Wire drawing equipment for copper material deep processing

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of copper material processing, and discloses wire drawing equipment for copper material deep processing, which comprises a machine base, a wire feeding mechanism is mounted at one end above the machine base, a wire drawing die box is mounted on one side of the wire feeding mechanism above the machine base, and a traction mechanism is arranged on one side of the wire drawing die box. The wire drawing die box comprises a cooling lubricating oil box arranged above the machine base, and a wire drawing die assembly is installed in the cooling lubricating oil box. The wire drawing die assembly comprises a wire drawing eye die, the wire drawing eye die comprises a steel sleeve installed in an arc-shaped fixing groove, a die core is installed in the steel sleeve, an oil supply mechanism used for supplying cooling lubricating oil to the die core is further installed at one end of the steel sleeve, the oil supply mechanism is arranged at the outer end of an inlet of the die core, and the oil supply mechanism comprises a lantern ring arranged in a circular ring shape. A circle of oil supply pipes are uniformly arranged on the lantern ring, so that the lubrication quality is improved, the friction and heat accumulation between a copper material and the die are greatly reduced, the service life of the die is prolonged, and the surface quality of a copper wire is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of copper material processing, in particular to a wire drawing device used for deep processing of copper materials. Background Art

[0002] Copper wire drawing is a common and important deep-processing technique in the metalworking industry. It primarily involves forcing the copper material through a progressively smaller die aperture, causing it to undergo plastic deformation, resulting in a smaller, more precisely dimensioned copper wire product. This process, widely used in precision manufacturing industries such as wire and cable and electronic components, places high demands on the wire drawing equipment's machining accuracy, stability, and lubrication and cooling capabilities.

[0003] In the existing technology, traditional wire drawing equipment mostly adopts a single-stage die core deformation method, that is, the copper material completes the entire diameter reduction in one pass. Although this structural design has a certain production efficiency, due to the highly concentrated deformation stress, it is very easy to cause the copper wire to break, burr or surface defects during the processing, seriously affecting the consistency and quality stability of the product. At the same time, the traditional die core structure usually only has a single deformation channel inside, and lacks a zoned lubrication and cooling design for different deformation stages, making it difficult for lubricating oil to effectively enter the key deformation area. Especially under high-speed wire drawing conditions, the lubricating oil film is very easy to rupture, resulting in dry friction between the copper material and the die, increasing die wear, increasing processing resistance and causing die temperature rise.

[0004] Furthermore, existing wire drawing equipment often uses dripping, immersion, or simple pumping to supply lubricant. These systems lack active control capabilities and are unable to dynamically adjust lubrication parameters based on wire drawing speed and processing load. This is particularly true under special operating conditions, such as wire drawing or die changes, where the lubricant often fails to promptly, evenly, and fully cover the copper surface, affecting stability during the initial stages of wire drawing. The lubricant's cooling and cleaning capabilities are also relatively weak. Accumulation of copper shavings or impurities in the die cavity often requires manual mold disassembly and cleaning, making maintenance cumbersome and inefficient. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a wire drawing device for deep processing of copper materials, aiming to solve the problems mentioned in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A wire drawing device for deep processing of copper materials, comprising a machine base, a wire feeding mechanism mounted on one end above the machine base, a wire drawing die box mounted above the machine base on one side of the wire feeding mechanism, a traction mechanism being provided on one side of the wire drawing die box, the wire drawing die box comprising a cooling lubricating oil box mounted above the machine base, a wire drawing die assembly being mounted inside the cooling lubricating oil box; The wire drawing die assembly includes a fixing seat installed inside the cooling lubricating oil box by bolts, the fixing seat includes a base arranged at the bottom of the cooling lubricating oil box and a top seat matched and installed above the base by bolts, the base and the top seat are both provided with an arc-shaped fixing groove, and the wire drawing eyelet die is installed in the arc-shaped fixing groove; The wire drawing eye die includes a steel sleeve installed in an arc-shaped fixed groove, the inner wall of the steel sleeve is provided with a positioning protrusion, a mold core is installed inside the steel sleeve, one end of the mold core is against the side of the positioning protrusion, and one end of the steel sleeve is also provided with an oil supply mechanism for supplying cooling lubricating oil to the mold core, the oil supply mechanism is arranged at the outer end of the mold core inlet, the oil supply mechanism includes a ring arranged in a circular shape, the ring is evenly provided with a circle of oil supply pipes, the oil supply pipes are arranged at an angle, and the outlet end of the oil supply pipe supplies cooling lubricating oil toward the inlet point A of the mold core.

[0007] Furthermore, the oil supply mechanism is provided with a plurality of oil supply pipes, and the plurality of oil supply pipes are spirally distributed in the collar and interconnected, wherein one of the oil supply pipes extends to the outer circumferential wall of the collar and is used for connecting to an external oil supply pump for adjusting power; A wire feeding area is provided at one end of the inner ring of the sleeve, and a protruding area is provided inwardly extending from the wire feeding area. The protruding area extends toward the axis of the sleeve, and the outlet end of the oil supply pipe is located behind the protruding area. A wire outlet area is provided at the other end of the inner ring of the sleeve, and the wire outlet area is groove-shaped.

[0008] Furthermore, the inner hole of the mold core includes, in sequence, the following along the forward path of the copper material: A trumpet-shaped die inlet, the die inlet and the wire outlet area of ​​the oil supply mechanism together form an oil storage cavity for collecting and guiding cooling lubricating oil, the minimum outlet cross-section of the oil storage cavity being the inlet point A of the die core; The first oil cavity is located between points A and B at the die entry; The first working section, located between points B and C, is used to reduce the copper material's diameter for the first time; a second oil chamber following the first working section; A second working section following the first oil chamber is used to reduce the diameter of the copper material for a second time; The final sizing zone immediately follows the second working section, and the final sizing zone extends from an inlet point E to an outlet point F.

[0009] Furthermore, the oil reservoir is used to receive and collect the pressurized cooling lubricating oil ejected in a spiral pattern by the multiple oil supply pipes. The convergent geometry of the trumpet-shaped die inlet enhances the initial dynamic pressure of the cooling lubricating oil, directing it to the inlet point A of the first oil chamber and supplying it to form an initial, forced-injection lubricating film on the surface of the copper material.

[0010] Furthermore, the first oil chamber is an expansion channel, and the size of the first oil chamber forms an annular gap that matches the diameter of the copper material. When the copper material passes through at a preset speed, due to the flow characteristics of the fluid in the annular gap, a local pressure drop occurs near the inlet point A or inside the first oil chamber, forming a negative pressure suction effect, thereby actively sucking in and filling the first oil chamber with the cooling lubricating oil supplied by the oil storage chamber, and being brought into the first working section by the moving copper material.

[0011] Furthermore, the first working section includes a first converging cone surface, which is made of polycrystalline diamond and is used for first diameter reduction of the copper material, reducing the diameter of the copper material from diameter B to diameter C; The second working section includes a second converging cone surface, which is made of polycrystalline diamond and is used for a second diameter reduction of the copper material, reducing the diameter of the copper material from diameter C to diameter E; Furthermore, the diameters of each point of the inner hole of the mold core are: ØA=ØB, ØB>ØC, ØC=ØD, ØD>ØE, ØE=ØF.

[0012] Furthermore, the internal space volume of the first oil chamber is greater than the internal space volume of the second oil chamber; The second oil chamber is an inverted conical cavity structure, which is used to capture and recompress the cooling lubricating oil flowing out of the first working section. By utilizing the superposition effect of Couette flow and Poiseuille flow through the moving copper material, a high-pressure lubricating boundary layer is rebuilt on the surface of the copper material to provide lubrication for the second working section and the final sizing area.

[0013] Furthermore, a spiral groove or protrusion is provided on the inner wall of the oil storage cavity for increasing the residence time and adhesion of the cooling lubricating oil in the cavity, thereby ensuring a continuous and stable supply of cooling lubricating oil to the inlet point A of the first oil cavity; The oil storage cavity is an inner wall profile that first expands and then converges from the protruding area to the inlet point A of the mold core, which is used to collect and guide the cooling lubricating oil to the inlet point A of the first oil cavity of the mold core.

[0014] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: 1. This wire drawing equipment installs multiple spirally distributed oil supply pipes at the die core inlet, spraying lubricating oil evenly along a spiral path onto the copper surface at an angle of 25-45 degrees, effectively solving the problem of insufficient lubrication with traditional oil immersion or dripping. The outlet of the oil supply pipe is oriented toward point A at the die core inlet, and an oil storage chamber is formed at the die core inlet. The movement of the copper material generates a negative pressure suction effect in the first oil chamber, prompting the lubricating oil to actively enter the die core cavity and adhere to the copper surface, forming a stable and continuous hydrodynamic lubrication film. This structure significantly improves the difficulty of lubricating oil entering the deformation zone. While improving lubrication quality, it also significantly reduces friction and heat accumulation between the copper material and the die, extending the service life of the die and ensuring the surface quality of the copper wire.

[0015] 2. The wire drawing die core utilizes a multi-stage progressive deformation structure consisting of a "first working section + second working section + final sizing zone," replacing the traditional single-stage deformation mode. This allows the copper material to be gradually reduced in diameter in two stages during the drawing process. The first and second working sections are each equipped with a converging polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tapered surface, which offers high wear resistance and disperses deformation stress, effectively preventing copper fracture caused by a single, intense deformation. Furthermore, oil chambers are provided between each deformation section, forming a continuous lubrication buffer zone and enhancing the integrity and shear stability of the lubrication film. By combining optimized deformation stress distribution with guaranteed lubrication, the dimensional consistency and surface finish of the drawn wire products are significantly improved.

[0016] 3. This wire drawing equipment is equipped with a plunger pump driven by a variable frequency speed control motor as the oil supply pump. The oil supply mode can be intelligently switched between low-pressure lubrication and high-pressure cleaning. During normal operation, the oil supply pump operates in a low-pressure mode of 0.4-0.8MPa, and through stable output, the lubricating oil forms a dynamic lubricating film within the die core. When increased die core resistance or impurity accumulation is detected, it automatically switches to high-pressure cleaning mode, increasing the pressure to 2.5-6.0MPa. The high-speed injection of lubricating oil forms a spiral impact flow field within the die core, effectively flushing copper chips and oxide impurities. This design avoids the inefficiency and risks of manual disassembly and cleaning of traditional equipment, improves the system's self-maintenance capabilities, enables long-term stable operation of the equipment, and reduces maintenance frequency and labor costs.

[0017] 4. Differentiated oil chamber structures are designed for each section of the die core, including an oil storage chamber, a primary oil chamber, and a secondary oil chamber. These, combined with spiral grooves or protrusions, precisely control the flow path, residence time, and redistribution of the lubricating oil within the die core. The primary oil chamber is an expansion-type structure, creating a suction negative pressure and providing a transition zone for lubricating film formation. The secondary oil chamber is an inverted conical structure, which recreates a high-pressure lubricating layer after the copper material undergoes initial deformation, effectively supporting the lubrication and cooling needs of the subsequent deformation and sizing zones. This not only enhances the die core's cooling capacity and ensures efficient circulation of the lubricating oil during heat transfer and dissipation, but also improves lubrication uniformity and system response speed through geometric control technology, providing stable support for complex wire drawing conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the wire drawing die assembly of the present invention; Figure 3 The three-dimensional structure of the wire drawing eye mold of the present invention is shown as follows Figure 1 ; Figure 4 The three-dimensional structure of the wire drawing eye mold of the present invention is shown as follows Figure 2 ; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the wire drawing eyelet die of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the mold core of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of the wire drawing eyelet mold of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the wire feeding structure of the wire drawing eyelet die of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the wire drawing eyelet die of the present invention; Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0019] In the figure: 1. Machine base; 2. Wire feeding mechanism; 3. Wire drawing die box; 31. Cooling and lubricating oil box; 32. Wire drawing die assembly; 321. Base; 322. Top seat; 323. Arc-shaped fixing groove; 324. Wire drawing eyelet die; 3241. Steel sleeve; 3242. Protrusion; 3243. Die core; 32431. Die inlet; 32432. Oil storage chamber; 32433. First oil chamber; 32434. First working section; 32435. Second oil chamber; 32436. Second working section; 32437. Final sizing area; 3244. Oil supply mechanism; 32441. Ring; 32442. Oil supply pipe; 32443. Protrusion area; 32444. Wire inlet area; 32445. Wire outlet area; 4. Pulling mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will provide a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Copper wire drawing is a key process in metal processing. By forcing the copper material through a gradually decreasing die aperture, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in a copper wire product of the desired diameter. Traditional wire drawing equipment suffers from the following technical issues in actual production: Traditional wire drawing dies utilize simple oil immersion or drip lubrication, which prevents the lubricant from fully entering the die working area. Especially during high-speed drawing, the lubricant film easily breaks, resulting in direct contact between the copper material and the die, causing severe friction and heat generation.

[0022] The large amount of deformation heat and friction heat generated during the wire drawing process cannot be dissipated in time, causing the mold temperature to rise, affecting the mold life and product quality. High temperature will also cause the performance of the lubricant to decline, further worsening the lubrication conditions. Traditional wire drawing dies mostly use a single-stage deformation structure, and the copper material completes all deformation in one pass, resulting in highly concentrated deformation stress, which can easily cause quality problems such as wire breakage and surface defects. The supply of lubricating oil in the existing technology relies on gravity or simple pumping, and it is impossible to form a stable dynamic pressure lubrication film. Especially in the initial stage of wire drawing, it is difficult for the lubricating oil to effectively enter the deformation zone.

[0023] See also Figure 1-10 The present embodiment provides a wire drawing device for deep processing of copper materials, which is used to draw a copper rod with a diameter of 8.0 mm into a copper wire with a diameter of 5.5 mm. The device includes a machine base 1, which is integrally cast from cast iron and has good shock absorption performance. A wire feeding mechanism 2 is installed at one end above the machine base 1. The wire feeding mechanism 2 includes a wire feeding wheel group driven by a motor, which is used to stably feed the copper material into the wire drawing die box 3. The wire feeding wheel group adopts a multi-wheel clamping design to ensure that the copper material maintains stable straightness and a constant wire feeding speed during the feeding process. A wire drawing die box 3 is installed above the machine base 1 on one side of the wire feeding mechanism 2, and a traction mechanism 4 is provided on one side of the wire drawing die box 3. The traction mechanism 4 adopts a reel driven by a variable frequency motor, and the wire drawing speed can be steplessly adjusted within the range of 5-20 m / s.

[0024] The wire drawing die box 3 includes a cooling lubricating oil box 31 arranged above the machine base 1. The oil box is welded with stainless steel plates and not only serves as a storage container for the lubricating oil, but also plays a role in overall cooling.

[0025] A wire drawing die assembly 32 is installed inside the cooling and lubricating oil box 31. The wire drawing die assembly 32 is the core part of the entire equipment and undertakes the key functions of copper deformation and lubrication. The wire drawing die assembly 32 includes a fixed seat installed inside the cooling and lubricating oil box 31 by bolts, and the fixed seat includes a base 321 arranged at the bottom of the cooling and lubricating oil box 31 and a top seat 322 mounted above the base 321 by matching bolts. The split design of the base 321 and the top seat 322 facilitates the installation, adjustment and maintenance of the mold, while ensuring the precise alignment of the mold. An arc-shaped fixing groove 323 is provided on both the base 321 and the top seat 322. The arc-shaped fixing groove 323 not only facilitates the installation and disassembly of the mold, but also can evenly distribute the clamping force through the arc-shaped contact surface to avoid damage to the mold caused by stress concentration. A wire drawing eye mold 324 is installed in the arc-shaped fixing groove 323; The wire drawing eye die 324 includes a steel sleeve 3241 installed in the arc-shaped fixed groove 323. The steel sleeve 3241 is made of high-strength alloy steel and has excellent wear resistance and fatigue resistance. The inner wall of the steel sleeve 3241 is provided with a positioning protrusion 3242. The protrusion 3242 plays the role of accurately positioning the mold core 3243 to ensure the position accuracy of the mold core after assembly. The mold core 3243 is installed inside the steel sleeve 3241, and one end of the mold core 3243 is against the side of the positioning protrusion 3242. The mold core 3243 is processed by high-precision grinding, and the surface roughness reaches Ra0.1μm or less, ensuring the surface quality of the copper material when passing through.

[0026] One end of the steel sleeve 3241 is also equipped with an oil supply mechanism 3244 for supplying cooling lubricating oil to the mold core 3243. The oil supply mechanism 3244 is arranged at the outer end of the inlet of the mold core 3243. The oil supply mechanism 3244 includes a ring 32441 arranged in a circular shape. The ring 32441 is evenly provided with a circle of oil supply pipes 32442. The oil supply pipes 32442 are arranged at an angle, and the outlet end of the oil supply pipe 32442 supplies cooling lubricating oil toward the inlet point A of the mold core 3243.

[0027] The inclined setting of the oil supply pipe 32442 allows the lubricating oil to be sprayed onto the surface of the copper material at a certain angle and speed, forming a more uniform and stable lubricating film.

[0028] The oil supply mechanism 3244 is provided with multiple oil supply pipes 32442, which are distributed in a spiral shape within the collar 32441 and interconnected. The spiral angle is 25-45 degrees, ensuring that the lubricating oil jet can form a spiral vortex. This helps to evenly distribute the lubricating oil during normal lubrication and enhances the cleaning effect during high-pressure cleaning. One of the oil supply pipes 32442 extends to the outer circumferential wall of the collar 32441 and is used to connect to an external oil supply pump with adjustable power. The spiral arrangement of multiple oil supply pipes (32, 442) ensures that lubricant is simultaneously supplied to the copper surface from multiple angles, providing 360-degree lubrication coverage. The interconnected piping ensures balanced pressure at each supply point, preventing the problem of insufficient lubrication in certain areas.

[0029] It's also worth noting that the oil supply pump utilizes a plunger pump structure driven by a variable-frequency speed-regulating motor. During normal wire drawing operations, the oil supply pump operates in low-pressure mode, with operating pressure controlled within the range of 0.4-0.8 MPa. In this low-pressure mode, within this pressure range, the lubricating oil forms a stable hydrodynamic lubrication film on the copper surface, approximately 5-15 microns thick, effectively isolating the copper from direct contact with the die.

[0030] In low-pressure operation, the lubricant flow rate is moderate, approximately 2-5 m / s, ensuring adequate lubrication coverage while avoiding turbulence and splashing caused by excessive flow rates. Lubricant consumption is approximately 8-12 liters per hour, making operating costs economical and reasonable. Low-pressure mode also reduces wear on the oil supply pump, extending equipment life and reducing maintenance costs.

[0031] If copper debris, scale, or other foreign matter is detected inside mold core 3243, the oil pump switches to high-pressure cleaning mode. In this mode, the operating pressure is rapidly increased to 2.5-6.0 MPa. High-pressure lubricating oil is simultaneously injected through multiple oil supply pipes 32442, creating a powerful impact flow field inside mold core 3243.

[0032] The high-pressure lubricating oil jet reaches velocities of 25-45 m / s, generating dynamic pressure that breaks down the adhesion between copper chips and the mold wall. The high-speed impact of the jet also creates a strong shearing effect within the mold core, stripping adhered impurities from the mold surface. The spiral distribution of multiple oil supply lines ensures that the cleaning jet reaches the entire surface of the mold core, leaving no blind spots.

[0033] One end of the inner ring of collar 32441 features a wire feed area 32444. Extending inward from this area is a protrusion 32443. When the copper material passes through this gap at high speed, a strong shearing action is generated, dragging the lubricant into the subsequent working area. The protrusion also acts as an oil scraper, preventing excess oil from leaking forward and ensuring that the lubricant flows primarily to the deformation area requiring lubrication. Protrusion 32443 extends along the axis of collar 32441, with the outlet of oil supply pipe 32442 located behind protrusion 32443. At the other end of the inner ring of collar 32441 lies a wire outlet area 32445. This grooved area creates a gradual, progressive guide structure, facilitating smooth entry of the copper material into the die and minimizing impact and vibration. The grooved shape of wire outlet area 32445 helps collect and direct the lubricant, preventing random splashing and improving lubricant utilization efficiency.

[0034] The inner hole of the mold core 3243 includes the following in sequence along the forward path of the copper material: The trumpet-shaped die inlet 32431, along with the wire outlet area 32445 of the oil supply mechanism 3244, forms an oil reservoir 32432 for collecting and directing the cooling lubricant. The minimum outlet cross-section of the oil reservoir 32432 is at point A, the entry point of the die core 3243. The trumpet-shaped design not only facilitates the introduction of the copper material but, more importantly, effectively collects and compresses the lubricant, creating conditions for subsequent dynamic lubrication. The oil reservoir 32432 receives and converges the pressurized cooling lubricant ejected in a spiral pattern from multiple oil supply pipes 32442. The convergent geometry of the trumpet-shaped die inlet 32431 provides initial dynamic pressure enhancement for the cooling lubricant, directing and supplying it to point A, the entry point of the first oil chamber 32433, forming an initial, forced-injection lubricating film on the copper material's surface. The oil storage cavity 32432 is an inner wall profile that first expands and then converges from the protruding area 32443 to the inlet point A of the mold core 3243, which is used to collect and guide the cooling lubricating oil to the inlet point A of the first oil cavity 32433 to support negative pressure suction.

[0035] The inner wall of the oil storage cavity 32432 is provided with a spiral groove or protrusion for increasing the residence time and adhesion of the cooling lubricating oil in the cavity, thereby ensuring a continuous and stable supply of cooling lubricating oil to the inlet point A of the first oil cavity 32433; the spiral groove or protrusion increases the contact area between the lubricating oil and the cavity wall and increases the contact force, which can effectively prevent the lubricating oil from flowing downward due to the gravity of the lubricating oil, resulting in a lubricating oil gap on the top, thereby ensuring the lubrication and cooling effect above the copper material.

[0036] Oil reservoir 32432, serving as the first lubricant collection area, directly impacts the effectiveness of the entire lubrication system. The trumpet-shaped die inlet not only facilitates the introduction of copper material, but its expanding and contracting geometry also serves an important function in fluid dynamics. When multiple rotating jets enter the oil reservoir, they interact and mix within the trumpet-shaped space, forming a relatively uniform flow field.

[0037] The first oil chamber 32433 is located between point A and point B; the first oil chamber 32433 is an expansion channel, and the size of the first oil chamber 32433 forms an annular gap that matches the diameter of the copper material. When the copper material passes through at a preset speed, due to the flow characteristics of the fluid in the annular gap, a local pressure drop occurs near the inlet point A or inside the first oil chamber 32433, forming a negative pressure suction effect, thereby actively sucking in and filling the first oil chamber 32433 with the cooling lubricating oil supplied by the oil storage chamber 32432, and the first oil chamber 32433 is brought into the first working section 32434 by the moving copper material. The faster the speed of the copper material, the stronger the negative pressure effect, and the amount of lubricating oil sucked in also increases accordingly, thereby achieving a match between lubrication supply and processing speed. The expansion design of the first oil chamber 32433 provides a buffer space for the lubricating oil, allowing it time to fully infiltrate the surface of the copper material and form a complete lubricating film, which plays a key role in reducing friction in the subsequent deformation process of the copper material; it solves the problem that the lubricating oil in traditional wire drawing equipment is difficult to effectively enter the deformation zone. Through the negative pressure effect generated by the movement of the copper material, the lubricating oil is actively sucked into the deformation area, forming a stable dynamic pressure lubrication film, which greatly improves the lubrication effect.

[0038] Traditional single-stage core deformation will lead to high stress concentration, which is likely to cause work hardening and surface defects of copper materials.

[0039] In the present application, the first working section 32434 located between point B and point C is used to perform a first diameter reduction on the copper material; the first working section 32434 includes a first converging cone surface, which is made of polycrystalline diamond and is used for the first diameter reduction of the copper material, reducing the diameter of the copper material from diameter B to diameter C; The second oil chamber 32435 follows the first operating section 32434. The internal volume of the first oil chamber 32433 is larger than that of the second oil chamber 32435. The smaller volume of the second oil chamber 32435 generates higher oil pressure and faster flow, meeting the high-pressure lubrication requirements of the second operating section 32436. Furthermore, the smaller volume reduces the residence time of the lubricating oil, preventing excessive oil temperature increases.

[0040] The second oil chamber 32435 is an inverted conical cavity structure, which is used to capture and recompress the cooling lubricating oil flowing out of the first working section 32434. It uses the moving copper material to rebuild a high-pressure lubricating boundary layer on the surface of the copper material to provide lubrication for the second working section 32436 and the final sizing area 32437.

[0041] The second working section 32436 following the second oil chamber 32435 is used to reduce the diameter of the copper material for the second time; the second working section 32436 includes a second convergent cone surface, which is made of polycrystalline diamond and is used for the second diameter reduction of the copper material, reducing the diameter of the copper material from diameter C to diameter E.

[0042] Immediately following the second working section 32436 is the final sizing zone 32437 , which extends from an inlet point E to an outlet point F.

[0043] The diameter relationship at each point within the inner hole of mold core 3243 is: ØA = ØB, ØB > ØC, ØC = ØD, ØD > ØE, and ØE = ØF. The use of multi-stage progressive deformation avoids the problem of excessive stress concentration in traditional single-stage deformation.

[0044] The working process of the copper material deep processing wire drawing equipment of the present embodiment is as follows: Before starting the equipment, check the lubricating oil level in the cooling oil box 31 to ensure sufficient lubricating oil. Start the oil pump and operate it in low-pressure mode (0.4-0.8 MPa). Lubricating oil flows through the multiple spirally distributed oil supply pipes 32442 of the oil supply mechanism 3244 and is sprayed toward the inlet point A of the mold core 3243 at a spiral angle of 25-45 degrees, forming a stable vortex of lubricating oil within the oil storage chamber 32432.

[0045] During the wire drawing stage, a copper rod with a diameter of 8.0 mm is fed into the wire drawing die box 3 via the wire feed mechanism 2. The copper rod first passes through the wire inlet area 32444 of the collar 32441, which controls the flow of lubricating oil. The copper rod then continues forward, passing through the wire outlet area 32445 and entering the trumpet-shaped die inlet 32431 of the die core 3243.

[0046] When the copper material enters oil reservoir 32432, the spiral grooves or protrusions increase the adhesion of the lubricant, ensuring even distribution across the copper material's surface. As the copper material continues to advance and reaches first oil chamber 32433 (between points A and B), the high-speed movement of the copper material creates a negative pressure suction effect within the expanding channel, actively drawing the lubricant from oil reservoir 32432 and forming an initial lubricating film on the copper material's surface.

[0047] The copper material, carrying a lubricating film, enters the first working section 32434 (between points B and C). Under the action of the first converging cone of the polycrystalline diamond material, the copper material's diameter gradually decreases from 8.0 mm (diameter B) to the intermediate diameter (diameter C). The frictional heat generated during deformation is dissipated by the lubricating oil. At the same time, the lubricating oil maintains a stable lubricating film under high pressure, effectively reducing deformation resistance.

[0048] After the initial deformation, the copper material enters the second oil chamber 32435, which has an inversely tapered cavity structure and a smaller volume than the first oil chamber 32433. The lubricating oil flowing from the first working section 32434 is captured and recompressed here. The copper material's movement is then used to recreate a high-pressure lubricating boundary layer on its surface, providing enhanced lubrication protection for subsequent deformation.

[0049] The copper material enters the second working section 32436, where, under the action of the second converging cone, its diameter is further reduced from C to E. The two-stage deformation design avoids excessive stress concentration and significantly reduces the risk of wire breakage.

[0050] The copper material finally enters the final sizing zone 32437 (points E to F). Within this constant diameter area, the copper material's dimensions are precisely controlled and stabilized, resulting in a finished copper wire with a diameter of 5.5 mm (diameter F). The design of the sizing zone ensures the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the copper wire.

[0051] In the wire-receiving stage, the copper wire that has completed the wire drawing leaves the die core 3243 outlet and is continuously reeled by the variable frequency motor driven reel of the traction mechanism 4. During the whole process, the lubricating oil is circulated in the cooling lubricating oil box 31, and the excess heat is dissipated through the oil box.

[0052] If increased wire drawing resistance or deteriorating product quality is detected, the oil pump can be switched to high-pressure cleaning mode. High-pressure lubricating oil is sprayed through the spirally distributed oil supply pipe 32442, creating an impact flow field inside the mold core, flushing away impurities such as copper chips and oxide scale, restoring the mold to optimal working condition.

[0053] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0054] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wire drawing device for deep processing of copper materials, comprising a machine base, a wire feeding mechanism mounted on one end above the machine base, a wire drawing die box mounted on one side of the wire feeding mechanism above the machine base, and a traction mechanism mounted on one side of the wire drawing die box, characterized in that: The wire drawing die box includes a cooling lubricating oil box arranged above the machine base, and a wire drawing die assembly is installed inside the cooling lubricating oil box; The wire drawing die assembly includes a fixing seat installed inside the cooling lubricating oil box by bolts, the fixing seat includes a base arranged at the bottom of the cooling lubricating oil box and a top seat matched and installed above the base by bolts, the base and the top seat are both provided with an arc-shaped fixing groove, and the wire drawing eyelet die is installed in the arc-shaped fixing groove; The wire drawing eye die includes a steel sleeve installed in an arc-shaped fixed groove, the inner wall of the steel sleeve is provided with a positioning protrusion, a mold core is installed inside the steel sleeve, one end of the mold core is against the side of the positioning protrusion, and one end of the steel sleeve is also provided with an oil supply mechanism for supplying cooling lubricating oil to the mold core, the oil supply mechanism is arranged at the outer end of the mold core inlet, the oil supply mechanism includes a ring arranged in a circular shape, the ring is evenly provided with a circle of oil supply pipes, the oil supply pipes are arranged at an angle, and the outlet end of the oil supply pipe supplies cooling lubricating oil toward the inlet point A of the mold core.

2. A wire drawing device for deep processing of copper materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil supply mechanism is provided with a plurality of oil supply pipes, and the plurality of oil supply pipes are spirally distributed in the sleeve and interconnected, wherein one of the oil supply pipes extends to the outer circumferential wall of the sleeve and is used for connecting to an external oil supply pump for adjusting power; A wire feeding area is provided at one end of the inner ring of the sleeve, and a protruding area is provided inwardly extending from the wire feeding area. The protruding area extends toward the axis of the sleeve, and the outlet end of the oil supply pipe is located behind the protruding area. A wire outlet area is provided at the other end of the inner ring of the sleeve, and the wire outlet area is groove-shaped.

3. A wire drawing device for deep processing of copper materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner hole of the mold core, along the forward path of the copper material, sequentially includes: A trumpet-shaped die inlet, the die inlet and the wire outlet area of ​​the oil supply mechanism together form an oil storage cavity for collecting and guiding cooling lubricating oil, the minimum outlet cross-section of the oil storage cavity being the inlet point A of the die core; The first oil cavity is located between points A and B at the die entry; The first working section, located between points B and C, is used to reduce the copper material's diameter for the first time; a second oil chamber following the first working section; A second working section following the first oil chamber is used to reduce the diameter of the copper material for a second time; The final sizing zone immediately follows the second working section, and the final sizing zone extends from an inlet point E to an outlet point F.

4. A wire drawing device for deep processing of copper materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil storage chamber is used to receive and gather the pressurized cooling lubricating oil ejected in a spiral manner by the multiple oil supply pipes, and through the convergent geometric structure of the trumpet-shaped die inlet, the cooling lubricating oil is initially subjected to dynamic pressure enhancement, guided and supplied to the inlet point A of the first oil chamber.

5. A wire drawing device for deep processing of copper materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first oil chamber is an expansion channel. The size of the first oil chamber forms an annular gap that matches the diameter of the copper material. When the copper material passes through at a preset speed, due to the flow characteristics of the fluid in the annular gap, a local pressure drop occurs near the inlet point A or inside the first oil chamber, forming a negative pressure suction effect, thereby actively sucking in and filling the first oil chamber with the cooling lubricating oil supplied by the oil storage chamber, and being brought into the first working section by the moving copper material.

6. A wire drawing device for deep processing of copper materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first working section includes a first converging cone surface, which is made of polycrystalline diamond and is used for the first diameter reduction of the copper material, reducing the diameter of the copper material from diameter B to diameter C; The second working section includes a second converging cone surface, which is made of polycrystalline diamond and is used for a second diameter reduction of the copper material, reducing the diameter of the copper material from diameter C to diameter E.

7. A wire drawing device for deep processing of copper materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameters of various points in the inner hole of the mold core are: ØA=ØB, ØB>ØC, ØC=ØD, ØD>ØE, and ØE=ØF.

8. A wire drawing device for deep processing of copper materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The internal space volume of the first oil chamber is greater than the internal space volume of the second oil chamber; The second oil chamber is an inverted conical cavity structure, which is used to capture and recompress the cooling lubricating oil flowing out of the first working section. By using the moving copper material, a high-pressure lubricating boundary layer is rebuilt on the surface of the copper material to provide lubrication for the second working section and the final sizing area.

9. A wire drawing device for deep processing of copper materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the oil storage cavity is provided with a spiral groove or a protrusion for increasing the residence time and adhesion of the cooling lubricating oil in the cavity, thereby ensuring a continuous and stable supply of cooling lubricating oil to the inlet point A of the first oil cavity; The oil storage cavity is an inner wall profile that first expands and then converges from the protruding area to the inlet point A of the mold core, which is used to collect and guide the cooling lubricating oil to the inlet point A of the first oil cavity of the mold core.

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