Multi-station forging and stamping press and warm-cold precision forging and extruding control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-station forging and stamping press which comprises a forging and stamping press device, the forging and stamping press device comprises a forging and stamping press body, a protective fence is arranged on the forging and stamping press body, and a stamping mechanism and an automatic discharging mechanism are arranged on the protective fence; the automatic discharging mechanism comprises a supporting plate, the supporting plate is fixedly mounted on the protective fence, a motor cover is fixedly mounted on the supporting plate, a servo motor is arranged in the motor cover, and a set of mounting shafts are rotationally mounted on the supporting plate. Compared with a traditional manual discharging mode, labor cost is reduced, potential safety hazards in the manual discharging process are thoroughly eliminated, machined workpieces can be rapidly and orderly collected in cooperation with the design of the inclined guide plate and the collecting box, and efficient and smooth operation of the production process is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of presses, and in particular relates to a multi-station forging press and a warm and cold precision forging and extrusion control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As core equipment in the metal forming industry, forging presses are widely used in precision manufacturing applications such as automotive parts and aerospace. Their processing efficiency and forming accuracy directly impact product quality and production costs. Warm cold forging and extrusion processes, characterized by high material utilization and excellent workpiece mechanical properties, have become the mainstream technology for high-end forging manufacturing.

[0003] However, most existing forging and stamping presses are single-station processing, and the workpieces need to be frequently loaded and unloaded, resulting in long processing cycles and low equipment utilization. Unloading relies on manual operation, which poses safety hazards and high labor costs. Insufficient unloading accuracy can easily lead to subsequent processing deviations. The control of warm and cold forging process parameters is rough, and temperature control is difficult to adjust in real time according to material phase change, which leads to the performance of the workpiece after forging and extrusion failing to meet the specified requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-station forging press to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a multi-station forging press, comprising: The forging and punching press device comprises a forging and punching press body, a protective fence is provided on the forging and punching press body, and a punching mechanism and an automatic unloading mechanism are provided on the protective fence; The automatic unloading mechanism includes a support plate, which is fixedly mounted on the protective fence, a motor cover is fixedly mounted on the support plate, a servo motor is provided inside the motor cover, a group of mounting shafts are rotatably mounted on the support plate, a driving gear and a driven gear are fixedly provided on the mounting shafts, the output end of the servo motor is fixedly connected to the driving gear, the outer surfaces of the driving gear and the driven gear are meshed and connected with a transmission chain, a transmission rod is slidingly provided on the support plate, one end of the transmission rod close to the servo motor is fixedly connected to the transmission chain, and the other end is fixedly connected to the unloading plate.

[0006] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, a main worktable is provided on the forging press body, a rotary worktable is rotatably provided on the main worktable, and a plurality of stamping base plates are provided on the rotary worktable.

[0007] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, a material guide plate is fixedly installed on the outer side of the stamping base plate, the material guide plate is designed to be an inclined structure, and an emergency control button is provided on the main workbench.

[0008] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the stamping mechanism includes a press body, a control panel is provided on the press body, a stamping hydraulic rod is provided on the press body, and a stamping plate is fixedly installed on one end of the stamping hydraulic rod close to the rotary worktable.

[0009] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the control panel is electrically connected to the stamping hydraulic rod, and the stamping plate is located directly above the stamping bottom plate away from the emergency control button.

[0010] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, a guide groove is provided on the support plate, the transmission rod is used in conjunction with the guide groove, a rubber pad is provided on the blanking plate, and a collection box is provided on one side of the main workbench.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-station forging press with the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention uses a servo motor to drive the transmission chain to drive the blanking plate to automatically transfer the workpiece. Compared with the traditional manual blanking method, it not only reduces labor costs, but also completely eliminates the safety hazards in the manual blanking process. Combined with the design of the inclined guide plate and the collection box, the processed workpieces can be collected quickly and orderly, ensuring the efficient and smooth operation of the production process.

[0012] 2. The rotary worktable in the present invention can drive the workpiece into different workstations in sequence to realize multi-station continuous processing. Compared with the traditional single-station press, there is no need for frequent loading and unloading of workpieces, which greatly shortens the processing cycle and enables the equipment to meet the needs of various processing technologies.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling warm and cold precision forging and extrusion of a multi-station forging press, comprising: Collecting workpiece temperature distribution data on the forging station, extracting temperature gradient information and material phase change characteristics from the temperature distribution data, and generating a dynamic temperature thermodynamic map of the workpiece surface based on the regional temperature gradient information to plan a target forging area of ​​the workpiece; generating a pressure control instruction for the punch of the press machine with respect to the target forging area based on the phase change characteristics of the material, and sending the pressure control instruction to a control panel to execute graded pressure control of the punch plate on the workpiece; The actual deformation rate of the target forging area during the pressure graded control process is monitored in real time, the optimal stamping speed of the stamping plate is calculated based on the actual deformation rate, and the workpiece is forged and extruded using the stamping plate according to the optimal stamping speed to obtain a forged and extruded workpiece.

[0014] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, extracting temperature gradient information and material phase change characteristics from the temperature distribution data includes: Normalizing the temperature distribution data to obtain standard temperature data; Performing spatial interpolation processing on the standard temperature data to obtain a precise temperature field; Calculating the temperature gradient vector of each point in the precise temperature field, and generating temperature gradient information based on the temperature gradient vector; Performing cluster analysis on the temperature gradient information to obtain cluster gradient information, and analyzing the abnormal temperature gradient area of ​​the workpiece based on the cluster gradient information; Combining the temperature distribution data with a preset material phase change database, identifying potential phase change temperature regions in the temperature gradient abnormal region; Performing a time series analysis on the potential phase change temperature region to obtain a regional temperature change trend; Based on the regional temperature change trend, the material phase change characteristics of the temperature distribution data are analyzed.

[0015] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, generating a dynamic temperature thermodynamic map of the workpiece surface based on the regional temperature gradient information to plan a target forging area of ​​the workpiece further includes: Performing multi-scale segmentation on the dynamic temperature thermodynamic map to obtain temperature gradient characteristic regions; Performing regional screening on the temperature gradient characteristic region to obtain a high-temperature softening zone; Extracting regional pixels of the high-temperature softening zone, and calculating the area ratio and the number of connected branches of the high-temperature softening zone based on the regional pixels; Determining the surface forging parameters corresponding to the workpiece based on the area ratio and the number of connected branches; generating a forging planning path for the workpiece based on the surface forging parameters; Analyzing the geometric constraints of the workpiece, performing collision detection on the forging planning path and the geometric constraints, and obtaining a collision detection result; Based on the collision detection result, the forging and extrusion planning path is corrected to obtain a corrected forging and extrusion planning path; Based on the modified forging planning path, a target forging area of ​​the workpiece is determined.

[0016] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, calculating the optimal stamping speed of the stamping plate based on the actual deformation rate includes: Recording the average temperature and initial thickness of the workpiece in the target forging area during the pressure graded control process, and querying the expected thickness of the workpiece; The optimal stamping speed of the stamping plate is calculated by combining the actual deformation rate, the average temperature of the workpiece, the initial thickness of the workpiece, and the expected thickness of the workpiece using the following formula:

[0017] Among them, V represents the optimal punching speed of the punching plate, represents the actual deformation rate, Indicates the initial thickness of the workpiece, represents the expected thickness of the workpiece, B represents the activation energy of thermal deformation, D represents the gas constant, and E represents the average temperature of the workpiece. Indicates the equipment correction factor.

[0018] It can be seen that the present invention can obtain the heat conduction trend and microstructure change law of the workpiece during the forging process by extracting the temperature gradient information and material phase change characteristics from the temperature distribution data, thereby providing accurate data support for dynamic adjustment of pressure parameters, mold temperature pre-compensation and forging path optimization, effectively avoiding material deformation defects caused by uneven temperature, and significantly improving forging forming accuracy and production efficiency. The present invention generates a pressure control instruction of the press punch regarding the target forging area based on the material phase change characteristics, and can obtain a dynamic strategy for pressure regulation of the stamping plate, and sends the pressure control instruction to the control panel to execute the graded pressure control of the stamping plate on the workpiece, thereby achieving a coordinated matching of the forging pressure and the material phase change process, and improving the uniformity of the forging structure. The present invention calculates the optimal stamping speed of the stamping plate based on the actual deformation rate, and can dynamically adapt to the flow characteristics of the material in different phase change stages, and avoid defects such as cracks and folds caused by abnormal deformation rate in real time, while improving the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the forging, reducing mold wear. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a multi-station forging press according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the main workbench structure proposed in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of a support plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A flow chart of a method for controlling warm and cold precision forging and extrusion of a multi-station forging press, proposed as an embodiment of the invention; In the figure: 1. Forging and stamping press device; 11. Forging and stamping press body; 12. Main workbench; 13. Emergency control button; 14. Rotary workbench; 15. Stamping base plate; 16. Guide plate; 17. Protective fence; 2. Stamping mechanism; 21. Press body; 22. Control panel; 23. Stamping hydraulic rod; 24. Stamping plate; 3. Automatic unloading mechanism; 31. Support plate; 32. Collection box; 33. Motor cover; 34. Servo motor; 35. Mounting shaft; 36. Driving gear; 37. Driven gear; 38. Transmission chain; 39. Transmission rod; 311. Unloading plate; 312. Rubber pad; 313. Guide groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] See also Figure 1 , which is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the multi-station forging and punching press proposed in the present invention, including a forging and punching press device 1, wherein the forging and punching press device 1 includes a forging and punching press body 11, and a protective fence 17 is provided on the forging and punching press body 11. A stamping mechanism 2 and an automatic unloading mechanism 3 are provided on the protective fence 17. The protective fence 17 surrounds the periphery of the stamping mechanism 2 and can isolate the dangerous area when the equipment is running, prevent the workpiece from splashing or people from accidentally touching the stamping parts, and ensure safe operation.

[0022] See also Figure 2, which is a schematic diagram of the main workbench structure proposed in one embodiment of the present invention. A main workbench 12 is provided on the forging press body 11, and a rotary workbench 14 is rotatably provided on the main workbench 12. A plurality of stamping base plates 15 are provided on the rotary workbench 14. A guide plate 16 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the stamping base plate 15. The guide plate 16 is designed to be an inclined structure. An emergency control button 13 is provided on the main workbench 12. The emergency control button 13 is connected to the power system of the forging press device 1, the stamping mechanism 2, and the automatic unloading mechanism 3. Pressing the button in an emergency can immediately cut off the power of the equipment, forcibly stop the operation of the stamping hydraulic rod 23, and pause the rotation. The workbench 14 rotates to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment. The stamping mechanism 2 includes a press body 21. The press body 21 is provided with a control panel 22. The control panel 22 integrates pressure, stroke, and speed adjustment functions. The operator can set the working parameters of the stamping hydraulic rod 23 through the panel, and monitor the equipment operation status and fault information in real time. The press body 21 is provided with a stamping hydraulic rod 23. The stamping hydraulic rod 23 is fixedly installed with a stamping plate 24 at one end close to the rotary workbench 14. The control panel 22 is electrically connected to the stamping hydraulic rod 23. The stamping plate 24 is located directly above the stamping base plate 15 away from the emergency control button 13.

[0023] See also Figure 3, is a schematic cross-sectional view of the support plate structure proposed in an embodiment of the present invention, the automatic unloading mechanism 3 includes a support plate 31, the support plate 31 is fixedly mounted on the protective fence 17, a motor cover 33 is fixedly mounted on the support plate 31, a servo motor 34 is provided inside the motor cover 33, a group of mounting shafts 35 are rotatably mounted on the support plate 31, a driving gear 36 and a driven gear 37 are fixedly provided on the mounting shafts 35, the output end of the servo motor 34 is fixedly connected to the driving gear 36, the outer surfaces of the driving gear 36 and the driven gear 37 are meshed and connected with a transmission chain 38, a transmission rod 39 is slidably provided on the support plate 31, one end of the transmission rod 39 close to the servo motor 34 is fixedly connected to the transmission chain 38, and the other end is fixedly connected to the unloading plate 311, and a The guide groove 313, the transmission rod 39 is used in conjunction with the guide groove 313, and a rubber pad 312 is provided on the blanking plate 311. When the servo motor 34 is started, the transmission chain 38 is driven to rotate reciprocatingly through the driving gear 36, and the reciprocating motion of the transmission chain 38 is converted into the reciprocating movement of the transmission rod 39, thereby driving the blanking plate 311 to periodically approach or move away from the rotary worktable 14; the rubber pad 312 is made of highly elastic material, which can buffer the impact force when in contact with the workpiece to avoid scratching the workpiece surface, and at the same time increase the friction to improve the grasping stability; when the transmission chain 38 drives the transmission rod 39 to move along the guide groove 313 toward the collection box 32, the blanking plate 311 pushes the stamped workpiece from the stamping base plate 15 to the collection box 32, realizing automated blanking operations, improving production efficiency and reducing the risk of manual intervention.

[0024] The working principle and use process of a multi-station forging press of the present invention are as follows: the operator sets the stamping parameters through the control panel 22 and starts the stamping mechanism 2. The press body 21 drives the stamping hydraulic rod 23 to make the stamping plate 24 reciprocate in the vertical direction, and the workpiece to be processed is placed on the stamping base plate 15 of the rotary table 14. The rotary table 14 rotates and transports the workpiece to the bottom of the stamping plate 24 in turn. When the stamping plate 24 descends, it cooperates with the mold on the stamping base plate 15 to perform forging and stamping on the workpiece. After the processing is completed, the rotary table 14 continues to rotate to transport the finished workpiece to the corresponding position of the automatic unloading mechanism 3. At this time, the automatic unloading mechanism 3 is started. The servo motor 34 of the dynamic unloading mechanism 3 drives the driving gear 36 to rotate. The driving gear 36 engages with the driven gear 37 through the transmission chain 38, driving the transmission rod 39 to slide along the guide groove 313. The transmission rod 39 drives the unloading plate 311 to approach the workpiece. The rubber pad 312 on the unloading plate 311 contacts and grabs the workpiece. Then the transmission rod 39 moves in the opposite direction and pushes the workpiece along the inclined guide plate 16 to the collection box 32 on the side of the main workbench 12. If an abnormality occurs during operation, press the emergency control button 13 to immediately stop the operation of the stamping hydraulic rod 23 and the rotary workbench 14 to ensure the safety of equipment and personnel.

[0025] See Figure 4 FIG. 1 is a method for controlling warm and cold precision forging and extrusion of a multi-station forging press according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprising: S1. Collecting the workpiece temperature distribution data on the forging station, extracting the temperature gradient information and material phase change characteristics from the temperature distribution data, and generating a dynamic temperature thermodynamic map of the workpiece surface based on the regional temperature gradient information to plan the target forging area of ​​the workpiece.

[0026] The present invention can obtain the heat conduction trend and microstructure change law of the workpiece during the forging and extrusion process by extracting the temperature gradient information and material phase change characteristics from the temperature distribution data, thereby providing accurate data support for dynamic adjustment of pressure parameters, mold temperature pre-compensation and forging and extrusion path optimization, effectively avoiding material deformation defects caused by uneven temperature, and significantly improving forging and extrusion forming accuracy and production efficiency, wherein the temperature distribution data is the workpiece surface temperature field data collected in real time by an infrared thermal imager on the forging and punching station; the temperature gradient information is the temperature change rate and its direction vector of each spatial point in the temperature distribution data, reflecting the heat flux density inside the material; the material phase change characteristics are characteristic parameters in the temperature distribution data related to the critical point of material phase change (such as austenitizing temperature, recrystallization temperature), including phase change starting temperature, phase change rate and phase change area distribution. Furthermore, the workpiece temperature distribution data on the forging and punching station can be collected by a temperature sensor.

[0027] As an embodiment of the present invention, extracting temperature gradient information and material phase change characteristics from the temperature distribution data includes: Normalizing the temperature distribution data to obtain standard temperature data; Performing spatial interpolation processing on the standard temperature data to obtain a precise temperature field; Calculating the temperature gradient vector of each point in the precise temperature field, and generating temperature gradient information based on the temperature gradient vector; Performing cluster analysis on the temperature gradient information to obtain cluster gradient information, and analyzing the abnormal temperature gradient area of ​​the workpiece based on the cluster gradient information; Combining the temperature distribution data with a preset material phase change database, identifying potential phase change temperature regions in the temperature gradient abnormal region; Performing a time series analysis on the potential phase change temperature region to obtain a regional temperature change trend; Based on the regional temperature change trend, the material phase change characteristics of the temperature distribution data are analyzed.

[0028] Among them, the standard temperature data is data with a unified numerical range obtained by normalizing the temperature distribution data; the precision temperature field is a high-resolution temperature distribution field obtained by spatial interpolation of the standard temperature data; the temperature gradient vector is a vector representation of the temperature change rate of each point in the precision temperature field; the cluster gradient information is gradient feature grouping data obtained by clustering analysis of the temperature gradient information; the temperature gradient anomaly area is an area where the temperature gradient of the workpiece significantly deviates from the normal range based on the analysis of the cluster gradient information; the preset material phase change database is a database for storing the critical temperature parameters of material phase change; the potential phase change temperature area is an area where the temperature value in the temperature gradient anomaly area reaches the critical condition of phase change; the regional temperature change trend is the trend characteristic of temperature change over time obtained by time series analysis of the potential phase change temperature area.

[0029] Furthermore, the temperature distribution data can be normalized by the Min-Max normalization algorithm to obtain standard temperature data; the standard temperature data can be spatially interpolated by the bicubic spline interpolation method to obtain a precise temperature field; the temperature gradient vector of each point in the precise temperature field can be calculated by the finite difference method; the temperature gradient information can be generated by integrating the data of each point based on the temperature gradient vector; the temperature gradient information can be clustered by the DBSCAN density clustering algorithm to obtain cluster gradient information; based on the cluster gradient information, a gradient threshold is set and the temperature gradient abnormal area of ​​the workpiece is analyzed by comparison and screening; the temperature distribution data and a preset material phase change database are combined to compare the temperature value with the phase change critical temperature in the database to identify the potential phase change temperature area in the temperature gradient abnormal area; the potential phase change temperature area can be time series analyzed by sliding window Fourier transform to obtain the regional temperature change trend; based on the regional temperature change trend, the JMAK phase change kinetic model is applied and combined with the material characteristic parameters to analyze the material phase change characteristics of the temperature distribution data.

[0030] The present invention generates a dynamic temperature thermodynamic map of the workpiece surface based on the regional temperature gradient information, which can accurately locate the high-temperature softening zone and the low-temperature hardening zone of the material, so that the forging extrusion force automatically matches the rheological properties of the material in different areas, so as to plan the target forging area of ​​the workpiece, thereby facilitating the subsequent forging and stamping parameter analysis and processing. The dynamic temperature thermodynamic map is based on the regional temperature gradient information to generate a visual map of the workpiece surface that intuitively presents the temperature distribution and change trend in color depth. The target forging area is planned according to the dynamic temperature thermodynamic map for the workpiece that needs to be forged and extruded first, and the pressure and speed parameters need to be adjusted. For high-priority areas that are subject to key control, a dynamic temperature thermogram of the workpiece surface is further generated based on the temperature gradient information of the area. For example, the temperature gradient value is mapped to an RGB color space of 0-255 (the gradient area ≥5°C / mm is displayed in dark red) through Gaussian kernel density estimation, and timestamps are superimposed to form a dynamic sequence updated every second. The thermogram can quantitatively display the heat flux density distribution on the workpiece surface. For example, during gear forging, the temperature gradient in the tooth root transition zone reaches 8°C / mm (displayed as dark red highlight), and the phase change critical temperature area accounts for 35%, providing accurate numerical support for the dynamic adjustment of forging pressure parameters (such as 120MPa pressure in this area).

[0031] As an embodiment of the present invention, generating a dynamic temperature thermodynamic map of the workpiece surface based on the regional temperature gradient information to plan the target forging area of ​​the workpiece further includes: Performing multi-scale segmentation on the dynamic temperature thermodynamic map to obtain temperature gradient characteristic regions; Performing regional screening on the temperature gradient characteristic region to obtain a high-temperature softening zone; Extracting regional pixels of the high-temperature softening zone, and calculating the area ratio and the number of connected branches of the high-temperature softening zone based on the regional pixels; Determining the surface forging parameters corresponding to the workpiece based on the area ratio and the number of connected branches; generating a forging planning path for the workpiece based on the surface forging parameters; Analyzing the geometric constraints of the workpiece, performing collision detection on the forging planning path and the geometric constraints, and obtaining a collision detection result; Based on the collision detection result, the forging and extrusion planning path is corrected to obtain a corrected forging and extrusion planning path; Based on the modified forging planning path, a target forging area of ​​the workpiece is determined.

[0032] Among them, the temperature gradient characteristic area is the characteristic area of ​​temperature gradient distribution at different scales obtained by multi-scale segmentation of the dynamic temperature thermodynamic map; the high-temperature softening zone is the material softening temperature range area screened by the temperature threshold in the temperature gradient characteristic area; the regional pixel is the image pixel unit set corresponding to the high-temperature softening zone in the dynamic temperature thermodynamic map; the area ratio and the number of connected branches are the characteristic parameters that quantitatively represent the spatial distribution range and discreteness of the high-temperature softening zone; the surface forging parameters are the forging pressure, speed and other process parameters of the workpiece that are determined in combination with the area ratio and the number of connected branches to adapt to the fluidity of the material; the forging planning path is the forging processing trajectory solution generated by the workpiece based on the surface forging parameters that meets the temperature field process requirements; the geometric constraints are the geometric structure constraints such as the outer contour of the workpiece and the boundary of the mold cavity; the modified forging planning path is the feasible processing path obtained after the forging planning path is optimized and adjusted for obstacle avoidance based on the collision detection results.

[0033] Furthermore, the dynamic temperature thermogram can be multi-scale segmented by a wavelet transform multi-scale decomposition algorithm to obtain a temperature gradient characteristic area; the temperature gradient characteristic area can be regionally screened by a regional screening algorithm based on the material softening temperature threshold to obtain a high-temperature softening zone; the regional pixels of the high-temperature softening zone can be extracted by an image mask extraction technique; based on the regional pixels, the area ratio and the number of connected branches of the high-temperature softening zone are calculated by a morphological analysis algorithm, such as first binarizing the regional pixels (the pixel value of the high-temperature zone is set to 1, and the rest are set to 0), and then filling the tiny holes by a morphological closing operation, and counting the proportion of the number of pixels with a value of 1 in the binary image to the total number of pixels to obtain the area ratio; at the same time, a connected component labeling algorithm (such as the 8-neighborhood labeling method) is used to identify interconnected pixel clusters, and the number of connected branches is obtained by counting. For example, in a gear forging thermal diagram, after processing, the high-temperature softening zone pixel ratio reaches 42%, and the number of connected branches is 3, indicating that the material fluidity presents the characteristics of a dispersed high-temperature area; combining the area ratio and the number of connected branches, the surface forging parameters corresponding to the workpiece are determined. For example, when the high-temperature softening zone area ratio is greater than 40% and the number of connected branches is ≤2, it is mapped to a high-pressure and low-speed parameter combination (forging pressure 180MPa, speed 5mm / s), which is suitable for plastic flow control in concentrated high-temperature areas during steel forging; if the area ratio is less than 30% and the number of connected branches is ≥3, the low-pressure and high-speed parameters (pressure 120MPa, speed 10mm / s) are activated, and the high-speed flow control is realized by fast Forging improves the fluidity uniformity of the dispersed high-temperature zone of the aluminum alloy; based on the surface forging parameters, a forging path optimization algorithm is applied to generate a forging planning path of the workpiece; the geometric constraints of the workpiece can be analyzed by three-dimensional CAD model analysis technology; a collision detection algorithm based on a bounding box is used to perform collision detection on the forging planning path and the geometric constraints to obtain a collision detection result; based on the collision detection result, a spline interpolation optimization algorithm is used to perform path correction processing on the forging planning path to obtain a corrected forging planning path; based on the corrected forging planning path, a target forging area of ​​the workpiece is determined by a fusion analysis of the path and temperature characteristics.

[0034] S2. Based on the phase change characteristics of the material, generate a pressure control instruction for the press punch regarding the target forging area, and send the pressure control instruction to a control panel to perform graded pressure control of the punching plate on the workpiece.

[0035] The present invention generates a pressure control instruction of the press punch regarding the target forging area based on the phase change characteristics of the material, obtains a dynamic strategy of the stamping plate regarding pressure regulation, and sends the pressure control instruction to the control panel to execute the graded pressure control of the workpiece by the stamping plate, thereby achieving a coordinated match between the forging pressure and the material phase change process, and improving the uniformity of the forging structure, wherein the pressure control instruction is a combined control instruction of the press punch regarding the target forging area, including parameters such as graded pressure threshold, holding time, and pressure increase rate (used to drive the servo system to dynamically adjust the stamping pressure according to the phase change stage), and the pressure graded control is based on the thermal stress release rate at different stages of the material phase change. , the degree of influence of latent heat of phase change, the forging extrusion pressure is divided into a segmented control logic of a low-pressure zone in the preheating stage (such as 50-80MPa), a medium-pressure zone in the phase change stage (80-120MPa), and a high-pressure zone in the crystallization stage (120-180MPa); further, based on the phase change characteristics of the material, by constructing a phase change-pressure coupling model and inputting parameters such as phase change activation energy and phase change rate, the pressure control instruction of the press punch regarding the target forging area is generated; and the pressure control instruction is sent to the control panel to drive the servo system to automatically match the graded pressure threshold (such as 50-180MPa) and the holding time according to the phase change stage (preheating, phase change, crystallization) to execute the graded pressure control of the stamping plate on the workpiece.

[0036] S3. Real-time monitoring of the actual deformation rate of the target forging area during the pressure graded control process, calculating the optimal stamping speed of the stamping plate based on the actual deformation rate, and using the stamping plate to forge the workpiece according to the optimal stamping speed to obtain a forged workpiece.

[0037] The present invention calculates the optimal stamping speed of the stamping plate based on the actual deformation rate, thereby dynamically adapting the flow characteristics of the material in different phase change stages, avoiding defects such as cracks and folds caused by abnormal deformation rate in real time, and reducing die wear while improving the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of forgings. The actual deformation rate is the ratio of the material deformation displacement of the target forging area during the pressure grading control process to the corresponding time, which is used to characterize the real-time deformation speed of the material under the action of the forging pressure. Furthermore, the actual deformation rate of the target forging area during the pressure grading control process can be monitored in real time by non-contact digital image correlation (DIC) technology or a laser displacement sensor array.

[0038] As an embodiment of the present invention, the calculating the optimal stamping speed of the stamping plate based on the actual deformation rate includes: Recording the average temperature and initial thickness of the workpiece in the target forging area during the pressure graded control process, and querying the expected thickness of the workpiece; The optimal stamping speed of the stamping plate is calculated by combining the actual deformation rate, the average temperature of the workpiece, the initial thickness of the workpiece, and the expected thickness of the workpiece using the following formula:

[0039] Among them, V represents the optimal punching speed of the punching plate, represents the actual deformation rate, Indicates the initial thickness of the workpiece, represents the expected thickness of the workpiece, B represents the activation energy of thermal deformation, D represents the gas constant, and E represents the average temperature of the workpiece. Indicates the equipment correction factor.

[0040] Among them, the thermal deformation activation energy is the minimum energy threshold that needs to be overcome when the atomic / dislocation microstructure of the workpiece material undergoes plastic deformation (an intrinsic parameter reflecting the ease of thermal deformation of the material), which determines the deformation response rate of the material at a specific temperature. The gas constant is a universal constant in thermodynamics that relates physical quantities such as energy, temperature, and amount of matter, with a value of approximately 8.314 J / (mol·K). The equipment correction factor is a dimensionless factor calibrated based on the dynamic performance of the press (such as response lag, pressure fluctuation, rigidity difference, etc.). It is used to correct the deviation between theoretical calculations and actual working conditions of the equipment, so that the optimal stamping speed adapts to the hardware capabilities of the production line. Furthermore, the thermal deformation activation energy is obtained by fitting the rheological stress curves under different temperature-strain rates through thermal simulation compression tests (such as Gleeble thermal simulator), and combining the inversion calculation of the Arrhenius equation; the equipment correction coefficient is obtained by comparing the deviation between the theoretical ideal working conditions and the actual output of the equipment through dynamic performance tests of the press (such as no-load / load response tests, pressure fluctuation collection), and statistical fitting.

[0041] According to the optimal punching speed, the present invention utilizes the punching plate to perform forging and extruding processing on the workpiece to obtain a forged and extruded workpiece, thereby accurately controlling the forming size and microstructure uniformity of the workpiece.

[0042] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-station forging press, comprising a forging press device (1), characterized in that: The forging press device (1) comprises a forging press body (11), a protective fence (17) is provided on the forging press body (11), and a punching mechanism (2) and an automatic unloading mechanism (3) are provided on the protective fence (17); The automatic unloading mechanism (3) includes a support plate (31), the support plate (31) is fixedly mounted on the protective fence (17), a motor cover (33) is fixedly mounted on the support plate (31), a servo motor (34) is provided inside the motor cover (33), a group of mounting shafts (35) are rotatably mounted on the support plate (31), a driving gear (36) and a driven gear (37) are fixedly provided on the mounting shafts (35), an output end of the servo motor (34) is fixedly connected to the driving gear (36), and the outer surfaces of the driving gear (36) and the driven gear (37) are meshedly connected to a transmission chain (38), a transmission rod (39) is slidably provided on the support plate (31), one end of the transmission rod (39) close to the servo motor (34) is fixedly connected to the transmission chain (38), and the other end is fixedly connected to the unloading plate (311).

2. A multi-station forging press according to claim 1, characterized in that: A main working table (12) is provided on the forging press body (11), a rotary working table (14) is rotatably provided on the main working table (12), and a plurality of stamping base plates (15) are provided on the rotary working table (14).

3. A multi-station forging press according to claim 2, characterized in that: A material guide plate (16) is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the stamping bottom plate (15), and the material guide plate (16) is designed as an inclined structure. An emergency control button (13) is provided on the main workbench (12).

4. A multi-station forging press according to claim 1, characterized in that: The punching mechanism (2) comprises a press body (21), a control panel (22) is provided on the press body (21), a punching hydraulic rod (23) is provided on the press body (21), and a punching plate (24) is fixedly mounted on one end of the punching hydraulic rod (23) close to the rotary worktable (14).

5. A multi-station forging press according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control panel (22) is electrically connected to the stamping hydraulic rod (23), and the stamping plate (24) is located directly above the stamping bottom plate (15) away from the emergency control button (13).

6. A multi-station forging press according to claim 2, characterized in that: A guide groove (313) is provided on the support plate (31), the transmission rod (39) is used in conjunction with the guide groove (313), a rubber pad (312) is provided on the blanking plate (311), and a collection box (32) is provided on one side of the main workbench (12).

7. A method for controlling warm and cold precision forging and extrusion of a multi-station forging and punching press, wherein the method is executed by the multi-station forging and punching press according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method comprises: Collecting workpiece temperature distribution data on the forging station, extracting temperature gradient information and material phase change characteristics from the temperature distribution data, and generating a dynamic temperature thermodynamic map of the workpiece surface based on the regional temperature gradient information to plan a target forging area of ​​the workpiece; generating a pressure control instruction for the punch of the press machine with respect to the target forging area based on the phase change characteristics of the material, and sending the pressure control instruction to a control panel to execute graded pressure control of the punch plate on the workpiece; The actual deformation rate of the target forging area during the pressure graded control process is monitored in real time, the optimal stamping speed of the stamping plate is calculated based on the actual deformation rate, and the workpiece is forged and extruded using the stamping plate according to the optimal stamping speed to obtain a forged and extruded workpiece.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The extracting of temperature gradient information and material phase change characteristics from the temperature distribution data includes: Normalizing the temperature distribution data to obtain standard temperature data; Performing spatial interpolation processing on the standard temperature data to obtain a precise temperature field; Calculating the temperature gradient vector of each point in the precise temperature field, and generating temperature gradient information based on the temperature gradient vector; Performing cluster analysis on the temperature gradient information to obtain cluster gradient information, and analyzing the abnormal temperature gradient area of ​​the workpiece based on the cluster gradient information; Combining the temperature distribution data with a preset material phase change database, identifying potential phase change temperature regions in the temperature gradient abnormal region; Performing a time series analysis on the potential phase change temperature region to obtain a regional temperature change trend; Based on the regional temperature change trend, the material phase change characteristics of the temperature distribution data are analyzed.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that Based on the regional temperature gradient information, a dynamic temperature thermodynamic map of the workpiece surface is generated to plan a target forging area of ​​the workpiece, further comprising: Performing multi-scale segmentation on the dynamic temperature thermodynamic map to obtain temperature gradient characteristic regions; Performing regional screening on the temperature gradient characteristic region to obtain a high-temperature softening zone; Extracting regional pixels of the high-temperature softening zone, and calculating the area ratio and the number of connected branches of the high-temperature softening zone based on the regional pixels; Determining the surface forging parameters corresponding to the workpiece based on the area ratio and the number of connected branches; generating a forging planning path for the workpiece based on the surface forging parameters; Analyzing the geometric constraints of the workpiece, performing collision detection on the forging planning path and the geometric constraints, and obtaining a collision detection result; Based on the collision detection result, the forging and extrusion planning path is corrected to obtain a corrected forging and extrusion planning path; Based on the modified forging planning path, a target forging area of ​​the workpiece is determined.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The calculating the optimal stamping speed of the stamping plate based on the actual deformation rate includes: Recording the average temperature and initial thickness of the workpiece in the target forging area during the pressure graded control process, and querying the expected thickness of the workpiece; The optimal stamping speed of the stamping plate is calculated by combining the actual deformation rate, the average temperature of the workpiece, the initial thickness of the workpiece, and the expected thickness of the workpiece using the following formula: Among them, V represents the optimal punching speed of the punching plate, represents the actual deformation rate, Indicates the initial thickness of the workpiece, represents the expected thickness of the workpiece, B represents the activation energy of thermal deformation, D represents the gas constant, and E represents the average temperature of the workpiece. Indicates the equipment correction factor.

Images