Breeding method of three-river cattle and special feed thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a three-river cattle breeding method and a special feed thereof, and belongs to the technical field of animal breeding. The special feed for the Sanhee cattle comprises the following components in parts by mass: 28-32 parts of soybean meal, 35-45 parts of corn flour, 40-50 parts of fermented trifolium repens, 10-15 parts of wheat bran, 0.5-1 part of table salt, 1-2 parts of dicalcium phosphate and 0.2-0.6 part of mineral substances and vitamins. The fermented trifolium repens is prepared by mixed fermentation of lactobacillus salivarius and neurospora crassa. The corn straw is used as coarse feed, the special feed for the three-river cattle is used as concentrated feed for feeding the three-river cattle, the requirement of the three-river cattle in the lactation period for nutrition can be met, and the milk yield and the milk quality of the three-river cattle are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of animal breeding, in particular to a breeding method for Sanhe cattle and a special feed thereof. Background Art

[0002] Sanhe cattle are a dual-purpose dairy and meat breed bred through a complex crossbreeding of over a dozen breeds, including Simmental, Transbaikal, and Siberian cattle. Their coat color is primarily red, yellow, and white. They are characterized by tolerance to roughage, high cold temperatures, strong disease resistance, stable genetics, and a high milk fat and dry matter ratio. From birth to the rearing period, the growth of dairy cattle is primarily focused on the trunk. Mammary gland development begins at three months of age, accelerating after six months of age and showing a positive correlation with the nutritional level of the diet. Currently, the most common rearing methods for Sanhe dairy cattle include confinement, grazing combined with confinement, and free-range. The milk production performance of dairy cows varies under different rearing conditions. This is because the amount of exercise, living environment, feed intake, nutrients obtained, and ingredient content of dairy cows vary under different rearing methods, which to some extent affects milk production and quality.

[0003] Nutrients in the diet directly affect the health and milk production of dairy cows. Dietary nutrients primarily include carbohydrates, crude fiber, crude fat, energy, protein, and vitamins. Excessive amounts of concentrated feed in dairy cows' diets can lead to high-propionic acid fermentation in the rumen. While this can increase milk production to a certain extent, it significantly reduces the milk fat content, resulting in a decrease in milk quality. The crude fiber content in the diet is correlated with milk quality; under certain conditions, the crude fiber content is positively correlated with the milk fat content, thereby improving milk quality. A moderate amount of fat can both increase milk production and promote milk fat production. However, excessive fat levels can lead to excessive unsaturated fatty acids that combine with hydrogen ions to form propionic acid, which in turn reduces milk fat content. Lower energy levels can reduce milk protein concentration, but higher energy levels generally do not increase milk protein.

[0004] Milk production performance is the most intuitive manifestation of the economic value of dairy cows. While supplying milk to meet the milk production and daily body needs of dairy cows in the middle and late lactation periods, it is necessary to reduce the cost of daily rations as much as possible and increase milk production and quality, so as to maximize the economic benefits of livestock farms. However, at present, the dairy cow feed industry is not yet mature, and dairy cow feed still mainly relies on concentrate, crop straw and natural pasture. The main source of energy feed in dairy cow concentrate is corn, and there is a large gap in the supply of corn in livestock and poultry production needs. The existing dairy cow feed consists of a relatively simple coarse feed and concentrate, which cannot supplement sufficient nutrients for Sanhe cattle in the lactation period. Its milk production and milk quality cannot meet market demand. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a special feed and feeding method to improve the milk production and milk quality of Sanhe cattle in the lactation period, so as to improve the milk production and milk quality of Sanhe cattle. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a Sanhe cattle breeding method and special feed thereof to solve the above problems.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The invention provides a special feed for Sanhe cattle, comprising the following components in parts by mass: 28-32 parts of soybean meal, 35-45 parts of corn flour, 40-50 parts of fermented white clover, 10-15 parts of wheat bran, 0.5-1 part of salt, 1-2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, and 0.2-0.6 parts of minerals and vitamins; the fermented white clover is prepared by mixed fermentation of Lactobacillus salivarius and Neurospora crassa.

[0008] Preferably, the preparation of the fermented white clover comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) drying and crushing white clover to obtain white clover powder;

[0010] (2) mixing white clover powder, corn flour, and fermentation liquid, and adding water to a water content of 25 to 30 wt % to obtain a premix;

[0011] (3) Fermenting the premix at 25-30° C. for 48-72 hours to obtain the Sanhe cattle feed.

[0012] Preferably, the mass ratio of the white clover powder, corn flour and fermentation bacteria liquid is 500:40-60:2.5-5.

[0013] Preferably, the fermentation broth is prepared by mixing Lactobacillus salivarius and Neurospora crassa at a volume ratio of 1:2-3, and the effective viable counts in the Lactobacillus salivarius and Neurospora crassa are independently 4-6×10 9 CFU / L.

[0014] Preferably, the minerals and vitamins are a mixture composed of the following raw materials in weight percentage: 1-3% copper sulfate pentahydrate, 12-20% ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 10-15% manganese sulfate monohydrate, 8-16% zinc sulfate monohydrate, 1-5% potassium iodide, 1-3% vitamin A, 0.4-0.6% vitamin D3, 7-10% vitamin E and 5-8% niacin, with the balance being zeolite powder.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for raising Sanhe cattle, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1. Build and disinfect the cattle shed;

[0017] S2. Sanhe cattle are disinfected, vaccinated, and brought into the cattle shed;

[0018] S3. Feed three times a day, first feed corn stalks, then feed the Sanhe cattle special feed, feed once at 6-8 am, feed once at 12-14 pm, and feed once at 6-20 pm. After feeding, provide clean water for them to drink.

[0019] Preferably, the vaccines administered include mastitis vaccine, foot-and-mouth disease vaccine, and influenza vaccine.

[0020] Preferably, the feeding amount of corn straw each time is 3.2-3.6% of the cattle's body weight, and the feeding amount of the Sanhe cattle special feed each time is 1.8-2.2% of the cattle's body weight.

[0021] Preferably, the height of the cattle shed is 1.4 to 1.6 m, and each cow occupies 3 to 5 m 2 .

[0022] Preferably, during non-feeding time, the Sanhe cattle are driven out of the cowshed for grazing, and the time for the Sanhe cattle to graze outside the cowshed is 2 to 3 hours per day.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The present invention uses the green manure plant white clover as a fermentation raw material, degrades the cellulose, lignin and anti-nutritional factors in the white clover plant through the synergistic fermentation of Lactobacillus salivarius and Neurospora crassa, and mixes the fermented white clover with nutrients such as soybean meal, corn flour, wheat bran, salt, calcium hydrogen phosphate, minerals and vitamins, thereby meeting the nutritional needs of Sanhe cattle in the lactation period, effectively improving the milk production and milk quality of Sanhe cattle, increasing the source of feed raw materials and reducing raw material costs.

[0025] 2. The synergistic fermentation of Lactobacillus salivarius and Neurospora crassa of the present invention reduces the content of anti-nutritional components such as white clover lignocellulose, tannins, and phytic acid, thereby improving the palatability and nutritional value of the feed, contributing to the improvement of production performance, and playing an important role in promoting growth, converting feed, and improving the body's immunity. It also increases the nutritional components and biological efficacy components in white clover, contributing to the improvement of milk production and milk quality of Sanhe cattle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Lactobacillus salivarius in the examples of the present invention was purchased from the China General Microorganism Culture Collection Center with a deposit number of CGMCC No. 20700; Neurospora crassa was purchased from the China General Microorganism Culture Collection Center with a deposit number of CGMCC No. 40194.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A feed specifically designed for Sanhe cattle is provided, comprising the following components: 280kg of soybean meal, 350kg of corn flour, 400kg of fermented white clover, 100kg of wheat bran, 5kg of salt, 10kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, and 2kg of minerals and vitamins. The fermented white clover is fermented by mixed cultures of Lactobacillus salivarius and Neurospora crassa. The minerals and vitamins are a mixture of the following raw materials in the following weight percentages: 1% copper sulfate pentahydrate, 12% ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 10% manganese sulfate monohydrate, 8% zinc sulfate monohydrate, 1% potassium iodide, 1% vitamin A, 0.4% vitamin D3, 7% vitamin E, and 5% niacin, with the remainder being zeolite powder.

[0030] The preparation steps of fermented white clover are as follows: drying and crushing white clover to obtain white clover powder, mixing the white clover powder, corn flour, and fermentation liquid, and adding water to a moisture content of 25wt% to obtain a premix; the mass ratio of white clover powder, corn flour, and fermentation liquid is 500:40:2.5. The fermentation liquid is prepared by mixing Lactobacillus salivarius liquid and Neurospora crassa liquid in a volume ratio of 1:2, and the effective viable count of Lactobacillus salivarius liquid and Neurospora crassa liquid is 4×10 9 The premix was fermented at 25° C. for 72 hours and dried at 50° C. until the moisture content was ≤8%, thereby obtaining the Sanhe cattle feed.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] A feed specifically designed for Sanhe cattle is provided, comprising the following components: 300kg of soybean meal, 400kg of corn flour, 450kg of fermented white clover, 120kg of wheat bran, 8kg of salt, 15kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, and 4kg of minerals and vitamins. The fermented white clover is fermented by a mixture of Lactobacillus salivarius and Neurospora crassa. The minerals and vitamins are a mixture of the following raw materials in the following weight percentages: 2% copper sulfate pentahydrate, 16% ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 13% manganese sulfate monohydrate, 12% zinc sulfate monohydrate, 3% potassium iodide, 2% vitamin A, 30.5% vitamin D, 9% vitamin E, and 6% niacin, with the remainder being zeolite powder.

[0033] The preparation steps of fermented white clover are as follows: drying and crushing white clover to obtain white clover powder, mixing the white clover powder, corn flour and fermentation liquid, and adding water to a moisture content of 28wt% to obtain a premix; the mass ratio of white clover powder, corn flour and fermentation liquid is 500:50:3.5. The fermentation liquid is prepared by mixing Lactobacillus salivarius liquid and Neurospora crassa liquid in a volume ratio of 1:2.5, and the effective viable count of Lactobacillus salivarius liquid and Neurospora crassa liquid is 5×10 9 The premix was fermented at 28° C. for 64 hours and dried at 50° C. until the moisture content was ≤8%, thereby obtaining the Sanhe cattle feed.

[0034] Example 3

[0035] A feed specifically designed for Sanhe cattle is provided, comprising the following components: 320kg of soybean meal, 450kg of corn flour, 500kg of fermented white clover, 150kg of wheat bran, 10kg of salt, 20kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate, and 6kg of minerals and vitamins. The fermented white clover is fermented by a mixture of Lactobacillus salivarius and Neurospora crassa. The minerals and vitamins are a mixture of the following raw materials in the following weight percentages: 3% copper sulfate pentahydrate, 20% ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 15% manganese sulfate monohydrate, 16% zinc sulfate monohydrate, 5% potassium iodide, 3% vitamin A, 30.6% vitamin D, 10% vitamin E, and 8% niacin, with the remainder being zeolite powder.

[0036] The preparation steps of fermented white clover are as follows: drying and crushing white clover to obtain white clover powder, mixing the white clover powder, corn flour and fermentation liquid, and adding water to a moisture content of 30wt% to obtain a premix; the mass ratio of white clover powder, corn flour and fermentation liquid is 500:60:5. The fermentation liquid is prepared by mixing Lactobacillus salivarius liquid and Neurospora crassa liquid in a volume ratio of 1:3, and the effective viable count of Lactobacillus salivarius liquid and Neurospora crassa liquid is 6×10 9 The premix is ​​fermented at 30° C. for 48 hours and dried at 50° C. until the moisture content is ≤8%, thereby obtaining the Sanhe cattle feed.

[0037] Comparative Example 1

[0038] The difference from Example 1 is that white clover was not added.

[0039] Comparative Example 2

[0040] The difference from Example 1 is that unfermented white clover is used.

[0041] Comparative Example 3

[0042] The difference from Example 1 is that Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used instead of Lactobacillus salivarius.

[0043] Comparative Example 4

[0044] The difference from Example 1 is that Lactobacillus acidophilus was used instead of Neurospora crassa.

[0045] Comparative Example 5

[0046] The difference from Example 1 is that the volume ratio of the Lactobacillus salivarius culture liquid to the Neurospora crassa culture liquid in the fermentation culture liquid is 1:2.

[0047] Test Example 1

[0048] 800 high-yield Sanhe cattle of the same breed, weight, parity and milk production time were selected and randomly divided into 8 groups for daily feeding. The feeding method is: feeding 3 times a day, feeding once at 7 am, feeding once at 12 noon, and feeding once at 18 pm. After feeding, clean water is provided for drinking. First, corn straw is fed, and then the Sanhe cattle special feed of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 are fed respectively. The feeding amount of corn straw is 3.5% of the cattle body weight, and the feeding amount of Sanhe cattle special feed is 2%. The cattle pen of the cowshed is 1.5m high, and each cow occupies 5m 2 All Sanhe cattle were vaccinated against mastitis, foot-and-mouth disease, and epidemic fever. The barns were regularly disinfected to ensure that the environment and epidemic prevention standards met. During off-feeding hours, the Sanhe cattle were allowed to graze for three hours daily. After two weeks of feeding, average daily milk production and quality were continuously measured. The pass rate was determined according to the National Food Safety Standard for Raw Milk (GB 19301-2010). The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0049] Table 1 Average daily milk production of Sanhe cattle in each group

[0050] Group Week 3 (kg / head) Week 4 (kg / head) Week 5 (kg / head) Example 1 23.58±0.78 24.13±0.57 24.75±0.60 Example 2 23.65±0.52 24.27±0.68 24.80±0.62 Example 3 23.60±0.69 24.25±0.71 24.81±0.55 Comparative Example 1 20.79±0.45 20.58±0.57 20.11±0.50 Comparative Example 2 21.36±0.61 20.97±0.66 20.82±0.75 Comparative Example 3 22.18±0.70 22.45±0.62 22.89±0.52 Comparative Example 4 22.57±0.62 22.89±0.71 23.22±0.64 Comparative Example 5 22.83±0.55 23.19±0.68 23.63±0.63

[0051] As shown in Table 1, the average daily milk production of the Sanhe cattle in the embodiment of the present invention was significantly improved compared to the comparative example, and showed an increasing trend. As shown in Comparative Examples 1 to 5, when no white clover was added to the Sanhe cattle feed, when unfermented white clover was added, when the fermentation bacteria were replaced, or when the volume ratio of the Lactobacillus salivarius and Neurospora crassa cultures in the fermentation broth was adjusted, the average daily milk production of the Sanhe cattle was lower than that in the embodiment.

[0052] Table 2 Milk quality of different groups

[0053]

[0054] As shown in Table 2, the protein, fat and non-fat milk solids contents of the milk products produced by Sanhe cattle in the embodiment of the present invention are better than those of the comparative example, and the unqualified rate of milk quality is much lower than that of the comparative example.

[0055] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a method for raising Sanhe cattle and a special feed thereof. The special feed for Sanhe cattle of the present invention can effectively improve the milk production and milk quality of Sanhe cattle.

[0056] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special feed for Sanhe cattle, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 28-32 parts of soybean meal, 35-45 parts of corn flour, 40-50 parts of fermented white clover, 10-15 parts of wheat bran, 0.5-1 part of salt, 1-2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, and 0.2-0.6 parts of minerals and vitamins; the fermented white clover is prepared by mixed fermentation of Lactobacillus salivarius and Neurospora crassa.

2. The Sanhe cattle special feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation of the fermented white clover comprises the following steps: (1) drying and crushing white clover to obtain white clover powder; (2) mixing white clover powder, corn flour, and fermentation liquid, and adding water to a water content of 25 to 30 wt % to obtain a premix; (3) Fermenting the premix at 25-30° C. for 48-72 hours to obtain the Sanhe cattle feed.

3. The Sanhe cattle special feed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the white clover powder, corn flour and fermentation bacteria liquid is 500:40-60:2.5-5.

4. The Sanhe cattle special feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fermentation liquid is prepared by mixing Lactobacillus salivarius liquid and Neurospora crassa liquid in a volume ratio of 1:2-3, and the effective viable bacteria counts in the Lactobacillus salivarius liquid and Neurospora crassa liquid are independently 4-6×10 9 CFU / L.

5. The Sanhe cattle special feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The minerals and vitamins are a mixture composed of the following raw materials in weight percentage: 1-3% copper sulfate pentahydrate, 12-20% ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 10-15% manganese sulfate monohydrate, 8-16% zinc sulfate monohydrate, 1-5% potassium iodide, 1-3% vitamin A, 0.4-0.6% vitamin D3, 7-10% vitamin E and 5-8% niacin, with the balance being zeolite powder.

6. A method for raising Sanhe cattle, characterized in that: Here are the steps: S1. Build and disinfect the cattle shed; S2. Sanhe cattle are disinfected, vaccinated, and brought into the cattle shed; S3. Feed three times a day, first feed corn stalks, then feed the Sanhe cattle special feed according to claim 1, feed once at 6-8 am, once at 12-14 pm, and once at 6-20 pm, and provide clean water for drinking after feeding.

7. The breeding method according to claim 6, characterized in that The vaccines administered include mastitis vaccine, foot-and-mouth disease vaccine, and influenza vaccine.

8. The breeding method according to claim 7, characterized in that The feeding amount of corn straw each time is 3.2-3.6% of the cattle's body weight, and the feeding amount of the Sanhe cattle special feed each time is 1.8-2.2% of the cattle's body weight.

9. The breeding method according to claim 8, characterized in that The height of the cattle shed is 1.4 to 1.6 meters, and each cow occupies 3 to 5 meters. 2 .

10. The breeding method according to claim 6, characterized in that During non-feeding time, the Sanhe cattle are driven out of the cowshed for grazing. The time that the Sanhe cattle spend away from the cowshed for grazing is 2 to 3 hours every day.

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