Monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer for preventing diseases and insect pests and preparation method of monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer

Abstract

The invention provides a monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer capable of preventing diseases and insect pests and a preparation method of the monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer. The composite silicon fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20-40% of a silicon monosilicate fertilizer, 0.5-5% of an anti-blocking agent, 2-10% of a synergist, 0.5-5% of a slow release agent, 1-5% of a functional aid and 50-70% of water, wherein the weight percentage of the components is 100%. The composite silicon fertilizer prepared by the invention is applied to growth of wheat and Chinese rose, can prevent diseases and insect pests, improve self resistance, further reduce invasion of germs, reduce diseased leaf rate, enhance absorption of crops or plant root systems to nutritional ingredients, improve resistance, support performance and stability, and is more beneficial to environment adaptation and healthy growth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular relates to a monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer for preventing pests and diseases and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Silicon is an essential element for the growth and development of crops and plants, playing a vital role in enhancing crop resistance, promoting plant growth and development, and improving nutritional quality. Common silicon fertilizers used in production fall into two main categories: water-soluble silicon fertilizers and citrate-soluble silicon fertilizers. Compared to citrate-soluble silicon fertilizers, water-soluble silicon fertilizers offer advantages such as high absorption efficiency, improved compound compatibility, and a simpler preparation process. Consequently, they have rapidly developed and become a core technology for silicon fertilizer production.

[0003] Soluble silicon fertilizer is a water-soluble, high-efficiency fertilizer made through modern processing, with monosilicic acid or silicate as its main active ingredient. Compared to traditional fertilizers, its core breakthrough lies in overcoming the technical bottleneck of silicon's insolubility in water under normal conditions. This allows silicon to exist in an active form that plants can directly absorb. Through compounding technology, it can also be scientifically combined with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements to form a synergistic and effective mechanism.

[0004] In the prior art, silicate materials are still the most commonly used materials for the preparation of compound silicon fertilizers. However, due to their general solubility and slow release of fertilizer effect, the amount of silicon absorbed by plants is limited, making them unsuitable for use as base fertilizers and having less functionality.

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, how to provide a composite silicon fertilizer with good solubility, high silicon fertilizer efficiency and strong functionality is a problem to be solved urgently by the present invention. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer for preventing pests and diseases and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer for preventing pests and diseases and a preparation method thereof. The composite silicon fertilizer comprises the following components in weight percentages, based on 100% by weight: 20-40% monosilicic acid silicon fertilizer, 0.5-5% anti-caking agent, 2-10% synergist, 0.5-5% slow-release agent, 1-5% functional additive, and 50-70% water;

[0008] The functional auxiliary agent is brown algae oligosaccharide modified silicon dioxide.

[0009] As a further improvement, the synthesis of the brown algae oligosaccharide-modified silica comprises the following steps:

[0010] (1) dissolving a surfactant in deionized water to obtain solution 1; dissolving brown algae oligosaccharide in deionized water to obtain solution 2; placing solution 1 and solution 2 in a flask and heating to 50-70° C., stirring and mixing;

[0011] (2) Tetraethyl silicate is added to deionized water, and stirred at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution, and then the mixed solution is added dropwise to step (1), and then an organic base solution is added dropwise to carry out stirring reaction. After the reaction is completed, post-treatment is performed to obtain brown algae oligosaccharide-modified silica.

[0012] As a further improvement, the surfactant is cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.

[0013] As a further improvement, the particle size of the brown algae oligosaccharide-modified silica is 100-200 nm.

[0014] As a further improvement, the silicon content in the monosilicate silicon fertilizer is 15%-50%.

[0015] As a further improvement, the added amount of the functional additive is 10-25% of the added amount of the monosilicate silicon fertilizer.

[0016] As a further improvement, the added amount of the surfactant is 30-70% of the added amount of brown algae oligosaccharide.

[0017] As a further improvement, the anti-caking agent is at least one of sodium lignin sulfonate, calcium stearate, and sodium hexametaphosphate.

[0018] In order to better disperse the composite silicon fertilizer in the solution and achieve a better anti-caking effect, preferably, the anti-caking agent is sodium lignin sulfonate.

[0019] As a further improvement, the synergist is at least one of potassium humate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and urea.

[0020] As a further improvement, the sustained-release agent is at least one of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium gluconate.

[0021] In order to ensure that the application of compound silicon fertilizer to crops does not affect physiological balance disorders, preferably, the slow-release agent is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0022] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer for preventing pests and diseases, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0023] According to the weight percentage, monosilicic acid silicon fertilizer, anti-caking agent and functional additive are stirred and dispersed in water, and then the synergist and slow-release agent are added and the stirring and mixing are continued for 30-60 minutes to obtain monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer for preventing diseases and insect pests.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The present invention provides a disease and pest prevention monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. When applied to wheat growth, the fertilizer can have higher stem compressive strength, better center of gravity height, single stem fresh weight, and lower lodging resistance index, and can reduce the rate of wheat stripe rust diseased leaves. When applied to rose growth, the fertilizer can promote root absorption of nutrients, further promote stem height growth, and reduce the rate of rose black spot diseased leaves.

[0026] In the composite silicon fertilizer prepared by the present invention, the silicon dioxide modified by brown algae oligosaccharide can prevent pests and diseases, improve the resistance of crops or plants, reduce the invasion of pathogens, and reduce the diseased leaf rate. When combined with monosilicate silicon fertilizer and synergist, it can further enhance the absorption of nutrients by crop roots, improve resistance, support and stability, and be more conducive to adapting to the environment and healthy growth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention will be described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Other combinations and various modifications within the scope of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

[0028] In the following examples, except for brown algae oligosaccharide-modified silica, the remaining compound monomers and related reagents used can be purchased from the market. Among them, monosilicic acid silicon fertilizer was purchased from Hengshui Gemei Trace Elements Co., Ltd., and the model was acidic water-soluble silicon fertilizer; brown algae oligosaccharide was purchased from Xi'an Muguo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the product number was MG-22021601; Fenghua rose was purchased from Suqian Weidun Landscaping Co., Ltd.; nitrogen fertilizer was purchased from Shandong Bihu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the product number was 55; commercially available compound fertilizer was purchased from Jinan Xinyuxuan Chemical Co., Ltd., and the name was industrial grade Dilisu; and propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate was purchased from Zibo Meishou Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., and the model was Xiu Te-15 mL.

[0029] The synthesis of brown algae oligosaccharide modified silica includes the following steps:

[0030] (1) Dissolve 1.09 g of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide in 100 mL of deionized water to obtain solution 1; dissolve 1.80 g of brown algae oligosaccharide in 50 mL of deionized water to obtain solution 2; place solution 1 and solution 2 in a flask and heat to 70°C, stirring and mixing for 5 minutes;

[0031] (2) 20 mL of tetraethyl silicate was added to 5 mL of deionized water, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 min to obtain a mixed solution. The mixed solution was then added dropwise to the mixed solution in step (1), and 5 mL of triethanolamine was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 4 h. After the reaction was completed, the flask was allowed to stand at room temperature for 10 h, and then centrifuged at 5000 rpm. The obtained solid was washed with ethanol and deionized water respectively, and finally dried in vacuo at 60°C to obtain brown algae oligosaccharide-modified silica. The brown algae oligosaccharide-modified silica was ground and sieved to obtain brown algae oligosaccharide-modified silica with a particle size of 200 nm.

[0032] The preparation methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 comprise the following steps:

[0033] According to the weight percentage, monosilicic acid silicon fertilizer, anti-caking agent and functional additive are stirred and dispersed in water, and then the synergist and slow-release agent are added and the stirring and mixing are continued for 40 minutes to obtain monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer for preventing diseases and insect pests.

[0034] The components and contents used in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 are shown in Table 1 below:

[0035] Table 1

[0036]

[0037]

[0038] Test 1: A growth test was conducted on wheat using the compound silicon fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2. The specific test method is as follows:

[0039] Test was carried out in a town in Xishan District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province. The wheat variety planted was Yangmai 33, with a planting area of ​​6 mu and a planting density of 170,000 plants / mu. Six test plots were randomly divided into six plots, each of which was maintained normally. Five of the plots were respectively applied with 10 kg / mu of the compound silicon fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 to the root soil two weeks before the jointing stage of wheat, and the leaves were sprayed with a mixture of 25 mL of propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate and 15 L of water. Another plot was only sprayed with a mixture of 25 mL of propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate and 15 L of water as control group 1.

[0040] Twenty wheat plants were randomly selected from each experimental plot for testing. At the mid-grain filling stage, the compressive strength of the wheat stems in each plot was randomly measured using a plant lodging resistance tester (Zhejiang Top Instruments YYD-1A Portable Plant Lodging Resistance Tester). The roots of the randomly selected wheat plants were immersed in water, and the tillering stems were removed, leaving only a uniform main stem sample. The center of gravity height and single stem fresh weight were recorded, and the lodging resistance index was calculated: lodging resistance index = stem compressive strength / (center of gravity height × single stem fresh weight).

[0041] Stripe rust diseased leaf rate: 5 sampling points were selected in each acre of land using the diagonal method. 100 wheat plants were randomly selected at each sampling point, and 2 leaves from the same part of each plant were taken. Diseased leaf rate = (number of diseased leaves / number of leaves surveyed) × 100%;

[0042] The test results are shown in Table 2:

[0043] Table 2

[0044]

[0045] Test 2: The compound silicon fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 and commercially available compound fertilizers were used to perform growth tests on roses, and to perform stem height and black spot tests. The specific test methods are as follows:

[0046] The rose variety used in this experiment was the Floribunda rose. In March, potted culture was carried out in a sunny location in a greenhouse. First-year seedlings with strong growth and no diseases and insect pests were selected. Three main stems were retained and the stems were trimmed to 10 cm high. The flowers and leaves were removed and transplanted into a clay pot. After transplanting, water was fixed every 3 days (watering thoroughly). After 7 days, diluted nitrogen fertilizer was applied for the first time to promote the growth of new buds. After an interval of 10 days, diluted nitrogen fertilizer was applied for the second time. When the Floribunda rose sprouted new leaves, the diluted compound silicon fertilizer prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2, as well as commercially available compound fertilizer (control group 2), and clean water (control group 3) were used for cultivation (apply once a week, Each of Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-2, Control Group 1 and Control Group 2 randomly selected 5 transplanted potted plants for cultivation), and the rest of the time was still fixed every 3 days for watering; wherein, the preparation method of the diluted nitrogen fertilizer was: diluting the nitrogen fertilizer and water at a mass ratio of 1:800, and the drip irrigation application rate of the diluted nitrogen fertilizer was 200 mL / pot; the preparation method of the diluted composite silicon fertilizer obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 and the commercially available composite fertilizer (Control Group 2) was: diluting the composite silicon fertilizer or commercially available composite fertilizer obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 with water at a mass ratio of 1:100, and spraying 200 mL on the leaves of each pot;

[0047] For roses grown two months later, the stem height was measured with a tape measure and the percentage of black spot diseased leaves was calculated. Black spot diseased leaf percentage = (number of diseased leaves / total number of leaves) × 100%;

[0048] The test results are shown in Table 3:

[0049] Table 3

[0050]

[0051] From the test results of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 in Table 2, it can be seen that compared with the use of conventional anti-disease and pest control agents acephate as a functional adjuvant or only using brown algae oligosaccharides as a functional adjuvant to participate in the preparation of composite silicon fertilizers, the composite silicon fertilizer prepared by using brown algae oligosaccharide-modified silica as a functional adjuvant can have a higher stalk compressive strength when applied to the growth of wheat, and the center of gravity height and single stem fresh weight are also improved, thereby obtaining a lower lodging resistance index, and the data of Control Group 1 can illustrate that the application of the composite silicon fertilizer prepared by the present invention can make wheat have better resistance, which is beneficial to the growth and maturity of wheat, thereby obtaining a higher yield; it has a lower stripe rust diseased leaf rate, indicating that brown algae oligosaccharide-modified silica as a functional adjuvant can improve the resistance of wheat to diseases and insect pests, and prevent pathogens from infecting wheat leaves, sheaths or stems.

[0052] It can be seen from the test results of Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-2, and Control Groups 2-3 in Table 3 that the compound silicon fertilizer prepared by the present invention can be applied to the growth test of roses to promote the growth of stem height and reduce the rate of black spot diseased leaves of roses, indicating that the compound silicon fertilizer prepared by the present invention can enhance the photosynthesis of flower plants and regulate water balance, promote the absorption of nutrients by rhizomes, accelerate the growth rate, and spray the compound silicon fertilizer on the leaf surface can prevent the black spot fungus from invading the leaves, petioles, etc., and prevent the leaves from turning yellow and falling off, which affects flowering.

[0053] It can be seen from the test results of Examples 1-3 that the compound silicon fertilizer prepared by the preparation method provided by the present invention is applied to the growth test of crops and plants, and can obtain better resistance and prevention of pests and diseases, so that the root system of crops is developed, has good support and stability, and can prevent the invasion of pathogens, which is more conducive to the healthy growth of crops. In addition, from the comparison of the test results of Examples 1-2 and 3 in Tables 2-3, it can be seen that when the added mass ratio of the functional additive to the monosilicate silicon fertilizer is within an appropriate range, the obtained compound silicon fertilizer has a better effect on the prevention and control of pests and diseases, and the growth performance of crops is also better.

[0054] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention. Its purpose is to enable people familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it. It cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer for preventing pests and diseases, characterized in that: The composite silicon fertilizer comprises the following components in weight percentages based on 100% by weight: 20-40% of monosilicic acid silicon fertilizer, 0.5-5% of anti-caking agent, 2-10% of synergist, 0.5-5% of slow-release agent, 1-5% of functional additive, and 50-70% of water; The functional auxiliary agent is brown algae oligosaccharide modified silicon dioxide.

2. The monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer for preventing pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synthesis of the brown algae oligosaccharide modified silica comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving a surfactant in deionized water to obtain solution 1; dissolving brown algae oligosaccharide in deionized water to obtain solution 2; placing solution 1 and solution 2 in a flask and heating to 50-70° C., stirring and mixing; (2) Tetraethyl silicate is added to deionized water, and stirred at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution, and then the mixed solution is added dropwise to step (1), and then an organic base solution is added dropwise to carry out stirring reaction. After the reaction is completed, post-treatment is performed to obtain brown algae oligosaccharide-modified silica.

3. The monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer for preventing pests and diseases according to claim 2, characterized in that: The particle size of the brown algae oligosaccharide modified silica is 100-200 nm.

4. The monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer for preventing pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: The silicon content in the monosilicate silicon fertilizer is 15%-50%.

5. The monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer for preventing pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: The added amount of the functional additive is 10-25% of the added amount of the monosilicate silicon fertilizer.

6. The monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer for preventing pests and diseases according to claim 2, characterized in that: The added amount of the surfactant is 30-70% of the added amount of brown algae oligosaccharide.

7. The monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer for preventing pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-caking agent is at least one of sodium lignin sulfonate, calcium stearate, and sodium hexametaphosphate.

8. The monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer for preventing pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synergist is at least one of potassium humate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and urea.

9. The monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer for preventing pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sustained-release agent is at least one of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium gluconate.

10. The method for preparing a monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer for preventing pests and diseases according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: According to the weight percentage, monosilicic acid silicon fertilizer, anti-caking agent and functional additive are stirred and dispersed in water, and then the synergist and slow-release agent are added and the stirring and mixing are continued for 30-60 minutes to obtain monosilicic acid composite silicon fertilizer for preventing diseases and insect pests.

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