Electric heating device and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electric heating, and discloses an electric heating device and a preparation method thereof.The electric heating device comprises a first layered structure, a second layered structure and a third layered structure which are sequentially connected in the horizontal direction; cooperative heating of a plurality of functional areas can be effectively achieved. The third layered structure is provided with an electrode layer, and the electrode layer is connected with an external power supply, so that the first layered structure and the second layered structure are powered and heated, a first temperature zone is formed in the first layered structure, a second temperature zone is formed in the second layered structure, and the temperature of the first temperature zone is lower than or higher than that of the second temperature zone. According to the anti-icing and deicing requirements, the first temperature zone, the second temperature zone and the positions of the electrode layers can be set, so that the same material can meet the anti-icing and deicing requirements of different parts, the energy consumption is reduced, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electric heating technology, and in particular to an electric heating device and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Electric heating technology, based on the Joule heating principle, converts electrical energy into thermal energy for a variety of applications, including heating, defrosting, anti-icing, and de-icing. Traditional electric heating materials primarily use resistance wire, which generates heat through the flow of electric current. However, due to poor shape adaptability and low energy conversion efficiency, these materials have limitations in certain specific applications.

[0003] Graphene, a two-dimensional material composed of a single layer of carbon atoms, shows great potential in the field of electric heating due to its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity and high infrared radiation conversion efficiency. When a voltage is applied to the graphene material, the movement of electrons within the material causes microscopic vibrations of the carbon atoms, which release heat through infrared radiation, achieving efficient heating. In recent years, researchers have used chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology to uniformly grow continuous graphene on the surface of inorganic fiber fabrics, producing graphene inorganic fiber fabrics. This graphene-based fiber composite material not only inherits the electrical heating properties of graphene, but also, due to its uniform sheet resistance (square resistance), produces stable infrared radiation when a voltage is applied, rapidly increasing the surface temperature of the component, thus showing broad application prospects in the field of anti-icing and de-icing.

[0004] However, in practical applications, temperature requirements often differ between different areas. For example, in the aerospace field, aircraft wings are prone to ice formation. If electric de-icing is used, the leading edge of the wing typically requires a higher de-icing temperature than the wing surface. Using graphene composite fiber materials with uniform sheet resistance requires setting the overall heating temperature high enough, but this will cause excess heat to be generated in other areas of the wing, significantly increasing energy consumption. On the other hand, if materials with different heating temperatures are manufactured and assembled separately for different temperature requirements, the process becomes complex and manufacturing becomes more difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides an electric heating device and a preparation method thereof to solve the problem that the electric heating device in the prior art has low energy utilization efficiency and cannot form different temperature zones on the same material to meet the anti-icing and de-icing needs of different parts.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions of the present invention are as follows: In the first aspect, the present invention provides an electric heating device, comprising: a first layered structure, a second layered structure and a third layered structure connected in sequence along a horizontal direction; at least two third layered structures are provided, the first layered structure and the second layered structure are electrically connected, and the two third layered structures are respectively electrically connected to the two sides of the first layered structure, or respectively to the two sides of the second layered structure, or respectively to one side of the first layered structure and one side of the second layered structure; the third layered structure is provided with an electrode layer, and the electrode layer is connected to an external power source to be suitable for supplying power and heating to the second layered structure and the third layered structure, so as to form a first temperature zone in the first layered structure and a second temperature zone in the second layered structure, and the temperature of the first temperature zone is lower than the temperature of the second temperature zone.

[0007] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an electric heating device, comprising: a first layered structure and a second layered structure connected in sequence along a vertical direction; and at least two third layered structures arranged on the left and right sides of the first layered structure and the second layered structure along the vertical direction; the third layered structure is provided with an electrode layer, and the electrode layer is connected to an external power supply so as to be suitable for supplying power and heating to the first layered structure and the second layered structure, so as to form a first temperature zone in the first layered structure and a second temperature zone in the second layered structure, and the temperature of the first temperature zone is higher than the temperature of the second temperature zone.

[0008] It has the following advantages: The present invention provides an electric heating device that can effectively achieve coordinated heating of multiple functional areas through a combined structural design of a first layered structure, a second layered structure, and at least two third layered structures arranged in sequence. The third layered structure is provided with an electrode layer, which is connected to an external power source, thereby realizing power supply and heating of the first layered structure and the second layered structure, so that a first temperature zone is formed in the first layered structure and a second temperature zone is formed in the second layered structure, and the temperature of the first temperature zone is lower than or higher than the temperature of the second temperature zone. The present invention can set the first temperature zone, the second temperature zone, and the position of the electrode layer according to the needs of anti-icing and de-icing, so that the same material can meet the anti-icing and de-icing needs of different parts, reduce energy consumption, and improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first layered structure is formed by weaving first fiber monomers; the first fiber monomers sequentially include fiber monofilaments, graphene layers, and metal layers from the inside to the outside in radial direction; or the first fiber monomers sequentially include fiber monofilaments, graphene layers, and metal compound layers from the inside to the outside; The second layered structure is formed by weaving second fiber monomers, and the second fiber monomers include fiber monofilaments and graphene layers from the inside to the outside in the radial direction.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, multiple first layered structures are provided and / or multiple second layered structures are provided to form multiple first temperature zones and / or multiple second temperature zones; multiple first layered structures respectively correspond to the metal layers or the metal compound layers with multiple different thickness parameters, so that the multiple first temperature zones respectively correspond to multiple different temperature values; the temperature values ​​of multiple second temperature zones are equal.

[0011] The device has the following advantages: by providing multiple first and second layered structures, multiple first and second temperature zones can be combined to meet the anti-icing and de-icing needs of different locations. The temperature value of the first temperature zone is related to the thickness of the metal layer or metal compound layer. By changing the thickness of the metal layer or metal compound layer, the first temperature zone can be adjusted, thereby improving the versatility and applicability of the electric heating device.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the third layered structure includes an electrode layer and a conductive layer woven from third fiber monomers; the third fiber monomers include fiber filaments and graphene layers from the inside to the outside in the radial direction, and / or the third fiber monomers include fiber filaments, graphene layers and metal layers from the inside to the outside in the radial direction, and / or the third fiber monomers include fiber filaments, graphene layers and metal compound layers from the inside to the outside in the radial direction; the electrode layer is covered on the conductive layer, and the electrode layer has a strip-shaped structure.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the sheet resistance of the first layered structure Less than the square resistance of the second layered structure , and the square resistance ratio of the first layered structure and the second layered structure is It has a first range value. Within the first range value, the thicker the metal layer or the metal compound layer is, the smaller the sheet resistance of the first layered structure is.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the greater the voltage connected to the third layered structure, the greater the temperature difference between the first temperature zone and the second temperature zone. The larger the power density of the third layered structure, the greater the temperature difference The bigger; When the power density connected is consistent and the thickness of the metal layer or the metal compound layer is consistent, the greater the average square resistance of the second layered structure, the greater the temperature difference between the first temperature zone and the second temperature zone. The smaller.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fiber monofilament is quartz fiber, glass fiber, ceramic fiber, carbon fiber, alumina fiber or boron fiber.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the metal layer or the metal compound layer is composited on the surface of the graphene layer by evaporation, the metal layer is copper, tin, bismuth or iron, and the metal compound layer is bismuth trioxide.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the metal layer or the metal compound layer is less than or equal to 100 nm.

[0018] In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a method for preparing an electric heating device, comprising: uniformly depositing and growing a graphene layer on the fiber fabric formed by weaving the fiber monofilaments to generate a second layered structure; Fixing the second layered structure on a deposition base, setting a first temperature zone and a second temperature zone on the second layered structure according to anti-icing and de-icing requirements, and covering the mold in the set second temperature zone so that the first temperature zone is exposed; Vapor-depositing a metal or metal compound targeted material at a position in the first temperature zone so as to combine the metal or metal compound targeted material with the second layered structure to form a first layered structure; Setting the temperature in the first temperature zone to control the evaporation time and thereby control the thickness of the metal layer or the metal compound layer; According to the position of the electrode layer, a metal material is covered on the outer side of the second layer structure and / or the first layer structure to form a third layer structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 A planar expansion schematic diagram of the electric heating device provided in an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of a first fiber monomer of a first layered structure provided in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an expanded cross-section of a second fiber monomer of a second layered structure provided in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional diagram of an electrode layer and a third fiber monomer of a third layered structure provided in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 5 Field emission electron scanning microscopy images of the first layered structure provided in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 6 A surface resistance mapping diagram of a first layered structure and a second layered structure of an electric heating device provided in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 7A It is the equivalent circuit diagram between the single fibers in a bundle of fibers; Figure 7B is an equivalent circuit diagram of the warp fiber bundle and the weft fiber bundle of the fiber fabric; Figure 8 Surface resistance mapping diagrams of the second layered structure with a sheet resistance of 5400 Ω / sq provided in some embodiments of the present invention after copper is deposited on the surface with thicknesses of 15 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, and 100 nm, respectively; Figure 9 The deposition thickness provided in some embodiments of the present invention is relationship diagram.

[0021] Figure 10A Infrared image of an electric heating device with a first layered structure having a sheet resistance of 1800 Ω / sq obtained by depositing 50 nm of copper to obtain a second layered structure with a sheet resistance of 3000 Ω / sq provided in some embodiments of the present invention, at a voltage of 130 V. Figure 10B An equivalent circuit diagram of the electric heating device provided in the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention; Figure 11 Surface temperature versus time curve of an electric heating device having a first layered structure with a sheet resistance of 1800 Ω / sq obtained by depositing 50 nm of copper to obtain a second layered structure with a sheet resistance of 3000 Ω / sq provided in some embodiments of the present invention, at an operating voltage of 130 V; Figure 12 Temperature versus time curves of a first layered structure obtained by depositing 50 nm of copper on a second layered structure having a sheet resistance of 3000 Ω / sq, under different operating voltages, provided in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 13 In some embodiments of the present invention, a graph showing temperature changes over time in the temperature zones of an electric heating device having a second layered structure with an initial sheet resistance of 3000 Ω / sq and a first layered structure with a sheet resistance of 1800 Ω / sq obtained by depositing copper to a thickness of 50 nm is provided. Figure 14 In some embodiments of the present invention, a second layered structure with an initial square resistance of 3000Ω / sq is provided, and a first layered structure with a square resistance of 1800Ω / sq is obtained by depositing copper with a thickness of 50nm. The relationship between the power density P and the saturation temperature and temperature difference ΔT in the first temperature zone is shown.

[0022] Figure 15The relationship between power density P and the temperature difference ΔT between the two zones of an electric heating device provided in some embodiments of the present invention, wherein copper is deposited to a thickness of 50 nm on the second layered structure with a sheet resistance of 500, 1000, and 3000 Ω / sq, respectively, to obtain a sheet resistance of 300, 600, and 1800 Ω / sq, respectively; Figure 16 A planar expansion schematic diagram of an electric heating device provided in an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention; Figure 17A Infrared image of an electric heating device having a first layered structure with a sheet resistance of 1000 Ω / sq provided in an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, obtained by depositing copper to a thickness of 100 nm, at a voltage of 60 V; Figure 17B This is an equivalent circuit diagram of the electric heating device provided in the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention.

[0023] Description of reference numerals: 1. First layer structure; 2. Second layer structure; 3. Third layer structure; 4. Fiber monofilament; 5. Graphene layer; 6. Metal layer; 7. Electrode layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate and simplify the description of the present invention. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0027] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0028] Reference Figure 1 As shown, in the first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an electric heating device, comprising: a first layered structure 1, a second layered structure 2 and a third layered structure 3 connected in sequence along a horizontal direction; at least two third layered structures 3 are provided, the first layered structure 1 and the second layered structure 2 are electrically connected, and the two third layered structures 3 are respectively electrically connected to the two sides of the first layered structure 1, or respectively to the two sides of the second layered structure 2, or respectively to one side of the first layered structure 1 and one side of the second layered structure 2; the third layered structure 3 is provided with an electrode layer 7, and the electrode layer 7 is connected to an external power source to be suitable for supplying power and heating the second layered structure 2 and the third layered structure 3, so as to form a first temperature zone in the first layered structure 1 and a second temperature zone in the second layered structure 2, and the temperature of the first temperature zone is lower than that of the second temperature zone.

[0029] Specifically, the present invention provides an electric heating device that can effectively achieve coordinated heating of multiple functional areas through a combined structural design of a first layered structure 1, a second layered structure 2, and at least two third layered structures 3 arranged in sequence along the horizontal direction. The third layered structure 3 is provided with an electrode layer, which is connected to an external power source, thereby realizing power supply and heating of the second layered structure 2 and the third layered structure 3, so that a first temperature zone is formed in the first layered structure 1 and a second temperature zone is formed in the second layered structure 2, and the temperature of the first temperature zone is lower than that of the second temperature zone. The present invention can set the first temperature zone and the second temperature zone according to the needs of anti-icing and de-icing, so that the same material can meet the anti-icing and de-icing needs of different parts, reduce energy consumption, and improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0030] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the first layered structure 1 is formed by weaving a first fiber monomer; the first fiber monomer includes a fiber monofilament 4, a graphene layer 5 and a metal layer 6 in sequence from the inside to the outside in the radial direction; or the first fiber monomer includes a fiber monofilament 4, a graphene layer 5 and a metal compound layer in sequence from the inside to the outside; The second layered structure 2 is formed by weaving second fiber monomers, and the second fiber monomers include fiber filaments 4 and graphene layers 5 from the inside to the outside in the radial direction.

[0031] Specifically, a fiber fabric may be formed by weaving fiber monofilaments 4, and a graphene layer 5 and a metal layer 6 may be sequentially deposited on the fiber monofilaments 4 to form a first layered structure 1; Similarly, the first fiber monomer and the second fiber monomer use the same fiber monofilament 4 and graphene layer 5, and a metal layer 6 or a metal compound layer can be deposited on the surface of the second layered structure 2 to form the first layered structure 1. That is, the metal layer 6 or the metal compound layer can be directly deposited by vapor deposition on the second layered structure 2 to form the first layered structure 1.

[0032] In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of first layered structures 1 and / or a plurality of second layered structures 2 are provided to form a plurality of first temperature zones and / or a plurality of second temperature zones; the plurality of first layered structures 1 are respectively provided with a plurality of metal layers 6 or metal compound layers with different thickness parameters, so that the plurality of first temperature zones respectively correspond to a plurality of different temperature values; the temperature values ​​of the plurality of second temperature zones are equal.

[0033] Specifically, by providing multiple first layered structures 1 and multiple second layered structures 2, multiple first and second temperature zones can be combined to meet the anti-icing and de-icing requirements of different locations. The temperature value of the first temperature zone is related to the thickness of the metal layer 6 or the metal compound layer. By changing the thickness of the metal layer 6 or the metal compound layer, the first temperature zone can be adjusted, thereby improving the versatility and applicability of the electric heating device.

[0034] It can be understood that the positions of the first layered structure 1 and the second layered structure 2 are not limited and can be set according to the specific structural requirements of anti-icing and de-icing. Since the first layered structure 1 and the second layered structure 2 are both conductive, the two third layered structures 3 can be connected to both sides of the first layered structure 1, or to both sides of the second layered structure 2, or respectively to one side of the first layered structure 1 and one side of the second layered structure 2 to form a loop, so that a first temperature zone is formed in the first layered structure 1 and a second temperature zone is formed in the second layered structure 2.

[0035] Reference Figure 4 As shown, in the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the third layered structure 3 includes an electrode layer 7 and a conductive layer woven from third fiber monomers. The third fiber monomers include fiber monofilaments 4 and graphene layers 5 radially from the inside to the outside. The electrode layer 7 covers the conductive layer and has a strip-like structure. That is, the metal electrode layer can be directly covered on the second layered structure 2 to form the third layered structure 3.

[0036] Alternatively, the third layered structure 3 includes an electrode layer 7 and a conductive layer woven from third fiber monomers. The third fiber monomers radially from the inside out include fiber monofilaments 4, graphene layers 5, and metal layers 6, or the third fiber monomers radially from the inside out include fiber monofilaments 4, graphene layers 5, and metal compound layers. The electrode layer 7 overlies the conductive layer, and the electrode layer 7 has a strip-like structure. That is, the metal electrode layer can be directly overlaid on the first layered structure 1 to form the third layered structure 3.

[0037] Specifically, in some embodiments of the present invention, the electrode layer 7 is distributed in a strip shape, and the specific size of the electrode layer 7 is The thickness of electrode layer 7 is 40-80 μm. The dimensions of electrode layer 7 are consistent with those of the third layer structure 3. The width and thickness of electrode layer 7 can be adjusted according to actual needs. Copper foil is welded at the boundary to lead out the electrodes. Electrode layer 7 is made of a conductive metal, specifically copper or silver. The electrode layer can be prepared using a process such as spraying, coating, screen printing, or inkjet printing, depending on the conductivity requirements of the electrode.

[0038] In the first embodiment of the present invention, the sheet resistance of the first layered structure 1 is Less than the square resistance of the second layered structure 2 , and the square resistance ratio of the first layered structure 1 and the second layered structure 2 is It has a first range of values. Within the first range of values, the thicker the metal layer 6 or the metal compound layer is, the smaller the sheet resistance of the first layered structure 1 is.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fiber monofilament 4 is made of glass fiber, and the average square resistance of the second layered structure 2 is 5400 Ω / sq. A 50 nm thick metal layer is deposited on the surface of the second layered structure 2 by evaporation to form the first layered structure 1. The metal material is copper. A field emission electron scanning microscopy image of the first layered structure 1 is shown in FIG. Figure 5 , where a is the surface morphology diagram and b is the surface element distribution diagram. It can be seen that the surface of the deposition area is evenly covered by Cu particles, that is, Cu is evenly deposited on the surface of the graphene glass fiber fabric.

[0040] The surface resistance of the first layered structure 1 and the second layered structure 2 was measured using a four-probe tester. The square resistance map of the sample is shown in Figure 6 As shown, the average surface square resistance of the second layered structure 2 (dark areas on both sides) is about 5400 Ω / sq, and the average surface square resistance of the first layered structure 1 (light area in the middle) is about 3400 Ω / sq. The mapping diagram shows that the surface square resistance of the first layered structure 1 decreases uniformly.

[0041] This is because the first layered structure 1 and the second layered structure 2 are woven by the first fiber monomer and the second fiber monomer respectively, wherein several fiber monomers are bound into fiber bundles, and the warp fiber bundles and the weft fiber bundles are woven to form a fiber fabric; the metal layer 6 on the first fiber monomer provides a conductive channel to reduce the contact resistance between the fiber filaments of the first fiber monomer and between the warp fiber bundles and the weft fiber bundles.

[0042] Specifically, such as Figure 7A and Figure 7B As shown, the first layer structure 1 is obtained by depositing a metal layer 6 on the surface of the second layer structure 2 by evaporation. At this time, the resistance R of the entire electric heating component can be divided into three parts, namely the resistance R of the fiber monofilament n , the contact resistance R between the fiber monofilaments con1 and the contact resistance R between the warp fiber bundle and the weft fiber bundle con2 The resistance R1 and R2 between each fiber monofilament are in parallel relationship, and then the contact resistance R con1 In series, the total resistance of a bundle of fiber monomers is R x(y) Including the resistance R of each fiber n Contact resistance R between the fiber and the single fiber con1 , the equivalent circuit diagram is as follows Figure 7A As shown; Warp fiber bundle resistance R x and the weft fiber bundle resistance R y In parallel, then with the contact resistance R at the junction between the beams con2 In series, the equivalent circuit diagram is as follows Figure 7B As shown, the total resistance R of the entire fabric includes the resistance R of each fiber bundle x(y) Contact resistance R between the fiber bundle con2 According to Ohm's law, the total resistance in a series circuit is equal to the sum of the individual resistances, so the contact resistance R between the fiber filaments is con1 The decrease in fiber bundle resistance R x(y) The contact resistance R con2 The reduction in the total resistance R decreases.

[0043] Therefore, the addition of the metal layer 6 is equivalent to providing a conductive path between the fiber monofilaments and between the warp fiber bundles and the weft fiber bundles, thereby reducing the contact resistance, the total resistance R, and the square resistance.

[0044] Specifically, in some embodiments of the present invention, by changing the evaporation time, the deposition thickness of the metal layer 6 is adjusted, and metal copper is deposited on the second layered structure 2 with an average sheet resistance of 5400Ω / sq to obtain a first layered structure 1. The fiber monofilament 4 of the second layered structure 2 is glass fiber, and the copper deposition thickness is 15nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm and 100nm respectively. The surface sheet resistance is then measured, and the sheet resistance mapping diagram is shown as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the high-resistance areas on both sides are the second layered structure 2, and the low-resistance area in the middle is the first layered structure 1. As the thickness of the metal layer 6 increases, the color of the resistance mapping of the first layered structure 1 gradually becomes lighter, indicating that the average resistance of the first layered structure 1 decreases with the increase of the deposition thickness of the metal layer 6, and the resistance of the first layered structure 1 decreases. Less than the square resistance of the second layered structure 2 .

[0045] Sheet resistance ratio of the first layered structure 1 and the second layered structure 2 Having a first range value; reference Figure 9 As shown, within the first range of values, the thicker the metal layer 6 or the metal compound layer, the smaller the square resistance of the first layered structure 1; when the first range of values ​​is exceeded, even if the deposition thickness is increased, the square resistance remains basically unchanged, indicating that the deposition of the metal layer 6 or the metal compound layer has limited effect on regulating the square resistance. The specific parameters of the first range value are related to the selected material of the fiber monofilament 4 and the thickness of the graphene layer 5. In this embodiment, the fiber monofilament 4 of the second layered structure 2 is made of glass fiber with an average square resistance of 5400Ω / sq. At this time, the first range value is 0.6-0.8.

[0046] In the first embodiment of the present invention, the greater the voltage connected to the third layered structure 3, the greater the temperature difference between the first temperature zone and the second temperature zone. The larger the power density of the third layered structure 3, the greater the temperature difference The bigger; When the input power density is consistent and the thickness of the metal layer 6 or the metal compound layer is consistent, the greater the average square resistance of the second layered structure 2, the greater the temperature difference between the first temperature zone and the second temperature zone. The smaller.

[0047] Specifically, in some embodiments of the present invention, the fiber monofilament 4 is selected as glass fiber, and the second layered structure 2 has an average square resistance of 500Ω / sq, 1000Ω / sq, and 3000Ω / sq, respectively. Metal deposition is performed on the surface of the second layered structure 2, and copper is selected as the metal with a deposition thickness of 50nm to obtain a first layered structure 1 with a square resistance of 300Ω / sq, 600Ω / sq, and 1800Ω / sq, respectively. This shows that the rule that the composite deposition of the metal layer 6 or the metal compound layer can reduce the square resistance is basically applicable to the second layered structure 2 with any square resistance value.

[0048] In the electric heating test, an electric heating device with a square resistance of 3000Ω / sq for the second layer structure 2 and a square resistance of 1800Ω / sq for the first layer structure 1 was selected. A camera was used to scan and record the heat of infrared radiation. After an adjustable voltage power supply applied an AC voltage to the device, the surface temperature of the device increased. In the infrared image, there was a significant difference in temperature between the second layer structure 2 and the first layer structure 1, that is, there was a significant difference in temperature between the first temperature zone and the second temperature zone, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 10A shown.

[0049] Reference Figure 10B As shown, in the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the first layered structure 1 and the second layered structure 2 are arranged in series, according to the Joule's law formula Q=I 2 Rt, where I is current, Q is heat, R is resistance, and t is the power-on time. When I is equal, the smaller R is, the smaller Q is, at this time the less infrared radiation is, the lower the surface temperature is, and the square resistance value of the first layered structure 1 is smaller than the square resistance value of the second layered structure 2, so the temperature in the first temperature zone is lower than that in the second temperature zone.

[0050] Apply an AC voltage of 130V for 110s, then turn off the power to cool the electric heating device, and record the temperature change over time. Figure 11 The temperature in both regions increased rapidly within 10 s and basically reached a stable saturation temperature within 20 s. The saturation temperature of the first layered structure 1 (T GGFF-Cu ) is about 107 °C, and the saturation temperature of the second layered structure 2 (T GGFF ) was approximately 123°C, with a temperature difference of approximately 16°C. After power was turned off, the surface temperature of the electric heater dropped rapidly, reaching its initial temperature within 20 seconds. This demonstrates that the electric heater has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity and high infrared radiation, allowing it to quickly heat up to its saturation temperature and cool down quickly after power was turned off.

[0051] In addition, when DC voltages of 50V, 70V, 90V, 110V, 120V and 130V were applied to the electric heating device, the curves showed the same trend. The saturation temperature (T GGFF-Cu ) increases with increasing voltage, such as Figure 12As shown, it shows that the saturation temperature can be adjusted with the voltage to adapt to different application scenarios.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fiber monofilament 4 of the second layered structure 2 is glass fiber, the square resistance of the second layered structure 2 is 3000Ω / sq, and a 50nm thick layer of metal copper is deposited on the second layered structure 2 to form the first layered structure 1; and the operating voltages are sequentially connected: 50V, 70V, 90V, 110V, 120V and 130V, to obtain a curve of surface temperature changing with time. Figure 13 It can be seen that the temperature values ​​of the first temperature zone and the second temperature zone increase with the increase of voltage and power density, and the temperature difference ΔT between the saturation temperatures of the first temperature zone and the second temperature zone also increases with the increase of voltage and power density. The temperature difference ΔT of the saturation temperatures are 1.83°C, 5.16°C, 9.84°C, 12.06°C, 14.91°C and 16.36°C respectively. Figure 14 It intuitively shows the relationship between power density P, temperature difference ΔT, and saturation temperature T of the first layered structure 1. GGFF-Cu From this we can see that when the square resistance of the electric heating device is determined, a certain power density corresponds to a certain saturation temperature (T GGFF-Cu With T GGFF ) and temperature difference ΔT.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fiber monofilaments 4 of the second layered structure 2 are glass fibers, and second layered structures 2 having average square resistances of 500Ω / sq, 1000Ω / sq, and 3000Ω / sq are selected, respectively. Metallic copper is deposited on the surface of the second layered structure 2 to a thickness of 50nm to form the first layered structure 1. An electric heating test is conducted, and the relationship between the temperature difference ΔT and the power density P obtained in the test is shown as follows: Figure 15 As shown, that is, when the power density P is determined, the temperature difference ΔT decreases as the square resistance increases; when the power density P increases, regardless of the square resistance value, the temperature difference ΔT between the first temperature zone and the second temperature zone increases.

[0054] In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the fiber monofilament 4 is quartz fiber, glass fiber, ceramic fiber, carbon fiber, alumina fiber or boron fiber, and the fiber fabric woven by the fiber monofilament 4 is quartz fiber fabric, glass fiber fabric, ceramic fiber fabric, carbon fiber fabric, alumina fiber fabric or boron fiber fabric.

[0055] In the first embodiment of the present invention, the metal layer 6 or the metal compound layer is composited on the surface of the graphene layer 5 by evaporation, the metal layer 6 is copper, tin, bismuth or iron, and the metal compound layer is bismuth trioxide.

[0056] In the first embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the metal layer 6 or the metal compound layer is less than or equal to 100 nm.

[0057] In the second embodiment of the present invention, referring to Figure 16 As shown, the present invention also provides an electric heating device, comprising: a first layered structure 1 and a second layered structure 2 connected in sequence along a vertical direction; and at least two third layered structures 3 arranged on the left and right sides of the first layered structure 1 and the second layered structure 2 along the vertical direction; the third layered structure 3 is provided with an electrode layer 7, and the electrode layer 7 is connected to an external power supply to be suitable for supplying power and heating to the first layered structure 1 and the second layered structure 2, so as to form a first temperature zone in the first layered structure 1 and a second temperature zone in the second layered structure 2, and the temperature of the first temperature zone is higher than the temperature of the second temperature zone.

[0058] Specifically, in some embodiments of the present invention, the fiber monofilament 4 is selected as glass fiber, and the average square resistance is 1000Ω / sq. The second layered structure 2 is then subjected to metal deposition on its surface. The metal is copper and the deposition thickness is 100nm to obtain the first layered structure 1. In the electric heating test, a camera is used to scan and record the heat of infrared radiation. After an adjustable voltage power supply applies an AC voltage to the device, the surface temperature of the device increases. In the infrared image, there is a significant difference in temperature between the second layered structure 2 and the first layered structure 1, that is, there is a significant difference in temperature between the first temperature zone and the second temperature zone, as shown in FIG. Figure 17A shown.

[0059] Reference Figure 17B As shown, in the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the first layered structure 1 and the second layered structure 2 are connected in parallel in an equivalent circuit. According to Joule's law, Q=U 2 t / R, where Q is heat, U is voltage, R is resistance, and t is the duration of power supply. When the input voltage is constant, the resistance value is inversely proportional to the heat value, that is, the smaller the resistance, the greater the heat value. In the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the square resistance value of the first layered structure is less than the square resistance value of the second layered structure, that is, the temperature in the first temperature zone is higher than the temperature in the second temperature zone. In the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the structural composition and principle of the first layered structure 1, the second layered structure 2, and the third layered structure 3 are consistent with those in the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention and are not repeated here.

[0060] In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a method for preparing an electric heating device, comprising: Uniformly depositing and growing a graphene layer 5 on the fiber fabric formed by weaving the fiber monofilaments 4 to generate a second layered structure 2; Fixing the second layered structure 2 on the deposition base, and setting a first temperature zone and a second temperature zone on the second layered structure 2 according to anti-icing and de-icing requirements, and covering the mold in the set second temperature zone so that the first temperature zone is exposed; Vapor-depositing a metal or metal compound targeting material at a position in the first temperature zone so as to combine the metal or metal compound targeting material with the second layered structure 2 to form the first layered structure 1; Setting the temperature in the first temperature zone to control the evaporation time and thereby control the thickness of the metal layer 6 or the metal compound layer; According to the position of the electrode layer 7 , a metal material is covered on the second layered structure 2 and / or the first layered structure 1 to form a third layered structure 3 .

[0061] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the fiber monofilament 4 can be selected from quartz fiber, glass fiber, ceramic fiber, carbon fiber, alumina fiber, or boron fiber, and the fiber fabric formed by weaving the fiber monofilaments can be selected from quartz fiber fabric, glass fiber fabric, ceramic fiber fabric, carbon fiber fabric, alumina fiber fabric, or boron fiber fabric. Specifically, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, a glass fiber fabric formed by weaving glass fibers is selected, and a graphene layer 5 is uniformly deposited and grown on the fiber monofilament 4 to produce a second layered structure 2. Subsequently, a metal or metal compound targeting material is deposited on the surface of the second layered structure 2 with uniform square resistance by vacuum evaporation. The metal targeting material can be selected from copper, tin, bismuth, or iron, and the metal compound targeting material can be selected from bismuth trioxide. In a specific embodiment of the present application, copper is selected as the targeting material for deposition.

[0062] Among them, the size of the second layered structure 2 is According to the needs of anti-icing and de-icing, the first temperature zone and the second temperature zone are planned on the surface of the second layered structure 2, and a mold is covered at the position of the second temperature zone, wherein the mold is selected as a high-temperature resistant quartz mold, so as to cover the second temperature zone and expose the first temperature zone. Metal or metal compound is deposited in the first temperature zone to form a metal layer 6 or a metal compound layer on the surface of the second layered structure 2, thereby combining to form the first layered structure 1.

[0063] The evaporation time is controlled according to the set temperature of the first temperature zone to adjust the thickness of the metal layer 6 and the metal compound layer. Specifically, the thickness of the metal layer 6 and the metal compound layer is less than or equal to 100 nm. Preferably, the thickness of the metal layer 6 and the metal compound layer can be 15 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm and 100 nm. The surface of the second layered structure 2 is coated with a metal material by thermal spraying, thereby forming a strip-shaped electrode layer on the surface of the second layered structure 2 for connecting to an external power source. The electrode layer and the second layered structure 2 are combined to form a third layered structure 3. In addition, the electrode layer can be prepared by spraying, coating, screen printing, inkjet printing, or other processes depending on the conductivity requirements of the electrode, and the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.

[0064] It is understood that in the specific embodiment of the present invention, the electrode layer is in the shape of a strip and the size of the electrode layer is The thickness of the electrode layer is 40-80 μm. The electrode width and thickness can be adjusted according to actual needs. Copper foil is welded to the edges to lead out the electrodes, thus obtaining a multi-temperature zone surface electric heating device. The metal material of the electrode layer is a conductive metal, specifically copper or silver.

[0065] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such modifications and variations are all within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An electric heating device, characterized in that: include: A first layered structure (1), a second layered structure (2), and a third layered structure (3) connected in sequence along a horizontal direction; The third layered structures (3) are provided with at least two, the first layered structure (1) and the second layered structure (2) are electrically connected, and the two third layered structures (3) are electrically connected to both sides of the first layered structure (1), or to both sides of the second layered structure (2), or to one side of the first layered structure (1) and one side of the second layered structure (2); The third layered structure (3) is provided with an electrode layer (7), and the electrode layer (7) is connected to an external power source so as to be suitable for supplying power and heating the second layered structure (2) and the third layered structure (3), so as to form a first temperature zone in the first layered structure (1) and a second temperature zone in the second layered structure (2), wherein the temperature of the first temperature zone is lower than the temperature of the second temperature zone.

2. An electric heating device, characterized in that: include: A first layered structure (1) and a second layered structure (2) connected in sequence along a vertical direction; and at least two third layered structures (3) arranged on the left and right sides of the first layered structure (1) and the second layered structure (2) along the vertical direction; the third layered structure (3) is provided with an electrode layer (7), and the electrode layer (7) is connected to an external power supply so as to be suitable for supplying power and heating the first layered structure (1) and the second layered structure (2), so as to form a first temperature zone in the first layered structure (1) and a second temperature zone in the second layered structure (2), wherein the temperature of the first temperature zone is higher than the temperature of the second temperature zone.

3. The electric heating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The first layered structure (1) is formed by weaving a first fiber monomer; the first fiber monomer includes a fiber monofilament (4), a graphene layer (5), and a metal layer (6) in sequence from the inside to the outside in the radial direction; or the first fiber monomer includes a fiber monofilament (4), a graphene layer (5), and a metal compound layer in sequence from the inside to the outside; The second layered structure (2) is formed by weaving second fiber monomers, and the second fiber monomers include fiber monofilaments (4) and graphene layers (5) from the inside to the outside in the radial direction.

4. The electric heating device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first layered structure (1) is provided with a plurality and / or the second layered structure (2) is provided with a plurality, so as to form a plurality of the first temperature zones and / or a plurality of the second temperature zones; the plurality of the first layered structures (1) are respectively provided with a plurality of the metal layers (6) or the metal compound layers having different thickness parameters, so that the plurality of the first temperature zones respectively correspond to a plurality of different temperature values; The temperature values ​​of the plurality of second temperature zones are equal.

5. The electric heating device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The third layered structure (3) includes an electrode layer (7) and a conductive layer woven from third fiber monomers; the third fiber monomers include fiber filaments (4) and graphene layers (5) from the inside to the outside in the radial direction, and / or the third fiber monomers include fiber filaments (4), graphene layers (5) and metal layers (6) from the inside to the outside in the radial direction, and / or the third fiber monomers include fiber filaments (4), graphene layers (5) and metal compound layers from the inside to the outside in the radial direction; the electrode layer (7) covers the conductive layer, and the electrode layer (7) has a strip-shaped structure.

6. The electric heating device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sheet resistance of the first layered structure (1) Less than the square resistance of the second layered structure (2) , and the square resistance ratio of the first layered structure (1) and the second layered structure (2) is It has a first range value, within which the thicker the metal layer (6) or the metal compound layer is, the smaller the sheet resistance of the first layered structure (1) is.

7. The electric heating device according to claim 3, characterized in that The greater the voltage connected to the third layered structure (3), the greater the temperature difference between the first temperature zone and the second temperature zone. The larger the power density of the third layered structure (3), the greater the temperature difference The bigger; When the power density connected is consistent and the thickness of the metal layer (6) or the metal compound layer is consistent, the greater the average square resistance of the second layered structure (2), the greater the temperature difference between the first temperature zone and the second temperature zone. The smaller.

8. The electric heating device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fiber monofilament (4) is quartz fiber, glass fiber, ceramic fiber, carbon fiber, alumina fiber or boron fiber.

9. The electric heating device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The metal layer (6) or the metal compound layer is composited on the surface of the graphene layer (5) by evaporation, the metal layer (6) is copper, tin, bismuth or iron, and the metal compound layer is bismuth trioxide; And / or, the thickness of the metal layer (6) or the metal compound layer is less than or equal to 100 nm.

10. A method for preparing an electric heating device, characterized in that: include: Uniformly depositing a growing graphene layer (5) on a fiber fabric formed by weaving fiber monofilaments (4) to generate a second layered structure (2); The second layered structure (2) is fixed on a deposition base, and a first temperature zone and a second temperature zone are set on the second layered structure (2) according to anti-icing and de-icing requirements, and the mold is covered in the set second temperature zone so that the first temperature zone is exposed; Vapor-depositing a metal or metal compound targeting material at a position in the first temperature zone, so as to combine the metal or metal compound targeting material with the second layered structure (2) to form a first layered structure (1); Setting the temperature in the first temperature zone to control the evaporation time, thereby controlling the thickness of the metal layer (6) or the metal compound layer; A metal material is covered on the second layered structure (2) and / or the first layered structure (1) according to the position of the electrode layer (7) to form a third layered structure (3).

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