Antenna, antenna construction method, electronic equipment, system and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to an antenna, an antenna construction method, electronic equipment, a system and a vehicle, and the antenna comprises a rectangular metal carrier, the wide edge of which is provided with at least two series-connected four-side closed groove bodies along the longitudinal central axis; and the feed structure is bridged at the centers of the two side edges of the middle groove body. According to the technical scheme, the surface of the wide side of the rectangular metal carrier is provided with the series four-side closed groove body, and the center of the middle groove body is directly connected with the feed structure, so that the technical problem that a traditional waveguide slot antenna must pass through coupled feed and an additional impedance matching circuit is solved, and dual-frequency wide-beam directional radiation is realized; the sectional dimension of the metal carrier is optimized, the cost is reduced, and the working efficiency of the antenna is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of electronic technology, and in particular to an antenna, an antenna construction method, an electronic device, a system, and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Slot antennas create radiators by slotting a metal plate. A typical construction involves connecting coaxial feed lines directly across the center of the slot edges (with the inner and outer conductors branching off to the sides). This stimulates bidirectional radiation perpendicular to the slot plane, enabling applications in lower frequency ranges, such as the UHF / L / S bands. Existing slot antennas are primarily classified into two categories: planar narrow rectangular slot antennas and waveguide slot array antennas. Planar narrow slot antennas, based on the symmetry of the slot structure, consistently exhibit bidirectional radiation perpendicular to the slot plane (regardless of single- or dual-band operation). These antennas also exhibit high characteristic impedance (typically >300Ω) and a narrow impedance bandwidth (<5%), limiting their practical applications. Waveguide slot array antennas, on the other hand, achieve directional radiation by slotting the waveguide wall. However, due to the waveguide cutoff frequency, their size is too large for low-frequency applications (e.g., a ≥75mm is required for 2.5GHz). Furthermore, they require a coaxial-to-waveguide converter or E-plane probe for feeding, increasing structural complexity and cost.

[0003] Therefore, the current slot antenna technology cannot simultaneously solve the collaborative design contradictions of dual-band broadband resonance, directional radiation control, and low-profile miniaturization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide an antenna, an antenna construction method, an electronic device, a system, and a vehicle to at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, according to a first aspect of the present application, an antenna is provided, comprising:

[0006] A rectangular metal carrier, with at least two four-sided closed slots connected in series along the longitudinal center axis on the wide side;

[0007] The feeding structure bridges the centers of the two side edges of the middle slot.

[0008] According to a second aspect of the present application, there is also provided an antenna construction method, comprising the steps of:

[0009] Prepare a rectangular metal carrier, and cut at least two four-sided closed troughs connected in series along the longitudinal center axis of the wide side;

[0010] The feeding structure is assembled at the center points of the edges of both sides of the middle slot to form a cross-connection conduction.

[0011] According to a third aspect of the present application, an electronic device is further provided, including:

[0012] The antenna as described in any one of the embodiments of the present application;

[0013] a radio frequency signal processing circuit connected to the feed structure of the antenna;

[0014] The baseband processor is configured to output a communication signal to the antenna through the radio frequency signal processing circuit.

[0015] According to a fourth aspect of the present application, a communication system is further provided, including:

[0016] The antenna as described in any one of the embodiments of the present application;

[0017] The controller is connected to the feeding structure of the antenna through a coaxial cable.

[0018] According to a fifth aspect of the present application, a vehicle is also provided, comprising the electronic device or the communication system.

[0019] To summarize, the embodiments of the present application, through the above-mentioned technical solution, solve the technical bottleneck of the traditional waveguide slot antenna that must pass through coupling feeding and additional impedance matching circuits by opening a four-sided closed slot in series on the wide side surface of the rectangular metal carrier and directly connecting the feeding structure at the center of the middle slot, thereby realizing dual-bandwidth beam directional radiation, optimizing the cross-sectional size of the metal carrier to reduce costs, and improving the working efficiency of the antenna.

[0020] Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in detail in the subsequent detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0022] In order to more completely understand the present application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same drawing numbers represent the same parts in the following description.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a narrow slot antenna provided in the related art;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a symmetrical dipole antenna provided in the related art;

[0025] Figure 3 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a coplanar waveguide-fed wide slot antenna provided in the related art;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a waveguide slot array antenna provided in the related art

[0027] Figure 5 It is a waveguide slot array antenna provided in the related art

[0028] Figure 6 It is a waveguide slot array antenna provided in the related art

[0029] Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of an antenna provided in an exemplary first embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the antenna provided in the first exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a conventional rectangular slot antenna;

[0032] Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of an antenna provided in an exemplary second embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of an antenna provided in an exemplary third embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 12 is a right side view of the antenna provided in the third exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 13 is a front view of an antenna provided in a third exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the antenna provided in the third exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 15 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of an antenna provided in an exemplary fourth embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the antenna provided in the fourth exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 17 is a Smith chart simulation diagram of an antenna provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 18 is the reflection coefficient of the antenna provided in the exemplary embodiment of the present application |S 11 |Simulation diagram;

[0041] Figure 192 is a schematic diagram of a VSWR simulation of an antenna provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation of an antenna provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application at a frequency of 1.55 GHz;

[0043] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation of the antenna provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application at a frequency of 2.13 GHz;

[0044] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation of an antenna provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application at a frequency of 3.81 GHz;

[0045] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern simulation of an antenna provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application at a frequency of 4.67 GHz;

[0046] Figure 24 1 is a schematic diagram of simulation of the peak directivity Dp, real gain GR, and efficiency η of the antenna provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 25 1 is a schematic diagram of a simulation of the half-power beamwidth (HPBW) distribution of an antenna provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 26 1 is a schematic diagram of a front-to-back ratio FTBR simulation of an antenna provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 27 1.55 GHz fundamental mode surface current distribution simulation diagram of the antenna provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 28 2.13 GHz first high-order mode surface current distribution simulation diagram of the antenna provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 29 3.81 GHz second high-order mode surface current distribution simulation diagram of the antenna provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 30 4.67 GHz third high-order mode surface current distribution simulation diagram of the antenna provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 31 is a flowchart of the steps of the antenna construction method provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figure 32is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 33 It is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a vehicle provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0056] Description of reference numerals:

[0057] 40. Antenna; 41. Metal carrier; 42. Slot; 43. Feed structure; 44. Groove;

[0058] 50. Antenna; 51. Metal carrier; 52. Slot; 53. Feed structure; 54. Groove;

[0059] 60. Antenna; 61. Metal carrier; 62. Slot; 63. Feed structure; 64. Groove;

[0060] 70. Antenna; 71. Metal carrier; 72. Slot; 73. Feed structure; 74. Groove; 75. Symmetrical oscillator;

[0061] 80. Antenna; 81. Metal carrier; 82. Slot; 83. Feed structure; 84. Groove;

[0062] 300, communication system; 310, controller; 320, antenna;

[0063] 400. Vehicle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0065] In order to facilitate understanding of the implementation scheme provided in the embodiments of the present application, the antenna background provided in the embodiments of the present application is first described.

[0066] As a basic radiation unit, the slot antenna has a typical structure of cutting a narrow slot on a metal plate and feeding the center gap on both sides of the slot to form a bidirectional radiation perpendicular to the slot plane. It can be used in lower frequency ranges, such as UHF / L / S bands. The narrow slot antenna is a typical resonant structure, that is, a single narrow band and bidirectional radiation, that is, the maximum radiation is perpendicular to the slot plane. Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, two identical narrow diamond-shaped slots are cut along the vertical center axis of a rectangular metal plate. These slots are connected at adjacent vertices to form a longer, vertically extending double diamond-shaped slot. A feed point is placed in the center, connecting the metal plates on either side of the slot, creating symmetrical feed lines, thus ensuring symmetry in the radiation pattern. Based on the operating wavelength, the total length of the slot antenna's single-side edge, 2·L, is approximately one operating wavelength: 2·L ≈ 1.0·λ. Based on the principle of electromagnetic duality, the slot antenna and the symmetrical dipole at the slot are complementary. The slot antenna radiates horizontally polarized waves, while the symmetrical dipole radiates vertically polarized waves. Thus, the two radiation patterns are similar in shape but orthogonal in polarization. While the currents at the two edges flow in opposite directions, the currents at the slot's upper and lower ends and the center feed point are aligned, oriented horizontally to the left or right. This results in horizontally polarized radiation, with a wider horizontal bandwidth and a narrower vertical bandwidth. Another common form of slot antenna is the waveguide slot array, which cuts transverse, longitudinal or oblique slots on the wide or narrow side of the waveguide to allow the internal electromagnetic field to radiate through the slots, forming directional radiation. It is suitable for higher frequency microwave and millimeter wave bands, such as frequency f>10GHz. According to the principle of electromagnetic duality, the input impedance of the narrow slot antenna is high, and it is difficult to directly match it to a 50Ω system, and the bandwidth is usually less than 5%. As mentioned earlier, although the planar narrow slot antenna has a simple structure, its input impedance is as high as 300Ω or more, making it difficult to directly match it to a 50Ω system, and its bandwidth is usually less than 5%; the planar wide slot antenna has a lower impedance and can be directly matched to 50Ω and has a wider impedance bandwidth, but the consistency of the radiation pattern is poor and the cross-polarization is high. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, although the wide slot antenna can increase the bandwidth to more than 25% by expanding the slot width, it will cause the radiation direction to Figure 1 The consistency deteriorates and the cross-polarization level rises to above -10dB. Figures 3 to 6 As shown, the waveguide slot array antenna is formed by opening narrow rectangular slots on the wide side or narrow side of the rectangular waveguide tube, such as staggered longitudinal slots on both sides of the wide side axis, staggered oblique slots on the wide side axis, or staggered oblique slots on the narrow side axis. 10 The cutoff frequency is given by (a and b are the lengths of the wide side and narrow side respectively), the actual operating frequency f satisfies 1.25·f c <f<1.89·f c , resulting in excessively large dimensions for low-frequency applications. For example, when the operating frequency f = 2.5 GHz, the wide side length a of the rectangular waveguide is ≥ 60 × 1.25 = 75 mm, which seriously restricts integrated applications. Although waveguide slot antennas are suitable for high-frequency directional radiation, they are too large in low-frequency bands and require complex coaxial-waveguide mode converters, increasing costs and assembly difficulties. Among them, the cutoff frequency f of each mode of the rectangular waveguide is c The calculation formula is:

[0067]

[0068] Among them, f c is the center frequency, c0 is the speed of light in vacuum, a / b is the wide side and narrow side of the rectangular waveguide, μ0 and ε0 are the magnetic permeability and dielectric constant in vacuum, and m and n are the mode numbers (m and n are non-negative integers).

[0069] Precisely to address the above-mentioned issues, an embodiment of the present application provides a novel dual-band directional diamond slot antenna, in which two or more diamond-shaped narrow slots are arranged in series on the longitudinal axis of the wide side of a metal carrier, and narrow slots extending inward are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the axis. At the same time, symmetrical oscillators are arranged inside the metal carrier and at the connection between adjacent diamond slots, and finally the power is directly fed to the center gap on both sides of the edge of the middle diamond slot. The above measures solve the core contradiction, and the bandwidth is expanded by stimulating multiple resonance points through the series structure of diamond slots. The end capacitive reactance is adjusted through the end narrow slots to achieve 50Ω direct matching. The built-in symmetrical oscillator forms a composite resonance with the diamond slot to support dual-band operation. The thickness is compressed by optimizing the cross-sectional dimensions of the metal carrier, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of the antenna and reducing costs.

[0070] Please also see Figure 7 and 8 , Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of an antenna provided in an exemplary first embodiment of the present application, Figure 8 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an antenna provided in the exemplary first embodiment of the present application.

[0071] The antenna provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various application scenarios, such as electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and self-driving vehicles.

[0072] The antenna 40 includes:

[0073] A rectangular metal carrier 41 has at least two four-sided closed slots 42 connected in series along the longitudinal center axis on its wide side;

[0074] The feeding structure 43 spans the centers of both side edges of the middle slot 42 .

[0075] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional width a and narrow width b of the rectangular metal carrier 41 satisfy the following conditions: a / b≥6, and b≥0.05λ, where λ is the fundamental mode operating wavelength.

[0076] Optionally, the rectangular metal carrier 41 may be a flat metal plate or a metal tube unfolded into a plane.

[0077] Specifically, the rectangular metal carrier 41 has at least two four-sided closed slots connected in series along the longitudinal center axis on a wide side plane on one side. The total length along the longitudinal center axis is controlled in the range of (1.0 to 1.5)λ. This length range can ensure that the electromagnetic fields of the series slots 42 are fully coupled and suppress the impedance mismatch caused by the sudden change of the end current. The cross-sectional wide side a of the rectangular metal carrier 41 is ≥0.30λ, which is used to maintain the stable transmission of the main mode of the waveguide. The thickness (narrow side) of the rectangular metal carrier 41 satisfies b≥0.0.5λ. This dimension avoids the narrow side from being too thick and increasing the lateral size, thereby ensuring thinness.

[0078] It should be noted that the four-sided closed groove 42 refers to a four-sided closed contour (including straight edges, curved edges and composite edges) evolved based on the rhombus vertices, with the rhombus vertices (P1 to P4) preset on the surface of the rectangular metal carrier 41 as control points:

[0079] Reference rhombus: a quadrilateral formed by straight lines connecting P1, P2, P3, and P4;

[0080] Evolutionary forms: including but not limited to straight-sided rhombus, curved-sided composite groove, and polygonal approximation.

[0081] The evolution of the shape of the slot body 42 will be described below with examples.

[0082] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes: end narrow grooves 44 located at the center axis of both ends of the metal carrier 41 .

[0083] In some embodiments, the narrow end groove 44 is opened inwardly and symmetrically along the longitudinal center axis of the metal carrier 41 .

[0084] Specifically, a pair of longitudinal end narrow grooves 44 are symmetrically opened in the upper and lower sections of the rectangular metal carrier.

[0085] In some embodiments, the length of the narrow end groove 44 is less than the total length of the edge of a single slot body 42 .

[0086] Specifically, the length of the end narrow groove 44 satisfies L2=(0.05-0.15)·λ.

[0087] In the embodiment of the present application, the narrow end groove 44 forces current redistribution through capacitive loads, thereby achieving directional radiation with a simple structure and breaking through the inherent complexity limitations of the waveguide array antenna.

[0088] Please also see Figure 12 In some embodiments, the antenna further includes: a symmetrical oscillator 75 , which is provided at the connection between adjacent slots 72 in the metal carrier 71 .

[0089] In some embodiments, the total length of the two arms of the symmetrical oscillator 75 is configured to excite a half-wavelength resonant mode of a high-frequency operating wavelength.

[0090] Specifically, the total length of the two arms of the symmetrical oscillator 75 satisfies 2·L3=0.5λ4, wherein λ4 is a preset target high-frequency operating wavelength.

[0091] Specifically, in the rectangular metal carrier 71, when the operating frequency increases to the high-order mode region (such as the third high-order mode f4 = 4.67 GHz, corresponding to the wavelength λ4), the symmetrical oscillator 75 is embedded at the connection between adjacent slots 72 to reconstruct the high-frequency current path and suppress mode distortion.

[0092] Specifically, the starting ends of the vibrator arms of the symmetrical vibrator 75 are in direct contact with the metal walls at the edges of the gaps on both sides of the slot body 72 , forcing the current to flow from the slot edges into the vibrator arms.

[0093] In an embodiment of the present application, a pair of symmetrical vibrators 75 are arranged inside the metal carrier 70 and at the connection between two adjacent slots 72. The vibrator arms guide the current to flow axially along the metal carrier 70, suppress the transverse current component, and reduce the cross-polarization level, thereby improving the impedance characteristics and radiation pattern of the high-order mode.

[0094] In some embodiments, the outline of the groove body 72 is evolved from the vertex control points of the original reference rhombus, and the groove body edges keep the positions coincident at the vertex control points.

[0095] Specifically, the four-sided closed slot 72 has an original reference rhombus topology, and the vertex control points (P1-P5) of the reference rhombus form an immovable topological framework. The actual processed slot must contain continuous edges passing through these points.

[0096] In some embodiments, the contour of the groove body 72 is a straight line segment, forming sharp angle connections at all vertex control points of the original reference rhombus.

[0097] The reference rhombus is designed based on an ideal rhombus fold line without thickness, and its half-edge length satisfies L0=0.25λ.

[0098] In some embodiments, the semi-acute angle of the groove body 72 is set in either a narrow groove range or a wide groove range.

[0099] Specifically, the half-acute angle β of the groove body 72 satisfies β∈[0,π / 10] or β∈(π / 10,π / 2]. When the groove body 72 is a diamond-shaped narrow groove, the half-acute angle β satisfies β∈[0,π / 10], where β=π / 16.5 is optimal; when the groove body 72 is a diamond-shaped wide groove, the half-acute angle β satisfies β∈(π / 10,π / 2], where β=π / 5.5 is optimal.

[0100] In some embodiments, the total length of a single-side edge of each slot 72 is proportional to the operating wavelength.

[0101] Specifically, the total length of one side edge of the slot body 72 satisfies L1 = 0.5·λ.

[0102] In some embodiments, the feeding structure 73 is disposed at the center point of the metal carrier walls on both sides of the middle slot body 72 and is located in the gap protruding toward the center.

[0103] Specifically, the edge of the slot body 72 forms a pointed structure (non-straight edge) protruding toward the slot center, which is the peak area of ​​current density at the slot edge, and the feeding structure 73 is located in the gap protruding toward the center.

[0104] In some embodiments, the inner and outer conductors of the coaxial cable are directly welded to the metal carrier walls on both sides of the protrusion gap (cross-slot connection) to form the shortest conductive path. For example, a 50Ω coaxial cable is selected.

[0105] In related technologies, rectangular waveguide slot antennas require simultaneous excitation of multiple slots (such as longitudinal / diagonal slot arrays) along the wide side, achieving directional radiation through a complex feeding network. This results in a complex feeding structure (requiring a power splitter + phase shifter) and extremely high machining precision requirements (slot phase error is sensitive). When there are no narrow slots at either end of the metal plate / tube, end-face current accumulation causes edge diffraction, resulting in pattern splitting (bidirectional radiation). In the embodiment of the present application, only single-point feeding (exciting the middle slot body) is required in conjunction with the narrow grooves 44 at both ends to achieve unidirectional end-fire radiation.

[0106] In the embodiment of the present application, the feeder cables are directly arranged at the center points on both sides of the middle tank 42, so as to realize the fundamental mode TM without the need for a conversion structure. 10 The excitation and dual-frequency impedance matching overcome the technical problem that the waveguide slot antenna in the related art is usually fed by a slot on another waveguide, and the radiating waveguide is fed by coupling, which makes feeding difficult.

[0107] The slot body 42 is longitudinally arranged on the central axis of the wide side of the rectangular metal carrier. Optionally, the number thereof is configured as two or more (including odd and even numbers) through-type diamond structures connected in series. Through the synergistic effect of multiple slots arranged continuously in the longitudinal direction, high-order resonant modes are excited to achieve broadband and multi-frequency working characteristics of the slot antenna.

[0108] Please refer again Figure 7 and 8 The four-sided closed slot 42 forms the original reference rhombus topology through edge evolution, and retains the vertex control points of the rhombus.

[0109] In some embodiments, the number of the four-sided closed groove bodies 42 is two, and two identical diamond-shaped narrow grooves are opened on the vertical center axis of the rectangular metal carrier 41. The two grooves are connected at adjacent vertices to form a continuous double diamond groove structure with a total length of 2L1.

[0110] The half-edge length of a single slot L1 is 0.5λ (λ is the fundamental mode wavelength), and the half-acute angle of the rhombus is β=π / 16.5=11 (to optimize impedance matching).

[0111] Longitudinal narrow grooves 44 are symmetrically provided at both ends of the metal carrier 41, with a length L2∈(0.05-0.15)λ, for regulating the current distribution to expand the horizontal beam width.

[0112] The metal carrier 41 has a wide side a≥0.30λ, a narrow side b≥0.05λ, and a width-to-thickness ratio a / b≥6 (to ensure low-frequency cutoff characteristics).

[0113] The double diamond groove is located on the central vertical axis of the wide side (dimension a) of the metal carrier 41, and the length direction of the groove is parallel to the length direction of the metal carrier 41 ( Figure 8 coordinate axis Y direction).

[0114] Located at the geometric center of the double diamond slot (i.e. the metal surface just above the connection point of the two slots), this is the peak point of current density at the slot edge (the area with the strongest electric field), and is located as the feeding point. The outer conductor of the coaxial cable is welded to the metal plate on the left side of the slot, and the inner conductor is welded to the metal plate on the right side of the slot across the slot, forming a symmetrical feeding structure with short circuit across the slot ( Figure 7 Dotted lines connect the diagram).

[0115] In the embodiments of this application, multi-mode resonance is excited by connecting slots in series, and the current phase is reconstructed by narrow grooves at the ends, achieving multi-band operation and overcoming the bandwidth limitations of traditional single-slot antennas. Directly connecting the feed structure at the center of the middle slot eliminates the need for impedance matching circuits, achieving a natural 50Ω match. This solves the problem of traditional waveguide slot antennas requiring coupled feeds and additional matching circuits, improving energy transmission efficiency. The cutoff characteristics of the metal carrier waveguide and the built-in symmetrical oscillator transform bidirectional radiation into a directional beam while maintaining the ultra-thin profile of the metal carrier. This approach is suitable for vehicle communication systems and significantly improves integration and reliability.

[0116] The working principle of the double diamond slot antenna is described below.

[0117] When two rhombus-shaped narrow slots (single slot half-edge length L1 = 0.5λ, half-acute angle β = π / 16.5≈11°) are opened in series along the longitudinal center axis of the rectangular metal carrier 41 (dimension a≥0.30λ), a strong current coupling node is formed at the connection of the two slots, which excites TM 10 With TM 30Dual-mode resonance realizes dual-frequency operation; the central feeding point is positioned at the electric field antinode of the middle raised gap, and the 50Ω coaxial cable directly bridges the metal walls on both sides of the slot (the inner and outer conductors are welded on the left and right sides respectively), suppressing high-order mode interference through symmetrical feeding; the narrow side thickness b ≥ 0.05λ of the metal carrier 41 and the width-to-thickness ratio a / b ≥ 6 ensure the waveguide cutoff characteristics, converting the bidirectional radiation into a unidirectional beam; the edge grooves at both ends (L2∈(0.05~0.15)λ) reconstruct the current phase distribution, expand the horizontal plane wave width, and achieve the synergistic effect of low profile (thickness 0.062λ), dual-frequency broadband, and efficient radiation.

[0118] See also Figure 9 , Figure 9 It is a structural diagram of a conventional rectangular slot antenna.

[0119] like Figure 5 As shown, when the rectangular groove and the diamond groove in the embodiment of the present application have the same groove edge half length (L1 = 0.5λ), the actual measurement shows (see Figures 17 to 30 , the details are described in detail below), the high-frequency radiation of the rectangular slot is due to the sudden change of the edge current ( Figure 27 In contrast, the bandwidth is limited (<5%), while in the embodiment of the present application, the high-frequency current is smoothly gradient along the slot edge through the rhombus acute angle guide structure, and the bandwidth is increased to >8% (such as Figure 18 As shown), and the cross-polarization ratio is greater than 29dB (as shown Figure 23 shown).

[0120] Figure 20 Through the control experiment of equal electrical dimensions, the interference of size factors is eliminated, and it is verified that the diamond slot antenna breaks through the current path limitation of the rectangular slot through the sharp angle topology, thereby solving the impedance mismatch problem (such as Figure 17 ), the continuous conduction path design suppresses high-frequency current scattering, thereby widening the bandwidth and optimizing the directivity pattern (as shown in Figures 20 to 23 The pattern shown is unsplit).

[0121] See also Figure 10 , Figure 10 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an antenna provided in the exemplary second embodiment of the present application.

[0122] In some embodiments, the contour of the groove body 62 is a continuous gradient curve edge, and the curve is connected to the original reference diamond broken line curvature at all fixed control points.

[0123] In some embodiments, the continuous gradient curve is composed of two exponential gradient arcs, forming an elliptical frame with a long axis extending along the longitudinal center axis of the metal carrier.

[0124] Specifically, by splicing two exponential continuous gradient arcs ( Figure 10The black outline) is aligned with the original reference diamond line ( Figure 10 The curvature of the metal carrier 61 is kept continuous (in the middle dashed box), and the overall configuration forms an elliptical topology with the long axis extending in the vertical direction of the metal carrier 61.

[0125] The contour lines of the two troughs 62 are formed by splicing two exponentially gradient arcs (not traditional straight edges), which precisely coincide at the five vertices (P1-P5) of the original diamond-shaped broken line. The overall configuration is approximately an elongated ellipse topology (the long axis is along the vertical direction of the metal carrier 61).

[0126] The feeding point is set at the midpoint of the connection between the two slots and is aligned with the geometric center of the overlapping area of ​​the composite curve slot.

[0127] The metal carrier 61 has a groove 64 on the edge that is coplanar with the main body, and the composite curve profile is formed by two exponentially gradient arcs that are tangent to each other at the five vertices of the diamond groove ( Figure 10 The feed point (position mark) is precisely positioned at the geometric center of the composite slot overlap area, directly bridging the coaxial feed line to form the shortest current path.

[0128] In the embodiments of the present application, the geometric constraints of the broken line edges of the traditional slot antenna are broken through, the high-frequency radiation distortion is eliminated by seamless splicing of gradient arcs, and the three-dimensional synergy of groove-composite slot body-center feed is combined to achieve broadband, low cross-polarization and orthogonal beam coverage.

[0129] See also Figures 11 to 14 ,in, Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of an antenna provided in an exemplary third embodiment of the present application; Figure 12 is a right side view of an antenna provided in a third exemplary embodiment of the present application; Figure 13 is a front view of an antenna provided in a third exemplary embodiment of the present application; Figure 14 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an antenna provided in the exemplary third embodiment of the present application.

[0130] In the case where the slot body 11 is a diamond-shaped slot body, in some embodiments, the number of the four-sided closed slot bodies 72 is three, and they are arranged equidistantly along the wide side of the metal carrier 71 in the axial direction, and the acute angle of the semi-axis of the diamond slot is β = π / 16.5 ± 0.5. The inner cavity of the metal carrier 71 is vertically embedded with a symmetrical vibrator 75 at the connection between adjacent slots, and the vibrator arm length L3 = 0.5λ high frequency (such as when f4 = 4.67GHz, the corresponding length is 32mm), forming a composite radiator of coplanar waveguide and dipole; the feeding point 73 ( Figure 11 Center mark) is set in the raised gaps on both sides of the middle diamond groove 72, and a 50Ω coaxial cable is directly welded to realize cross-slot excitation; the edge grooves 74 ( Figure 14Stereoscopic diagram), length L2 = 0.10λ optimizes the edge current phase; TM is excited by three-slot phase superposition 10 / TM 20 / TM 40 Multi-mode resonance further extends antenna performance without pattern splitting.

[0131] See also Figure 15 and 16 ,in, Figure 15 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of an antenna provided in an exemplary fourth embodiment of the present application; Figure 16 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an antenna provided in the exemplary fourth embodiment of the present application.

[0132] In the case where the slot body 82 is a diamond-shaped slot body, in some embodiments, the number of the four-sided closed slot bodies 82 is four, and the metal carrier 81 arranges four four-sided closed slot bodies 82 in series at equal intervals along the longitudinal center axis. Each slot body is formed by edge evolution based on the original reference diamond topology ( Figure 15 The dotted outline marks the reference vertex); edge grooves 84 are etched at both ends of the metal carrier 81 to reconstruct the current phase; the feeding point is precisely set at the center of the connecting area between the second and third slots (the center position along the axial direction), and the metal plates on both sides of the slot are directly bridged by a coaxial cable to form a feeding structure 83; the slot body is projected onto the wide side surface along the long axis direction of the metal carrier 81, and the three-dimensional coordinate system ( Figure 16 The O-XYZ shown in the figure clearly shows that the Z direction is the main radiation direction; the four slots cooperatively excite TM 10 / TM 30 / TM 50 Multi-mode resonance improves horizontal bandwidth and high-frequency efficiency through a λ / 3 phase difference design of the slot spacing while maintaining ultra-thin profile characteristics.

[0133] In the embodiment of the present application, a rectangular metal carrier is used to open a series of four-sided closed slots, and a feeding structure is directly connected to the center of the middle slot, which solves the technical bottleneck of the traditional waveguide slot antenna that must go through coupling feeding and additional impedance matching circuits, realizes dual-band direct feeding without matching circuits, and improves energy transmission efficiency; through the physical mechanism of exciting multi-mode resonance by the series slots, the inherent defects of the single-slot antenna that can only work at a single frequency and has a narrow bandwidth are solved, and multi-mode collaborative radiation and horizontal wide beam coverage are achieved while maintaining an ultra-thin profile; based on the waveguide cutoff characteristics of the metal carrier, the pain point of poor directivity caused by the bidirectional radiation of the planar slot antenna is solved, and directional beam output is achieved to meet the requirements of high-gain directional coverage.

[0134] Furthermore, the dual-frequency directional radiation performance of the directional rhombus slot antenna in the embodiment of the present application is verified by full-wave electromagnetic simulation analysis. Please refer to the simulation results. Figures 17 to 19 .

[0135] Specifically, the directional diamond slot antenna has two resonant frequencies, a high resonant frequency and a low resonant frequency. The first frequency (low resonant frequency) is f1 = 1.55 GHz, and the second frequency (high resonant frequency) is f4 = 4.67 GHz.

[0136] like Figure 17 As shown in the Smith chart, the antenna falls directly into the 50Ω matching area (center of the chart) at both 1.55GHz and 4.67GHz, and the measured VSWR is ≤1.18 ( Figure 19 ), proving that the feeding structure 13 (bridging the centers of both sides of the middle diamond slot) breaks through the limitation of the traditional waveguide slot antenna requiring additional matching circuits. Figure 17 |S 11 Curve verification: Low-band (1.47-1.63 GHz) bandwidth is 10.32%, high-band (4.58-4.74 GHz) bandwidth is 3.43%.

[0137] It can be seen from this that the diamond slot semi-acute angle β = π / 16.5 (about 11°) naturally matches the slot impedance to a 50Ω system, improving component simplification by 70% and eliminating the coupled feed structure of the traditional waveguide slot antenna.

[0138] The wide beam directional performance of the directional rhombus slot antenna in the embodiment of the present application is verified by full-wave electromagnetic simulation analysis. Please refer to the simulation results. Figures 20 to 23 .

[0139] The horizontal plane wide beam characteristic reaches 118.22° ( Figure 20 ), maintain 95.60° at the third high-order mode 4.67GHz ( Figure 23 );

[0140] Enhanced directivity: front-to-back ratio reaches 13.90dB in high frequency band ( Figure 26 ), confirming that the metal carrier converts bidirectional radiation into a unidirectional beam.

[0141] Orthogonal polarization separation, all frequency patterns are unsplit ( Figure 22 The vertical surface wave width is 19.72°, which is significantly narrower than the horizontal plane, forming orthogonal beam coverage), proving that the symmetrical oscillator suppresses high-order mode interference.

[0142] The energy efficiency of the directional rhombus slot antenna in the embodiment of the present application is verified by full-wave electromagnetic simulation analysis. Please refer to the simulation results. Figures 16 to 18 .

[0143] Figure 24 The data shows that the dual-frequency efficiency is ≥88% (the fundamental mode efficiency is close to 100%), and the peak directivity covers 5.99-10.85dBi.

[0144] Figure 25 The data show that the average horizontal beam width of 105° (±12.6°) and the vertical beam width of 32° (±14.3°) form an orthogonal beam. This characteristic is due to the reconstruction of the current phase by the narrow groove 14 at the end (the beam width gain is +25% when L2=0.10λ).

[0145] The energy efficiency of the directional rhombus slot antenna in the embodiment of the present application is verified by full-wave electromagnetic simulation analysis. Please refer to the simulation results. Figure 27 .

[0146] Figure 27 The surface current distribution shows:

[0147] Fundamental mode (1.55GHz): Current is evenly distributed along the edge of the diamond groove ( Figure 26 ), corresponding to the electrical scale 2.00×(0.5λ);

[0148] The third high-order mode (4.67GHz): The current forms dense eddy currents at the slot connection ( Figure 30 ), electrical scale 6.00×(0.5λ);

[0149] Furthermore, Table 1 shows the operating frequency, electrical scale and peak directivity of each mode.

[0150]

[0151]

[0152] Table 1

[0153] From the data in Table 1, we can know that

[0154] Electrical tolerance: Maximum deviation between measured frequency and theoretical value ≤ 0.22% (4.67 GHz measured and 4.661 GHz theoretical comparison);

[0155] Directivity optimization: The directivity of the odd-number electrical scale mode (e.g., 7.00×0.5λ) reaches 10.61dBi, which is significantly better than the even-number mode.

[0156] The optimal semi-acute angle β is:

[0157] The matching is optimal when the narrow slot range β∈[0,π / 10] (β=π / 16.5≈11°);

[0158] A wide slot range β∈(π / 10,π / 2](β=π / 5.5≈32.7°) can increase the bandwidth.

[0159] TM can be selectively excited by adjusting the number of slots 10 / TM 30 Multi-mode resonance.

[0160] See also Figure 31 , Figure 31 An antenna construction method is provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The antenna construction method includes steps 200 to 210, which are described in detail below.

[0161] The antenna and suspension coordinated protection method provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various application scenarios, such as electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and self-driving vehicles.

[0162] Step 200: Prepare a rectangular metal carrier and cut at least two four-sided closed troughs connected in series along the longitudinal center axis of the wide side;

[0163] Step 210: assemble a feeding structure at the center points of the edges of both sides of the middle slot to form a cross-connection conduction.

[0164] In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0165] Narrow end grooves are processed at the center axis of both ends of the metal carrier.

[0166] In some embodiments, the narrow end groove is milled symmetrically inward along the longitudinal center axis of the metal carrier.

[0167] In some embodiments, the length of the narrow groove at the control end portion is less than the total length of the edge of a single slot body.

[0168] In some embodiments, a rectangular metal carrier is prepared, and at least two four-sided closed troughs connected in series are cut along the longitudinal center axis of the wide side, further comprising:

[0169] Symmetrical vibrators are embedded inside the metal carrier and at the connection between adjacent slots.

[0170] In some embodiments, the total length of the two arms of the symmetrical oscillator is processed to excite a half-wavelength resonant mode at a high-frequency operating wavelength.

[0171] In some embodiments, the step of cutting at least two four-sided closed troughs connected in series along the longitudinal center axis of the wide side further comprises:

[0172] When cutting the groove, the groove contour boundary is defined according to the coordinates of the vertex control points of the original reference rhombus.

[0173] In some embodiments, a straight line cutting path is used to connect all vertex control points to form a sharp-angled slot contour.

[0174] In some embodiments, two identical slots are cut and arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the wide side of the metal carrier.

[0175] In some embodiments, the semi-acute angle processing parameter of the groove body is selected to be a narrow groove range or a wide groove range.

[0176] In some embodiments, the total length of the edge of one side of the slot is controlled to be in a preset ratio to the target operating wavelength.

[0177] In some embodiments, a continuous gradient curve cutting path is adopted so that the edge of the groove body is continuously connected with the original reference diamond broken line curvature at the vertex control point.

[0178] In some embodiments, the curved path is formed by splicing two exponentially gradient arcs to form an elliptical frame with a long axis extending longitudinally along the metal carrier.

[0179] In some embodiments, three slots are cut and arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the wide side of the metal carrier.

[0180] In some embodiments, four slots are cut and arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the wide side of the metal carrier.

[0181] In some embodiments, the step of assembling the feeding structure at the center points of the edges of both sides of the middle slot includes:

[0182] The feed structure is positioned and welded to the central raised gaps of the carrier walls on both sides of the middle slot body.

[0183] It should be noted that the above description of the relevant processes is for illustration and purpose only and does not limit the scope of application of this specification. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and changes can be made to the processes under the guidance of this specification. However, such modifications and changes are still within the scope of this specification.

[0184] In some embodiments, the present application also provides an electronic device, which may include a radio frequency signal processing circuit, a baseband processor, and an antenna.

[0185] Among them, the antenna adopts the antenna provided in one or more embodiments of this specification. For the specific structure of the antenna and more details, please refer to the corresponding antenna structure part in the previous text, which will not be repeated here.

[0186] a radio frequency signal processing circuit connected to the feed structure of the antenna;

[0187] The baseband processor is configured to output a communication signal to the antenna through the radio frequency signal processing circuit.

[0188] The electronic device has all the beneficial effects of the above-mentioned antenna, which will not be described in detail in this application.

[0189] See also Figure 32 One or more embodiments of this specification further provide a communication system, where the communication system 300 may include a controller 310 and an antenna 320 connected to the controller.

[0190] Among them, the antenna 320 adopts the antenna provided in one or more embodiments of this specification. For the specific structure of the antenna and more details, please refer to the corresponding antenna structure part in the previous text, which will not be repeated here.

[0191] The controller 310 is connected to the feeding structure of the antenna via a coaxial cable, and can be used to generate a tunable RF signal and inject excitation energy into the series slots through the feeding structure; it is configured to monitor the antenna reflected power in real time, dynamically adjust the frequency and phase of the output signal, and perform multi-mode resonance collaborative control, so that the antenna can switch between multiple modes.

[0192] The embodiment of the present application further provides a vehicle, which may include the electronic device as described above, or the communication system as described above. Figure 33 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a possible structure of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, vehicle 400 includes the electronic device provided in any of the above embodiments, or includes the aforementioned communication system. This vehicle has all the beneficial effects of the above-mentioned antennas, which will not be further elaborated in this application.

[0193] In this embodiment, the vehicle may be a fuel vehicle, a plug-in hybrid vehicle, a new energy vehicle, etc., and this disclosure does not make any specific limitations on this.

[0194] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0195] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0196] The embodiments, implementation methods and related technical features of the present application can be combined and replaced with each other without conflict.

[0197] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present application and do not constitute any form of limitation to the present application. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present application without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present application are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that: include: A rectangular metal carrier, with at least two four-sided closed slots connected in series along the longitudinal center axis on the wide side; The feeding structure bridges the centers of the two side edges of the middle slot.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein Also includes: The narrow end grooves are located at the center axes of both ends of the metal carrier.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein: The narrow end grooves are opened symmetrically inwardly along the longitudinal center axis of the metal carrier.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, wherein: The length of the narrow end groove is less than the total length of the edge of a single groove body.

5. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein Also includes: The symmetrical vibrator is arranged at the connection between adjacent slots in the metal carrier.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that The total length of the two arms of the symmetrical oscillator is configured to excite a half-wavelength resonant mode of a high-frequency operating wavelength.

7. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The outline of the groove body is evolved from the vertex control points of the original reference rhombus, and the edges of the groove body keep the positions coincident at the vertex control points.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that The outline of the trough body is a straight line segment, and sharp angles are formed at all vertex control points of the original reference rhombus.

9. The antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that There are two slots, which are identical and arranged axially and at equal intervals along the wide side of the metal carrier. The feeding structure is located at the center of the connection area between the two slots.

10. The antenna according to claim 8, wherein The semi-acute angle of the groove body is set in either a narrow groove range or a wide groove range.

11. The antenna according to claim 8, wherein There are three slots, which are arranged axially with equal spacing along the wide side of the metal carrier. The feeding structure is arranged in the raised gaps on both sides of the slots located in the middle.

12. The antenna according to claim 8, wherein There are four slots, which are arranged axially and at equal intervals along the wide side of the metal carrier. The feeding structure is arranged at the center of the connection area between the slots located at the second and third positions.

13. The antenna according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: The total length of the single-side edge of the slot body is proportional to the operating wavelength.

14. The antenna according to claim 7, wherein: The contour of the trough body is a continuous gradient curve edge, and the curve is connected to the original reference diamond broken line curvature at all fixed control points.

15. The antenna according to claim 14, wherein: The continuous gradient curve is composed of two exponential gradient arcs, forming an elliptical frame with a long axis extending along the longitudinal center axis of the metal carrier.

16. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The feeding structure is arranged at the center point of the metal carrier walls on both sides of the middle slot body and is located in the gap protruding toward the center.

17. A method for constructing an antenna, characterized in that: Including steps: Prepare a rectangular metal carrier, and cut at least two four-sided closed troughs connected in series along the longitudinal center axis of the wide side; The feeding structure is assembled at the center points of the edges of both sides of the middle slot to form a cross-connection conduction.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that Also includes: Narrow end grooves are processed at the center axis of both ends of the metal carrier.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that The narrow end groove is formed by symmetrically milling inwardly along the longitudinal center axis of the metal carrier.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that The length of the narrow groove at the control end is smaller than the total length of the edge of a single groove body.

21. The method according to claim 17, wherein Prepare a rectangular metal carrier, cut at least two four-sided closed troughs connected in series along the longitudinal center axis of the wide side, and further include: Symmetrical vibrators are embedded inside the metal carrier and at the connection between adjacent slots.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that The total length of the two arms of the symmetrical oscillator is processed to excite a half-wavelength resonant mode of a high-frequency working wavelength.

23. The method according to claim 17, wherein The step of cutting at least two four-sided closed trough bodies connected in series along the longitudinal center axis of the wide side also includes: When cutting the groove, the groove contour boundary is defined according to the coordinates of the vertex control points of the original reference rhombus.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein A straight line cutting path is used to connect all vertex control points to form a sharp-angled slot outline.

25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that Two identical slots are cut and arranged equidistantly along the wide side of the metal carrier, and a feeding structure is assembled at the center of the connecting area between the two slots.

26. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that Select the semi-acute angle processing parameters of the slot body as narrow slot range or wide slot range.

27. The method according to claim 17 or 23, characterized in that The total length of the edge of one side of the control slot body is in a preset ratio with the target operating wavelength.

28. The method according to claim 23, wherein A continuous gradient curve cutting path is adopted to make the edge of the groove body continuously connected with the original reference diamond broken line curvature at the vertex control point.

29. The method according to claim 28, characterized in that The curved path is composed of two exponentially gradient arcs, forming an elliptical frame with a long axis extending longitudinally along the metal carrier.

30. The method according to claim 24, wherein Cut three slots and arrange them at equal intervals along the axial direction of the wide side of the metal carrier, and assemble the feeding structure in the raised gaps on both sides of the slot located in the middle.

31. The method according to claim 24, wherein Four slots are cut and arranged equidistantly along the wide side of the metal carrier, and a feeding structure is assembled at the center of the connection area between the slots at the second and third positions.

32. The method according to claim 17, wherein The steps of assembling the feeding structure at the center points of the edges of both sides of the middle slot body include: The feed structure is positioned and welded to the central raised gaps of the carrier walls on both sides of the middle slot body.

33. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 16; a radio frequency signal processing circuit connected to the feed structure of the antenna; The baseband processor is configured to output a communication signal to the antenna through the radio frequency signal processing circuit.

34. A communication system, characterized in that: include: The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 16; The controller is connected to the feeding structure of the antenna through a coaxial cable.

35. A vehicle, characterized in that: Comprising the electronic device as claimed in claim 33, or the communication system as claimed in claim 34.

Images