Easy-to-clean flame-retardant sofa fabric and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of home textiles, and discloses an easy-to-clean flame-retardant sofa fabric and a preparation method thereof, the easy-to-clean flame-retardant sofa fabric comprises the following components by weight: 30-50 parts of polyester fiber; 20 to 40 parts of aramid fiber flame-retardant fiber; 5 to 15 parts of high-performance conductive fiber; 10 to 20 parts of super-hydrophobic fiber; 10 to 20 parts of hydrophilic fiber; the invention also provides a preparation method of the easy-to-decontaminate flame-retardant sofa fabric, which comprises the steps of fiber mixed spinning, flame-retardant coating treatment, irradiation modification, surface energy regulation and control, cleaning and drying and the like, so that the fabric has flame retardance, antistatic property, ultraviolet resistance and easy-to-decontaminate characteristic, and the durability and safety are improved. Through irradiation modification, surface energy regulation and control, conductive fiber introduction and flame-retardant system optimization, the flame-retardant durability, the antistatic property, the ultraviolet resistance and the fabric comfort are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of home textiles, in particular to an easy-to-decontaminate flame-retardant sofa fabric and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the home furnishing industry, sofa fabrics not only need to meet basic requirements such as aesthetics and comfort, but must also have multifunctional properties such as flame retardancy, anti-static properties, and UV resistance to adapt to a wider range of usage scenarios; in public places, transportation, commercial offices and high-end home applications, the safety of sofa fabrics is particularly important, especially fire protection has become a key requirement in international home furnishing standards.

[0003] Traditional sofa fabrics are mostly coated with chemical flame retardants or blended with flame retardant fibers to improve their flame retardancy, such as surface treatment with phosphorus-based or halogen-based flame retardants or fiber blending with aramid or modified polyester. However, these methods have obvious limitations: flame retardants are easy to migrate or volatilize, causing the flame retardant effect to decay over time and may even release harmful substances. At the same time, chemical treatment may reduce the durability and mechanical strength of the fabric, affecting its service life.

[0004] Existing technologies mainly rely on UV absorbers, nano-coatings or high-density woven structures; among them, although UV absorbers can improve protection capabilities in the short term, they are easily decomposed under long-term exposure to light, resulting in a decrease in UV resistance; nano-coatings may affect the breathability of the fabric, and due to limited surface adhesion, they are easy to peel off after long-term friction; for sofa fabrics that are outdoors or exposed to light for a long time, UV aging is a problem that cannot be ignored, and traditional technologies have failed to effectively solve the contradiction between the durability of anti-UV function and the comfort and durability of the fabric; therefore, the present invention proposes an easy-to-remove flame-retardant sofa fabric and a preparation method thereof to address the shortcomings of the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides an easy-to-decontaminate flame-retardant sofa fabric and a preparation method thereof, which solves the problems of traditional sofa fabrics such as easy attenuation of flame retardancy, unstable anti-static effect, insufficient UV resistance and poor durability.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: an easy-to-decontaminate flame-retardant sofa fabric, the fabric comprising the following components in parts by weight: Polyester fiber: 30-50 parts; Aramid flame retardant fiber: 20-40 parts; High-performance conductive fiber: 5-15 parts; Super hydrophobic fiber: 10-20 parts; Hydrophilic fiber: 10-20 parts.

[0007] Polyester fiber serves as the basic structural skeleton and has good mechanical properties and stability; aramid flame-retardant fiber gives the material excellent high-temperature resistance and flame retardancy; high-performance conductive fiber inhibits static electricity accumulation, which helps reduce dust adsorption; super-hydrophobic fiber gives the surface liquid-repellent ability, effectively reducing the attachment of pollutants; hydrophilic fiber promotes the diffusion of water-based pollutants such as sweat on the fabric surface, thereby improving washing efficiency and enhancing decontamination performance.

[0008] Preferably, the polyester fibers include polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyisophorone terephthalate and copolymers thereof; and the aramid flame-retardant fibers are polyaryletherketone fibers and aramid fibers.

[0009] Polyester fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate offer excellent formability and strength, meeting fabric durability requirements. Polyisophorone terephthalate copolymer, with its rigid rings and polar groups, enhances the fiber's heat resistance and dyeability, contributing to improved fabric processing adaptability and aesthetic qualities. Aramid fibers such as aramid 1313 and aramid 1414 possess natural high-temperature resistance, with decomposition temperatures exceeding 400°C. They are inherently flame-retardant, independent of additives, and produce no droplets during combustion, significantly enhancing fabric safety.

[0010] Preferably, the high performance conductive fiber is a carbon fiber, polyaniline or polypyrrole conductive polymer fiber, and the specific resistance of the conductive fiber is less than 10 -3 Ω·cm; the super-hydrophobic fiber is polytetrafluoroethylene fiber, fluorinated silane fiber and a fiber material containing fluorine element, and the contact angle of the fiber is greater than 120°.

[0011] Carbon fibers combined with polyaniline or polypyrrole conductive polymer fibers can create a conductive network within the fabric, significantly reducing surface resistance, effectively dissipating static charges, and reducing the adsorption of particles like dust and hair, thereby improving fabric cleanliness. Superhydrophobic fibers like polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibers have extremely low surface energy and a contact angle significantly greater than 120°, allowing water droplets to roll off and carry away attached dirt, creating a "lotus effect" that effectively reduces residual oil and water stains, giving the fabric excellent self-cleaning properties.

[0012] Preferably, the hydrophilic fiber is polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyamide fiber, or polyurethane fiber, and the water absorption rate of the hydrophilic fiber is not less than 25%.

[0013] Hydrophilic fibers possess highly polar functional groups (such as hydroxyl, amide, and amino groups). Upon contact with water, they rapidly absorb and diffuse, forming a "wetting zone" that helps dilute contaminants and reduce their adhesion to the fiber surface. Furthermore, the hygroscopicity of hydrophilic fibers balances moisture within the fabric, enhancing wearer comfort. They synergize with superhydrophobic fibers to create a "heterogeneous surface structure," forming a micro-nano composite structure that further enhances overall decontamination efficiency and surface control capabilities.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for preparing an easy-to-decontaminate flame-retardant sofa fabric, which is applied to the easy-to-decontaminate flame-retardant sofa fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following steps: S1. Fiber blending and spinning: blending polyester fiber, aramid flame-retardant fiber, high-performance conductive fiber, super-hydrophobic fiber and hydrophilic fiber according to a mass ratio to obtain a blended fiber; S2. Coating treatment: performing surface coating treatment on the blended fiber, applying flame retardant and nanoparticles, and performing curing treatment; S3. Irradiation modification: Irradiate the coated fiber to allow the flame retardant to chemically bond with the fiber; S4. Surface energy regulation treatment: Surface energy regulation treatment is performed on the surface of the fabric to make it both hydrophobic and hydrophilic; S5. Cleaning and drying: Clean the treated fabric to remove unreacted monomers and excess substances, and then dry it.

[0015] Preferably, in step S1, the fibers are mixed and woven using a high-speed spinning machine, the spinning machine speed is controlled at 2000-4000 rpm / min, the temperature is controlled at 100°C-180°C, and the humidity is maintained at 40%-60% during the blending process, so as to ensure uniform mixing and sufficient interweaving of the fibers and form a stable blended fiber structure; Preferably, in step S2, the coating treatment is performed by dipping and spraying using a dipping-spraying device, the coating solution comprises nano-ZnO, antimony trioxide nanoparticles and a phosphorus flame retardant, the ratio of the three being in the range of 1:1:2 to 2:1:3, the dipping time is controlled at 20-40 minutes, the coating thickness is 10-20 μm, and then a hot air curing furnace is used to cure at 50° C.-80° C. for 10-15 minutes; Preferably, in step S3, the irradiation modification is performed using an electron beam irradiation device, the electron beam energy is set at 20-40 kGy, the irradiation time is 1-3 hours, the irradiation environment temperature is maintained at 25° C.-45° C., and the humidity is controlled at 30%-50%, so as to promote the chemical bonding between the flame retardant coating and the fiber; Preferably, in step S4, the surface energy regulation treatment adopts a plasma treatment equipment, first pre-treating for 3-5 minutes by low-temperature nitrogen plasma power of 100W-200W, then adjusting to high-power plasma of 200W-300W and using oxygen or fluorinated gas flow rate of 100-200mL / min for 5-10 minutes, and the temperature is controlled at 20°C-50°C to form a superhydrophobic and antifouling structure on the surface of the fabric; Preferably, in step S5, ultrasonic cleaning equipment is used for cleaning, using a mixed solution of deionized water and ethanol in a volume ratio of 1:1 to 3:1, and ultrasonic cleaning is performed at a water temperature of 30°C-40°C for 5-10 minutes to remove residues. After cleaning, a centrifugal dryer is used at a speed of 800-1200rpm to remove excess liquid, and then the product is sent to a hot air drying furnace, the drying temperature is set at 75°C-85°C, and the drying time is 15-20 minutes.

[0016] The present invention provides an easy-to-decontaminate flame-retardant sofa fabric and a preparation method thereof. It has the following beneficial effects: By introducing conductive fibers, the present invention achieves the technical effect of improving the conductivity of fabrics and reducing the risk of static electricity accumulation. Compared with the conventional flame-retardant fibers in the prior art, which are prone to static electricity generation due to their high insulation and pose safety hazards, the present invention solves the problem of their inability to meet specific protection needs, such as limited application in anti-static protective clothing and other fields. The present invention adopts radiation modification and surface energy control technology to achieve the technical effect of enhancing the bonding strength between the coating and the fiber and improving the durability of the flame-retardant coating; compared with the technical solutions in the prior art that ordinary chemical coatings have weak adhesion and are easily peeled off under high temperature or friction, this solves the problem that its flame retardant performance decays over time and its long-term reliability is insufficient. The present invention adopts radiation modification and ultraviolet absorption structure regulation, and achieves the technical effect of improving the ultraviolet resistance of the fabric and extending the service life; in the prior art, the ultraviolet protection performance usually depends on coating additives, which are easily degraded after long-term use, resulting in a decrease in protection effect. The present invention solves the problems of rapid attenuation of its protection ability, poor weather resistance, and difficulty in stable use in long-term outdoor environments. The present invention combines a high-efficiency flame retardant system with a fiber interface optimization strategy, achieving the technical effects of improving flame retardant properties, reducing flame propagation rate, and enhancing the ablation resistance of materials. Compared with traditional inorganic flame retardant filling methods that may lead to a decrease in mechanical properties of the fabric, a harder feel, and reduced wear resistance, the present invention solves the problem of balancing flame retardant treatment and fabric comfort, making the protective material have a wider range of practical value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the preparation method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the present specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] See also Figure 1 : Example 1: Highly conductive and ultra-durable flame-retardant fabric Raw material ratio (mass fraction) Polyester fiber: polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 45 parts; aramid flame retardant fiber: polyaryletherketone fiber (PEKK) 30 parts; high performance conductive fiber: carbon fiber (specific resistance 5×10 -4 Ω·cm) 15 parts; super hydrophobic fiber: polytetrafluoroethylene fiber (PTFE, contact angle 148°) 10 parts; hydrophilic fiber: polyvinyl alcohol fiber (water absorption rate 30%) 5 parts; Preparation steps and cross-linking mechanism fiber blends Raw material pretreatment: PET fiber (particle size 50 μm), PEKK aramid (length 5 mm), carbon fiber (specific resistance 5×10 -4 Ω·cm), PTFE fiber (diameter 20μm), and polyvinyl alcohol fiber (water absorption rate 30%) are mixed according to the ratio; Blending process: Using a twin-screw spinning machine (speed 3000rpm, temperature 160℃, humidity 50%), the fibers are melt-extruded and woven into a base fabric (weight 350g / m²).

[0020] Chemically cross-linked coating treatment Coating solution formula: 5 parts of nano-ZnO (particle size 30nm); 4 parts of Sb2O3 nanoparticles (particle size 50nm); 7 parts of ammonium polyphosphate (phosphorus-based flame retardant); 2 parts of silane coupling agent KH-550 (epoxy functional group); ethanol solvent (solid content 20%); Cross-linking reaction: Step 1: The silane coupling agent is hydrolyzed to generate silanol (Si-OH), which undergoes a condensation reaction with the hydroxyl (-OH) on the surface of the PET fiber to form a Si-OC covalent bond; Step 2: The amino groups (-NH2) of polyaniline and the ketone groups (C=O) of PEKK aramid form a hydrogen bond network, enhancing the stability of the conductive pathway; Step 3: Ammonium polyphosphate decomposes during curing to form polyphosphoric acid, which reacts with the ether bond (COC) in the PEKK molecular chain to form a POC flame-retardant cross-linked structure.

[0021] Process parameters: Immersion time: 30 minutes (coating thickness 15 μm) Curing conditions: 70℃ hot air curing for 12 minutes (heating rate 5℃ / min).

[0022] Irradiation-induced cross-linking Electron beam irradiation (energy 30 kGy, time 2 h, temperature 25 ° C): High-energy electron beam (10MeV) breaks the PEKK molecular chain and generates free radicals (PEKK); Free radicals combine with oxygen vacancies on the surface of nano-ZnO to form a PEKK-ZnO-C three-dimensional cross-linked network, which improves the adhesion of the coating; Plasma surface energy regulation Nitrogen plasma pretreatment (power 150W, time 5 minutes): Etching the PTFE surface to expose the -CF2 active groups increased the contact angle from 148° to 152°; Hexafluoropropylene plasma deposition (power 250W, flow rate 200mL / min, time 8 minutes): Perfluoroalkyl chains (-CF2-CF2-) are deposited on the fiber surface to form a nanoscale hydrophobic protrusion structure with a contact angle of 158°; Synchronously doped with Sb2O3 nanoparticles, the ultraviolet absorption rate is increased to UPF60 (AATCC183 standard).

[0023] Post-processing Cleaning and drying: Ethanol:water (1:2, volume ratio) ultrasonic cleaning (35°C, 7 minutes) → centrifugal dehydration (1000 rpm, 5 minutes) → hot air drying at 80°C for 15 minutes; Example 2: Antistatic-Weather-Resistant Super-Hydrophobic Fabric Raw material ratio (mass fraction) Polyester fiber: polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) 40 parts; aramid flame retardant fiber: para-aramid (Twaron ® ) 35 parts; High performance conductive fiber: polypyrrole (specific resistance 8×10 -4 Ω·cm) 12 parts; super hydrophobic fiber: fluorinated silane fiber (contact angle 145°) 18 parts; hydrophilic fiber: polyvinyl alcohol fiber (water absorption rate 28%) 10 parts; Preparation steps and cross-linking mechanism fiber blends Raw material pretreatment: Polybutylene terephthalate fiber (length 50 mm, melting point 225°C); Para-aramid (1.5D fineness, LOI 34%); Polypyrrole (polypyrrole is in situ polymerized on the surface of carbon tubes, with a specific resistance of 8×10 -4 Ω·cm); Fluorinated silane-modified polyester (contact angle 145°, fiber diameter 25 μm); Polyvinyl alcohol fiber (water absorption rate 28%, breaking strength 4.5cN / dtex).

[0024] Blending process: Using a high-speed vortex spinning machine (speed 3200rpm, temperature 170℃, humidity 45%), the fibers are mixed and woven into a base fabric with a grammage of 320g / m².

[0025] Chemically cross-linked coating treatment Coating solution formula: 5 parts of nano-TiO2 (rutile type, particle size 20nm); 6 parts of Sb2O3 nanoparticles (particle size 50nm); 7 parts of aluminum hypophosphite (phosphorus-based flame retardant); 10 parts of polyurethane / silica sol composite emulsion (containing -NCO active groups); deionized water (solid content 25%); Cross-linking reaction: Step 1: The isocyanate group (-NCO) of the polyurethane prepolymer reacts with the hydroxyl group (-OH) generated by hydrolysis of the ester group (-COO-) of the PBT fiber to form a urea bond (-NHCONH-); Step 2: The pyrrole ring of polypyrrole and the benzene ring of para-aramid form a conductive network through π-π conjugation; Step 3: Aluminum hypophosphite decomposes under heat to generate AlPO4, which cooperates with Sb2O3 to form a SbPO4-AlPO4 composite flame retardant layer.

[0026] Process parameters: Immersion time: 35 minutes (coating thickness 18 μm); Curing conditions: 75℃ hot air curing for 20 minutes (heating rate 3℃ / min).

[0027] Irradiation-induced cross-linking γ-ray irradiation (energy 20 kGy, time 1.5 h, temperature 30 ° C): γ-rays excite TiO2 to generate electron-hole pairs, which form Ti-Sb-O ultraviolet absorption clusters with Sb2O3 (ultraviolet absorption wavelength range 280-400nm); Irradiation induces the breakage of CH bonds in the polyurethane chain segments, generating free radicals (CH2), which combine with oxygen vacancies on the Sb2O3 surface to form a CO-Sb cross-linked structure.

[0028] Plasma surface energy regulation Oxygen plasma activation (power 200W, time 4 minutes): Etching the surface of fluorinated silane fibers to generate -Si-OH active sites; Hexafluoropropylene plasma deposition (power 300 W, flow rate 180 mL / min, time 10 minutes): -CF2CF3 groups were deposited on the fiber surface to construct a nanoscale fluorosilane self-assembled layer, with the contact angle increased to 152°; Synchronously doped with TiO2 nanoparticles to enhance UV reflectivity (UPF increased to 60).

[0029] Post-processing Cleaning and drying: Ethanol ultrasonic cleaning (40°C, 5 minutes) → centrifugal dehydration (1200 rpm, 3 minutes) → hot air drying at 85°C for 18 minutes; Example 3: Highly flame retardant and comfortable easy-to-clean fabric Raw material ratio (mass fraction) Polyester fiber: polyisophorone terephthalate (PIT) 50 parts; aramid flame retardant fiber: meta-aramid (Nomex®) 25 parts; high performance conductive fiber: polyaniline (specific resistivity 3×10 -4 Ω·cm) 10 parts; super hydrophobic fiber: perfluoroalkyl acrylate grafted polyester (contact angle 150°) 20 parts; hydrophilic fiber: polyamide fiber (water absorption rate 26%) 5 parts; Preparation steps and cross-linking mechanism fiber blends Raw material pretreatment: Polyisophorone terephthalate (melting point 280°C, fineness 2.0D); meta-aramid (LOI 32%, breaking strength 5.0 cN / dtex); polyaniline (polyaniline in situ deposited on graphene sheets, specific resistivity 3×10 -4 Ω·cm); perfluoroalkyl acrylate grafted polyester (contact angle 150°, fiber diameter 30μm); polyamide fiber (water absorption rate 26%, melting point 220℃).

[0030] Blending process: Using a high-speed vortex spinning machine (speed 4000rpm, temperature 180℃, humidity 55%), the fibers are melt-blended and woven into a base fabric with a grammage of 380g / m².

[0031] Chemically cross-linked coating treatment Coating solution formula: 3 parts of nano-Sb2O3 (particle size 50nm); 9 parts of cyclic phosphate (phosphorus-based flame retardant); 4 parts of epoxy resin E-44 (epoxy value 0.44); acetone solvent (solid content 18%); Cross-linking reaction mechanism: Step 1: The epoxy group (-O-CH2-CH-O-) of the epoxy resin opens during curing and forms an ether bond (-O-) with the isophorone group (C=O) of the PIT fiber; Step 2: The amino groups (-NH2) of polyaniline and the amide groups (-CONH-) of Nomex® aramid form a hydrogen bond network, enhancing the synergy between conductivity and flame retardancy; Step 3: Cyclic phosphate is thermally decomposed to generate polyphosphoric acid, which reacts with Sb2O3 to form a SbPO4 glassy barrier layer.

[0032] Process parameters: Spray twice (total thickness 15 μm); Curing conditions: 80℃ hot air curing for 10 minutes (heating rate 5℃ / min).

[0033] Irradiation-induced cross-linking Electron beam irradiation (energy 30 kGy, time 2 h, temperature 45 ° C): Irradiation triggers the ring opening of unreacted epoxy groups in epoxy resin, which react with the benzene rings of Nomex® aramid through free radical addition to form CC covalent bonds. Plasma surface energy regulation Argon plasma etching (power 200W, time 5 minutes): Micron-sized pits (2-5 μm in diameter) were generated on the surface of perfluoroalkyl acrylate, and the contact angle increased from 150° to 160°; C4F8 vapor deposition (flow rate 150mL / min, time 10 minutes): -CF3 groups are deposited to fill nanoscale protrusions (height 100nm) to form a "lotus effect" superhydrophobic surface.

[0034] Post-processing Cleaning and drying: Ultrasonic cleaning with deionized water (30°C, 10 minutes) → centrifugal dehydration (1500 rpm, 4 minutes) → hot air drying at 90°C for 15 minutes; Comparative Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the difference is that no conductive fiber is added, and the rest are the same.

[0035] Comparative Example 2 Compared with Example 1, the difference is that ordinary polyester (contact angle 90°) is used instead of PTFE fiber, and the rest are the same.

[0036] Comparative Example 3 Compared with Example 1, the difference is that ordinary polyester (water absorption rate 5%) is used instead of polyvinyl alcohol fiber, and the rest are the same.

[0037] Comparative Example 4 Compared with Example 1, the difference is that the electron beam irradiation step is eliminated, and the rest are the same.

[0038] Comparative Example 5 Compared with Example 2, the difference is that polythiophene is used instead of polypyrrole, and the rest are the same.

[0039] Comparative Example 6 Compared with Example 2, the difference is that the hexafluoropropylene flow rate is reduced to 50 mL / min (standard 180 mL / min), and the rest are the same.

[0040] Comparative Example 7 Compared with Example 2, the difference is that polypropylene fiber (water absorption rate 0.5%) is used instead of polyvinyl alcohol fiber, and the rest are the same.

[0041] Comparative Example 8 Compared with Example 3, the difference is that the perfluoroalkyl grafting rate is reduced from 95% to 60%, and the rest are the same.

[0042] Comparative Example 9 Compared with Example 3, the difference is that the electron beam energy is reduced from 30 kGy to 10 kGy, and the rest are the same.

[0043] Comparative Example 10 Compared with Example 3, the difference is that the amount of epoxy resin added is reduced from 4 parts to 1 part, and the rest are the same.

[0044] Experiment 1: Verification of the resistivity threshold of conductive fibers Experimental purpose: To verify whether the resistivity of conductive fibers needs to reach a certain threshold (e.g. <10 -3 Ω·cm) to achieve effective antistatic function.

[0045] Description of experimental steps Sample preparation: Example 1: Polyaniline coated carbon fiber (specific resistance 5×10 -4 Ω·cm) blended fabrics; Comparative Example 2: Ordinary carbon fiber (specific resistance 1×10 -2 Ω·cm) blended fabrics; Comparative Example 5: Polythiophene / carbon fiber (specific resistance 5×10 -3 Ω·cm) blended fabrics.

[0046] Test environment: Temperature 25°C ± 1°C, humidity 50% ± 5% (ISO-291 standard environment).

[0047] Test instrument: Surface resistance: Four-probe resistance meter (Agilent-U2722A); Electrostatic decay time: Electrostatic decay tester (Electro-Tech-5410); Triboelectric voltage: Triboelectric charging test device (Custom-Design-Model-FV-200).

[0048] Test procedure: Surface resistance: Randomly select 5 points on the surface of the fabric, take the average value; Electrostatic decay time: Apply a voltage of 1 kV, record the time required for the voltage to drop to 100 V; Triboelectric voltage: Rub the surface of the fabric with nylon cloth at a speed of 2 m / s for 10 times, record the peak voltage.

[0049] Experimental data as shown in Table 1 Table 1: Test results of the correlation between specific resistance of conductive fibers and antistatic performance

[0050] Experimental summary This experiment reveals the direct correlation between the specific resistance threshold of conductive fibers (<10 -3 Ω·cm) and the microstructure of the material by comparing the antistatic performance of polyaniline-coated carbon fibers, ordinary carbon fibers, and polythiophene / carbon fibers. The amino group (-NH2) in the polyaniline molecular chain and the carboxyl group (-COOH) on the surface of the carbon fiber form a stable amide bond (-NHCO-) through condensation reaction. This chemical cross-linking mechanism not only reduces the interfacial contact resistance, but also builds a continuous electron transport channel through the synergistic effect of the conjugated π bond of polyaniline and the sp² hybridized carbon layer of carbon fiber, thereby significantly improving the conductivity efficiency (surface resistance as low as 8.2 × 10² Ω / sq). In the comparative examples, ordinary carbon fibers or polythiophene / carbon fibers lack such chemical bonding and π-π conjugation synergy, resulting in discontinuous conductive network, specific resistance exceeding 10 -3 Ω·cm), and electrostatic decay time extending to 2.8-4.5 seconds, which cannot meet the demand of rapid charge dissipation.

[0051] Further analysis shows that the redox properties of polyaniline (reversible conversion between doped and undoped states) give it stable carrier mobility, while ordinary carbon fibers rely solely on physical contact for conductivity and are susceptible to environmental humidity and mechanical stress, leading to resistance fluctuations (for example, the surface resistance of Comparative Example 2 reached 5.3×10³Ω / sq). Furthermore, although polythiophene is a conductive polymer, its molecular chain is highly rigid, making it difficult to form a tight coating with carbon fibers. This increases interfacial defects (for example, the tribovoltage in Comparative Example 5 reached 9200V), further exacerbating the risk of charge accumulation.

[0052] In summary, the chemical-structural synergistic effect of polyaniline / carbon fiber is the key to achieving ultra-low specific resistance (<10 -3 Its chemical cross-linking network stabilizes the conductive pathway, while the electron delocalization of the conjugated system reduces the carrier migration barrier. The two work together to ensure the antistatic reliability of the fabric in complex environments.

[0053] Experiment 2: Verification of superhydrophobic contact angle threshold Experimental purpose: To verify whether the contact angle of superhydrophobic fibers needs to reach a critical threshold (>120°) to achieve effective dirt removal and dirt resistance.

[0054] Description of experimental steps Sample preparation: Example 1: PTFE fiber (contact angle 158°) blended fabric; Example 2: Fluorinated silane fiber (contact angle 152°) blended fabric; Comparative Example 4: Ordinary polyester (contact angle 90°) blended fabric; Comparative Example 6: Hexafluoropropylene low-flow deposition fiber (contact angle 130°) blended fabric.

[0055] Test environment: Temperature 25℃±1℃, humidity 50%±5% (ISO-291 standard environment).

[0056] Test equipment: Water contact angle: contact angle meter (Krüss-DSA25); Oil removal rate: Oil simulation test device (customized); Washing times: Industrial washing machine (SDL-Atlas-Launder-Ometer).

[0057] Test steps: Water contact angle: add 5 μL of deionized water and let it stand for 10 seconds before measuring (GB / T-30693-2014); Oil removal rate: Apply 0.1 mL of olive oil, wipe 5 times under 50 kPa pressure, and calculate the residual rate; Washing resistance: After 50 washing cycles, test whether the contact angle is greater than 120°.

[0058] The experimental data are shown in Table 2 Table 2: Correlation test results between superhydrophobic contact angle and decontamination performance

[0059] Experimental Summary This experiment, by comparing the superhydrophobic properties of various fluorinated modified fibers, confirmed that a contact angle of >120° is the critical threshold for achieving the "lotus effect" on a material surface. Fluorinated silane or PTFE fibers are chemically grafted with perfluoroalkyl chains (-CF3 or -CF2-), significantly reducing their surface energy (<20 mN / m). Combined with the micron-scale pits and nanoscale protrusions formed by plasma etching (SEM observation), a stable Cassie-Baxter air cushion layer is constructed, making it difficult for droplets to penetrate the interfiber gaps (contact angle >150°). In contrast, ordinary polyester or low-fluorine deposition fibers in the comparative examples have excessively high surface energy (>40 mN / m) or incomplete micro-nanostructures, resulting in direct contact of droplets with the substrate (Wenzel state) and a contact angle of only 90-130°, making oil stains easily adsorbed and difficult to remove (residue rate >25%).

[0060] Further analysis showed that insufficient hexafluoropropylene plasma deposition flow rate (e.g., 50 mL / min in Comparative Example 6) limited the coverage of the fluorocarbon layer (XPS showed a F atomic content of only 45%), resulting in an uneven surface energy gradient and a rapid decrease in contact angle with the number of washes (<120° after 45 washes). In contrast, the high fluorination coverage (F atomic content >65%) and dense micro-nanostructure of Examples 1-2 resisted mechanical wear and chemical corrosion, maintaining superhydrophobicity for over 100 wash cycles.

[0061] The stability of superhydrophobicity is closely related to the multi-scale collaborative design of the material. The low surface energy of fluorination and the physical effects of micro-nano roughness work together to block the liquid-solid contact path, while early processing (such as radiation cross-linking) further improves durability by strengthening the fiber-coating interface.

[0062] Experiment 3: Verification of water absorption threshold of hydrophilic fibers Experimental purpose: To verify whether the water absorption rate of hydrophilic fibers needs to reach a specific threshold (≥25%) to balance antistatic properties and wearing comfort.

[0063] Description of experimental steps Sample preparation: Example 1: Polyvinyl alcohol fiber (water absorption rate 30%) blended fabric; Example 3: Polyamide 6 fiber (water absorption rate 26%) blended fabric; Comparative Example 3: Ordinary polyester (water absorption rate 5%) blended fabric; Comparative Example 7: Polypropylene fiber (water absorption rate 0.5%) blended fabric.

[0064] Test environment: Temperature 25℃±1℃, humidity 50%±5% (ISO-291 standard environment).

[0065] Test equipment: Water absorption rate: dynamic water absorption tester (SDL-Atlas-MOIST-100); Air permeability: air permeability tester (FX3300); Electrostatic adsorption dust amount: Electrostatic adsorption simulation device (Custom-Design-Model-ED-5).

[0066] Test steps: Water absorption rate: Immerse the fabric in water for 30 minutes and calculate the percentage increase in mass (GB / T14576-2013); Air permeability: Air permeability is measured at a pressure difference of 100 Pa (GB / T-5453); Electrostatically adsorbed dust: Expose the sample to an environment with a dust density of 2g / m³ for 1 hour, and weigh the mass of the adsorbed dust.

[0067] The experimental data are shown in Table 3 Table 3: Test results of correlation between water absorption rate of hydrophilic fibers and comfort

[0068] Experimental Summary The moisture absorption capacity of hydrophilic fibers directly depends on the density of polar groups in their molecular structure. The hydroxyl groups (-OH) of polyvinyl alcohol fibers form a dynamic adsorption network with water molecules through hydrogen bonding. In an environment with 50% humidity, they can absorb water equivalent to 29.5% of their own mass (contact angle <90°), significantly reducing surface resistivity (Example 1 electrostatically adsorbed only 0.21 g / m² of dust). Although the amide groups (-CONH-) of polyamide 6 fibers have slightly lower polarity, they still maintain a 26.3% moisture absorption rate through hydrogen bonding and ionic adsorption, balancing breathability and antistatic properties. In contrast, ordinary polyester and polypropylene fibers in the comparative examples lack hydrophilic groups (containing only hydrophobic ester or alkyl groups) and have a moisture absorption rate of less than 5%. This results in surface humidity levels below 30% RH (ASTM-E96), hindering the timely dissipation of static charges and resulting in dust absorption as high as 1.52-2.05 g / m².

[0069] Microstructural analysis shows that the hydroxyl groups of polyvinyl alcohol form a continuous water film on the fiber surface (AFM-measured thickness approximately 50 nm). This dynamic adsorption / desorption behavior regulates the humidity of the local microenvironment, suppressing static electricity while maintaining an air permeability of >300 mm / s. Polypropylene fibers are completely hydrophobic (contact angle >120°), with water present only in the form of isolated droplets (SEM-measured droplet diameter >200 μm). These droplets are unable to form a conductive pathway, suppressing the air permeability to <100 mm / s and causing a noticeable feeling of stuffiness (subjective rating <5 / 10).

[0070] The water absorption threshold of hydrophilic fibers (≥25%) is essentially a synergistic result of the material's chemical composition and microstructure. The high density of polar groups imparts rapid moisture absorption, while the moderate fiber porosity (45% in Example 1) ensures breathability.

[0071] Experiment 4: Irradiation cross-linking and flame retardant durability verification Experimental purpose: To verify whether the irradiation energy needs to reach a certain threshold (≥20kGy) to maintain the long-term stability of the flame retardant coating.

[0072] Description of experimental steps Sample preparation: Example 1: Polyaniline / carbon fiber fabric treated with 30 kGy electron beam irradiation; Example 3: Polyamide 6 / perfluoroalkyl fabric after electron beam irradiation 30 kGy; Comparative Example 4: non-irradiated ordinary carbon fiber fabric; Comparative Example 9: Polyamide 6 / perfluoroalkyl fabric treated with electron beam irradiation of 10 kGy.

[0073] Test environment: Damp heat aging conditions: 85°C / 85%RH (IEC-60068-2-67 standard).

[0074] Test equipment: Flame retardant retention rate: cone calorimeter (FTT-Cone-Calorimeter); LOI (Limiting Oxygen Index) Tester (FTT-Oxygen-Index); Coating adhesion: Cross-cut tester (Elcometer-107).

[0075] Test steps: Humidity and heat aging: The sample is placed in an environment of 85℃ / 85%RH for 1000 hours; Flame retardant retention rate: Comparison of peak heat release rate before and after aging (UL94 standard); LOI Retention: Measures the Limiting Oxygen Index (ISO-4589-2) before and after aging; Adhesion: Cross-hatch method to test the coating peeling area (ASTM-D3359).

[0076] The experimental data are shown in Table 4 Table 4: Test results of the effect of radiation cross-linking on flame retardant durability

[0077] Experimental Summary Irradiation crosslinking generates free radicals on the fiber surface through high energy electron beam excitation (ESR detection free radical density>10¹ 7 / cm³), promoting the formation of a three-dimensional covalent network between the epoxy resin and the flame retardant (such as nano-Sb₂O₃). In Examples 1 and 3, irradiation with 30 kGy of energy resulted in a crosslink density of 120 mol / m³ (DMA test), effectively locking the flame retardant molecules and achieving a flame retardancy retention rate exceeding 94% after 1000 hours of damp heat aging. However, in Comparative Example 4 (unirradiated), the flame retardant rapidly migrated under damp heat conditions due to the lack of a crosslinked network (TOF-SIMS showed a Sb element loss rate exceeding 30%), resulting in a LOI retention rate of only 67.9%, and adhesion dropping to level 2B.

[0078] Further analysis showed that insufficient irradiation energy (such as 10 kGy in Comparative Example 9) resulted in too low a free radical concentration (<10¹ 6 / cm³), the cross-linking density is only 40mol / m³, which cannot form a continuous barrier layer. During the wet heat aging process, water molecules penetrate the uncross-linked area, triggering the hydrolysis of the flame retardant (FTIR shows the Sb-O bond breaking), and the LOI value drops from the initial 40% to 26.4%. In contrast, the dense cross-linked network irradiated with 30kGy can block the water and oxygen diffusion path (helium permeability <10 -10 cm³·cm / cm²·s·Pa), maintain LOI>35%.

[0079] The synergistic effect of radiation cross-linking and chemical composition is the core mechanism of flame retardancy and durability. High radiation energy not only enhances the interfacial bonding between the coating and the fiber (adhesion 5B), but also stabilizes the flame retardant dispersion through covalent bonds. The initial superhydrophobic modification and moisture control of the hydrophilic fiber further mitigate environmental erosion.

[0080] Experiment 5: Verification of superhydrophobic process parameter threshold Experimental purpose: To verify the critical effect of fluorinated gas flow rate and perfluoroalkyl grafting rate on superhydrophobicity.

[0081] Description of experimental steps Sample preparation: Example 2: Hexafluoropropylene plasma deposition (flow rate 180 mL / min, deposition time 30 min); Comparative Example 6: Hexafluoropropylene low flow rate deposition (flow rate 50 mL / min, deposition time 30 min); Comparative Example 9: Polyester fiber with a perfluoroalkyl grafting rate of 60% (does not meet the process standards).

[0082] Test environment: Temperature 25℃±1℃, humidity 50%±5% (ISO-291 standard environment).

[0083] Test equipment: Fluorine atom surface coverage: X-ray photoelectron spectrometer; Washing times: Industrial washing machine (SDL-Atlas-Launder-Ometer); UV absorbance: UV-visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu-UV-2600).

[0084] Test steps: Fluorine atom coverage: XPS scans the fiber surface and calculates the F1s peak area ratio; Washing resistance: Measure the contact angle after every 5 washes until it is less than 120°; UV Absorbance: Transmittance is measured in the wavelength range of 200-400nm (ASTM-G173).

[0085] The experimental data are shown in Table 5 Table 5: Test results of the effect of fluorination process parameters on superhydrophobicity

[0086] Experimental Summary The synergistic effect of fluorinated gas flow and perfluoroalkyl grafting rate directly determines the chemical stability and physical durability of the super-hydrophobic coating. In Example 2, plasma deposition with a hexafluoropropylene flow rate of 180mL / min increased the fluorine atom coverage to 68.5% (XPS analysis), and a dense perfluorocarbon layer (-CF2-CF3) was formed on the fiber surface, and the surface energy was reduced to 12mN / m (contact angle 152°). At the same time, the high fluorination coverage blocked ultraviolet rays through a dual mechanism of scattering and absorption (Mie scattering model), with an absorptivity of 97.2%. However, due to insufficient flow (50mL / min), the fluorine atom coverage of Comparative Example 6 was only 42.3%, the surface energy rose to 28mN / m, the ultraviolet transmittance increased to 15.4%, and the contact angle fell below 120° after washing 45 times.

[0087] The grafting rate of perfluoroalkyl groups is insufficient (e.g., 60% of Comparative Example 9), resulting in uneven distribution of fluorocarbon chains on the fiber surface (AFM shows island structure), and the micro-roughness (Ra value) decreases from 1.2 μm of Example 2 to 0.6 μm, which cannot effectively capture air to form a Cassie-Baxter state. The droplets repeatedly impact the defect area (SEM observation crack width > 500 nm) during the washing process, accelerating the peeling of the fluorine layer, and the washing life is shortened to 32 times. In contrast, the high fluorination coverage and uniform micro-nano structure of Example 2 can resist mechanical friction and chemical corrosion, maintaining a contact angle > 120° for more than 100 washing cycles.

[0088] The stability of superhydrophobic performance depends on the precise matching of process parameters and material design. When the flow rate of hexafluoropropylene is > 150 mL / min, the plasma deposition rate reaches 15 nm / min (J. Appl. Phys. 2020), ensuring continuous and defect-free fluorocarbon layer; and when the grafting rate of perfluoroalkyl groups is > 85% (XPS F atomic content > 65%), the chemical inertness is significantly improved, resisting ultraviolet degradation and humid heat aging.

[0089] Experiment 6: Verification of the correlation between hydrophilic fibers and comfort Purpose of the experiment: To verify the comprehensive influence of the water absorption rate of hydrophilic fibers on air permeability, antistatic property and subjective comfort.

[0090] Experimental procedure Sample preparation: Example 1: Polyvinyl alcohol fiber (water absorption rate 30%) blended fabric; Example 3: Polyamide 6 fiber (water absorption rate 26%) blended fabric; Comparative Example 3: Ordinary polyester (water absorption rate 5%) blended fabric.

[0091] Test environment: Temperature 25℃±1℃, humidity 50%±5% (ISO-291 standard environment).

[0092] Test instruments: Air permeability: air permeability tester (FX3300); Softness: fabric softness tester (Handle-O-Meter, ASTM-D4032); Subjective comfort: 10-person blind test group (scoring standard: 1-10 points, 10 being the best).

[0093] Test procedure: Scoring standards and execution

[0094] Data recording and results

[0095] Critical Control Points Blind test design: Sample numbers are randomized (A / B / C), and the testers are unaware of the corresponding groups; Unified environment: constant temperature and humidity (25℃±1℃, 50%RH) to avoid external interference; Data desensitization: only the mean and standard deviation are disclosed, and the tester's personal information is hidden.

[0096] Air permeability: Measure the air permeability at a pressure difference of 100 Pa (GB / T5453); Softness: measures the bending stiffness of the fabric (unit: mN·cm); Subjective comfort: Rating after 30 minutes of wearing (taking into account breathability, moisture absorption, and touch).

[0097] The experimental data are shown in Table 6 Table 6: Test results of correlation between water absorption rate of hydrophilic fibers and comfort

[0098] Experimental Summary The improved comfort of hydrophilic fibers stems from their dynamic balance of moisture absorption and release. The high-density hydroxyl (-OH) groups in polyvinyl alcohol fibers absorb ambient moisture through hydrogen bonds (water absorption rate 29.5%), forming a water film approximately 50 nm thick on the fiber surface (AFM observation). This not only reduces surface resistivity (Example 1 electrostatically adsorbed dust 0.21 g / m²) but also regulates microenvironmental temperature through evaporative heat dissipation, achieving an air permeability of 348 mm / s. Polyamide 6 fibers, despite having slightly weaker polarity due to their amide (-CONH-) groups, still maintain a moisture absorption rate of 26.1%. The flexibility of their molecular chains (DSC glass transition temperature Tg = 50°C) imparts moderate softness to the fabric (bending stiffness 15.8 mN·cm). In contrast, the conventional polyester in Comparative Example 3, dominated by hydrophobic ester (-COO-) groups, has a moisture absorption rate of only 4.7%, with moisture present as isolated droplets (contact angle > 120°). This suppresses the air permeability to 121 mm / s, resulting in a noticeable feeling of stuffiness when worn (subjective rating 4.3).

[0099] Further analysis revealed that the moisture absorption capacity of hydrophilic fibers is directly related to their porosity. The microporous structure of polyvinyl alcohol fibers (BET surface area 12 m² / g) enhances moisture absorption efficiency through capillary action, while the dense surface of conventional polyester (porosity <5%) hinders air circulation, resulting in a simultaneous decrease in both air permeability and moisture absorption. Furthermore, the hydrophilic fibers slightly improve in softness due to swelling (thickness increases by 8% in Example 1), while the rigid molecular chains of Comparative Example 3 (65% crystallinity as determined by FTIR) result in a rough feel (with "itchiness" accounting for >70% of the subjective rating).

[0100] The comfort of hydrophilic fibers is essentially the result of a combination of chemical composition, microstructure, and environmental response. High water absorption (≥25%) provides moisture buffering through a hydrogen bond network, while moderate porosity and molecular chain flexibility balance breathability and mechanical properties.

[0101] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An easy-to-decontaminate flame-retardant sofa fabric, characterized in that: The fabric comprises the following components in parts by weight: Polyester fiber: 30-50 parts; Aramid flame retardant fiber: 20-40 parts; High-performance conductive fiber: 5-15 parts; Super hydrophobic fiber: 10-20 parts; Hydrophilic fiber: 10-20 parts.

2. The easy-to-decontaminate flame-retardant sofa fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polyester fibers include polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyisophorone terephthalate and copolymer polyester fibers thereof; the aramid flame retardant fibers include polyaryletherketone fibers and aramid fibers.

3. The easy-to-decontaminate flame-retardant sofa fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high performance conductive fiber is a carbon fiber, polyaniline, or polypyrrole conductive polymer fiber, and the specific resistance of the conductive fiber is less than 10 -3 Ω·cm; the super-hydrophobic fiber is polytetrafluoroethylene fiber or fluorinated silane fiber, and the contact angle of the fiber is greater than 120°.

4. The easy-to-decontaminate flame-retardant sofa fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrophilic fiber is polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyamide fiber, or polyurethane fiber, and the water absorption rate of the hydrophilic fiber is not less than 25%.

5. A method for preparing an easy-to-decontaminate flame-retardant sofa fabric, applied to the easy-to-decontaminate flame-retardant sofa fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Fiber blending and spinning: blending polyester fiber, aramid flame retardant fiber, high-performance conductive fiber, super hydrophobic fiber and hydrophilic fiber according to a mass ratio to obtain a blended fiber; S2. Coating treatment: performing surface coating treatment on the blended fiber, applying flame retardant and nanoparticles, and performing curing treatment; S3. Irradiation modification: Irradiate the coated fiber to allow the flame retardant to chemically bond with the fiber; S4. Surface energy regulation treatment: Surface energy regulation treatment is performed on the surface of the fabric to make it both hydrophobic and hydrophilic; S5. Cleaning and drying: Clean the treated fabric to remove unreacted monomers and excess substances, and then dry it.

6. The method for preparing an easy-to-decontaminate flame-retardant sofa fabric according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S1, the fibers are mixed and woven using a high-speed spinning machine, the spinning machine speed is controlled at 2000-4000 rpm / min, the temperature is controlled at 100°C-180°C during the blending process, and the humidity is maintained at 40%-60%, so as to ensure uniform mixing and sufficient interweaving of the fibers and form a stable blended fiber structure.

7. The method for preparing an easy-to-decontaminate flame-retardant sofa fabric according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, the coating treatment is performed by dipping and spraying using a dipping-spraying device, the coating solution contains nano-ZnO, antimony trioxide nanoparticles and a phosphorus flame retardant, the ratio of the three is in the range of 1:1:2 to 2:1:3, the immersion time is controlled at 20-40 minutes, the coating thickness is 10-20 μm, and then a hot air curing furnace is used to cure at 50° C.-80° C. for 10-15 minutes.

8. The method for preparing an easy-to-decontaminate flame-retardant sofa fabric according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, the irradiation modification is performed using an electron beam irradiation device, the electron beam energy is set at 20-40 kGy, the irradiation time is 1-3 hours, the irradiation environment temperature is maintained at 25°C-45°C, and the humidity is controlled at 30%-50% to promote the chemical bonding between the flame retardant coating and the fiber.

9. The method for preparing an easy-to-decontaminate flame-retardant sofa fabric according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S4, the surface energy regulation treatment adopts plasma treatment equipment, first pre-treatment is carried out for 3-5 minutes by low-temperature nitrogen plasma power of 100W-200W, then adjusted to high-power plasma of 200W-300W and treated with oxygen or fluorinated gas flow rate of 100-200mL / min for 5-10 minutes, and the temperature is controlled at 20℃-50℃ to form a superhydrophobic and antifouling structure on the surface of the fabric.

10. The method for preparing an easy-to-decontaminate flame-retardant sofa fabric according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S5, ultrasonic cleaning equipment is used for cleaning, using a mixed solution of deionized water and ethanol in a volume ratio of 1:1 to 3:1, and ultrasonic cleaning is performed at a water temperature of 30°C-40°C for 5-10 minutes to remove residues. After cleaning, a centrifugal dryer is used at a speed of 800-1200 rpm to remove excess liquid, and then the product is sent to a hot air drying furnace with a drying temperature set at 75°C-85°C and a drying time of 15-20 minutes.

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