Dike engineering bottom plate formwork erecting construction method and system based on cable-stayed-support synergistic effect

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of dike engineering bottom plate formwork erecting construction, and particularly discloses a dike engineering bottom plate formwork erecting construction method and system based on a cable-stayed-support synergistic effect. The dike engineering bottom plate formwork erecting construction method comprises the steps that after a dike foundation pit is excavated, the position of an anchoring point is positioned through a geological radar scanning technology; a carbon fiber reinforced polymer sleeve micro pile is implanted in a soft soil foundation area, and a self-induction type anchor cable tensiometer is pre-buried in the pile; stayed cables are arranged along a preset path, the lower ends of the stayed cables are connected with the micro piles through hot casting alloy anchorage devices, stainless steel anti-rust sleeves are arranged at the pile-cable connecting positions, and epoxy resin sealant is filled in the stainless steel anti-rust sleeves; according to the invention, by constructing a cable-stayed-bracket synergistic system, flexible cable-stayed support and rigid bracket support are organically combined, so that dynamic distribution and efficient transmission of load between a cable-stayed system and a bracket system are realized, the structure stress is more uniform and reasonable, the structure damage caused by overlarge local load is avoided, and the service life of the cable-stayed system and the bracket system is prolonged. And the structural safety and stability in the construction process are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of dike engineering bottom plate formwork construction, and in particular relates to a dike engineering bottom plate formwork construction method and system based on the coordinated action of inclined-stayed supports. Background Art

[0002] During the construction of embankment bottom slab formwork, traditional methods primarily utilize full-frame scaffolding or independent cable-stayed systems. While structurally stable, full-frame scaffolding systems require extensive ground supports, resulting in high material consumption, complex force transmission, and a high risk of overall scaffold instability in complex geological conditions. Independent cable-stayed systems, while reducing ground supports, have a single load transfer path, place extremely high demands on the anchoring structure, and struggle to effectively address foundation settlement and deformation during construction.

[0003] On the other hand, traditional methods require the installation and removal of supports layer by layer, resulting in long construction cycles and high labor costs. Particularly in complex geological conditions, the settlement and deformation of supports are difficult to predict and control, further extending the construction period and increasing the difficulty. Furthermore, the control logic of the stay cables is primarily based on static load considerations, and its ability to handle time-varying effects such as concrete hydration heat and nonlinear vibration is significantly insufficient, making it difficult to ensure construction accuracy and stability.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a bottom plate formwork construction method and system for embankment engineering based on the synergistic effect of the inclined-stayed support, so as to solve the problems of low load transfer efficiency and large material consumption in the existing technology.

[0005] The above information disclosed in this background technology is only for enhancing understanding of the background technology of the present invention and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bottom plate formwork construction method and system for embankment engineering based on the coordinated action of inclined-stayed supports, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A bottom plate formwork construction method for an embankment project based on the coordinated action of a cable-stayed support, comprising:

[0009] After the excavation of the embankment foundation pit was completed, geological radar scanning technology was used to locate the anchor point. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer casing micropiles were implanted in the soft soil foundation area. Self-sensing anchor tension meters were embedded in the piles. The inclined cables were arranged along the predetermined path. The lower ends of the inclined cables were connected to the micropiles through hot-cast alloy anchors. Stainless steel anti-rust sleeves were installed at the pile-cable connection and filled with epoxy resin sealant.

[0010] A gradient stiffness support system is built, wherein: a steel mixed foundation is poured at the bottom, a steel mixed foundation top surface is embedded with anchor bolts, and the anchor bolts are connected with flanges of telescopic carbon steel columns of the support system, X-shaped cross braces are connected between middle support vertical rods, and a magnetorheological fluid energy dissipator is arranged at the center of the intersection point, and the magnetorheological fluid energy dissipator is hinged with the X-shaped cross brace through high-strength pins at both ends;

[0011] A double-ear plate hinged support is welded on the top support beam, a hydraulic damping connector is integrated on the inner side, an upper end of the stay cable is connected with the ear plate pin shaft through an alloy anchor, and a shape memory alloy hinged joint is installed at the intersection of the middle support vertical rod and the top support beam, an upper half is bolted with the top support beam, and a lower half is threadedly sleeved with the middle support vertical rod;

[0012] The digital twin model is used to simulate the concrete pouring process, the stress conditions of the stay cable and the gradient stiffness support system under different pouring speeds are predicted, the tension ratio of the stay cable and the gradient stiffness support system, the angle between the stay cable and the horizontal plane, and the verticality deviation of the middle support vertical rod are dynamically optimized according to the monitoring data of the self-induction anchor cable tension meter;

[0013] The laser radar is used to scan the deformation of the post-pouring bottom plate formwork, the fiber Bragg grating sensor is used to monitor the stay cable force in real time, the collected data is input into the fuzzy PID controller, the damping coefficient of the hydraulic damping connector is adjusted in real time, when the concrete strength reaches 80% of the design value, the shape memory alloy hinged joint is executed to perform the electric heating triggering phase change operation, the constraint force of the middle support vertical rod is released, and the stay cable prestress is simultaneously unloaded in stages.

[0014] Preferably, the micropile is formed by a vacuum-assisted resin infusion process, the axial stiffness of the pile body changes in a gradient, and the relationship between the pile length and the embankment soft soil layer thickness is optimized.

[0015]

[0016] Wherein, K p is the axial stiffness of the micropile, L is the pile length, D z is the pile diameter, E is the material elastic modulus, and K0 is the pile side soil pressure coefficient.

[0017] Preferably, the yield shear of the magnetorheological fluid energy dissipator is calculated according to the formula τ = τ0 + αH 2 , wherein H is the real-time concrete pouring height, τ0 is the initial yield stress, and α is the material coefficient, the piston rod of the hydraulic damping connector is rigidly connected with the alloy anchor at the upper end of the stay cable, the cylinder is fixedly connected with the double-ear plate hinged support through high-strength bolts, and the piston stroke is limited to ±50mm.

[0018] Preferably, the diameter D e of the ear plate pin shaft and the ear plate hole diameter d of the double-ear plate hinged support satisfy d = D e+0.5mm intermittent mixing, the ear plate thickness t of the double-ear plate hinged support and the design tension T of the inclined cable meet t≥0.02T+10mm, and the ear plate spacing is 1.2 times the pin shaft diameter D.

[0019] Preferably, the digital twin model integrates the concrete hydration heat-structure coupling algorithm to predict the relaxation effect compensation ΔT of the inclined cable under different pouring speeds. The compensation formula is: Where β and γ are material constants, Q is the accumulated hydration heat, and s is the duration of hydration heat.

[0020] Preferably, the shape memory alloy hinge node consists of two parts, the upper part is a NiTiNb alloy memory ring connected to the top bracket beam, and the lower part is a threaded steel sleeve sleeved with the middle bracket pole, and the gap between the two is filled with graphene thermal paste.

[0021] Preferably, the shape memory alloy hinge node undergoes austenite phase transformation when electrically heated to 60°C to 80°C, and the generated directional restoring force is calculated according to the formula F=K·(θ-θ0), where K is the shape recovery coefficient, θ is the actual rotation angle, θ0 is the preset critical angle, and the power heating temperature control accuracy is ±2°C.

[0022] A dike engineering bottom plate formwork construction system based on the coordinated action of the inclined-stayed support, comprising:

[0023] The geological survey and anchoring unit is used to scan the anchor point location after the embankment foundation pit is excavated and to implant carbon fiber reinforced polymer casing micropiles with self-sensing anchor cable tension meters embedded in the piles;

[0024] The cable-stayed-support collaborative control unit is used to build a gradient stiffness support system. At the same time, the cable-stayed cables are arranged along a predetermined path. Combined with shape memory alloy hinge nodes, a cable-stayed-support collaborative system is formed to dynamically distribute and transfer loads between the cable-stayed system and the support system.

[0025] The digital twin control unit simulates the concrete pouring process, predicts the stress conditions of the cable and support system, and combines monitoring data from the self-sensing anchor tension meter to dynamically optimize the tension ratio, cable angle, and support verticality deviation.

[0026] A real-time monitoring and feedback unit uses a laser radar to scan the deformation of the base plate formwork after pouring. Fiber Bragg grating sensors monitor the cable tension in real time, and the collected data is input into a fuzzy PID controller to adjust the damping coefficient of the hydraulic damping connector in real time.

[0027] The prestressed graded unloading unit is used to trigger the phase change of the shape memory alloy hinged node and synchronously unload the prestress of the inclined cable in stages when the concrete strength reaches 80% of the design value.

[0028] Preferably, the gradient stiffness support system absorbs uneven foundation settlement through the steel-concrete foundation, the retractable columns compensate for elevation errors, and the magnetorheological fluid energy absorber adjusts the damping characteristics in real time according to the construction vibration conditions to achieve efficient dissipation of vibration energy.

[0029] Preferably, the real-time monitoring and feedback unit integrates multi-source sensor data, implements multi-parameter closed-loop control through a fuzzy PID control algorithm, and optimizes the nonlinear vibration problem of the inclined cable.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] This invention constructs a synergistic cable-stayed support system, organically combining flexible cable-stayed supports with rigid support. This achieves dynamic load distribution and efficient transfer between the cable-stayed and support systems. The cable-stayed cables serve as the primary force-transmitting components, and the cable forces work in synergy with the support forces of the support system to jointly bear the construction load. This effectively disperses the concentrated loads found in traditional support systems, reduces pressure on single support points, and significantly improves load transfer efficiency. This synergistic mechanism ensures more uniform and reasonable load distribution, avoids structural damage caused by excessive local loads, and enhances structural safety and stability during construction.

[0032] This invention significantly reduces material consumption through an optimized structural design. The introduction of stay cables eliminates the need for beams, columns, and other components commonly found in traditional support systems. These components typically occupy a significant amount of material and space in conventional full-height support systems. By synergizing the stay cables with the support system, the same support effect can be achieved with less material. Furthermore, the rigid support system is more compact and efficient, reducing unnecessary material waste. This optimized design not only reduces material costs but also improves material utilization, maximizing the effectiveness of each unit of material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the bottom plate formwork construction method for embankment engineering based on the coordinated action of the inclined-stayed support structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a framework diagram of the dike engineering bottom plate formwork construction system based on the coordinated action of the inclined-stayed support frame of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1:

[0037] See also Figure 1 As shown, a bottom plate formwork construction method for an embankment project based on the coordinated action of a cable-stayed support comprises:

[0038] After the excavation of the embankment foundation pit is completed, the anchor point position is located using geological radar scanning technology, and carbon fiber reinforced polymer casing micropiles are implanted in the soft soil foundation area, with self-sensing anchor cable tension meters embedded in the piles;

[0039] The micropiles are formed using a vacuum-assisted resin infusion process, with a gradient variation in the axial stiffness of the pile body, which optimizes the relationship between the pile length and the thickness of the soft soil layer of the embankment;

[0040] The cables are arranged along the predetermined path, and the lower ends of the cables are connected to the micropiles through hot-cast alloy anchors. Stainless steel anti-rust sleeves are installed at the pile-cable connection and filled with epoxy resin sealant.

[0041] Furthermore, by using geological radar scanning technology to accurately locate the anchor points, combined with carbon fiber reinforced polymer micropiles, resin injection technology and inclined cables, the stability of the embankment foundation pit was effectively enhanced, the relationship between pile length and soft soil thickness was optimized, the tensile and compressive properties of the structure were improved, the service life was extended, and it has good corrosion resistance and seismic resistance, ensuring the safety and reliability of the embankment.

[0042] Build a gradient stiffness support system, including:

[0043] The bottom is cast with steel composite foundation, and the top surface of the steel composite foundation is pre-embedded with anchor bolts, which are connected to the flange of the retractable carbon steel column of the support system;

[0044] The middle support poles are connected by X-shaped cross braces. A magnetorheological fluid energy absorber is set at the center of the intersection. The two ends of the magnetorheological fluid energy absorber are hinged to the X-shaped cross brace through high-strength pins.

[0045] The piston rod of the hydraulic damping connector is rigidly connected to the alloy anchor at the upper end of the inclined cable, and the cylinder is fixedly connected to the double-ear plate hinged support through high-strength bolts, and the piston stroke is limited to ±50mm.

[0046] Furthermore, a gradient stiffness design, combined with the innovative use of a steel-hybrid foundation, X-shaped cross bracing, and magnetorheological fluid (MRF) absorbers, effectively enhances the structure's seismic and wind resistance. The MRF absorbers improve dynamic response by adjusting their energy dissipation characteristics. The connection between the hydraulic dampers and the stay cables further enhances structural stability, effectively absorbing and reducing external forces, and ensuring the safety and reliability of the support system under various operating conditions.

[0047] The top support beam is welded with a double-ear plate hinged support, with an integrated hydraulic damping connector on the inside, and the upper end of the inclined cable is connected to the ear plate pin through an alloy anchor;

[0048] Ear plate pin diameter D e The diameter d of the ear plate of the hinged support with two ear plates exists d=D e +0.5mm intermittent mixing, the ear plate thickness t of the double-ear plate hinged support and the design tension T of the inclined cable meet t≥0.02T+10mm, and the ear plate spacing is 1.2 times the pin shaft diameter D;

[0049] Furthermore, by optimizing the clearance between the lug pins and the lug thickness, the support structure achieves higher load-bearing capacity and stability. The close fit between the hydraulic damping connector and the stay cable effectively enhances shock absorption. The rationally designed lug pin size and spacing allow for greater tensile strength, ensuring the safety and reliability of the structure under load, while also improving overall earthquake and wind resistance.

[0050] The shape memory alloy hinge node is installed at the intersection of the middle support pole and the top support beam, with the upper part bolted to the top support beam and the lower part threaded to the middle support pole;

[0051] The shape memory alloy hinge node consists of two parts: the upper part is a NiTiNb alloy memory ring connected to the top support beam, and the lower part is a threaded steel sleeve that is sleeved with the middle support rod. The gap between the two is filled with graphene thermal paste.

[0052] Furthermore, shape memory alloy hinged joints achieve efficient connection between the central support uprights and the top support crossbars. The temperature-control properties of the NiTiNb alloy memory rings automatically adjust the joint stiffness according to ambient temperature changes, enhancing the structure's adaptability. The addition of graphene thermal paste improves thermal conductivity, enhancing the joint's thermal stability and durability, thereby optimizing the overall performance of the support system and ensuring the structure's reliability and stability in diverse environments.

[0053] Use digital twin models to simulate the concrete pouring process and predict the stress conditions of the inclined cables and gradient stiffness support system at different pouring speeds;

[0054] The digital twin model integrates the concrete hydration thermal-structural coupling algorithm to predict the relaxation effect compensation of the inclined cable under different pouring speeds;

[0055] Combined with the monitoring data of the self-sensing anchor cable tension meter, the tension ratio of the inclined cable and the gradient stiffness support system, the angle between the inclined cable and the horizontal plane, and the verticality deviation of the middle support pole are dynamically optimized;

[0056] Furthermore, by accurately simulating the concrete pouring process through a digital twin model, combined with a hydration heat-structure coupling algorithm and monitoring data, the dynamic prediction and optimization of the stress conditions of the cable-stayed structure and the gradient stiffness support system were achieved. Real-time prediction of the cable relaxation compensation at different pouring speeds ensured optimal control of the structural tension ratio, the verticality of the support system, and the cable angles. This enhanced structural stability and precise control capabilities during construction, significantly improving project quality and safety.

[0057] LiDAR is used to scan the deformation of the base plate formwork after pouring, and fiber Bragg grating sensors monitor the cable tension in real time. The collected data is input into the fuzzy PID controller to adjust the damping coefficient of the hydraulic damping connector in real time.

[0058] When the concrete strength reaches 80% of the design value, the shape memory alloy hinge node is electrothermally triggered to undergo phase change operation, releasing the restraining force of the middle support pole and simultaneously unloading the prestress of the inclined cable in stages;

[0059] The shape memory alloy hinge node undergoes austenite phase transformation when heated to 60℃~80℃, generating a directional restoring force. The power heating temperature control accuracy is ±2℃.

[0060] Furthermore, the use of precise temperature control and the directional restoring force of phase change materials not only improves the adaptive ability, but also ensures the stability and safety of the structure during construction, optimizing the overall construction efficiency and structural performance.

[0061] See also Figure 2 As shown, a bottom plate formwork construction system for embankment engineering based on the coordinated action of the inclined-stayed support, comprising:

[0062] The geological survey and anchoring unit is used to scan the anchor point location after the embankment foundation pit is excavated and to implant carbon fiber reinforced polymer casing micropiles with self-sensing anchor cable tension meters embedded in the piles;

[0063] The cable-stayed-support collaborative control unit is used to build a gradient stiffness support system. At the same time, the cable-stayed cables are arranged along a predetermined path. Combined with shape memory alloy hinge nodes, a cable-stayed-support collaborative system is formed to dynamically distribute and transfer loads between the cable-stayed system and the support system.

[0064] The gradient stiffness support system absorbs uneven ground settlement through a steel-concrete foundation, retractable columns compensate for elevation errors, and magnetorheological fluid energy absorbers adjust damping characteristics in real time according to construction vibration conditions, achieving efficient dissipation of vibration energy.

[0065] A digital twin control unit is used to simulate the concrete pouring process, predict the stress of the cable-stayed cable and support system, and dynamically optimize the tension ratio, cable angle and support verticality deviation in combination with the monitoring data of the self-induction anchor cable tension meter.

[0066] A real-time monitoring and feedback unit is used to scan the post-pouring formwork deformation of the bottom plate using a laser radar, and real-time monitoring of the cable force is performed using a fiber Bragg grating sensor. The collected data is input into a fuzzy PID controller to adjust the damping coefficient of the hydraulic damping connector in real time.

[0067] The real-time monitoring and feedback unit fuses multi-source sensor data and realizes multi-parameter closed-loop regulation and control through a fuzzy PID control algorithm, and optimizes the non-linear vibration problem of the cable-stayed cable.

[0068] A prestress staged unloading unit is used to trigger the phase change of the shape memory alloy hinged node when the concrete strength reaches 80% of the design value, and simultaneously stage unloads the prestress of the cable-stayed cable.

[0069] Example 2:

[0070] Application example: bottom formwork construction process of embankment engineering project

[0071] A certain embankment engineering project is located along the river, with complex geological conditions, mainly soft soil foundation. In order to ensure the stability and safety of the embankment engineering, it is decided to use a bottom formwork construction method and system based on the collaborative action of cable-stayed support to carry out the bottom formwork construction.

[0072] I. Construction preparation

[0073] (1) Ground penetrating radar scanning:

[0074] The staff uses the ground penetrating radar to scan the embankment foundation pit, locates the anchoring point position, and ensures the accuracy of the micro pile implantation position.

[0075] (2) Micro pile implantation:

[0076] Carbon fiber reinforced polymer sleeve micro piles are implanted in the soft soil foundation area, and self-induction anchor cable tension meters are pre-buried in the piles. The micro piles are formed using vacuum-assisted resin infusion technology, and the axial stiffness gradient of the pile body changes to adapt to different depths of soft soil layers.

[0077] (3) Cable-stayed cable arrangement:

[0078] The cable-stayed cable is arranged along the predetermined path, and the lower end of the cable-stayed cable is connected to the micro pile through a hot cast alloy anchor. A stainless steel anti-rust sleeve is provided at the pile-cable connection, and epoxy resin sealant is filled to ensure the sealing and durability of the connection.

[0079] II. Support system construction

[0080] (1) Steel mixed foundation pouring:

[0081] A steel-mixed foundation is cast at the bottom of the foundation pit, and anchor bolts are embedded in the top surface of the foundation to provide stable support for the subsequent construction of the support system.

[0082] (2) Construction of gradient stiffness support system:

[0083] The support system's retractable carbon steel columns are connected to the steel-composite foundation via flanges. The central support columns are connected by X-shaped cross braces, with a magnetorheological fluid (MRF) energy dissipator installed at the intersection. This MRF energy dissipator adjusts its damping properties in real time based on construction vibrations, effectively dissipating vibration energy.

[0084] (3) Top bracket installation:

[0085] The top support beam is welded with a double-ear plate hinged support, with an integrated hydraulic damping connector on the inside. The upper end of the inclined cable is connected to the ear plate pin via an alloy anchor. A shape memory alloy hinge node is installed at the intersection of the middle support column and the top support beam, enabling adaptive deformation of the support system.

[0086] 3. Concrete pouring and monitoring

[0087] (1) Concrete pouring:

[0088] A digital twin model was used to simulate the concrete pouring process and predict the stresses on the stay cables and the gradient stiffness support system at different pouring speeds. Combined with monitoring data from a self-sensing anchor tension meter, the tension ratio between the stay cables and the gradient stiffness support system, the angle between the stay cables and the horizontal plane, and the verticality deviation of the central support poles were dynamically optimized.

[0089] (2) Real-time monitoring and feedback:

[0090] LiDAR scans the deformation of the baseplate formwork after pouring, and fiber Bragg grating sensors monitor the cable tension in real time. The collected data is input into a fuzzy PID controller to adjust the damping coefficient of the hydraulic damping connector in real time, ensuring stability and safety during construction.

[0091] 4. Prestressed unloading and acceptance

[0092] (1) Prestressed graded unloading:

[0093] When the concrete strength reaches 80% of the design value, an electrothermal phase change is triggered at the shape memory alloy hinge joints, releasing the restraining force of the central support columns and simultaneously unloading the prestressed cable in stages. This step ensures a smooth transition of the support system after construction and reduces structural deformation caused by the sudden release of prestress.

[0094] (2) Acceptance and evaluation:

[0095] After the construction is completed, the formwork of the bottom plate is comprehensively accepted, the flatness, perpendicularity and stability are checked, and the data records in the construction process are evaluated to verify the effectiveness and reliability of the cable-stayed-bracket coordination system.

[0096] Through the above application examples, it can be seen that the embankment engineering bottom plate formwork construction method based on the cable-stayed-bracket coordination has effectiveness and superiority in actual engineering projects, significantly improves the construction efficiency, reduces the cost, and ensures the safety and stability of the construction.

[0097] Embodiment 3:

[0098] The embodiment of the application also provides a computer readable storage medium, and the computer readable storage medium stores a program of the embankment engineering bottom plate formwork construction method based on the cable-stayed-bracket coordination according to any one of the above, the program is executed by the processor to realize each process of the construction method embodiment, and the same technical effect can be achieved, to avoid repetition, which will not be repeated here. The computer readable storage medium, such as read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk, etc.

[0099] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms is not necessarily for the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, the skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in the present specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0100] The drawings of the disclosed embodiments of the present application only involve the structures involved in the disclosed embodiments of the present application, and other structures can refer to the usual design, and in the case of no conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other.

[0101] The flowchart shown in the drawings is only an example description, and it is not necessary to include all the contents and operations / steps, and it is not necessary to execute in the order described. For example, some operations / steps can also be decomposed, combined or partially combined, so the actual execution order may be changed according to the actual situation.

[0102] While embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are merely exemplary of the principles and application of the present application. Numerous modifications and adaptions can be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, which is not limited to the exact construction and arrangement described. It is intended, therefore, to cover all modifications and adaptions that fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a bottom plate formwork for an embankment project based on the synergistic effect of a cable-stayed support, characterized in that: include: After the excavation of the embankment foundation pit was completed, geological radar scanning technology was used to locate the anchor point. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer casing micropiles were implanted in the soft soil foundation area. Self-sensing anchor tension meters were embedded in the piles. The inclined cables were arranged along the predetermined path. The lower ends of the inclined cables were connected to the micropiles through hot-cast alloy anchors. Stainless steel anti-rust sleeves were installed at the pile-cable connection and filled with epoxy resin sealant. Build a gradient stiffness support system, where: a steel-concrete foundation is cast at the bottom, anchor bolts are embedded on the top surface of the steel-concrete foundation, and the flanges are connected to the retractable carbon steel columns of the support system. The middle support columns are connected by X-shaped cross braces, and a magnetorheological fluid energy dissipator is set at the center of the intersection. The two ends of the magnetorheological fluid energy dissipator are hinged to the X-shaped cross braces through high-strength pins. The top support beam is welded with a double-ear plate hinged support, with an integrated hydraulic damping connector on the inside. The upper end of the inclined cable is connected to the ear plate pin through an alloy anchor. The shape memory alloy hinge node is installed at the intersection of the middle support pole and the top support beam. The upper half is bolted to the top support beam, and the lower half is threaded with the middle support pole. The digital twin model simulates the concrete pouring process and predicts the stress conditions of the inclined cables and gradient stiffness support system at different pouring speeds. Combined with monitoring data from the self-sensing anchor cable tension meter, the tension ratio of the inclined cables and gradient stiffness support system, the angle between the inclined cables and the horizontal plane, and the verticality deviation of the central support pole are dynamically optimized. LiDAR is used to scan the deformation of the base plate formwork after pouring, and fiber Bragg grating sensors monitor the cable tension in real time. The collected data is input into the fuzzy PID controller to adjust the damping coefficient of the hydraulic damping connector in real time. When the concrete strength reaches 80% of the design value, an electrothermal triggered phase change operation is performed on the shape memory alloy hinge node to release the constraint force of the middle support pole and simultaneously unload the prestress of the cable in stages.

2. The method for constructing a bottom slab formwork for an embankment project based on the coordinated action of a diagonal-stayed support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micropiles are formed using a vacuum-assisted resin infusion process, with a gradient change in the axial stiffness of the pile body, which optimizes the relationship between the pile length and the thickness of the soft soil layer of the embankment: Among them, K p is the axial stiffness of the micropile, L is the pile length, D z is the pile diameter, E is the elastic modulus of the material, and K0 is the earth pressure coefficient on the pile side.

3. The method for constructing a bottom slab formwork for an embankment project based on the coordinated action of a diagonal-stayed support according to claim 2, characterized in that: The yield shear force of the magnetorheological fluid energy dissipator is calculated as τ=τ0+αH 2 Calculation, where H is the real-time concrete pouring height, τ0 is the initial yield stress, α is the material coefficient, the piston rod of the hydraulic damping connector is rigidly connected to the alloy anchor at the upper end of the inclined cable, the cylinder is fixedly connected to the double-ear plate hinged support by high-strength bolts, and the piston stroke is limited to ±50mm.

4. The method for constructing bottom slab formwork for embankment engineering based on the coordinated action of the inclined-stayed support according to claim 3 is characterized by: The diameter D of the ear plate pin e The diameter d of the ear plate of the hinged support with two ear plates exists d=D e +0.5mm intermittent mixing, the ear plate thickness t of the double-ear plate hinged support and the design tension T of the inclined cable meet t≥0.02T+10mm, and the ear plate spacing is 1.2 times the pin shaft diameter D.

5. The method for constructing bottom slab formwork for embankment engineering based on the coordinated action of the inclined-stayed support according to claim 4, characterized in that: The digital twin model integrates the concrete hydration thermal-structural coupling algorithm to predict the relaxation effect compensation ΔT of the inclined cable under different pouring speeds. The compensation formula is: Where β and γ are material constants, Q is the accumulated hydration heat, and s is the duration of hydration heat.

6. The method for constructing bottom slab formwork for embankment engineering based on the coordinated action of the inclined-stayed support according to claim 5, characterized in that: The shape memory alloy hinge node consists of two parts, the upper part is a NiTiNb alloy memory ring connected to the top bracket beam, and the lower part is a threaded steel sleeve connected to the middle bracket vertical rod, and the gap between the two is filled with graphene thermal paste.

7. The method for constructing bottom slab formwork for embankment engineering based on the coordinated action of the inclined-stayed support according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shape memory alloy hinge node undergoes austenite phase transformation when electrically heated to 60°C to 80°C, and the generated directional restoring force is calculated according to the formula F=K·(θ-θ0), where K is the shape recovery coefficient, θ is the actual rotation angle, θ0 is the preset critical angle, and the power heating temperature control accuracy is ±2°C.

8. A dike engineering bottom plate formwork construction system based on the coordinated action of the inclined-stayed support, characterized in that: include: The geological survey and anchoring unit is used to scan the anchor point location after the embankment foundation pit is excavated and to implant carbon fiber reinforced polymer casing micropiles with self-sensing anchor cable tension meters embedded in the piles; The cable-stayed-support collaborative control unit is used to build a gradient stiffness support system. At the same time, the cable-stayed cables are arranged along a predetermined path. Combined with shape memory alloy hinge nodes, a cable-stayed-support collaborative system is formed to dynamically distribute and transfer loads between the cable-stayed system and the support system. The digital twin control unit simulates the concrete pouring process, predicts the stress conditions of the cable and support system, and combines monitoring data from the self-sensing anchor tension meter to dynamically optimize the tension ratio, cable angle, and support verticality deviation. A real-time monitoring and feedback unit uses a laser radar to scan the deformation of the base plate formwork after pouring. Fiber Bragg grating sensors monitor the cable tension in real time, and the collected data is input into a fuzzy PID controller to adjust the damping coefficient of the hydraulic damping connector in real time. The prestressed graded unloading unit is used to trigger the phase change of the shape memory alloy hinged node and synchronously unload the prestress of the inclined cable in stages when the concrete strength reaches 80% of the design value.

9. The dike engineering bottom plate formwork construction system based on the coordinated action of the inclined-stayed support according to claim 8 is characterized by: The gradient stiffness support system absorbs uneven foundation settlement through the steel-concrete foundation, the retractable columns compensate for elevation errors, and the magnetorheological fluid energy absorber adjusts the damping characteristics in real time according to the construction vibration conditions to achieve efficient dissipation of vibration energy.

10. The dike engineering bottom plate formwork construction system based on the coordinated action of the inclined-stayed support according to claim 9 is characterized in that: The real-time monitoring and feedback unit integrates multi-source sensor data, implements multi-parameter closed-loop control through a fuzzy PID control algorithm, and optimizes the nonlinear vibration problem of the inclined cable.

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