High-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soybean cultivation, in particular to a high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method which comprises the following steps: step 1, variety selection: selecting soybean seeds with strong disease resistance, close planting resistance and high yield potential, and removing shriveled seeds, damaged seeds and impurities for fine selection; a previous non-leguminous crop plot is selected, deep ploughing is conducted after autumn harvesting, and a disc harrow is used for harrowing the plot for soil moisture preservation after soil is unfrozen in early spring; the spring soybeans are sown from mid-to-late April to early May, and the summer soybeans are sown from early June to mid-June. Sowing by using a sowing assembly; the fertilizer applying assembly applies fertilizer to the sides of the seeds. 4, field management, wherein first-time intertillage is conducted when the seedling height is 5 cm, and second-time intertillage is conducted when the seedling height is 15-20 cm. Soil water content in the seedling stage is maintained. Topdressing urea per mu at the initial stage of flowering; a monopotassium phosphate solution is sprayed in the early stage of seed filling of the weak-growing land parcels. Integrated operation of soybean sowing and fertilizing can be achieved, the utilization efficiency of agricultural machinery is improved, and the soybean yield is increased.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of soybean cultivation, in particular to a high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Most areas lack agricultural machinery equipment except for a few agricultural machinery cooperatives, and mainly rely on manual seeding, management and harvesting, resulting in high labor costs. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method to adapt to mechanized operation and reduce labor costs.

[0003] In the prior art, for example, a 2BTD-4B electric soybean and corn seeder can automatically seed without manual seeding, meets the agronomic seeding requirements of 2 seeds per hole for corn and 3-4 seeds per hole for soybeans, and greatly reduces the labor intensity of farmers and improves the work efficiency.

[0004] However, in actual use of the electric soybean and corn seeder for high-efficiency cultivation of soybeans, the seeder can only realize single seeding operation, and separate fertilization operation needs to be arranged after seeding, which not only increases the number of agricultural machinery entering the field, resulting in reduced work efficiency, but also may affect the utilization efficiency of fertilizer due to too long interval between fertilization time and seeding time, and it is difficult to meet the timely nutrient demand of soybean growth. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method to solve the problem of disconnection between seeding and fertilization in the prior art, realize integrated operation of seeding and fertilization, improve the utilization efficiency of agricultural machinery, reduce the comprehensive cost, and ensure the nutrient demand of soybeans in the key growth period. SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method for realizing integrated operation of soybean seeding and fertilization, improving the utilization efficiency of agricultural machinery, and improving soybean yield.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows: a high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Variety selection: selecting soybean seeds with strong disease resistance, dense planting resistance and high yield potential, and selecting soybean seeds.

[0008] Step 2: Land preparation: selecting land with non-legume crops as the previous crop, deep plowing the land after harvest, the deep plowing depth is 25-30 cm, and after the land soil is thawed in early spring, the land is plowed to preserve soil moisture.

[0009] Step three, seed dressing: when the soil temperature of the field is stable at 10-12 DEG C, the soybean seeds are sown, the spring soybean is sown in the middle and late April to the early May, and the summer soybean is sown in the early and middle June; when sowing, the soybean seeds are sown on the field by using the sowing assembly on the seed dressing machine, the spacing of the soybean seeds is kept at 10-15 cm, and the sowing depth of the soybean seeds is 3-5 cm; then the fertilizer is applied to the side of the soybean seeds by using the fertilizing assembly on the seed dressing machine.

[0010] Step four, field management: when the soybean grows, the first time of field cultivation is carried out when the soybean seedlings are 5 cm high; the second time of field cultivation is carried out when the soybean seedlings are 15-20 cm high.

[0011] The soil moisture content is kept at 60%-65% during the soybean seedling stage, the soil moisture content is kept at 70%-80% during the soybean flowering and podding stage, and the soil moisture content is kept at 70% during the soybean grain filling stage.

[0012] 5-8 kg of urea fertilizer is applied to each mu of land during the early flowering stage of the soybean, and is applied to the two sides of the soybean plants at 10-15 cm and covered with soil; for the land where the soybean plants grow weakly, potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed during the early grain filling stage of the soybean, 150-200 g of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is mixed with 50 kg of water per mu, and is sprayed for 2 times at intervals of 7-10 days.

[0013] The technical principle of the above scheme is as follows:

[0014] By selecting excellent varieties, the foundation for high yield is laid; deep ploughing and harrowing improve the soil structure and improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity; according to the needs, the seeds are sown in time, the sowing and fertilizing integration operation is matched, the seed germination and nutrient supply in the early growth stage are ensured, and reasonable spacing and depth are beneficial to plant growth; stage-by-stage field cultivation, water control and targeted topdressing can adjust the soil environment, supplement nutrients, meet the needs of different growth stages of soybeans, reduce resource waste, and finally realize high yield and high efficiency.

[0015] The above scheme has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. The present application realizes the integration of sowing and fertilizing operation, adapts to mechanized operation, reduces the number of times of agricultural machinery entering the field and manual intervention, significantly reduces the labor cost and operation cost, avoids the influence of nutrient utilization due to the lag of fertilizing time, and improves the cultivation efficiency.

[0017] 2. The present application selects varieties, scientifically levels the field and carries out stage-by-stage field management, accurately meets the needs of different growth stages of soybeans for variety characteristics, soil conditions, water and nutrients, creates a high-quality environment for soybean growth, and effectively improves the yield and quality per unit area.

[0018] 3、The application adopts differentiated topdressing measures for different growth conditions of plots, avoids nutrient waste, improves fertilizer utilization rate, and at the same time, through reasonable water control and cultivation, enhances the soil permeability and water retention capacity, promotes root development, and provides a solid guarantee for high yield and high efficiency.

[0019] Further, in step one, the selection of soybean seeds includes removing shriveled grains, damaged grains and impurities.

[0020] Beneficial effect: selection can ensure seed purity and fullness, improve germination rate and seedling uniformity.

[0021] Further, in step two, when the plot is raked to preserve soil, a disc harrow is used for operation, the surface soil of the plot is broken into fine soil with uniform particle size by the disc harrow, the soil particle size is controlled within 2-5mm, and the raking depth is controlled within 8-12cm.

[0022] Beneficial effect: raking the plot to preserve soil can benefit soil water and fertilizer conservation, enhance permeability, and facilitate seed germination and root extension; uniform soil particle size can ensure consistent seeding depth and improve seedling quality.

[0023] Further, in step three, the fertilizer assembly includes a fixed seat and a controller, a hopper and a driving member are fixedly connected to the top of the fixed seat, a first belt pulley is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the driving member, and the controller is used to control the rotation of the output shaft of the driving member.

[0024] The bottom of the fixed seat is fixedly connected with a driving box, a feeding pipe and a support rod; the feeding pipe is communicated with an electromagnetic valve, the controller is used to control the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve, a plowing cover is fixedly connected to the side wall of the feeding pipe, a rotary plow is rotatably connected to the side wall of the support rod, a plurality of rotary plow teeth are fixedly connected to the rotary plow, a second belt pulley is coaxially fixedly connected to the side wall of the rotary plow away from the support rod, a third belt pulley is coaxially fixedly connected to the side wall of the second belt pulley away from the rotary plow, and a belt is tensioned between the first belt pulley and the second belt pulley; a shaft is rotatably connected to one side wall of the driving box, a fourth belt pulley is coaxially fixedly connected to one end of the shaft, a fan-shaped gear is fixedly connected to the other end of the shaft, and a belt is also tensioned between the fourth belt pulley and the third belt pulley; the rear end of the movement direction of the fixed seat is provided with a covering assembly for covering the soybean seeds after the seeding assembly scatters the soybean seeds; and the driving box is provided with a ventilation assembly for assisting the air into the soil after covering.

[0025] Beneficial effect: the fertilizer assembly realizes precise fertilizer feeding, the controller can adjust the fertilizer amount and frequency to adapt to different soil fertility requirements; the rotary plow pre-softens the soil to facilitate fertilizer incorporation and improve absorption efficiency.

[0026] Further, in step three, the sowing assembly comprises a hopper provided at the rear end of the fixed seat in the movement direction, a sliding groove is formed in the side wall of the hopper, a seed box is fixedly connected to the top of the hopper, the seed box is communicated with the hopper, a partition plate is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the seed box, first duckbill plates are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the bottom of the hopper, and second duckbill plates are symmetrically and hingedly connected to the bottom of the hopper.

[0027] A spring is embedded in the side wall of the seed box, a push rod is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the spring, the end of the push rod away from the spring penetrates through the side wall of the hopper and is in sliding fit with the outer side wall of the hopper, a connecting rod is fixedly connected to the side wall of the push rod through bolts, the connecting rod penetrates through the hopper and is in sliding fit with the sliding groove, steel wires are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod away from the push rod, and the end of each steel wire away from the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the second duckbill plate adjacent thereto.

[0028] Symmetrically and rotatably fitted with seed distribution wheels are formed in the inner side wall of the hopper, a plurality of seed grooves are formed in the seed distribution wheels in the circumferential direction, ratchets are fixedly connected between adjacent seed distribution wheels, a cavity is formed in the side wall of the push rod in the hopper, a pawl is hingedly connected in the cavity, and the pawl is engaged with the ratchet.

[0029] Advantages: The seed distribution wheel and the ratchet and pawl structure realize precision sowing, ensure uniform seed spacing, and reduce the workload of seedling thinning; the duckbill plate structure is controllable in opening and closing, avoids missing sowing or over-sowing, and improves sowing precision.

[0030] Further, the soil covering assembly comprises L-shaped rods symmetrically and fixedly connected to the rear end of the fixed seat in the movement direction, and the end of each L-shaped rod away from the fixed seat is fixedly connected with a soil covering disc.

[0031] Advantages: The soil covering disc can uniformly cover the soil on the seeds, the thickness is consistent, and it is beneficial to seed temperature and moisture preservation.

[0032] Further, the ventilation assembly comprises a piston cylinder fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the driving box, a piston is in sliding fit in the piston cylinder, a piston rod is fixedly connected to the piston, a crank is hingedly connected to the end of the piston rod away from the piston, and the end of the crank away from the piston rod is eccentrically hingedly connected with the side wall of the sector gear.

[0033] The side wall of the piston cylinder is communicated with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, and the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are both communicated with one-way valves, the air inlet pipe is communicated with the outside of the driving box, and the air holes are all communicated with the air outlet pipe.

[0034] Advantages: The ventilation assembly can inject air into the soil through the movement of the piston, enhance the air permeability, and promote seed respiration and root aerobic metabolism.

[0035] Further, a filter screen is fixedly connected to each air hole.

[0036] Beneficial effect: the filter screen can prevent soil particles from blocking the air holes, ensuring continuous and effective ventilation.

[0037] Further, in step four, the first depth of cultivation is 5-6 cm.

[0038] Beneficial effect: the shallow first cultivation can loosen the surface soil, remove weeds, and reduce the competition for nutrients between weeds and seedlings; at the same time, it does not damage the seedling roots, is beneficial to soil conservation, and provides a loose environment for seedling growth.

[0039] Further, in step four, the second depth of cultivation is 8-10 cm.

[0040] Beneficial effect: the second cultivation deepens the cultivation layer, which can promote the root system to stretch deeper and enhance the plant's resistance to lodging.

[0041] Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the following description, will become apparent from the following description, or will be learned by practice of the application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 The figure is a step diagram of the high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method of the application.

[0043] Figure 2 The figure is an axonometric view of the soybean seeding and fertilizing machine in the high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method of the application.

[0044] Figure 3 The figure is an axonometric view of the seeding assembly in the high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method of the application.

[0045] Figure 4 The figure is a downward sectional axonometric view of the drive box in the high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method of the application.

[0046] Figure 5 The figure is a lateral sectional view of the bucket in the high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method of the application.

[0047] The reference signs in the drawings of the specification include: 1, fixed seat; 2, hopper; 3, DC motor; 4, first belt pulley; 5, drive box; 6, feeding pipe; 7, piston rod; 8, plowing cover; 9, rotary tiller; 10, second belt pulley; 11, third belt pulley; 12, rotating shaft; 13, fourth belt pulley; 14, fan gear; 15, bucket; 16, seed box; 17, first duckbill plate; 18, second duckbill plate; 19, spring; 20, push rod; 21, connecting rod; 22, steel wire; 23, seed separating wheel; 24, ratchet wheel; 25, pawl; 26, H-shaped support; 27, rack; 28, L-shaped rod; 29, covering disc; 30, piston cylinder; 31, crank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0049] Implementation example Figure 1 A high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method comprising the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: Variety selection: Select soybean seeds with strong disease resistance, tolerance to dense planting, and high yield potential. Select the soybean seeds, which includes removing shriveled seeds, broken seeds, and impurities.

[0051] Step 2: Prepare the plot: Select plots previously stalked by non-leguminous crops and plow them deep after the autumn harvest to a depth of 25 cm. Once the soil thaws in early spring, harrow the plots to conserve moisture. Use a disc harrow to break up the topsoil into a uniformly fine soil, keeping the soil particle size within 2 mm. Keep the harrowing depth to 8 cm.

[0052] Step three, sowing and fertilizing: When the soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm below the plot stabilizes at 10°C, start sowing soybean seeds. Spring soybeans are sown in mid-to-late April to early May, and summer soybeans are sown in early to mid-June. When sowing, use the sowing component on the soybean sowing and fertilizing machine to sow the soybean seeds on the plot, keeping the soybean seed spacing at 10 cm and the soybean seed sowing depth at 3 cm. Then use the fertilizing component on the sowing and fertilizing machine to apply fertilizer 5 cm to the side of the soybean seeds.

[0053] Step 4, field management: When soybeans are growing, when the soybean seedlings are 5 cm tall for the first time, the land is tilled for the first time with a tillage depth of 5 cm; when the soybean seedlings are 15 cm tall, the land is tilled for the second time with a tillage depth of 8 cm.

[0054] Keep the soil moisture content at 60% during the soybean seedling stage, keep the soil moisture content at 70% during the soybean flowering and podding stage, and keep the soil moisture content at 70% during the soybean grain filling stage.

[0055] At the early stage of soybean flowering, apply 5 kg of urea fertilizer per mu of land, apply it 10 cm on both sides of the soybean plants and cover with soil; for plots with weak soybean plant growth, at the early stage of soybean grain filling, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, 150 grams per mu with 50 kg of water, and spray twice with an interval of 7 days.

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, specifically, the fertilizing assembly includes a fixed base 1 and a controller. The top of the fixed base 1 is fixedly connected to the hopper 2 and the driving member by bolts. The first pulley 4 is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the driving member by bolts. The controller is used to control the rotation of the output shaft of the driving member. In this embodiment, the driving member uses a DC motor 3.

[0057] The bottom of the fixed seat 1 is fixedly connected with a driving box 5, a feeding pipe 6 and a supporting rod by bolts.

[0058] The feeding pipe 6 is communicated with a solenoid valve, and the controller is used for controlling the opening and closing of the solenoid valve; a ploughing cover 8 is fixedly connected on the side wall of the feeding pipe 6 by bolts, a rotary ploughing disc 9 is rotatably connected on the side wall of the supporting rod, a plurality of rotary ploughing teeth are fixedly connected on the rotary ploughing disc 9 in a circumferential direction by bolts, a second belt pulley 10 is coaxially fixedly connected on the side wall of the rotary ploughing disc 9 away from the supporting rod by bolts, a third belt pulley 11 is coaxially fixedly connected on the side wall of the second belt pulley 10 away from the rotary ploughing disc 9 by bolts, and the first belt pulley 4 and the second belt pulley 10 are tensioned with a belt.

[0059] As shown in Figure 4 , one side wall of the driving box 5 is rotatably connected with a rotating shaft 12, one end of the rotating shaft 12 is coaxially fixedly connected with a fourth belt pulley 13 by bolts, and the other end of the rotating shaft 12 is fixedly connected with a sector gear 14 by bolts; the fourth belt pulley 13 and the third belt pulley 11 are also tensioned with a belt.

[0060] The rear end of the fixed seat 1 in the moving direction is provided with a soil covering assembly for covering the soybean seeds after the seeding assembly sows the soybean seeds; the driving box 5 is provided with a ventilation assembly for assisting the air into the soil after covering the soil.

[0061] As shown in Figure 2 , when seeding is needed, the fertilizer is poured into the hopper 2, the soybean seeding and fertilizing machine is placed on the land to be seeded, the controller is used to control the rotating shaft of the direct current motor 3 to rotate, the first belt pulley 4 is driven to rotate clockwise, the rotary ploughing disc 9 is further driven to rotate clockwise through the second belt pulley 10, the rotary ploughing teeth on the rotary ploughing disc 9 are continuously inserted into the soil and then turned up, which can turn up the soil to realize the soil loosening operation, and the rotary ploughing disc 9 rotating clockwise can also drive the soybean seeding and fertilizing machine to move forward, in the process of the rotary ploughing disc 9 moving forward, the ploughing cover 8 can dig a ditch in the loosened soil, at the same time, the controller controls the solenoid valve to open and close repeatedly at intervals of 10S, at this time, the fertilizer in the hopper 2 can continuously fall into the ditch in the soil to realize the fertilizing operation.

[0062] As shown in Figure 3 , specifically, the seeding assembly comprises a trough 15 arranged at the rear end of the fixed seat 1 in the moving direction, a sliding groove is formed in the side wall of the trough 15; a seed box 16 is fixedly welded on the top of the trough 15, the seed box 16 is communicated with the trough 15, a partition plate is fixedly welded on the inner side wall of the seed box 16, a first duckbill plate 17 is symmetrically and fixedly welded on the bottom of the trough 15, and a second duckbill plate 18 is symmetrically hinged on the bottom of the trough 15.

[0063] As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, the seed box 16 side wall is embedded with spring 19, the bottom end of the spring 19 is fixedly connected with push rod 20 through screw, the end of the push rod 20 away from the spring 19 penetrates through the side wall of the trough 15 and is in sliding fit with the outer side wall of the trough 15, the side wall of the push rod 20 is fixedly connected with connecting rod 21 through bolt, the connecting rod 21 penetrates through the trough 15 and is in sliding fit with the sliding groove, the end of the connecting rod 21 away from the push rod 20 is fixedly connected with steel wire 22 through screw, the end of the steel wire 22 away from the connecting rod 21 is fixedly connected with the second duckbill plate 18 adjacent thereto through screw.

[0064] The inner side wall of the trough 15 is symmetrically and rotatably fitted with seed distribution wheel 23, a plurality of seed grooves are formed in the seed distribution wheel 23, adjacent seed distribution wheels 23 are fixedly connected with ratchet wheel 24 through bolt, the side wall of the push rod 20 located in the trough 15 is provided with cavity, the cavity is hingedly connected with ratchet pawl 25, the ratchet pawl 25 is engaged with the ratchet wheel 24.

[0065] As shown in Figure 4 The side wall of the drive box 5 is provided with through slot, one side wall of the trough 15 is fixedly connected with H-shaped support 26 through bolt, the H-shaped support 26 is in vertical sliding fit with one side wall of the drive box 5, the H-shaped support 26 is fixedly connected with rack 27 through bolt, the rack 27 is located in the through slot and is engaged with sector gear 14.

[0066] When the third pulley 11 rotates, the fourth pulley 13 is driven to rotate through the belt, the fourth pulley 13 drives the rotating shaft 12 to rotate, and in turn drives the sector gear 14 in the drive box 5 to rotate, combined with Figure 4 As shown, since the sector gear 14 is engaged with the rack 27, the H-shaped support 26 is in sliding fit with the side wall of the drive box 5, when the sector gear 14 rotates counterclockwise to the right and is engaged with the rack 27, the rack 27 can be driven to move upward, and in turn drives the H-shaped support 26 to slide on Figure 3 the side wall of the drive box 5, when the sector gear 14 rotates to disengage from the rack 27, at this time the H-shaped support 26 falls down due to gravity, realizing driving the H-shaped support 26 to drive the trough 15 to reciprocate up and down.

[0067] Combined with Figure 3 As shown, the screened soybean seeds are poured into the seed box 16, the partition plate in the middle of the seed box 16 can separate the soybean seeds into two sides and fall into the seed grooves on the seed distribution wheel 23, when the H-shaped support 26 moves upward, at this time the push rod 20 does not act, and the second duckbill plate 18 and the first duckbill plate 17 are in mutual folding state, when the H-shaped support 26 moves downward, at this time the H-shaped support 26 drives the trough 15 to move downward, at this time the first duckbill plate 17 and the second duckbill plate 18 on the bottom of the trough 15 are mutually folded and inserted into the soil, when the first duckbill plate 17 and the second duckbill plate 18 are inserted into the soil, the soil can drive the push rod 20 to move upward, combined with Figure 5As shown, at this time, the push rod 20 drives the spring 19 to compress, and at the same time drives the pawl 25 and the connecting rod 21 upward. When the pawl 25 is upward, it can move the ratchet 24 so that the ratchet 24 drives the seed wheel 23 to rotate clockwise 30° so that the seed groove on the far right is turned to face directly downward. At this time, the soybean seeds in the seed groove fall into the bucket groove 15 and then fall between the first duckbill plate 17 and the second duckbill plate 18. At the same time, when the connecting rod 21 moves upward, it drives the steel wire 22 upward and pulls the second duckbill plate 18, so that the second duckbill plate 18 can be opened, so that the soybean seeds between the first duckbill plate 17 and the second duckbill plate 18 fall into the soil, achieving the effect of uniform sowing of soybean seeds.

[0068] When the H-shaped bracket 26 drives the bucket 15 upward, the push rod 20 leaves the soil. Under the action of the spring 19 to restore the deformation, the push rod 20 slides downward to reset. At this time, the steel wire 22 moves downward and the second duckbill plate 18 closes with the first duckbill plate 17 under the action of gravity. At the same time, since the pawl 25 is hinged to the side wall of the cavity, the pawl 25 falls and cannot drive the ratchet 24 to rotate, preparing for the next sowing.

[0069] As the soybean sowing and fertilizing machine continues to move forward and the sector gear 14 drives the bucket 15 to move up and down continuously, the soybean seeds in the seed box 16 can be evenly sown to a fixed depth in the soil, realizing the integration of fertilization and sowing, adapting to mechanized operations, reducing the number of times agricultural machinery enters the field and manual intervention, significantly reducing labor and operating costs, and at the same time avoiding the impact of nutrient utilization due to delayed fertilization timing, thereby improving cultivation efficiency.

[0070] like Figure 2 As shown, specifically, the covering assembly includes an L-shaped rod 28 that is symmetrical and fixedly connected to the rear end of the fixed base 1 in the movement direction by bolts. The end of the L-shaped rod 28 away from the fixed base 1 is fixedly connected to a covering plate 29 by bolts, and a plurality of air holes are opened on the covering plate 29.

[0071] When the soybean sowing and fertilizing machine is continuously moving forward, the covering plate 29 can cover the soil after the ploughing cover 8 has opened furrows and fertilized the soil, thereby reducing the loss of fertilizer.

[0072] like Figure 4 As shown, specifically, the ventilation assembly includes a piston cylinder 30 fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the drive box 5 by bolts, a piston is slidably fitted in the piston cylinder 30, a piston rod 7 is fixedly connected to the piston by screws, and a crank 31 is hinged at one end of the piston rod 7 away from the piston, and the crank 31 is eccentrically hinged to the side wall of the sector gear 14 at one end away from the piston rod 7.

[0073] The side wall of the piston cylinder 30 is connected with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, and both the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are connected with a one-way valve. The air inlet pipe is connected to the outside of the drive box 5, and the air holes are connected to the air outlet pipe. A filter is fixedly connected to the air holes.

[0074] When the sector gear 14 rotates, it drives the crank 31, which in turn drives the piston rod 7 and the piston to reciprocate in the piston cylinder 30. When the piston moves downward, the space in the piston cylinder 30 decreases, increasing the pressure. Under the action of the one-way valve in the air outlet pipe, the gas in the piston cylinder 30 enters the air hole and is blown into the soil after the soil is covered by the soil cover 29, increasing the oxygen content of the soil and promoting the growth of aerobic bacteria in the soil, thereby increasing the fertility of the soil and the growth effect of soybeans from the side. When the piston moves upward, the space in the piston cylinder 30 increases, forming a negative pressure. Under the action of the one-way valve in the air inlet pipe, external air enters the piston cylinder 30, preparing for the next air delivery to the soil.

[0075] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0076] According to step one, select soybean seeds with strong disease resistance, high yield potential, and high yield potential. Remove the broken grains, damaged grains and impurities through artificial screening or screening equipment to ensure the purity and fullness of the soybean seeds.

[0077] Pour the screened soybean seeds into the seed box 16 of the seeding assembly, and the seeds are divided by the partition to the seed groove of the seed divider 23; at the same time, pour the fertilizer into the hopper 2 of the fertilizing assembly.

[0078] Start the soybean seeding and fertilizing machine, and the controller controls the rotation of the DC motor 3. The rotary tiller 9 rotates to loosen the soil and drive the soybean seeding and fertilizing machine forward, and the plow cover 8 synchronously opens the ditch.

[0079] In the fertilizing assembly, the controller controls the on-off of the electromagnetic valve every 10 seconds, and the fertilizer falls into the ditch from the feeding pipe 6 (located 5 cm away from the side of the soybean seeds) to avoid direct contact between the fertilizer and the soybean seeds, thereby causing the fertilizer concentration to be too high to affect the growth of the soybean seeds.

[0080] In the seeding assembly, the sector gear 14 meshes with the rack 27 to drive the H-shaped bracket 26 to reciprocate up and down: when the bucket 15 descends, the first duckbill plate 17 and the second duckbill plate 18 are inserted into the soil, the push rod 20 is pushed by the soil to trigger the seed divider 23 to rotate, and the seeds fall into the soil (depth 3 cm, spacing 10 cm) through the second duckbill plate 18; when the bucket 15 rises, the second duckbill plate 18 closes and resets, completing one seeding.

[0081] The L-shaped rod 28 of the soil covering assembly drives the soil cover 29 to advance with the machine, covering the ditch after seeding and fertilizing to reduce fertilizer volatilization and seed exposure.

[0082] The sector gear 14 drives the crank 31 to make the piston reciprocate in the piston cylinder 30, blowing air to the soil after covering to increase the oxygen content and promote microbial activity.

[0083] Through the above steps, we can achieve integrated and efficient soybean cultivation from seed selection, land preparation to sowing and management. Combined with mechanized equipment, we can reduce labor costs. Through precise fertilization, water control and soil optimization, we can fully tap the potential of the variety and achieve the goal of high yield and high efficiency.

[0084] This invention integrates sowing and fertilizing, adapting to mechanized operations. This reduces the number of farm machinery visits and manual intervention, significantly lowering labor and operating costs. It also avoids the impact of delayed fertilization on nutrient utilization, improving cultivation efficiency. Through carefully selected varieties, scientific land preparation, and phased field management, the soybean variety characteristics, soil conditions, water, and nutrient requirements of different growth stages are precisely met, creating a high-quality environment for soybean growth and effectively improving yield and quality.

[0085] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarity of explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that other variations or modifications based on the above descriptions are possible. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation methods here. Obvious variations or modifications arising therefrom remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Variety selection: Select soybean seeds with strong disease resistance, tolerance to dense planting, and high yield potential; Step 2: Plot preparation: Select plots with non-leguminous crops as the previous crop and plow the plots deeply after the autumn harvest to a depth of 25-30 cm. After the soil thaws in early spring, harrow the plots to conserve moisture. Step 3: Sowing and fertilizing: When the soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm below the ground is stable at 10-12°C, start sowing soybean seeds. Spring soybeans should be sown in mid-to-late April or early May, and summer soybeans should be sown in early to mid-June. When sowing, use the sowing component on the soybean sowing and fertilizing machine to sow soybean seeds on the plot, keep the soybean seeds 10-15 cm apart, and sow the soybean seeds at a depth of 3-5 cm; then use the fertilizing component on the soybean sowing and fertilizing machine to apply fertilizer 5-8 cm to the side of the soybean seeds; Step 4: Field management: When soybeans are growing, the first tillage is carried out when the soybean seedlings are 5 cm tall. The second tillage is carried out when the soybean seedlings are 15-20 cm tall. Keep the soil moisture content at 60%-65% during the soybean seedling stage, 70%-80% during the soybean flowering and podding stage, and 70% during the soybean grain filling stage; At the early stage of soybean flowering, apply 5-8 kg of urea fertilizer per mu of land, apply it 10-15 cm on both sides of the soybean plants and cover with soil; for plots with weak soybean plant growth, at the early stage of soybean grain filling, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, 150-200 grams per mu and 50 kg of water, spray twice with an interval of 7-10 days.

2. The high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the soybean seeds are selected by removing shriveled seeds, broken seeds and impurities.

3. The high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 2, when harrowing the land to conserve moisture, a disc harrow is used to break the surface soil of the land into fine soil with uniform particle size, so that the soil particle size is controlled within the range of 2-5 mm, and the harrowing depth is controlled within 8-12 cm.

4. The high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 3, the fertilizing assembly includes a fixed seat (1) and a controller, the top of the fixed seat (1) is fixedly connected to a hopper (2) and a driving member, the output shaft of the driving member is coaxially fixedly connected to a first pulley (4), and the controller is used to control the rotation of the output shaft of the driving member; The bottom of the fixed seat (1) is fixedly connected with a driving box (5), a feeding pipe (6) and a support rod; a solenoid valve is connected in the feeding pipe (6); a controller is used to control the opening and closing of the solenoid valve; a plowing cover (8) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the feeding pipe (6); a rotary tillage disc (9) is rotatably matched on the side wall of the support rod; a plurality of rotary tillage teeth are fixedly connected to the rotary tillage disc (9); a second pulley (10) is coaxially fixedly connected to the side wall of the rotary tillage disc (9) away from the support rod; a third pulley (11) is coaxially fixedly connected to the side wall of the second pulley (10) away from the rotary tillage disc (9); and the first pulley (4 ) and a belt is stretched between the first and second pulleys (10); a rotating shaft (12) is rotatably matched on one side wall of the driving box (5); one end of the rotating shaft (12) is coaxially fixedly connected to a fourth pulley (13); the other end of the rotating shaft (12) is fixedly connected to a sector gear (14); a belt is also stretched between the fourth pulley (13) and the third pulley (11); a covering assembly for covering the soybean seeds after the sowing assembly sows the soybean seeds is provided at the rear end of the fixed seat (1) in the moving direction; and a ventilation assembly for assisting the introduction of air into the soil after covering the soil is provided in the driving box (5).

5. The high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 3, the sowing assembly includes a bucket trough (15) arranged at the rear end of the moving direction of the fixed seat (1), a slide groove is opened on the side wall of the bucket trough (15), a seed box (16) is fixedly connected to the top of the bucket trough (15), the seed box (16) and the bucket trough (15) are connected, a partition is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the seed box (16), the bottom of the bucket trough (15) is symmetrically and fixedly connected to the first duckbill plate (17), and the bottom of the bucket trough (15) is also symmetrically hinged to the second duckbill plate (18); A spring (19) is embedded in the side wall of the seed box (16), and a push rod (20) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the spring (19). The end of the push rod (20) away from the spring (19) passes through the side wall of the bucket groove (15) and slides with the outer wall of the bucket groove (15). A connecting rod (21) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the push rod (20). The connecting rod (21) passes through the bucket groove (15) and slides with the slide groove. The end of the connecting rod (21) away from the push rod (20) is symmetrically fixedly connected to a steel wire (22). The end of the steel wire (22) away from the connecting rod (21) is fixedly connected to the second duckbill plate (18) adjacent to it. A seed dividing wheel (23) is symmetrically and rotationally matched on the inner side wall of the bucket groove (15), and a plurality of seed grooves are circumferentially opened on the seed dividing wheel (23). A ratchet (24) is fixedly connected between adjacent seed dividing wheels (23). A cavity is opened on the side wall of the push rod (20) located in the bucket groove (15), and a ratchet (25) is hinged in the cavity. The ratchet (25) and the ratchet (24) are engaged. A through groove is formed on the side wall of the driving box (5); an H-shaped bracket (26) is fixedly connected to one side wall of the bucket groove (15); the H-shaped bracket (26) and one side wall of the driving box (5) are vertically slidably matched; a rack (27) is fixedly connected to the H-shaped bracket (26); the rack (27) is located in the through groove and meshes with the sector gear (14).

6. The high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The soil covering assembly comprises an L-shaped rod (28) symmetrically and fixedly connected to the rear end of the fixed seat (1) in the movement direction. The end of the L-shaped rod (28) away from the fixed seat (1) is fixedly connected to a soil covering plate (29), and a plurality of air holes are opened on the soil covering plate (29).

7. The high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ventilation assembly comprises a piston cylinder (30) fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the drive box (5), a piston slidably fitted in the piston cylinder (30), a piston rod (7) fixedly connected to the piston, a crank (31) hinged at one end of the piston rod (7) away from the piston, and an end of the crank (31) away from the piston rod (7) eccentrically hinged to the side wall of the sector gear (14); The side wall of the piston cylinder (30) is connected with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, and both the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are connected with a one-way valve. The air inlet pipe is connected with the outside of the drive box (5), and the air holes are connected with the air outlet pipe.

8. The high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The air holes are all fixedly connected with filter screens.

9. The high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step 4, the first tillage depth is 5-6 cm.

10. The high-yield and high-efficiency soybean cultivation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step 4, the second tillage depth is 8-10 cm.

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