Electromechanical coupling quick-change type metal fuel cell

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, and particularly provides an electromechanical coupling quick-change metal fuel cell which comprises a bottom shell, a fuel cell module, a liquid storage pot, a top docking station, a liquid storage cabin sealing cover and a combined hasp. The device is characterized in that the integrated quick-change mechanism can realize quick installation or replacement of a metal cathode through a specific electromechanical coupling interface layout and a single axial pressing action; according to the pump-free electrolyte system, a vertical separation rib is arranged in a liquid storage cabin and is matched with a sealing pressing strip of a sealing cover of the liquid storage cabin to form a liquid-tight independent separation cabin which is communicated with a reaction cavity unit, so that automatic conveying and liquid level dynamic balance after one-time filling of electrolyte are realized, the mutual mixing rate is reduced, and a circulating pipeline and a pump valve assembly are omitted; and the power interface module integrates dynamic impedance matching and power tracking technologies to ensure that the fuel cell is always in an efficient and stable working area. The negative electrode replacement convenience, the electrolyte management reliability and the system power supply energy efficiency of the metal fuel cell are remarkably improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a metal fuel cell system with a mechanical-electrical coupling design and capable of realizing rapid replacement of a metal anode. BACKGROUND

[0002] A metal fuel cell is a new type of power generation device that directly converts the chemical energy of metal fuel (such as aluminum, zinc, magnesium, etc.) into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. Its working principle is that the metal anode releases electrons through an oxidation reaction, and oxygen is reduced to form hydroxide ions at the cathode, forming an electric current to drive an external load. Unlike traditional secondary batteries, this device does not need to be charged and can provide continuous power supply by periodically replacing the metal anode and supplementing the electrolyte, with high energy density (the theoretical value of an aluminum-air battery is 800-1000 Wh / kg, about 4-8 times that of commercial lithium-ion batteries) and environmental friendly characteristics (the reaction product is recyclable metal oxide / hydroxide), which has significant advantages in emergency power supply, off-grid energy storage, etc.

[0003] Although the metal fuel cell technology has developed for decades, its large-scale application is still limited by the following systematic technical defects: 1. Low mechanical replacement efficiency, the existing metal anode adopts a bolt or buckle type mechanical fixing structure, which needs to be manually disassembled and reconnected during replacement, which is time-consuming and prone to problems such as increased contact resistance and poor contact; 2. High risk of electrolyte management failure, static liquid supply scheme, multiple independent electrolyte chambers need to be filled separately, which is complex and has the risk of mixing and electrolyte tank pressure imbalance; dynamic circulation scheme, pump valve pipeline system needs to be configured, reaction products (such as aluminum hydroxide gel) are easy to crystallize and deposit in the pipeline, resulting in blockage, high failure rate and significantly increased operation and maintenance cost; 3. Unstable output performance, limited by uneven corrosion rate of metal anode, oxygen mass transfer fluctuation of cathode and electrolyte temperature change, single cell voltage output fluctuation amplitude exceeds ±20%, and multiple cells in series further amplify the fluctuation, which cannot meet the demand of high stability load.

[0004] Current mainstream technologies focus on partial optimization (such as improvement of metal fixing structure, anti-blocking design of circulation pipeline), but fail to break through the "mechanical-electrical-liquid" three-way coupling bottleneck, which is specifically manifested as: 1. The metal negative electrode fixing structure and circuit topology are decoupled, which leads to complex replacement of the negative electrode and easy contact failure of the electrode; 2. The electrolyte supply path and reaction chamber layout are not matched, making it difficult to balance the mixing seal, pressure balance and flow efficiency; 3. The output voltage regulation simply relies on traditional DC / DC modules, with low overall energy efficiency. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a mechanical and electrical coupling quick-change metal fuel cell, aiming to realize quick replacement of metal negative electrode, plug and play, one-time filling of electrolyte, natural circulation, anti-mixing sealing and air pressure balance, improve overall energy efficiency and maintain stable output voltage.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solution: a mechanical and electrical coupling quick-change metal fuel cell, characterized in that it comprises: a bottom shell having an upwardly open accommodating cavity, and a buckle mounting portion provided on the side wall; a fuel cell module comprising a negative electrode quick-change cover provided on the top thereof, a reaction cavity unit array located below the negative electrode quick-change cover, and a liquid storage tank provided on the side thereof, the liquid storage tank being provided with a top opening, and the fuel cell module being adaptively mounted in the accommodating cavity of the bottom shell; a top expansion dock provided with a power interface module and a bottom mechanical and electrical coupling interface; a liquid storage tank sealing cover covering the top opening of the liquid storage tank and being detachably connected with the top expansion dock; a combined buckle fixedly installed on the buckle mounting portion of the side wall of the bottom shell, the locking part of the buckle extending to the surface of the top expansion dock and the liquid storage tank sealing cover and forming a locking fitting structure.

[0007] Preferably, the negative electrode quick-change cover is provided with a first mechanical and electrical coupling interface at the bottom end thereof; the reaction cavity unit is provided with a second mechanical and electrical coupling interface at the top end thereof; the geometric structure of the first mechanical and electrical coupling interface and the second mechanical and electrical coupling interface is interfitting, mechanical locking and electrical connection between the reaction cavity unit and the negative electrode quick-change cover being completed through a single axial coupling action; the negative electrode quick-change cover is provided with a third mechanical and electrical coupling interface at the top end thereof; the top expansion dock is provided with a fourth mechanical and electrical coupling interface at the bottom end thereof; when the top expansion dock is press-fit connected to the negative electrode quick-change cover, the third and fourth mechanical and electrical coupling interfaces are fitted, achieving structural limiting and electrical connection between the top expansion dock and the negative electrode quick-change cover.

[0008] Preferably, the bottom of the negative electrode quick-change cover is provided with one or more metal negative electrode limiting grooves; the number of the metal negative electrode limiting grooves corresponds to the number of metal negative electrodes one-to-one; the metal negative electrodes are vertically fixedly embedded in the corresponding metal negative electrode limiting grooves; the negative electrode quick-change cover is internally provided with a control circuit board; the control circuit board is electrically connected with the metal negative electrodes and the first and third mechanical and electrical coupling interfaces, providing electrical connection paths between the metal negative electrodes and between the metal negative electrodes and the first and third mechanical and electrical coupling interfaces.

[0009] Preferably, at least one separation rib is vertically provided in the liquid storage tank; the top of the separation rib is lower than the top opening of the liquid storage tank; the liquid storage tank sealing cover cooperates with the separation rib to divide the liquid storage tank into a plurality of independent electrolyte compartments; each electrolyte compartment is communicated with a corresponding reaction cavity unit through a special channel on the side wall of the liquid storage tank.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom of the storage tank sealing cover is provided with a long strip-shaped sealing pressing strip; the bottom surface of the sealing pressing strip and the top surface of the partition rib are respectively provided with matching embedded convex parts and recesses; when the storage tank sealing cover is closed in the vertical direction, the embedded convex parts are pressed into the embedded recesses, so that a radial sealing interface is formed between the sealing pressing strip and the partition rib, so as to form a liquid-tight chamber for each electrolyte compartment.

[0011] Preferably, the storage tank sealing cover is provided with a sandwich cavity structure; the sandwich cavity structure comprises a bottom through hole, a middle sandwich layer and a top cover; the bottom through hole is communicated with the storage tank and is provided with a waterproof and breathable device; the side surface of the middle sandwich layer is provided with a through hole connected with the outside; the upper surface of the top cover is provided with a clamping groove matched with the locking part of the combined buckle.

[0012] Preferably, the combined buckle comprises: a locking part, a group of symmetrical locking parts are respectively embedded in the upper surface clamping grooves of the top expansion dock and the storage tank sealing cover; a hanging belt part provided with a hanging belt interface part for connecting a portable hanging belt; a pivot pin shaft coaxially pivots the locking part and the hanging belt part on the buckle mounting part provided on the side wall of the bottom shell, so that the locking part and the hanging belt part can rotate relative to the pivot pin shaft; the locking part and the hanging belt part are provided with matching locking convex edges and limiting recesses, and when the locking part and the hanging belt part are rotated around the pivot pin shaft to the locking position, the locking state of self-locking is formed in the form of interference fit.

[0013] Preferably, the power interface module of the top expansion dock comprises: at least two groups of power input terminals, one group of input terminals electrically connected with the fuel cell module and one group of input terminals electrically connected with an external power supply; at least one group of power output terminals; and a plurality of circuit units.

[0014] Preferably, the circuit unit further comprises:

[0015] a power path switching unit connected between the power input terminals and the power output terminals;

[0016] two groups of sampling circuits:

[0017] a first sampling circuit connected to the input terminals electrically connected with the fuel cell module, for detecting the electrical signal output by the fuel cell module;

[0018] a second sampling circuit connected to the input terminals electrically connected with the external power supply, for detecting the electrical signal input by the external power supply;

[0019] two groups of adjustable DC-DC converters:

[0020] a first adjustable DC-DC converter, an input end of which is connected to the input terminal electrically connected to the fuel cell module, and an output end of which is connected to the power path switching unit;

[0021] a second adjustable DC-DC converter, an input end of which is connected to the input terminal electrically connected to the external power supply, and an output end of which is connected to the power path switching unit;

[0022] two groups of PWM signal generators:

[0023] a first PWM signal generator, a signal feedback end of which is connected to the output end of the first sampling circuit, and a driving signal output end of which is connected to the pulse width modulation signal receiving end of the first adjustable DC-DC converter;

[0024] a second PWM signal generator, a signal feedback end of which is connected to the output end of the second sampling circuit, and a driving signal output end of which is connected to the pulse width modulation signal receiving end of the second adjustable DC-DC converter.

[0025] Preferably, the power path switching unit comprises a plurality of controllable power switches, which are used to realize dynamic parallel connection or decoupling of the fuel cell module and the external power supply.

[0026] The present application has the following advantages:

[0027] 1. In the present application, the metal negative electrode is fixedly installed on the negative electrode quick-change cover. Between the negative electrode quick-change cover, the reaction cavity unit and the top expansion dock, there are first to fourth electromechanical coupling interfaces designed to work cooperatively. Through the specific layout and cooperation relationship of the first to fourth interfaces, only a single axial coupling action or pressing action is required to simultaneously realize reliable mechanical locking, accurate structural limiting and stable electrical connection between the negative electrode quick-change cover, the reaction cavity unit and the top expansion dock. The above design significantly improves the replacement efficiency of the metal negative electrode, which is more than 90% higher than the prior art. At the same time, the integrated quick-change mechanism effectively avoids the technical problems that may occur during the traditional manual replacement of the bolt or the buckle type metal negative electrode, such as poor contact, unstable contact resistance and decreased connection reliability caused by multiple disassembly and assembly, and significantly improves the stability of electrical connection and the reliability of system operation.

[0028] 2. In the present invention, a vertical partition rib is arranged in the electrolyte storage tank, which is tightly matched with the sealing strip integrated with the upper cover of the storage tank, and together separates the storage tank into multiple physically isolated independent electrolyte compartments. Each independent electrolyte compartment is connected to a corresponding reaction chamber unit cavity through a special channel on the side wall of the storage tank. This design allows the electrolyte to be injected into the storage tank only once, achieving automatic delivery and precise liquid level self-balancing to multiple reaction chamber units without external power (such as pumps); the mutual mixing rate of electrolytes in each reaction chamber unit is extremely low (<0.1%), which is a significant advantage over traditional designs that rely on pipeline circulation (mutual mixing rate is usually >5%); due to the use of centralized large-capacity storage tank design, the single-charge electrolyte can sustain operation for more than 60% longer under the condition of maintaining the same working volume of reaction chamber unit cavity; the traditional circulating liquid path and its associated components (such as pumps, valves, connecting pipes, etc.) are completely eliminated, effectively avoiding failures caused by them, and the overall system failure rate is reduced by 90%.

[0029] 3. In the present invention, the top expansion dock power interface module integrates input / output terminals, sampling circuits, adjustable DC-DC converters, PWM signal generators, power path switching units, and other key devices, achieving efficient and stable operation of the fuel cell module and intelligent hybrid parallel power supply of external input power. The PWM signal generator in this module dynamically adjusts the adjustable DC-DC converter to supply power to the external load based on circuit detection information, and through the introduction of dynamic impedance matching and maximum power tracking technology, the fuel cell always works in the high-efficiency and stable region. Thanks to this optimized design, the adjustable DC-DC converter has a boost voltage and power conversion efficiency of ≥90% for fuel cells, which is significantly higher than the efficiency level of traditional DC-DC boost circuits of 70%-80%, improving the overall energy efficiency of the system. In addition, this module monitors system status (including input / output voltage / current, load demand, power supply status, etc.) in real time through the detection circuit unit, and controls the power path switching unit to dynamically and disturbance-free distribute power flow paths (such as external power independent power supply, fuel cell independent power supply, or parallel power supply of both). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a mechanical and electrical coupling quick-change metal fuel cell of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell module structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a top expansion dock of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a negative electrode quick-change cover of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the top of a liquid storage tank according to the present application;

[0035] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the side of a liquid storage tank and its sealing cover according to the present application;

[0036] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a combined fastener according to the present application;

[0037] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the circuit topology of a power interface module according to the present application.

[0038] In the figure: 1. bottom shell, 11. containing cavity, 12. fastener mounting portion; 2. fuel cell module, 21. negative electrode quick-change cover, 211. first electromechanical coupling interface, 212. third electromechanical coupling interface, 213. metal negative electrode limiting groove, 214. metal negative electrode, 215. control circuit board, 22. reaction cavity unit, 221. second electromechanical coupling interface, 23. liquid storage tank, 231. top opening of the liquid storage tank, 232. partition rib, 233. electrolyte partition, 234. special passage of the liquid storage tank side wall; 3. top expansion dock, 31. fourth electromechanical coupling interface, 32. top expansion dock upper surface clamping groove; 4. liquid storage tank sealing cover, 41. sealing strip, 42. bottom through hole, 421. waterproof air permeation device, 43. middle interlayer, 431. side wall through hole, 44. top cover, 441. liquid storage tank sealing cover upper surface clamping groove; 5. combined fastener, 51. locking component, 511. limiting groove, 52. hanging strap component, 521. hanging strap interface portion, 522. locking protrusion, 53. pivot pin; 6. power interface module, 61. first power input terminal, 62. second power input terminal, 63. power output terminal, 64. first sampling circuit, 65. first PWM signal generator, 66. first adjustable DC-DC converter, 67. second sampling circuit, 68. second PWM signal generator, 69. second adjustable DC-DC converter, 610. power path switching unit; 7. external power supply; 8. external load. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to more clearly explain the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the accompanying drawings presented are only some example embodiments of the present application. Based on the teachings of the present application, those skilled in the art can understand and implement other feasible technical solutions without creative labor, which should fall within the protection scope of the claims.

[0040] Embodiment one

[0041] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, an electromechanical coupling quick-change metal fuel cell comprises: a bottom shell 1, having an upwardly open accommodating cavity 11, and a buckle mounting portion 12 provided on the side wall; a fuel cell module 2, comprising two negative electrode quick-change covers 21 located at the top, two reaction cavity units 22 provided below the negative electrode quick-change covers 21, and a liquid storage tank 23 located at the side, the liquid storage tank 23 is provided with a top opening 231, and the fuel cell module 2 is adaptively installed in the accommodating cavity 11 of the bottom shell 1; a top expansion dock 3, provided with a fourth electromechanical coupling interface 31; a liquid storage tank sealing cover 4, covering the top opening 231 of the liquid storage tank 23, and detachably connected with the top expansion dock 3 through plug-in positioning; a combined buckle 5, fixedly installed on the buckle mounting portion 12 of the side wall of the bottom shell 1, and the locking part 51 thereof extends to the upper surface of the top expansion dock 3 and the liquid storage tank sealing cover 4 and forms a locking matching structure with the upper surface clamping groove 32 of the top expansion dock and the upper surface clamping groove 441 of the liquid storage tank sealing cover.

[0042] As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the negative electrode quick-change cover 21 is integrated with a first electromechanical coupling interface 211 at the bottom end and a third electromechanical coupling interface 212 at the top end; the reaction cavity unit 22 is integrated with a second electromechanical coupling interface 221 at the top end; and the top expansion dock 3 is integrated with a fourth electromechanical coupling interface 31 at the bottom end. The core connection mechanism between the three includes: a. cavity cover quick-change connection, through the operation of vertical plugging, the first electromechanical coupling interface 211 and the second electromechanical coupling interface 221 rely on the mutual embedding type coupling structure to synchronously complete the rigid mechanical interlocking between the negative electrode quick-change cover 21 and the reaction cavity unit 22 and the establishment of high-efficiency conductive path; b. expansion dock tool-free connection, the third electromechanical coupling interface 212 and the fourth electromechanical coupling interface 31 are designed with complementary guiding and limiting structures, when the top expansion dock 3 is axially pressed and assembled on the negative electrode quick-change cover 21, the limiting structure and the combined buckle 5 ensure that the two are accurately positioned and stably locked, and at the same time, reliable conduction of the interface electric contact is realized.

[0043] As shown in Figure 4 , the negative electrode quick-change cover 21 is integrated with two metal negative electrode limiting grooves 213 at the bottom, and two metal negative electrodes 214 are rigidly fixed in the corresponding limiting grooves in a vertical posture. The negative electrode quick-change cover 21 is internally configured with a control circuit board 215, which constitutes the conductive path between the two metal negative electrodes 214 and between the metal negative electrode and the first electromechanical coupling interface 211 and the third electromechanical coupling interface 212. The metal negative electrode 214 and the first electromechanical coupling interface 211, the third electromechanical coupling interface 212 are directly electrically connected to the control circuit board 215 in a reliable manner (such as bolt fastening or welding).

[0044] It should be noted that when the number of metal negative electrodes is one, the control circuit board establishes electrical connection of the metal negative electrode with the first and third electromechanical coupling interfaces; when the number of metal negative electrodes is multiple, the control circuit board also electrically connects multiple metal negative electrodes fixed thereon to establish electrical connection paths between the metal negative electrodes and between all metal negative electrodes and the first and third electromechanical coupling interfaces.

[0045] As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 The inside of the liquid storage tank 23 is provided with three partition ribs 232 extending vertically in the depth direction, and the top of each partition rib is lower than the plane of the top opening 231 of the liquid storage tank, forming a stepped cavity structure. The bottom of the liquid storage tank sealing cover 4 is fixedly provided with an elongated sealing compression strip 41, and the bottom surface of the sealing compression strip and the top surface of the partition rib 232 are respectively provided with complementary fitting structures (specifically, the sealing compression strip is provided with continuous convex ribs, and the top surface of the partition rib is provided with matching grooves). When the liquid storage tank sealing cover 4 is pressed together in the vertical direction, the convex ribs are precisely embedded in the grooves, and under the action of axial compression force, a continuous radial sealing interface is formed between the sealing compression strip 41 and the partition rib 232. This sealing structure divides the liquid storage tank 23 into four completely independent liquid-tight electrolyte compartments 233, and there is no fluid passage between the compartments, completely blocking the electrolyte mixing path. Each electrolyte compartment 233 is independently connected to one of the cavities of the corresponding reaction cavity unit 22 through a special passage 234 in the side wall of the liquid storage tank.

[0046] Based on the above topological configuration, the following technical advantages can be formed: a. Convenient filling, after the electrolyte is injected through the single point at the top opening of the liquid storage tank, it can be uniformly distributed to all electrolyte compartments and connected reaction cavity unit cavities by relying on gravity; b. Anti-mixing protection, the physical isolation mechanism of the radial sealing interface ensures that the electrolyte composition in each compartment is independent; c. Anti-clogging design, replacing the traditional circulating pipeline with a straight-through flow channel in the side wall eliminates the risk of sediment accumulation caused by bent pipe sections.

[0047] As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 6 The liquid storage tank sealing cover 4 is provided with a sandwich cavity structure, which includes from bottom to top: a bottom through hole 42, which communicates with the liquid storage tank 23 below and is provided with a waterproof air permeation device 421 on the upper surface; a middle sandwich layer 43, which is provided with a side wall through hole 431 on the side surface for communicating with the external environment and discharging the gas escaping through the waterproof air permeation device 421; and a top cover 44, which is provided with a liquid storage tank sealing cover upper surface clamping groove 441, which is matched with the locking part 51 of the combined buckle 5, and when the locking part 51 is rotated, the convex ribs at the bottom of the locking part 51 can be precisely embedded in the clamping groove 441, achieving the locking of the sealing cover.

[0048] As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 7As shown, the combined buckle 5 consists of the following parts: locking parts 51, a pair of symmetrically arranged locking parts 51, respectively embedded in the clamping groove 32 of the top expansion dock 3 and the clamping groove 441 of the liquid storage cabin sealing cover 4; hanging belt parts 52, containing a hanging belt interface part 521 for connecting a portable hanging belt; a pivot pin shaft 53, passing through the buckle mounting part 12 arranged on the side wall of the bottom shell 1, coaxially pivoting the locking part 51 and the hanging belt part 52, so that they can rotate relative to each other around the pin shaft. The locking part 51 is provided with a limiting groove 511, and the hanging belt part 52 is provided with a matching locking protrusion 522. When the two are rotated relative to each other to the locking position, the limiting groove 511 and the locking protrusion 522 form a self-locking state through interference fit.

[0049] It should be noted that the negative quick-change cover and the reaction chamber unit have a fixed pairing relationship, that is, each negative quick-change cover is dedicated to a specific reaction chamber unit, and the two are configured in a one-to-one manner. Correspondingly, there is also a one-to-one fixed pairing relationship between the electrolyte compartment located inside the reaction chamber unit and the metal negative electrode fixed on the corresponding negative quick-change cover. In this embodiment, in order to facilitate understanding, an implementation mode containing two negative quick-change covers (respectively paired with two reaction chamber units) and four metal negative electrodes (respectively paired with four electrolyte compartments) is specifically shown. However, it should be understood that the specific number of the above pairing relationship is not fixed. The significant advantage of the present application is that the number of paired combinations of negative quick-change covers / reaction chamber units and metal negative electrodes / electrolyte compartments can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual required power level. Therefore, the technical solution claimed in the claims covers the flexibility feature itself of selecting different pairing number combinations based on power demand. Any specific configuration scheme of the above pairing number for realizing different power outputs according to this flexibility feature falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

[0050] Embodiment two

[0051] In a specific embodiment, the power interface module of the top expansion dock 3 is configured to perform at least two core functions: a. Optimal working interval control of the fuel cell module, power tracking control of the output of the fuel cell module 2 according to the change of external load power demand, and dynamic adjustment of equivalent input impedance to make the fuel cell module 2 always work in the efficient interval of its output characteristic curve, while keeping the stability of the output voltage. b. Hybrid parallel connection and power intelligent distribution of multiple input power sources, realizing the parallel connection of the fuel cell module 2 and multiple external power sources (such as photovoltaic, lithium battery), and dynamically distributing the power flow according to the preset power distribution strategy and real-time operation parameters; the specific embodiment is described as follows:

[0052] As Figure 8As shown, the power interface module 6 in the top expansion dock 3 has a core component including a first power input terminal 61, a second power input terminal 62, a power output terminal 63, and a circuit unit composed of a first sampling circuit 64, a first PWM signal generator 65, a first adjustable DC-DC converter 66, a second sampling circuit 67, a second PWM signal generator 68, a second adjustable DC-DC converter 69, and a power path switching unit 610.

[0053] The external circuit connection relationship of the power interface module 6 is that the first power input terminal 61 is electrically connected with the fuel cell module 2, the second power input terminal 62 is electrically connected with the external power source 7, and the power output terminal 63 is electrically connected with the external load 8. The internal functional circuit connection of the power interface module 6 includes two links, which are a fuel cell detection and path control link and an external power source detection and path control link.

[0054] The connection relationship of the fuel cell detection and path control link is that:

[0055] The input end of the first sampling circuit 64 is directly connected to the first power input terminal 61 to collect relevant parameters in real time. The signal feedback end of the first PWM signal generator 65 is connected with the output end of the first sampling circuit 64 to receive sampling data, and the driving signal output end of the first PWM signal generator 65 is connected with the signal receiving end of the first adjustable DC-DC converter 66 to send control signals. The power input end of the first adjustable DC-DC converter 66 is connected to the first power input terminal 61 to receive fuel cell electric energy, and the power output end thereof is connected to the power input end of the power path switching unit 610 to output the converted and regulated fuel cell electric energy.

[0056] The connection relationship of the external power source detection and path control link is that:

[0057] The input end of the second sampling circuit 67 is directly connected to the second power input terminal 62 to detect the state (such as presence, voltage, etc.) of the external power source 7. The signal feedback end of the second PWM signal generator 68 is connected with the output end of the second sampling circuit 67 to receive sampling data, and the driving signal output end of the second PWM signal generator 68 is connected with the signal receiving end of the second adjustable DC-DC converter 69 to send control signals. The power input end of the second adjustable DC-DC converter 69 is connected to the second power input terminal 62 to receive external power electric energy, and the power output end thereof is connected to the power input end of the power path switching unit 610 to output the converted and regulated external power electric energy.

[0058] The power path switching unit 610 controls the built-in multi-path controllable power switch according to the input power parameters and the preset power distribution strategy, thereby selecting the output of the fuel cell, the external power supply or the hybrid parallel output of multiple heterogeneous power sources. The preset power distribution strategy follows the following priority principle: photovoltaic power supply > fuel cell module > lithium battery power supply. Accordingly, the power path switching unit selectively feeds the photovoltaic power and / or the fuel cell power to the power output terminal according to the power demand of the external load, or coordinates the multi-path input source (including photovoltaic, fuel cell, lithium battery) for parallel hybrid output, so as to realize the optimal utilization of the energy source.

[0059] It should be emphasized that the types of electromechanical coupling interface terminals and the details of the drawings exemplified in Embodiment I and Embodiment II are only examples of specific implementations, which are intended to clearly illustrate the feasible paths of the technical solutions, and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the claims. Those skilled in the art can flexibly select any suitable interface or terminal structure according to the actual current carrying demand, installation space and maintenance convenience and other factors. In addition, any modification, equivalent replacement or improvement made within the framework of the essential spirit and core principles of the present application shall be covered within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An electromechanically coupled quick-change metal fuel cell, characterized in that: include: The bottom shell has an upwardly open accommodating cavity and a buckle mounting portion is provided on the side wall; the fuel cell module includes a negative electrode quick-change cover arranged on the top thereof, a reaction chamber unit array located below the negative electrode quick-change cover and a liquid storage tank arranged on the side thereof, the liquid storage tank is provided with a top opening, and the fuel cell module is adapted to be installed in the accommodating cavity of the bottom shell; the top expansion dock is provided with a power interface module and a bottom electromechanical coupling interface; the liquid storage tank sealing cover covers the top opening of the liquid storage tank and is detachably connected to the top expansion dock; a combined buckle is fixedly installed on the buckle mounting portion of the side wall of the bottom shell, and its locking component extends to the surface of the top expansion dock and the liquid storage tank sealing cover to form a locking matching structure.

2. The electromechanically coupled quick-change metal fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first electromechanical coupling interface is provided at the bottom end of the negative pole quick-change cover; a second electromechanical coupling interface is provided at the top end of the reaction chamber unit; the geometric structures of the first electromechanical coupling interface and the second electromechanical coupling interface are interlocking, and the mechanical locking and electrical connection between the reaction chamber unit and the negative pole quick-change cover are completed through a single axial coupling action; a third electromechanical coupling interface is provided at the top end of the negative pole quick-change cover; a fourth electromechanical coupling interface is provided at the bottom end of the top expansion dock; when the top expansion dock is press-fitted and connected to the negative pole quick-change cover, the third and fourth electromechanical coupling interfaces are fitted to achieve structural limitation and electrical connection between the top expansion dock and the negative pole quick-change cover.

3. The electromechanically coupled quick-change metal fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: One or more metal negative limit slots are provided at the bottom of the negative electrode quick-change cover; the number of the metal negative limit slots corresponds to the number of metal negative electrodes; the metal negative electrodes are vertically fixed and embedded in the corresponding metal negative limit slots; a control circuit board is provided inside the negative electrode quick-change cover; the control circuit board is electrically connected to the metal negative electrodes and the first and third electromechanical coupling interfaces, providing an electrical connection path between the metal negative electrodes and between the metal negative electrodes and the first and third electromechanical coupling interfaces.

4. The electromechanically coupled quick-change metal fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one partition rib is vertically arranged in the liquid storage tank; the top of the partition rib is lower than the top opening of the liquid storage tank; the liquid storage tank sealing cover cooperates with the partition rib to divide the liquid storage tank into multiple independent electrolyte compartments; each of the electrolyte compartments is connected to a corresponding reaction chamber unit through a dedicated channel on the side wall of the liquid storage tank.

5. The electromechanically coupled quick-change metal fuel cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: A long strip of sealing molding is provided at the bottom of the liquid storage tank sealing cover; the bottom surface of the sealing molding and the top surface of the partition rib are respectively provided with matching interlocking protrusions and grooves; when the liquid storage tank sealing cover is closed in the vertical direction, the interlocking protrusion is pressed into the interlocking groove, so that a radial sealing interface is formed between the sealing molding and the partition rib, so as to construct each of the electrolyte compartments into a liquid-tight chamber.

6. The electromechanically coupled quick-change metal fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid storage tank sealing cover is provided with a sandwich cavity structure; the sandwich cavity structure includes a bottom through hole, a middle interlayer and a top cover; the bottom through hole is connected to the liquid storage tank and is equipped with a waterproof and breathable device; the side of the middle interlayer is provided with a through hole connected to the outside world; the upper surface of the top cover is provided with a card slot, and the card slot matches the locking component of the combined buckle.

7. The electromechanically coupled quick-change metal fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combined buckle includes: a locking component, a group of symmetrical locking components are respectively embedded in the upper surface slots of the top expansion dock and the liquid storage tank sealing cover; a hanging strap component, which is provided with a hanging strap interface part for connecting a portable hanging strap; a pivot pin, which coaxially pivots the locking component and the hanging strap component to the buckle mounting part set on the side wall of the bottom shell, so that the locking component and the hanging strap component can rotate relative to each other around the pivot pin; the locking component and the hanging strap component are provided with matching locking ridges and limiting grooves, and when the locking component and the hanging strap component are rotated to the locking position around the pivot pin, a self-locking locking state is formed in an interference fit manner.

8. The electromechanically coupled quick-change metal fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power interface module of the top expansion dock includes: at least two groups of power input terminals, one group of input terminals electrically connected to the fuel cell module and one group of input terminals electrically connected to an external power supply; at least one group of power output terminals; and multiple circuit units.

9. The electromechanically coupled quick-change metal fuel cell according to claim 8, characterized in that: The circuit unit further includes: a power path switching unit, connected between the power input terminal and the power output terminal; Two sets of sampling circuits: a first sampling circuit, connected to the input terminal electrically connected to the fuel cell module, for detecting an electrical signal output by the fuel cell module; a second sampling circuit, connected to the input terminal electrically connected to the external power supply, and configured to detect an electrical signal inputted by the external power supply; Two sets of adjustable DC-DC converters: a first adjustable DC-DC converter, having an input end connected to the input terminal electrically connected to the fuel cell module and an output end connected to the power path switching unit; a second adjustable DC-DC converter, having an input end connected to the input terminal electrically connected to the external power supply and an output end connected to the power path switching unit; Two sets of PWM signal generators: a first PWM signal generator, wherein a signal feedback terminal is connected to an output terminal of the first sampling circuit, and a drive signal output terminal is connected to a pulse width modulation signal receiving terminal of the first adjustable DC-DC converter; The second PWM signal generator has a signal feedback terminal connected to the output terminal of the second sampling circuit, and a drive signal output terminal connected to the pulse width modulation signal receiving terminal of the second adjustable DC-DC converter.

10. The electromechanically coupled quick-change metal fuel cell according to claim 9, characterized in that: The power path switching unit includes a plurality of controllable power switches for realizing dynamic parallel connection or decoupling of the fuel cell module and the external power source.

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