Polyploidy crossbreeding

Abstract

The present invention relates to a breeding system for the production of polyploidy seeds, plants or plant parts in which cycles of meiosis, gamete coordination and selection are used for inter-population improvement of progenitor lines and sexual polyploidy occurs during hybrid production by inducing cloned gamete formation in parents to be hybridized. Mutual recurrent selection can be used to inform the selection of candidate lines that are advanced to a gene editing or genetic modification system, or hybridized and selected to induce clone gamete formation by preventing meiotic recombination and chromosomal subtrahend. Hybridization of parent plants carrying cloned gametes is planned and performed based on the predicted heterosis performance at the polyploidy level. The final product is a homogeneous population of hybrid polyploidy seeds or derivatives thereof, which carries the intact nuclear genome of both parents. In some cases, the methods are used to generate plants that produce seedless fruits.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 423,765, filed on November 8, 2022, U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 423,768, filed on November 8, 2022, U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 497,670, filed on April 21, 2023, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 461,174, filed on April 21, 2023, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0003] Reference to an electronic sequence listing

[0004] The contents of the electronic Sequence Listing (197072000140seqlist.xml; size: 523,525 bytes; and creation date: November 7, 2023) are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0005] The present invention relates generally to the field of agricultural science, and specifically to systems for crop improvement and cultivating novel hybrid polyploid plant cultivars. The present invention also relates to population improvement methods for desirably altering the genetic makeup of a diploid breeding population, thereby accelerating the production of uniform hybrid polyploid seeds, plants, and plant parts suitable for cultivation. The present invention also relates to plant material obtained by this method. Background Art

[0006] The growing population, the desire to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture, and the dietary preferences of consumers ensure a continuing demand for improved crop varieties. Crop breeding has been used for thousands of years as a method to improve crop characteristics, yield, and robustness to environmental stresses. While crop yields have increased in the 20th century, crop yields have started to plateau in recent decades, suggesting the need for improved breeding methods (e.g., Rizzo (2021). Climate and agronomy, not genetics, underpin recent maize yield gains in favorable environments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119(4): e2113629119). In some staple crops and specialty crops, the most widely planted cultivars are polyploid. For example, the most popular and widely planted potato varieties are autotetraploid, and the Cavendish, which accounts for about half of global banana production, is triploid. Because artificial selection in polyploid plant species is increasingly inefficient, and in some cases, vegetative reproduction requirements of a cultivar are less desirable compared to seed-based reproduction, this creates significant complexity in breeding such varieties. For example, because the Cavendish banana is a seedless triploid, it must be reproduced through vegetative reproduction of the same clone. The resulting lack of genetic diversity in banana production makes this crop extremely vulnerable to disease outbreaks and other environmental stresses. For such polyploid crops, there is a greater need for innovative breeding techniques to develop improved varieties.

[0007] Hybrid crops are widely planted and favored because they often exhibit more robust growth, higher yields, and adaptability to environmental stressors compared to their inbred or open-pollinated counterparts. This phenomenon is referred to as heterosis or "hybrid vigor" and reflects the tendency of hybrid plants to exhibit superior qualities due to the extensive heterozygosity in the plant genome. Hybrid seeds are typically produced from a single cross of fully inbred parental plants with different sets of alleles, resulting in a biallelic hybrid plant with two sets of alleles (also referred to as haplotypes), thereby contributing to heterosis. In a further extension of the heterosis mechanism, polyploid crops can exhibit progressive heterosis; for example, additional heterosis in a polyallelic double-cross tetraploid hybrid plant that is not found in its biallelic single-cross tetraploid parents or in its more inbred grandparents. Progressive heterosis has been demonstrated in many tetraploid species, including alfalfa, potato, and tetraploid corn (Gallais. (1984). An analysis of heterosis vs. inbreeding effects with an autotetraploid cross-fertilized plant: Medicago sativa L. Genetics 106, 123-137; Groose et al. 1989. Progressive heterosis in autotetraploid alfalfa: studies using two types of inbreds. Crop Sci. 29, 1173-1177; Mok and Peloquin. 1975. Breeding value of 2n pollen (diplandroids) in tetraploid x diploid crosses in potatoes. Theor. Appl. Genet. 46, 307-314; Washburn et al. 2013. Polyploids as a "model system" for the study of heterosis. Plant Reprod 27: 1-5; Washburn et al. 2019. Progressive heterosis in genetically defined tetraploid maize (J Genet Genomics. 46(8):389-396) has resulted in increased aboveground biomass and some other agronomically desirable traits. However, due to the need to cross heterozygous single-cross parents to generate double-cross polyploid hybrids, it is not feasible to generate a consistent population of inbred seeds while utilizing progressive heterosis with existing breeding techniques.

[0008] Fruit development in most crops relies on signals from developing seeds to stimulate growth, but some crops can develop fruit in the absence of viable seeds. This phenomenon is known as parthenocarpy, and can manifest in a variety of forms. While the mechanisms of parthenocarpy vary from crop to crop, one commonality of seedless cultivars is the pairing of a parthenocarpic system with self-incompatibility and the prohibition of cross-pollination or complete or near-complete sterility of pollen and / or egg cells. In parthenocarpic crops, low-zygote viability almost guarantees the production of seedless fruit, and is often achieved through the generation of triploid plants by crossing a homozygous diploid pollinator with a homozygous tetraploid maternal plant. One major mechanism of low-zygote viability leading to triploid plants is nondisjunction. This can occur, among other reasons, because three homologs of each chromosome are linked and exchange during the first meiotic division to produce trivalents. The chromosomal segregation of each trivalent into two daughter nuclei is random. This makes the likelihood of producing a sufficient number of viable, genetically balanced, gametic cells at the end of meiosis minimal.

[0009] While triploid systems set the coveted seedless fruit, they also have some weaknesses. Triploid seeds often exhibit viability problems due to the atypical contribution of maternal and paternal genomes to the endosperm genome. In a normal diploid by diploid cross, the embryo is diploid with a triploid endosperm due to the double fertilization process, where the sperm cell of the pollen fuses with both polar nuclei of the female gametophyte to form the endosperm (maternal:paternal contribution of genomes is 2: 1). In contrast, a cross between a diploid pollinator and a tetraploid maternal will produce the desired triploid embryo with a pentaploid endosperm (maternal:paternal contribution of genomes is 4: 1). This ratio of maternal to paternal genomic contribution to the endosperm results in abnormal seed development and often leads to reduced viability. Another major drawback of triploid systems is that, in order to produce a consistent triploid seed population, both the tetraploid and diploid parents must be highly homozygous, which limits the number of haplotypes in these individuals to two.

[0010] Previous studies have established methods that allow plant geneticists to stop meiosis in plants and replace it with mitosis-like division in the reproductive line cells, thereby forming clonal gametes containing the complete non-recombining genome of the parent. One such method, called MiMe (Meiosis Interrupted by Mitosis), was developed by the present inventors and is described in detail in U.S. Patent No. 9, 1 10, 1 10, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Mi tosis instead of Memeiosis; d’Erfurth et al. 2009. Turning meiosis into mitosis. PLoS Biol 7, no. 6: e1000124.) is achieved by triple knock-out of three genes encoding gene products involved in meiosis, specifically, (1) a component of sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component of DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component of progression through the second division of meiosis. This technology for MiMe has been well developed, but commercial development of MiMe has only begun in a few select applications (see, e.g., US20190098858A1, US20120042408A1, and US10883112B2). These currently developing MiMe applications focus only on generating apomictic seeds from diploid plants. However, the application of MiMe to develop novel and enhanced breeding technologies for plants at the polyploid level, including polyploid parthenocarpic plants, has not been achieved. SUMMARY

[0011] Provided herein are new methods for breeding polyploid plants and genetically uniform populations of plants that apply MiMe in innovative ways to accelerate breeding and produce plants or populations of plants that are very difficult or impossible to produce through traditional breeding.

[0012] In particular, certain methods exploit the production of clonal gametes to release the potential of progressive heterosis in polyploid crop breeding. First, a set of diverse plant lines of a given ploidy level is obtained, improved using traditional breeding methods, and organized into heterotic groups based on their predicted heterotic performance of their haplotypes when combined in plants of higher ploidy. Then, candidate lines that together contain three or more haplotypes are selected from the set of plant lines, and one or more of the candidate lines is induced to form clonal gametes by a method such as MiMe. The clonal gametes are then crossed (e.g., with other gametes such as clonal gametes, haploid gametes derived from fully inbred individuals, or other types of unmeiotic gametes that will result in three or more haplotypes) to produce a homogenous population of polyploid seeds containing the three or more haplotypes of the candidate lines. The polyploid seeds are then grown, evaluated for characteristics needed in a breeding program, and the heterotic performance of the haplotypes contained in the plants is used to guide breeding and selection of lines for further breeding rounds. Exemplary embodiments of these methods are depicted in Figures 16-24CThe methods provided herein allow for the first time the production of genetically uniform seeds of crops comprising three or more haplotypes, allowing for the practical application of progressive heterosis in polyploids.

[0013] Certain related methods provided herein utilize the production of clonal gametes to release the potential of progressive heterosis in the breeding of seedless polyploid crops, including parthenocarpic crops. This method can be applied to the breeding and production of genetically uniform populations of polyploid seeds of seedless plants, which provide advantages including but not limited to, a means of manipulating source-sink carbon flux in tuberous vegetables and tuber crops, a means of utilizing progressive heterosis in the development of improved cultivars of parthenocarpic fruit crops, and a means of producing uniform populations of seeds of parthenocarpic fruit crops. In such methods, candidate lines can be selected that together comprise two, three, four, or more haplotypes, and two or more candidate lines are induced to form clonal gametes by a method such as MiMe, to produce two parent MiMe plants, each parent MiMe plant having MiMe alleles at two or more MiMe loci on each set of chromosomes that confer clonal gamete formation. The parent MiMe plants are selected such that a) wild type (non-MiMe) alleles of the first parent MiMe plant are partially complementary to the MiMe alleles that confer clonal gamete formation of the second parent MiMe plant, and vice versa; and b) the parent MiMe plants have at least one MiMe locus in common with the MiMe alleles at that locus on all sets of chromosomes. The clonal gametes are then crossed to produce a homogenous population of multiallelic polyploid seeds comprising two, three, or more haplotype candidate lines that, due to the genotypes of the parent MiMe plants, have only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci on all sets of chromosomes, and at least one non-MiMe allele at all other MiMe loci. Thus, the polyploid seed population has neither the normal meiotic phenotype nor the clonal gamete formation phenotype, and therefore produces non-viable gametes and seedless plants. The polyploid seeds are then grown, the plants are evaluated for characteristics desired in a breeding program, and the heterotic performance of the haplotypes contained in the plants is used to guide the breeding of the lines and select them for further breeding rounds. Exemplary embodiments of these methods are depicted in Figures 16-24C The methods provided herein allow for the first time the production of genetically uniform seeds of crops comprising three or more haplotypes, allowing for the practical application of progressive heterosis in polyploids, including parthenocarpic crops. Furthermore, this method provides an alternative to vegetative propagation of seedless parthenocarpic fruit crops by allowing the production of a population of true-to-type seeds of improved parthenocarpic fruit crop hybrids, addressing a long-standing need to increase the genetic diversity of such crops.

[0014] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a population of polyploid seeds comprising three or more haplotypes of the same or related plant species, wherein at least 50% of the population of polyploid seeds are genetically uniform, and wherein the population is obtained from a single plant or a set of plants, such as, for example, a set of Fl hybrids. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a population of polyploid seeds comprising a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 50% of the total number of seeds, the genetically uniform polyploid seeds comprising three or more haplotypes of the same or related plant species, wherein the population is obtained from a single plant or a set of plants, such as, for example, a set of Fl hybrids. The polyploid seeds (e.g., the subpopulation of genetically uniform seeds) can be, for example, triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid, hexaploid, heptaploid, or octoploid. In some embodiments, at least 70%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% of the population of polyploid seeds are genetically uniform. In certain embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds has an average pairwise genetic uniformity of at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%, as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. In certain embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds comprises a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 70%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% of the total number of seeds. In certain embodiments, each pair of seeds in the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a pairwise identity of at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%, as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. In certain embodiments, the polyploid seeds (e.g., the subpopulation of genetically uniform seeds) comprise four or more haplotypes of the same or related plant species. In some embodiments, germination of the seeds of the population of polyploid seeds or the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds results in sterile plants that produce non-viable gametes, seedless fruits, or a combination thereof.The polyploid seed population can be from any plant species, including but not limited to potato, corn, banana, blueberry, blackberry, watermelon, melon, tomato, lycium, pepper, eggplant, grape, orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, cucumber, zucchini, gourd, squash, apple, pear, kiwifruit, pomegranate, mango, guava, papaya, avocado, stone fruit, date, fig, alfalfa, tobacco, cotton, clover, strawberry, currant, gooseberry, boysenberry, raspberry, artichoke, beet, potato, sweet potato, achira, ahipa, arracacha, maca, nashua, mauka, oca, ulluco, yacon, yam, radish, horseradish, turnip, parsnip, rutabaga, yucca, corn, onion, green onion, leek, shallot, peanut, asparagus, sugarcane, cassava, brussels sprouts, cabbage, kale, lettuce, chard, spinach, bok choy, okra, cashew, pineapple, celery, oat, birch, rapeseed, mustard, tea, safflower seed, cedar, eucalyptus, fir, soybean, sunflower, hemlock, rubber tree, kenaf, barley, hops, walnut, larch, lentil, flax, rye grass, maple, bamboo, rosemary, olive, rice, brome, kidney bean, snap bean, ground cherry, pine, pistachio, pea, turfgrass, poplar, apricot, plum and prune, almond, nectarine, peach, cherry, rose, rubus, rye, sesame, sorghum, spruce, switchgrass, Russian dandelion, cocoa, durum wheat, emmer, wheat, fava bean, cowpea, ginger, kohlrabi, broccoli, and cauliflower.

[0015] In some embodiments, the polyploid seeds (e.g., subpopulation of genetically uniform seeds) comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of one or more, two or more, or three or more MiMe loci. The seeds can comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of a MiMe locus including, but not limited to, REC8, OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, SWITCH1 / DYAD, PS1, JASON, PC1, PC2, and FC. In some embodiments, the polyploid seeds (e.g., subpopulation of genetically uniform seeds) comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in altered activity of one or more, two or more, or three or more MiMe components. In some embodiments, the altered activity includes, for example, a dominant negative, constitutively active, or null mutant of one or more MiMe components. In one embodiment, the polyploid seeds (e.g., subpopulation of genetically uniform seeds) comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof. In another embodiment, the polyploid seeds (e.g., subpopulation of genetically uniform seeds) comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof. In another embodiment, the polyploid seeds (e.g., subpopulation of genetically uniform seeds) comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In yet another embodiment, the polyploid seeds (e.g., subpopulation of genetically uniform seeds) comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PS1, JASON, or a combination thereof. The polyploid seeds can comprise genetic modifications of any combination of the MiMe loci described herein. The one or more genetic modifications can include, but are not limited to, modification of an enhancer in the MiMe locus, modification of the promoter of the MiMe locus, modification of the coding region in the MiMe locus, modification of the methylation status of the MiMe locus, expression of a repressor protein that targets DNA or mRNA of the MiMe locus, and expression of an RNA interference construct that targets mRNA from the MiMe locus.

[0016] In certain embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a full MiMe genotype comprising a MiMe allele that confers reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci for each of a first, second, and third MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component of sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component of progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In other embodiments, the polyploid population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a partial MiMe genotype comprising (a) one or more MiMe alleles that confers reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci for each of a first, second, and third MiMe component; and (b) one or more non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci for each of the first, second, and third MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component of sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component of progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In some variations, the one or more MiMe loci for a component of sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis include REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof. In further variations, the one or more MiMe loci for a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination include PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In yet further variations, the one or more MiMe loci for a component of progression through the second division of meiosis include OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof.

[0017] In certain embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a full MiMe genotype comprising a MiMe allele that confers reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first and second MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In other embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a partial MiMe genotype comprising: (a) one or more MiMe alleles that confers reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first and second MiMe component; and (b) one or more non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of each of the first and second MiMe components, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In some variations, the one or more MiMe loci of the component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination include PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In further variations, the one or more MiMe loci of the component of progression through the first division of meiosis include PS1, JASON, or a combination thereof.

[0018] In certain embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has (i) at least a first and a second haplotype each comprising one or more MiMe alleles that confer reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first, second, and third MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component of sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component of progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component; and (ii) at least a third haplotype comprising (a) a MiMe allele that confers reduced expression of a MiMe locus of a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, or (b) a MiMe allele that confers reduced expression of a MiMe locus of a component of progression through the second division of meiosis. In some variations, the one or more MiMe loci of a component of sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis comprise REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof. In further variations, the one or more MiMe loci of a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination comprise PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In still further variations, the MiMe locus of a component of progression through the first division of meiosis of the third haplotype is PS1 or JASON. In yet further variations, the one or more MiMe loci of a component of progression through the second division of meiosis of the first and second haplotypes comprise OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof. In still further variations, the locus of a component of progression through the second division of meiosis of the third haplotype is OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, or FC.

[0019] In certain embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has (i) at least a first and a second haplotype each comprising one or more MiMe alleles that confer reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first and a second MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component; and (ii) at least a third haplotype comprising (a) a MiMe allele that confers reduced expression of a MiMe locus of a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, or (b) a MiMe allele that confers reduced expression of a MiMe locus of a component of progression through the second division of meiosis. In some variations, the one or more MiMe loci of a component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination comprise PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In further variations, the one or more MiMe loci of a component of progression through the first division of meiosis of the first and second haplotypes comprise PS1, JASON, or a combination thereof. In still further variations, the MiMe locus of a component of progression through the first division of meiosis of the third haplotype is PS1 or JASON. In yet further variations, the MiMe locus of a component of progression through the second division of meiosis of the third haplotype is OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, or FC.

[0020] In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a full MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1.

[0021] In some embodiments, a population of polyploid seeds or a subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds has a complete MiMe genotype, which comprises (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1. In some embodiments, a population of polyploid seeds or a subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds has a partial MiMe genotype, which comprises (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

[0022] In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a full MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

[0023] In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a full MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1.

[0024] In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a full MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

[0025] In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a full MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1.

[0026] In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a full MiMe genotype comprising (i) an os allele, wherein the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds is homozygous for the os allele, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) an os allele, wherein the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds is heterozygous for the os allele, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

[0027] In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a full MiMe genotype comprising (i) a ps allele, wherein the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds is homozygous for the ps allele, and (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) a ps allele, wherein the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds is heterozygous for the ps allele, and (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

[0028] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a population of polyploid seeds having a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (a) only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component; (b) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, and one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, wherein at least 50% of the population of polyploid seeds are genetically identical, and wherein the population is obtained from a single plant or a set of plants, such as, for example, a set of Fl hybrids. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a population of polyploid seeds comprising a subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 50% of the total number of seeds, the genetically identical polyploid seeds comprising a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (a) only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component; (b) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, and one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, and wherein the population is obtained from a single plant or a set of plants, such as, for example, a set of Fl hybrids. The polyploid seeds (e.g., the subpopulation of genetically identical seeds) can be, for example, triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid, hexaploid, heptaploid, or octoploid. In some embodiments, at least 70%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% of the population of polyploid seeds are genetically identical. In certain embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds has an average pairwise genetic identity of at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%, as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. In certain embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds comprises a subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 70%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% of the total number of seeds. In certain embodiments, each pair of seeds in the subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds has a pairwise identity of at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%, as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. In some embodiments, the partially complementary genotype comprises only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component.In other embodiments, the partially complementary genotype comprises one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a third MiMe component and one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the third MiMe component. In certain embodiments, the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component that sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component that DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component that progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component.

[0029] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a population of polyploid seeds having a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (a) only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component; and (b) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, and one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, wherein at least 50% of the population of polyploid seeds are genetically identical, and wherein the population is obtained from a single parent plant or a set of plants, such as, for example, a set of Fl hybrids. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a population of polyploid seeds comprising a subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 50% of the total number of seeds, the genetically identical polyploid seeds comprising a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (a) only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component; and (b) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, and one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, and wherein the population is obtained from a single parent plant or a set of plants, such as, for example, a set of Fl hybrids. The polyploid seeds (e.g., the subpopulation of genetically identical seeds) can be, for example, triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid, hexaploid, heptaploid, or octoploid. In some embodiments, at least 70%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% of the population of polyploid seeds are genetically identical. In certain embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds has an average pairwise genetic identity of at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%, as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. In certain embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds comprises a subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 70%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% of the total number of seeds. In certain embodiments, each pair of seeds in the subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds has a pairwise identity of at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%, as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient.In some embodiments, the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component that promotes DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component that promotes progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component.

[0030] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a polyploid seed population having a partially complementary MiMe genotype, wherein the partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises (a) only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component is a component that undergoes DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination; (b) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a second MiMe component; (c) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component; and (d) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a fourth MiMe component, wherein at least 50% of the polyploid seed population is genetically uniform, and wherein the population is obtained from a single parent plant or a group of plants, such as, for example, a group of F1 hybrids. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a population of polyploid seeds comprising a subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 50% of the total number of seeds, wherein the genetically identical polyploid seeds comprise a partially complementary MiMe genotype, wherein the partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises (a) only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component is a component that undergoes DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination; (b) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a second MiMe component; (c) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component; and (d) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a fourth MiMe component, and wherein the population is obtained from a single parent plant or a group of plants, such as, for example, a group of F1 hybrids. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population has at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or 100% average paired genetic consistency.In certain embodiments, the polyploid seed population comprises a subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 70%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% of the total number of seeds. In certain embodiments, each pair of seeds in the subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds has at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% pairwise identity as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. In some embodiments, the second MiMe component, the third MiMe component, and the fourth MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component that sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis, (3) a component that progresses through the second division of meiosis, and (4) a component that progresses through the first division of meiosis, and each of the second MiMe component, the third MiMe component, and the fourth MiMe component is a different MiMe component.

[0031] In some embodiments of the foregoing aspects, the first MiMe component is a component that sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis. In some variations, the one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component comprise REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof. In one variation, the MiMe locus of the first MiMe component is REC8. In certain embodiments, the second MiMe component is a component that DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination. In some variations, the first MiMe locus and the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component comprise PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In one variation, the first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component is PAIR1 and the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component is SPO11-1. In other embodiments, the third MiMe component is a component that progression through the second division of meiosis. In some embodiments, the partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component. In some variations, the one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component comprise OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof. In one variation, the MiMe locus of the third MiMe component is OSD1. In other embodiments, the partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of the third MiMe component and one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the third MiMe component. In some variations, the first MiMe locus and the second MiMe locus of the third MiMe component comprise OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component, wherein the one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component having only MiMe alleles comprise REC8, the first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component is PAIR1, the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component is SPO11-1, and the one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component having only MiMe alleles comprise OSD1. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in an altered activity of one or more, two or more, or three or more MiMe components.In some embodiments, the altered activity includes dominant negative, constitutive activity, or null mutants of one or more MiMe components, for example.

[0032] In some embodiments of the foregoing aspects, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1, and (iv) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the SPO11-1 locus comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

[0033] In some embodiments of the foregoing aspects, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1, and (iv) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the SPO11-1 locus comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

[0034] In some embodiments of the foregoing aspects, a population of polyploid seeds or a subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds has a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1, and (iv) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the SPO11-1 locus comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

[0035] In some embodiments of the foregoing aspects, a population of polyploid seeds or a subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds has a partially complementary MiMe genotype, wherein the partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises (i) a ps allele, wherein the subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds is heterozygous for the ps allele, (ii) an os allele, wherein the subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds is heterozygous for the os allele, (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iv) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the SPO11-1 locus comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

[0036] In some embodiments of the foregoing aspects, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) an os allele, wherein the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds is heterozygous for the os allele, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iv) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

[0037] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of producing a population of polyploid seeds described herein, the method comprising: (a) providing clonal gametes from a pair of parental MiMe plants, the parental MiMe plants together comprising three or more haplotypes; and (b) crossing the clonal gametes to produce the population of polyploid seeds. In some embodiments, at least 50% of the population of polyploid seeds are genetically identical and comprise three or more haplotypes. In some embodiments, at least 70%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% of the population of polyploid seeds produced by the method are genetically identical. In some embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds comprises a subpopulation of genetically identical seeds in an amount of at least 50% of the total number of seeds, the subpopulation of genetically identical seeds comprising three or more haplotypes. In certain embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds comprises a subpopulation of genetically identical seeds in an amount of at least 70%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% of the total number of seeds. In certain embodiments, the polyploid seeds produced by the method (e.g., the subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds) comprise four or more haplotypes of the same or related plant species. The population of polyploid seeds or the subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds can be, for example, triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid, hexaploid, heptaploid, or octoploid. In some embodiments, germination of seeds of the population of polyploid seeds produced by the method (e.g., germination of seeds of the subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds) results in sterile plants that produce non-viable gametes, seedless fruits, or a combination thereof.The methods can be used to produce a polyploid seed population that can be from any plant species, including but not limited to potato, corn, banana, blueberry, blackberry, watermelon, melon, tomato, lycium, pepper, eggplant, grape, orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, cucumber, zucchini, gourd, squash, apple, pear, kiwi, pomegranate, mango, guava, papaya, avocado, stone fruit, date, fig, alfalfa, tobacco, cotton, clover, strawberry, currant, gooseberry, boysenberry, raspberry, artichoke, beet, potato, sweet potato, banana tree, ahipa, maca, nashua, mauka, potato oca, potato bean, yacon, yam, radish, horseradish, turnip, parsnip, rutabaga, yucca, corn, onion, green onion, leek, shallot, garlic, chive, peanut, asparagus, sugarcane, cassava, brussels sprouts, cabbage, kale, collard greens, lettuce, endive, spinach, bok choy, okra, cashew, pineapple, celery, oat, birch, rapeseed, mustard, tea, safflower seed, cedar, quinoa, chickpea, citron, satsuma, tangerine, and mandarin, clementine, coffee, cola, hazelnut, saffron, melon and cantaloupe, carrot, oil palm, teff, rubber rabbit brush, eucalyptus, fir, soybean, sunflower, hemlock, rubber tree, kenaf, barley, hops, walnut, larch, lentil, flax, rye grass, maple, orchard grass, rosemary, olive, rice, millet, four o'clock, bean, ground cherry, pine, pistachio, pea, turf grass, poplar, apricot, plum and prune, almond, nectarine, peach, cherry, rose, rubus, rye, sesame, sorghum, spruce, switchgrass, Russian dandelion, cocoa, durum wheat, emmer, wheat, fava bean, cowpea, ginger, kohlrabi, broccoli, and cauliflower.

[0038] In some embodiments, the method of producing a population of polyploid seeds comprises producing a population of polyploid seeds comprising one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of one or more, two or more, or three or more MiMe loci. The population of polyploid seeds or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds can comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of a MiMe locus including, but not limited to, REC8, OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, SWITCH1 / DYAD, PS1, JASON, PC1, PC2, and FC. In one embodiment, the polyploid seeds or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds produced by the method comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof. In another embodiment, the polyploid seeds or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds produced by the method comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or a combination thereof. In another embodiment, the polyploid seeds or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds produced by the method comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or a combination thereof. In yet another embodiment, the polyploid seeds produced by the method comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PS1, JASON, or a combination thereof. The polyploid seeds or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds produced by the method can comprise genetic modifications of any combination of the MiMe loci described herein. The genetic modifications can include, but are not limited to, modification of an enhancer in the MiMe locus, modification of the promoter of the MiMe locus, modification of the coding region in the MiMe locus, modification of the methylation status of the MiMe locus, expression of a repressor protein that targets DNA or mRNA of the MiMe locus, and expression of an RNA interference construct that targets mRNA from the MiMe locus.

[0039] In certain embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds produced by the method comprises a full MiMe genotype comprising a MiMe allele that confers reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci for each of a first, second, and third MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component of sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component of progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In other embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds produced by the method comprises a partial MiMe genotype comprising (a) one or more MiMe alleles that confers reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci for each of a first, second, and third MiMe component; and (b) one or more non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci for each of the first, second, and third MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component of sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component of progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In some variations, the one or more MiMe loci for a component of sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis include REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof. In further variations, the one or more MiMe loci for a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination include PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In yet further variations, the one or more MiMe loci for a component of progression through the second division of meiosis include OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof.

[0040] In certain embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds produced by the method has a full MiMe genotype comprising a MiMe allele that confers reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first and second MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In other embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds produced by the method has a partial MiMe genotype comprising: (a) one or more MiMe alleles that confers reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first and second MiMe component; and (b) one or more non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of each of the first and second MiMe components, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In some variations, the one or more MiMe loci of the component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination include PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In further variations, the one or more MiMe loci of the component of progression through the first division of meiosis include PS1, JASON, or a combination thereof.

[0041] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of producing a polyploid seed population having a partially complementary MiMe genotype described herein, the method comprising (a) providing a clone gamete from a first parent MiMe plant, wherein the first parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, only a MiMe allele at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, only a non-MiMe allele at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, and only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component; (b) providing a clone gamete from a second parent MiMe plant, wherein the second parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component, only a non-MiMe allele at the first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, only a MiMe allele at the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, and only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component; and (c) crossing the clone gametes from the first parent MiMe plant and the second parent MiMe plant to produce the polyploid seed population having the partially complementary MiMe genotype. In some embodiments, at least 50% of the polyploid seed population is genetically uniform and comprises two, three, or more haplotypes. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population comprises a subpopulation of genetically uniform seeds in an amount of at least 50% of the total number of seeds, the subpopulation of genetically uniform seeds comprising a partially complementary MiMe genotype. In certain embodiments, at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the first parent MiMe plant having only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the second parent MiMe plant having only MiMe alleles. In some embodiments, at least one of the MiMe loci of the third MiMe component of the first parent MiMe plant having only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the third MiMe component of the second parent MiMe plant having only MiMe alleles. In other embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component of the first parent MiMe plant having only MiMe alleles is different from the one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component of the second parent MiMe plant having only MiMe alleles.In some embodiments, the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component that adheres sister chromatids during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component that creates a DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component that progresses through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component.

[0042] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of producing a polyploid seed population having a partially complementary MiMe genotype as described herein, the method comprising (a) providing a clonal gamete from a first parental MiMe plant, wherein the first parental MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, only a MiMe allele at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, and only a non-MiMe allele at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component; (b) providing a clonal gamete from a second parental MiMe plant, wherein the second parental MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component, only a non-MiMe allele at the first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, and only a MiMe allele at the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component; and (c) crossing the clonal gametes from the first parental MiMe plant and the second parental MiMe plant to produce the polyploid seed population having the partially complementary MiMe genotype. In some embodiments, at least 50% of the polyploid seed population is genetically uniform and comprises two, three, or more haplotypes. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population comprises a subpopulation of genetically uniform seeds in an amount of at least 50% of the total number of seeds, the subpopulation of genetically uniform seeds comprising a partially complementary MiMe genotype. In some embodiments, at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the first parental MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the second parental MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles. In certain embodiments, the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component that creates a DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component that progresses through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component.

[0043] In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of producing a population of polyploid seeds having a partially complementary MiMe genotype described herein, the method comprising (a) providing clonal gametes from a first parental MiMe plant, wherein the first parental MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a second MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component, and only non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a fourth MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component is a component that is sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis; (b) providing clonal gametes from a second parental MiMe plant, wherein the second parental MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the second MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component, and only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the fourth MiMe component; and (c) crossing the clonal gametes from the first parental MiMe plant and the second parental MiMe plant to produce the population of polyploid seeds having a partially complementary MiMe genotype. In some embodiments, at least 50% of the population of polyploid seeds are genetically identical and comprise two, three, or more haplotypes. In some embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds comprises a subpopulation of genetically identical seeds in an amount of at least 50% of the total number of seeds, the subpopulation of genetically identical seeds comprising a partially complementary MiMe genotype. In some embodiments, at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the first parental MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the second parental MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles. In certain embodiments, the second MiMe component, the third MiMe component, and the fourth MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component that is sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis, (3) a component that progresses through the second division of meiosis, and (4) a component that progresses through the first division of meiosis, and each of the second MiMe component, the third MiMe component, and the fourth MiMe component is a different MiMe component.

[0044] In some embodiments of the foregoing method, the first MiMe component is a component that sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis. In some variations of the method, the MiMe locus of the first MiMe component of both the first parental MiMe plant and the second parental MiMe plant comprises REC8. In certain embodiments of the method, the second MiMe component is a component that DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination. In some variations of the method, the first MiMe locus and the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component comprise PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In one variation of the method, the first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component is PAIR1 and the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component is SPO11-1. In other embodiments of the method, the third MiMe component is a component that progression through the second division of meiosis. In some embodiments of the method, at least one of the MiMe loci with only MiMe alleles of the third MiMe component of the first parental MiMe plant is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci with only MiMe alleles of the third MiMe component of the second parental MiMe plant. In some variations, the MiMe loci with only MiMe alleles of the component that progression through the second division of meiosis comprise OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof. In one variation, the MiMe locus with only MiMe alleles of the third MiMe component is OSD1. In other embodiments of the method, one or more MiMe loci with only MiMe alleles of the third MiMe component of the first parental MiMe plant is different from one or more MiMe loci with only MiMe alleles of the third MiMe component of the second parental MiMe plant. In some variations, the MiMe loci with only MiMe alleles of the third MiMe component comprise OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof. In one variation of the method, the MiMe locus with only MiMe alleles of the first MiMe component comprises REC8, the first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component is PAIR1, the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component is SPO11-1, and the MiMe locus with only MiMe alleles of the third MiMe component comprises OSD1.

[0045] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of breeding a polyploid hybrid plant line, the method comprising: (a) obtaining a set of lines of a plant; (b) breeding the lines using traditional plant breeding methods to produce a set of candidate lines of the plant; (c) selecting two or more candidate lines that together comprise three or more haplotypes; (d) generating two parent MiMe plants from the two or more candidate lines that together comprise the three or more haplotypes; (e) providing clonal gametes from each of the parent MiMe plants; (f) crossing the clonal gametes to produce a hybrid polyploid seed comprising the three or more haplotypes; (g) growing the hybrid polyploid seed to produce a hybrid polyploid plant comprising three or more haplotypes; and (h) evaluating one or more characteristics of the hybrid polyploid plant. The candidate lines and the parent MiMe plants can be any ploidy, including but not limited to haploid, monoploid, diploid, triploid, or tetraploid. In further embodiments of the breeding method, the hybrid polyploid plant is tetraploid, pentaploid, hexaploid, heptaploid, or octaploid.

[0046] In some embodiments of the breeding method, step (d) comprises introducing a full MiMe genotype directly into two candidate lines to produce two parent MiMe plants. In other embodiments of the breeding method, step (d) comprises introducing a partial MiMe genotype into two candidate lines to produce two ancestral non-MiMe plants each having a partial MiMe genotype, crossing the ancestral non-MiMe plants each having a partial MiMe genotype to produce a first parent MiMe plant, and introducing a full MiMe genotype directly into a third candidate line to produce a second parent MiMe plant. In yet other embodiments of the breeding method, step (d) comprises introducing a partial MiMe genotype into four candidate lines to produce four ancestral non-MiMe plants each having a partial MiMe genotype, and crossing the ancestral non-MiMe plants each having a partial MiMe genotype pairwise to produce two parent MiMe plants. In certain embodiments, step (d) further comprises propagating the parent MiMe plants to scale production of homogenous seed.

[0047] In some embodiments of the breeding method, the parent MiMe plants of step (d) each have a full MiMe genotype comprising MiMe alleles that are naturally occurring, introduced via genetic modification, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the genetic modification results in reduced expression of one or more, two or more, or three or more MiMe loci including, but not limited to, REC8, OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, SWITCH1 / DYAD, PS1, JASON, PC1, PC2, and FC. In one embodiment, the genetic modification results in reduced expression of REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof. In another embodiment, the genetic modification results in reduced expression of OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof. In another embodiment, the genetic modification results in reduced expression of PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In yet another embodiment, the genetic modification results in reduced expression of PS1, JASON, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more genetic modifications are introduced by gene editing, transgenesis, or a combination thereof. The genetic modification can be achieved by any method described herein, including but not limited to gene disruption, gene knockout, gene knockdown, gene silencing, RNA interference, induction of methylation, or any combination thereof.

[0048] In certain embodiments, the polyploid seed population produced by the breeding method comprises a full MiMe genotype comprising a MiMe allele that confers reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci for each of a first, second, and third MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component of sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component of progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In other embodiments, the polyploid seed population produced by the breeding method comprises a partial MiMe genotype comprising (a) one or more MiMe alleles that confers reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci for each of a first, second, and third MiMe component; and (b) one or more non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci for each of the first, second, and third MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component of sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component of progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In some variations, the one or more MiMe loci for a component of sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis comprises REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof. In further variations, the one or more MiMe loci for a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination comprises PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In yet further variations, the one or more MiMe loci for a component of progression through the second division of meiosis comprises OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof.

[0049] In certain embodiments, the polyploid seed population produced by the breeding method has a full MiMe genotype comprising a MiMe allele that confers reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first and a second MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In other embodiments, the polyploid seed population produced by the breeding method has a partial MiMe genotype comprising: (a) one or more MiMe alleles that confers reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first and a second MiMe component; and (b) one or more non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of each of the first and second MiMe components, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In some variations, the one or more MiMe loci of a component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination include PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In further variations, the one or more MiMe loci of a component of progression through the first division of meiosis include PS1, JASON, or a combination thereof.

[0050] In certain embodiments of the breeding method, the method of breeding a polyploid seed population further comprises (i) repeating steps (b)-(h) or steps (c)-(h) using one or more characteristics of the hybrid polyploid plants evaluated in step (h) to guide breeding of the line of step (b), selection of the candidate line of step (c), or both. In some variations, the one or more characteristics include heterotic performance of three or more haplotypes of the polyploid hybrid plants evaluated in step (h).

[0051] In some embodiments of the breeding method, the set of lines in step (a) is obtained from one or more of natural diversity, an existing breeding program, or doubled haploid induction of a polyploid line. In certain embodiments of the breeding method, step (a) further comprises grouping the set of lines into three or more heterotic groups, wherein each heterotic group comprises haplotypes, and wherein the haplotypes are grouped based on observed or predicted heterotic performance when combined in a heteroploid plant of step (g). In one variation, step (a) comprises grouping the set of lines into four or more heterotic groups. In certain embodiments, the heterotic performance is predicted by genomic predictive modeling. In some embodiments of the breeding method, step (b) comprises reciprocal selection, inbreeding one or more plant lines to homozygosity, creating a doubled haploid line (e.g., a doubled monoploid line), backcrossing, or any other method or combination thereof known in the art for creating a plant line with high homozygosity. The candidate lines of step (c) can be inbred lines, hybrid lines, or a combination thereof.

[0052] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of producing a population of polyploid seeds, the method comprising: (a) providing clonal gametes from a pair of parental MiMe plants comprising together three or more haplotypes, the three or more haplotypes being selected based on a polyploid plant comprising the three or more haplotypes having one or more desired characteristics using the breeding method described herein; and (b) crossing the clonal gametes to produce the population of polyploid seeds, wherein at least 50% of the population of polyploid seeds are genetically identical and comprise three or more haplotypes. The polyploid seeds produced by the method can be, for example, triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid, hexaploid, heptaploid, or octaploid. In some embodiments, at least 70%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% of the population of polyploid seeds produced by the method are genetically identical. In certain embodiments, the polyploid seeds produced by the method comprise four or more haplotypes of the same or related plant species. In some variations of the method, the lines of plants are maintained by vegetative reproduction, selfing, apomixis, cell culture, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the method further comprises maintaining a stock of lines of plants from which haplotypes can be selected for rapid definitive stacking of haplotypes. In some variations, the stock of lines comprises one or more plant lines having a full MiMe genotype maintained by vegetative reproduction, crossing with a haploid inducer, or a combination thereof. In further variations, the stock of lines comprises one or more plant lines having a partial MiMe genotype.

[0053] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for producing a polyploid seed population, the method comprising: (a) providing clonal gametes from a parent MiMe plant; (b) providing haploid (e.g., haploid) gametes from a homozygous parent non-MiMe plant; and (c) hybridizing the clonal gametes with the haploid (e.g., haploid) gametes to produce the polyploid seed population, wherein the clonal gametes and the haploid (e.g., haploid) gametes together comprise three or more haplotypes, and wherein at least 50% of the polyploid seed population is genetically uniform and comprises three or more haplotypes. The parent MiMe plant can be, for example, a diploid, a triploid, or a tetraploid. The homozygous parent non-MiMe plant can be, for example, a diploid or a tetraploid. The polyploid seeds produced by the method can be, for example, a triploid, a tetraploid, a pentaploid, a hexaploid, a heptaploid, or an octoploid. In some embodiments, at least 70%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% of the polyploid seed population produced by the method are genetically consistent. In certain embodiments, the polyploid seeds produced by the method comprise four or more haplotypes of the same or related plant species. In some embodiments, germination of the seeds of the polyploid seed population produced by the method produces sterile plants that produce non-viable gametes, seedless fruit or a combination thereof.The methods can be used to produce a polyploid seed population that can be from any plant species, including but not limited to potato, corn, banana, blueberry, blackberry, watermelon, melon, tomato, lycium, pepper, eggplant, grape, orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, cucumber, zucchini, gourd, squash, apple, pear, kiwi, pomegranate, mango, guava, papaya, avocado, stone fruit, date, fig, alfalfa, tobacco, cotton, clover, strawberry, currant, gooseberry, boysenberry, raspberry, artichoke, beet, potato, sweet potato, banana tree, ahipa, maca, nashua, mauka, potato oca, potato bean, yacon, yam, radish, horseradish, turnip, parsnip, rutabaga, yucca, corn, onion, green onion, leek, shallot, garlic, chive, peanut, asparagus, sugarcane, cassava, brussels sprouts, cabbage, kale, collard greens, lettuce, endive, spinach, bok choy, okra, cashew, pineapple, celery, oat, birch, rapeseed, mustard, tea, safflower seed, cedar, quinoa, chickpea, citron, satsuma, tangerine, and mandarin, clementine, coffee, cola, hazelnut, saffron, melon and cantaloupe, carrot, oil palm, teff, rubber rabbit brush, eucalyptus, fir, soybean, sunflower, hemlock, rubber tree, kenaf, barley, hops, walnut, larch, lentil, flax, rye grass, maple, orchard grass, rosemary, olive, rice, millet, four o'clock, bean, ground cherry, pine, pistachio, pea, turf grass, poplar, apricot, plum and prune, almond, nectarine, peach, cherry, rose, rubus, rye, sesame, sorghum, spruce, switchgrass, Russian dandelion, cocoa, durum wheat, emmer, wheat, fava bean, cowpea, ginger, kohlrabi, broccoli, and cauliflower.

[0054] In some embodiments, the method of producing a polyploid seed population comprises producing a polyploid seed population comprising one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of one or more, two or more, or three or more MiMe loci. The seed can comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of a MiMe locus including, but not limited to, REC8, OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, SWITCH1 / DYAD, PS1, JASON, PC1, PC2, and FC. In one embodiment, the polyploid seed produced by the method comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof. In another embodiment, the polyploid seed produced by the method comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or a combination thereof. In another embodiment, the polyploid seed produced by the method comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or a combination thereof. In yet another embodiment, the polyploid seed produced by the method comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PS1, JASON, or a combination thereof. The polyploid seed produced by the method can comprise genetic modifications of any combination of the MiMe loci described herein. The genetic modifications can include, but are not limited to, modification of an enhancer in the MiMe locus, modification of the promoter of the MiMe locus, modification of the coding region in the MiMe locus, modification of the methylation status of the MiMe locus, expression of a repressor protein targeting DNA or mRNA of the MiMe locus, and expression of an RNA interference construct targeting mRNA from the MiMe locus.

[0055] In certain embodiments, the polyploid seed population produced by the method comprises a partial MiMe genotype comprising (a) one or more MiMe alleles that confer reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first, second, and third MiMe component; and (b) one or more non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci in each of the first, second, and third MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component of sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component of progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In some variations, the one or more MiMe loci of the component of sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis comprise REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof. In further variations, the one or more MiMe loci of the component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination comprise PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In yet further variations, the one or more MiMe loci of the component of progression through the second division of meiosis comprise OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof.

[0056] In certain embodiments, the polyploid seed population produced by the method has a partial MiMe genotype comprising: (a) one or more MiMe alleles that confer reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first and second MiMe component; and (b) one or more non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of each of the first and second MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In some variations, the one or more MiMe loci of a component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination include PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In further variations, the one or more MiMe loci of a component of progression through the first division of meiosis include PS1, JASON, or combinations thereof.

[0057] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of breeding a polyploid hybrid plant line, the method comprising: (a) obtaining a set of lines of a plant; (b) breeding the lines using traditional plant breeding methods to produce a set of candidate lines of the plant; (c) selecting two or more candidate lines that together comprise three or more haplotypes; (d) generating a parental MiMe plant from one of the two or more candidate lines; (e) providing a clonal gamete from the parental MiMe plant; (f) providing a haploid (e.g., monoploid) gamete of a homozygous parental non-MiMe plant from one of the two or more candidate lines; (g) crossing the clonal gamete with the haploid (e.g., monoploid) gamete to produce a hybrid polyploid seed; (h) growing the hybrid polyploid seed to produce a hybrid polyploid plant; and (i) evaluating one or more characteristics of the hybrid polyploid plant, wherein the parental MiMe plant and the homozygous parental non-MiMe plant together comprise three or more haplotypes, wherein the crossing of step (g) produces a hybrid polyploid seed comprising three or more haplotypes, and wherein the growing of step (h) produces a hybrid polyploid plant comprising three or more haplotypes. The candidate lines, the parental MiMe plant, and the homozygous parental non-MiMe plant can be any ploidy, including but not limited to haploid, monoploid, diploid, triploid, or tetraploid. In some embodiments of the breeding method, the hybrid polyploid plant is tetraploid, pentaploid, hexaploid, heptaploid, or octaploid.

[0058] In some embodiments of the breeding method, step (d) comprises introducing a full MiMe genotype directly into a candidate line to produce a parent MiMe plant. In other embodiments of the breeding method, step (d) comprises introducing a partial MiMe genotype into two candidate lines to produce two ancestral non-MiMe plants each having a partial MiMe genotype, crossing the ancestral non-MiMe plants each having a partial MiMe genotype to produce a parent MiMe plant. In certain embodiments, step (d) further comprises propagating the parent MiMe plant to mass produce a homogenous seed.

[0059] In some embodiments of the breeding method, the parent MiMe plant of step (d) has a full MiMe genotype comprising MiMe alleles that are naturally occurring, introduced via genetic modification, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the genetic modification results in a reduction in expression of one or more, two or more, or three or more MiMe loci including, but not limited to, REC8, OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, SWITCH1 / DYAD, PS1, JASON, PC1, PC2, and FC. In one embodiment, the genetic modification results in a reduction in expression of REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof. In another embodiment, the genetic modification results in a reduction in expression of OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof. In another embodiment, the genetic modification results in a reduction in expression of PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In yet another embodiment, the genetic modification results in a reduction in expression of PS1, JASON, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more genetic modifications are introduced by gene editing, transgenesis, or a combination thereof. The genetic modification can be achieved by any method described herein including, but not limited to, gene disruption, gene knockout, gene knockdown, gene silencing, RNA interference, induction of methylation, or any combination thereof.

[0060] In certain embodiments, the polyploid seed population produced by the breeding method comprises a partial MiMe genotype comprising (a) one or more MiMe alleles that confer reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first, second, and third MiMe component; and (b) one or more non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci in each of the first, second, and third MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component of sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component of progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In some variations, the one or more MiMe loci of the component of sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis comprise REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof. In further variations, the one or more MiMe loci of the component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination comprise PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In yet further variations, the one or more MiMe loci of the component of progression through the second division of meiosis comprise OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof.

[0061] In certain embodiments, the polyploid seed population produced by the breeding method has a partial MiMe genotype comprising: (a) one or more MiMe alleles that confer reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first and second MiMe component; and (b) one or more non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of each of the first and second MiMe components, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In some variations, the one or more MiMe loci of the component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination include PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In further variations, the one or more MiMe loci of the component of progression through the first division of meiosis include PS1, JASON, or a combination thereof.

[0062] In certain embodiments of the breeding method, the method of breeding the polyploid seed population further comprises (j) repeating steps (b)-(i) or steps (c)-(i), using one or more characteristics of the hybrid polyploid plants evaluated in step (i) to guide breeding of the line of step (b), selection of the candidate line of step (c), or both. In some variations, the one or more characteristics include heterotic performance of three or more haplotypes of the polyploid hybrid plants evaluated in step (i).

[0063] In some embodiments of the breeding method, the set of lines in step (a) is obtained from one or more of natural diversity, an existing breeding program, or double haploid induction of a polyploid line. In certain embodiments of the breeding method, step (a) further comprises organizing the set of lines into three or more heterotic groups, wherein each heterotic group comprises haplotypes, and wherein the haplotypes are grouped based on observed or predicted heterotic performance when combined in a heteroploid plant of step (h). In one variation, step (a) comprises organizing the set of lines into four or more heterotic groups. In certain embodiments, the heterotic performance is predicted by genomic prediction modeling. In some embodiments of the breeding method, step (b) comprises reciprocal recurrent selection, inbreeding one or more plant lines to homozygosity, producing a doubled haploid line (e.g., a doubled monoploid line), backcrossing, or any other method known in the art for creating a plant line with high homozygosity, or a combination thereof. The candidate lines of step (c) can be inbred lines, hybrid lines, or a combination thereof.

[0064] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of producing a population of polyploid seeds, the method comprising: (a) selecting three or more haplotypes based on a polyploid plant comprising the three or more haplotypes having one or more desired characteristics using the breeding method described herein; (b) providing a clonal gamete from a parental MiMe plant; (c) providing a haploid (e.g., monoploid) gamete from a homozygous parental non-MiMe plant; (d) crossing the clonal gamete with the haploid (e.g., monoploid) gamete to produce the population of polyploid seeds; wherein the parental MiMe plant and the homozygous parental non-MiMe plant together comprise the three or more haplotypes selected in step (a), wherein the crossing of step (d) produces a population of polyploid seeds comprising the three or more haplotypes selected in step (a), and wherein at least 50% of the population of polyploid seeds are genetically identical and comprise the three or more haplotypes. The polyploid seeds produced by the method can be, for example, triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid, hexaploid, heptaploid, or octoploid. In some embodiments, at least 70%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% of the population of polyploid seeds produced by the method are genetically identical. In certain embodiments, the polyploid seeds produced by the method comprise four or more haplotypes of the same or related plant species. In some variations of the method, the lines of plants are maintained by vegetative reproduction, selfing, apomixis, cell culture, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the method further comprises maintaining a stock of plant lines from which haplotypes can be selected for rapid deterministic stacking of haplotypes. In some variations, the stock of lines comprises one or more plant lines having a full MiMe genotype maintained by vegetative reproduction, crossing with a haploid inducer, or a combination thereof. In further variations, the stock of lines comprises one or more plant lines having a partial MiMe genotype.

[0065] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of breeding a polyploid plant, the method comprising (a) obtaining a set of lines of a plant; (b) breeding the lines using traditional plant breeding methods to produce a set of candidate lines of the plant; (c) selecting one or more candidate lines; (d) generating a first parent MiMe plant from one of the candidate lines, wherein the first parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, and only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component; (e) generating a second parent MiMe plant from one of the candidate lines, wherein the second parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at the first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, and only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component, wherein at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the first parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the second parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles; (f) providing a clone gamete from each of the parent MiMe plants; (g) crossing the clone gametes to produce a polyploid seed; (h) growing the polyploid seed to produce a polyploid plant; and (i) evaluating one or more characteristics of the polyploid plant. In some embodiments, at least one of the MiMe loci of the third MiMe component of the first parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the third MiMe component of the second parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles. In other embodiments, one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component of the first parent MiMe plant that have only MiMe alleles are different from one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component of the second parent MiMe plant that have only MiMe alleles.In certain embodiments, the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component that promotes sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component that promotes DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component that promotes progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component.

[0066] In some embodiments of the breeding method, the first MiMe component is a component that is involved in sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis. In some variations of the breeding method, the MiMe locus of the first MiMe component of both the first parental MiMe plant and the second parental MiMe plant comprises REC8. In certain embodiments of the breeding method, the second MiMe component is a component that is involved in DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination. In some variations of the breeding method, the first MiMe locus and the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component comprise PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In one variation of the breeding method, the first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component is PAIR1 and the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component is SPO11-1. In other embodiments of the breeding method, the third MiMe component is a component that progresses through the second division of meiosis. In some embodiments of the breeding method, at least one of the MiMe loci with only MiMe alleles of the third MiMe component of the first parental MiMe plant is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci with only MiMe alleles of the third MiMe component of the second parental MiMe plant. In some variations, the MiMe loci with only MiMe alleles of the component that progresses through the second division of meiosis comprise OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof. In one variation, the MiMe locus with only MiMe alleles of the third MiMe component is OSD1. In other embodiments of the breeding method, one or more MiMe loci with only MiMe alleles of the third MiMe component of the first parental MiMe plant is different from one or more MiMe loci with only MiMe alleles of the third MiMe component of the second parental MiMe plant. In some variations, the MiMe loci with only MiMe alleles of the third MiMe component comprise OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof. In one variation of the breeding method, the MiMe locus with only MiMe alleles of the first MiMe component comprises REC8, the first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component is PAIR1, the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component is SPO11-1, and the one or more MiMe loci with only MiMe alleles of the third MiMe component comprise OSD1.

[0067] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of producing a population of polyploid seeds, the method comprising (a) providing clonal gametes from a pair of parental MiMe plants that together comprise two or more haplotypes that are selected based on a polyploid plant comprising the two or more haplotypes having one or more desired characteristics using the aforementioned breeding method, wherein: (i) a first parental MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, and only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component; (ii) a second parental MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at the first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, and only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component; and (iii) at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the first parental MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the second parental MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles; and (b) crossing the clonal gametes to produce the population of polyploid seeds, wherein at least 50% of the population of polyploid seeds are genetically identical and comprise two or more haplotypes. In some embodiments, at least one of the MiMe loci of the third MiMe component of the first parental MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the third MiMe component of the second parental MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles. In other embodiments, one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component of the first parental MiMe plant that have only MiMe alleles are different from one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component of the second parental MiMe plant that have only MiMe alleles.

[0068] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of breeding a polyploid plant, the method comprising (a) obtaining a set of lines of a plant; (b) breeding the lines using traditional plant breeding methods to produce a set of candidate lines of the plant; (c) selecting one or more candidate lines; (d) generating a first parent MiMe plant from one of the candidate lines, wherein the first parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, and only non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component; (e) generating a second parent MiMe plant from one of the candidate lines, wherein the second parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, and only MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, and at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the first parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the second parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles; (f) providing clonal gametes from each of the parent MiMe plants; (g) crossing the clonal gametes to produce a polyploid seed; (h) growing the polyploid seed to produce a polyploid plant; and (i) evaluating one or more characteristics of the polyploid plant. In some embodiments of the breeding method, the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component of a DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component.

[0069] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of producing a population of polyploid seeds, the method comprising (a) providing clonal gametes from a pair of parental MiMe plants that together comprise two or more haplotypes that are selected based on a polyploid plant comprising the two or more haplotypes having one or more desired characteristics using the aforementioned breeding method, wherein: (i) a first parental MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, and only non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component; (ii) a second parental MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, and only MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component; and (iii) at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the first parental MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the second parental MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles; and (b) crossing the clonal gametes to produce the population of polyploid seeds, wherein at least 50% of the population of polyploid seeds are genetically identical and comprise two or more haplotypes.

[0070] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of breeding a polyploid plant, the method comprising (a) obtaining a set of lines of a plant; (b) breeding the lines using traditional plant breeding methods to produce a set of candidate lines of the plant; (c) selecting one or more candidate lines; (d) generating a first parent MiMe plant from one of the candidate lines, wherein the first parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a second MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component, and only non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a fourth MiMe component; (e) generating a second parent MiMe plant from one of the candidate lines, wherein the second parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the second MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component, and only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the fourth MiMe component, and at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the first parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the second parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles; (f) providing a clone gamete from each of the parent MiMe plants; (g) crossing the clone gametes to produce a polyploid seed; (h) growing the polyploid seed to produce a polyploid plant; and (i) evaluating one or more characteristics of the polyploid plant. In some embodiments of the breeding method, the second MiMe component, the third MiMe component, and the fourth MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component that adheres sister chromatids during the first division of meiosis, (3) a component that progresses through the second division of meiosis, and (4) a component that progresses through the first division of meiosis, and each of the second MiMe component, the third MiMe component, and the fourth MiMe component is a different MiMe component.

[0071] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of producing a population of polyploid seeds, the method comprising (a) providing clonal gametes from a pair of parental MiMe plants that together comprise two or more haplotypes that are selected based on a polyploid plant comprising the two or more haplotypes having one or more desired trait using the aforementioned breeding method, wherein: (i) a first parental MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, and only non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component; (ii) a second parental MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, and only MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component; and (iii) at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the first parental MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the second parental MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles; and (b) crossing the clonal gametes to produce the population of polyploid seeds, wherein at least 50% of the population of polyploid seeds are genetically identical and comprise two or more haplotypes.

[0072] In some embodiments of the aforementioned breeding method, steps (d) and (e) comprise introducing a full MiMe genotype directly into two candidate lines to produce two parental MiMe plants. In other embodiments of the aforementioned breeding method, steps (d) and (e) comprise introducing a partial MiMe genotype into two candidate lines to produce two ancestral non-MiMe plants each having a partial MiMe genotype, crossing the ancestral non-MiMe plants each having a partial MiMe genotype to produce a first parental MiMe plant, and introducing a full MiMe genotype directly into a third candidate line to produce a second parental MiMe plant. In yet other embodiments of the aforementioned breeding method, steps (d) and (e) comprise introducing a partial MiMe genotype into four candidate lines to produce four ancestral non-MiMe plants each having a partial MiMe genotype, and crossing the ancestral non-MiMe plants each having a partial MiMe genotype in pairs to produce two parental MiMe plants. In certain embodiments of the aforementioned breeding method, steps (d) and (e) further comprise propagating the parental MiMe plants to scale production of homogenous seeds.

[0073] In some embodiments of the foregoing breeding method, the method further comprises (j) repeating steps (b)-(i) or steps (c)-(i), using one or more characteristics of the polyploid plant evaluated in step (i) to guide the breeding of the line of step (b), the selection of the candidate line of step (c), or both. In certain embodiments of the foregoing breeding method, the one or more characteristics comprise heterotic performance of two, three, four, or more haplotypes of the polyploid plant evaluated in step (i). In some embodiments of the foregoing breeding method, the set of lines in step (a) is obtained from one or more of: natural diversity, an existing breeding program, or a dihaploid induction of a polyploid line. In certain embodiments of the foregoing breeding method, step (a) further comprises grouping the set of lines into two, three, four, or more heterotic groups, wherein each heterotic group comprises haplotypes, and wherein the haplotypes are grouped based on observed or predicted heterotic performance when combined in the polyploid plant of step (i). In some variations, the heterotic performance is predicted by genomic prediction modeling. In some embodiments of the foregoing breeding method, step (b) comprises reciprocal recurrent selection, inbreeding one or more plant lines to homozygosity, producing a doubled haploid line (e.g., a doubled monoploid line), backcrossing, or any other method known in the art for creating a plant line with a high degree of homozygosity, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments of the foregoing breeding method, the one or more candidate lines of step (c) are inbred lines. In other embodiments of the foregoing breeding method, the one or more candidate lines of step (c) are hybrid lines.

[0074] In some embodiments of any of the foregoing breeding methods, the first parent MiMe plant and the second parent MiMe plant together comprise two, three, four, or more haplotypes, resulting in a polyploid plant comprising two, three, four, or more haplotypes. In some embodiments of the foregoing breeding methods, the lines of plants are maintained by vegetative propagation, selfing, apomixis, cell culture, or any combination thereof. In other embodiments of the foregoing methods, the method further comprises maintaining a stock of plant lines from which haplotypes can be selected for rapid definitive stacking of haplotypes. In some variations, the stock of lines comprises one or more plant lines having a full MiMe genotype maintained by vegetative propagation, crossing with a haploid inducer, or a combination thereof. In further variations, the stock of lines comprises one or more plant lines having a partial MiMe genotype.

[0075] In some embodiments of any of the foregoing aspects and embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci of components that synapse sister chromatids during the first division of meiosis comprise REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments of any of the foregoing aspects and embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci of components that DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination comprise PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments of any of the foregoing aspects and embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci of components that progress through the second division of meiosis comprise OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments of any of the foregoing aspects and embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci of components that progress through the first division of meiosis comprise PS1, JASON, or a combination thereof.

[0076] In some embodiments of any of the foregoing aspects and embodiments, the MiMe alleles comprise naturally occurring, introduced via genetic modification, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments of the foregoing aspects and embodiments, the MiMe alleles comprise one or more genetic modifications. In other embodiments of the foregoing aspects and embodiments, the one or more genetic modifications are located at the MiMe locus encoding the gene product of the MiMe component. In some variations, the genetic modification comprises modification of an enhancer in the MiMe locus, modification of the promoter of the MiMe locus, modification of a coding region in the MiMe locus, modification of the methylation status of the MiMe locus, expression of a repressor protein targeting DNA or mRNA of the MiMe locus, and expression of an RNA interference construct targeting mRNA from the MiMe locus, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments of the foregoing aspects and embodiments, the one or more genetic modifications are introduced by gene editing, transgenesis, or a combination thereof. In other embodiments of the foregoing aspects and embodiments, the reduction of expression of the one or more MiMe loci is achieved by gene disruption, gene knockout, gene knockdown, gene silencing, RNA interference, induction of methylation, or any combination thereof.

[0077] In any of the foregoing aspects and embodiments, the polyploid seed population can be, for example, triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid, hexaploid, heptaploid, or octoploid. In some embodiments of the foregoing aspects and embodiments, at least 50%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% of the polyploid seed population is genetically uniform. In some embodiments of the foregoing aspects and embodiments, the polyploid seed population comprises a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 50%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% of the total number of seeds. In certain embodiments of the foregoing aspects and embodiments, the polyploid seeds (e.g., the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds) comprise two, three, four, or more haplotypes of the same or related plant species. In some embodiments of the foregoing aspects and embodiments, germination of the seeds of the polyploid seed population or the seeds of the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds results in plants that produce non-viable gametes, seedless fruits, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, germination of the seeds of the polyploid seed population or the seeds of the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds results in seedless plants. In certain embodiments of the foregoing aspects and embodiments, the polyploid seeds are from a parthenocarpic plant. In any of the foregoing aspects and embodiments, the polyploid seed population can be from any plant species, including but not limited to potato, corn, banana, blueberry, blackberry, watermelon, melon, tomato, lycianthes, pepper, eggplant, grape, orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, cucumber, zucchini, gourd, squash, apple, pear, kiwi, pomegranate, mango, guava, papaya, avocado, stone fruit, date, fig, alfalfa, tobacco, cotton, clover, strawberry, currant, gooseberry, boysenberry, raspberry, artichoke, beet, potato, sweet potato, plantain, ahipa, maca, nashua, mauka, potato oca, potato bean, yacon, yam, radish, horseradish, turnip, cow parsley, rutabaga, corn, onion, green onion, leek, shallot, peanut, asparagus, sugarcane, cassava, brussels sprouts, cabbage, kale, collard, lettuce, mizuna, spinach, bok choy, rosemary, okra, fir, maple, apricot, plantain, birch, cedar, cherry, Clementine, eucalyptus, ground cherry, hops, kudzu, Russian dandelion, navel orange, sorghum, tangerine and citrus, teff, hemlock tree, turf grass, kohlrabi, broccoli, and cauliflower.

[0078] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell. In some embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell comprises: i) three or more haplotypes; and ii) a full MiMe genotype comprising one or more MiMe alleles that confer reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci for each of a first, second, and third MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component of sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component of progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In other embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell comprises: i) three or more haplotypes; and ii) a partial MiMe genotype comprising: (a) one or more MiMe alleles that confer reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci for each of a first, second, and third MiMe component; and (b) one or more non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci for each of the first, second, and third MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component of sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component of progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In some variations of the foregoing embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci for a component of sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis comprise REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof. In further variations of the foregoing embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci for a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination comprise PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In yet further variations of the foregoing embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci for a component of progression through the second division of meiosis comprise OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof.

[0079] In some embodiments of the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell, the present disclosure provides a genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell comprising: i) three or more haplotypes; and ii) a partial MiMe genotype comprising: (a) one or more MiMe alleles conferring reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci of each of a first and a second MiMe component; and (b) one or more non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of each of the first and second MiMe components, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In other embodiments of this aspect, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell comprises: i) three or more haplotypes; and ii) a partial MiMe genotype comprising: (a) one or more MiMe alleles conferring reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci of each of a first and a second MiMe component; and (b) one or more non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of each of the first and second MiMe components, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In some variations of the foregoing embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci of a component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination include PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In further variations of the foregoing embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci of a component of progression through the first division of meiosis include PS1, JASON, or a combination thereof.

[0080] In some embodiments of the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell comprises: (i) at least a first and a second haplotype, each of the at least first and second haplotypes comprising one or more MiMe alleles that confer reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first, second, and third MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component of sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component of progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component; and (ii) at least a third haplotype comprising (a) a MiMe allele that confers reduced expression of a MiMe locus of a component that progresses through the first division of meiosis, or (b) a MiMe allele that confers reduced expression of a MiMe locus of a component that progresses through the second division of meiosis. In some variations of the foregoing embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci of a component of sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis comprise REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof. In further variations of the foregoing embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci of a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination comprise PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In still further variations of the foregoing embodiments, the MiMe locus of a component of progression through the first division of meiosis of the third haplotype is PS1 or JASON. In yet further variations of the foregoing embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci of a component of progression through the second division of meiosis of the first and second haplotypes comprise OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof. In still further variations of the foregoing embodiments, the locus of a component of progression through the second division of meiosis of the third haplotype is OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, or FC.

[0081] In some embodiments of the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell comprises: (i) at least a first and a second haplotype, each comprising one or more MiMe alleles that confer reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first and a second MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component; and (ii) at least a third haplotype comprising (a) a MiMe allele that confers reduced expression of a MiMe locus of a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, or (b) a MiMe allele that confers reduced expression of a MiMe locus of a component of progression through the second division of meiosis. In some variations of the foregoing embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci of a component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination comprise PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In further variations of the foregoing embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci of a component of progression through the first division of meiosis of the first and second haplotypes comprise PS1, JASON, or a combination thereof. In still further variations of the foregoing embodiments, the MiMe locus of a component of progression through the first division of meiosis of the third haplotype is PS1 or JASON. In yet further variations of the foregoing embodiments, the MiMe locus of a component of progression through the second division of meiosis of the third haplotype is OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, or FC.

[0082] In some embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell has a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1.

[0083] In some embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell has a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

[0084] In some embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell has a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

[0085] In some embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell has a full MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1. In some embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell has a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1.

[0086] In some embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell has a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

[0087] In some embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell has a full MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1. In some embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell has a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1.

[0088] In some embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell has a full MiMe genotype comprising (i) an os allele, wherein the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell is homozygous for the os allele, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1. In some embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell has a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) an os allele, wherein the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell is heterozygous for the os allele, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

[0089] In some embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell has a full MiMe genotype comprising (i) a ps allele, wherein the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell is homozygous for the ps allele, and (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1. In some embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell has a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) a ps allele, wherein the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell is heterozygous for the ps allele, and (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

[0090] In some aspects, provided herein is a genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell having a partially complementary MiMe genotype. In some embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell has a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising: (a) only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component; (b) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, and one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component; and (c) (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component, or (ii) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of the third MiMe component, and one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the third MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component that is sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component that is DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component that is progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In some embodiments, the first MiMe component is a component that is sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis. In some variations, the one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component comprise REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof. In one variation, the MiMe locus of the first MiMe component is REC8. In certain embodiments, the second MiMe component is a component that is DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination. In some variations, the first MiMe locus and the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component comprise PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In one variation, the first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component is PAIR1, and the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component is SPO11-1. In other embodiments, the third MiMe component is a component that is progression through the second division of meiosis. In some embodiments, the partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component.In some variations, the one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component comprise OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof. In one variation, the MiMe locus of the third MiMe component is OSD1. In other embodiments, the partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of the third MiMe component, and one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the third MiMe component. In some variations, the first and second MiMe loci of the third MiMe component comprise OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component, wherein the one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component having only MiMe alleles comprise REC8, the first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component is PAIR1, the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component is SPO11-1, and the one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component having only MiMe alleles comprise OSD1.

[0091] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell having a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising: (a) only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component; and (b) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, and one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) components of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination, and (4) components of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In some variations of the foregoing embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci of components of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination comprise PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In further variations of the foregoing embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci of components of progression through the first division of meiosis comprise PS1, JASON, or a combination thereof.

[0092] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell having a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising: (a) only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component is a component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination; (b) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a second MiMe component; (c) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component; and (d) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a fourth MiMe component, wherein the second MiMe component, the third MiMe component, and the fourth MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component of sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis, (3) a component of progression through the second division of meiosis, and (4) a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the second MiMe component, the third MiMe component, and the fourth MiMe component is a different MiMe component. In some variations of the foregoing embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci of the component of DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination comprises PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof. In further variations of the foregoing embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci of the component of sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis comprises REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof. In still further variations of the foregoing embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci of the component of progression through the second division of meiosis comprises OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof. In yet further variations of the foregoing embodiments, the one or more MiMe loci of the component of progression through the first division of meiosis comprises PS1, JASON, or a combination thereof.

[0093] In some embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell has a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1, and (iv) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the SPO11-1 locus comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

[0094] In some embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell has a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1, and (iv) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the SPO11-1 locus comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

[0095] In some embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell has a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1, and (iv) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

[0096] In some embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell has a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) a ps allele, wherein the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell is heterozygous for the ps allele, (ii) an os allele, wherein the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell is heterozygous for the os allele, (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iv) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

[0097] In some embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell has a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) an os allele, wherein the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell is heterozygous for the os allele, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iv) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

[0098] In some embodiments of the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell, which can be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell is diploid, triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid, hexaploid, heptaploid, or octaploid. In further embodiments, which can be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell comprises two, three, four, or more haplotypes of the same or related plant species. In yet further embodiments, which can be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell is from a plant selected from the group consisting of potato, corn, banana, blueberry, blackberry, watermelon, melon, tomato, lycium, pepper, eggplant, grape, orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, cucumber, zucchini, gourd, squash, apple, pear, kiwi, pomegranate, mango, guava, papaya, avocado, stone fruit, date, fig, alfalfa, tobacco, cotton, clover, strawberry, currant, gooseberry, boysenberry, raspberry, artichoke, beet, potato, sweet potato, plantain, ahipa, maca, nashua, mauka, potato oca, potato bean, yacon, yam, radish, horseradish, turnip, cow parsley, rutabaga, yucca, onion, green onion, leek, shallot, peanut, asparagus, sugarcane, cassava, brussels sprouts, cabbage, kale, collard, lettuce, rhubarb, spinach, bok choy, okra, cashew, pineapple, celery, oat, birch, rapeseed, mustard, tea, safflower seed, cedar, quinoa, chickpea, citron, Clementine, orange, and tangerine, Clementine, coffee, cola nut, hazelnut, saffron, melon and cantaloupe, carrot, oil palm, teff, one sunflower, ironwood, rubber tree, kenaf, barley, hops, walnut, larch, lentil, flax, ryegrass, maple, bamboo, rosemary, olive, rice, millet, green bean, snap bean, ground cherry, pine, pistachio, pea, turf grass, poplar, apricot, plum and prune, almond, nectarine, peach, cherry, rose, raspberry, rye, sesame, sorghum, spruce, switchgrass, Russian dandelion, cacao, durum wheat, emmer, wheat, fava bean, cowpea, ginger, plantain, kohlrabi, broccoli, and cauliflower. In some embodiments, which can be combined with the preceding embodiments, the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell is from a parthenocarpic plant. In certain embodiments, which can be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the genetically modified plant part is a non-regenerable plant part. In certain embodiments, which can be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the genetically modified plant cell is a non-regenerable plant cell.In certain embodiments, which can be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the plant part is a flower, pistil, leaf, stem, petiole, cutting, tissue, seed coat, ovule, pollen, tuber, root, rootstock, scion, fruit, cotyledon, hypocotyl, protoplast, embryo, anther, or a portion thereof. In one variation of the preceding embodiments, the genetically modified plant part is a seedless fruit.

[0099] In another aspect, provided herein is a processed plant product derived from the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the processed plant product comprises a detectable amount of one or more MiMe alleles of the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell. In some embodiments, the product is selected from the group consisting of a plant biomass, oil, meal, edible starch, sugar syrup, animal feed, flour, flake, bran, linter, hull, processed seed, puree, juice, concentrated juice, pulp, pomace, preserve, and paste. In certain embodiments, the processed plant product is non-renewable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0100] The present application can be understood with reference to the following description in conjunction with the attached drawings.

[0101] Figure 1 Phylogenetic tree depicting REC8 protein sequences from dicot plants.

[0102] Figure 2 Phylogenetic tree depicting REC8 protein sequences from monocot plants.

[0103] Figure 3 Phylogenetic tree depicting SPO11-1 protein sequences from dicot plants.

[0104] Figure 4 Phylogenetic tree depicting SPO11-1 protein sequences from monocot plants.

[0105] Figure 5 Phylogenetic tree depicting PAIR1 protein sequences from dicot plants.

[0106] Figure 6 Phylogenetic tree depicting PAIR1 protein sequences from monocot plants.

[0107] Figure 7 Phylogenetic tree depicting OSD1 protein sequences from dicot plants.

[0108] Figure 8 Phylogenetic tree depicting OSD1 protein sequences from monocot plants.

[0109] Figure 9Plasmid map depicting pLDB3 used to introduce MiMe gene editing in maize.

[0110] Figure 10 Plasmid map depicting pLDB11B used to introduce MiMe gene editing in maize.

[0111] Figure 11 Plasmid map depicting pLDB12B used to introduce MiMe gene editing in maize.

[0112] Figure 12 Plasmid map depicting pMEM4 used to introduce MiMe gene editing in maize.

[0113] Figure 13 Plasmid map depicting pMEM6b used to introduce MiMe gene editing in maize.

[0114] Figure 14 Plasmid map depicting pOGZ2 used to introduce MiMe gene editing in maize.

[0115] Figure 15 Plasmid map depicting pOGZ4 used to introduce MiMe gene editing in maize.

[0116] Figure 16 An embodiment is shown in which homozygous gene editing occurs in the parental stage.

[0117] Figure 17 An embodiment is shown in which the grandparent is an inbred line and homozygous gene editing occurs in the parental stage.

[0118] Figure 18 An embodiment is shown in which heterozygous gene editing occurs in the grandparent stage.

[0119] Figure 19 An embodiment is shown in which the grandparent is an inbred line and heterozygous gene editing occurs in the grandparent stage.

[0120] Figure 20 An embodiment is shown in which the MiMe locus is propagated in the grandparent stage.

[0121] Figure 21 An embodiment is shown in which the grandparent is an inbred line and the MiMe locus is propagated in the grandparent stage.

[0122] Figure 22 An embodiment is shown in which the MiMe locus is propagated in the great-grandparent stage.

[0123] Figure 23Embodiments are shown in which unilateral editing leads to sexual tetraploidization.

[0124] Figures 24A-24C Embodiments are shown in which sterility of the polyploid hybrid seed is induced by complementation of one of the MiMe loci. Figure 24A Embodiments are shown in which plants with a first exemplary partially complementary MiMe genotype are generated, in which the MiMe loci are propagated in parental stages, and each parent has a different set of edited MiMe loci. Figure 24B Embodiments are shown in which plants with a second exemplary partially complementary MiMe genotype are generated, in which the MiMe loci are propagated in parental stages, and each parent has a different set of edited MiMe loci. Figure 24C Embodiments are shown in which plants with a third exemplary partially complementary MiMe genotype are generated, in which the MiMe loci are propagated in parental stages, and each parent has a different set of edited MiMe loci.

[0125] Figures 25A-25B Screening results are shown for guide RNAs screened against edits in potato. Figure 25A Screening results are shown in which editing efficiency is shown as the proportion (vertical axis in percent) edited within a range of selected protospacers (horizontal axis) in four different genes (horizontal axis, grey boxes). From left to right, listed are the potato orthologs of OSD1 (“StOsd1”), PAIR1 (“StPair1”), REC8 (“StRec8”), and SPO11-1 (“StSpo11-1”). Figure 25B Further results of the screening as in Figure 25A differ only in that the gene shown is the potato ortholog of CYCA1 (“StCyca1”).

[0126] Figures 26A-26F Editing of the MiMe alleles and disruption of the MiMe components caused in edited potato lines are shown. Figure 26A A truncated, inactivated protein resulting from insertion of a premature stop codon in an edited rec8 allele is shown. Figure 26B A truncated, inactivated protein resulting from insertion of a premature stop codon in an edited cyca1 allele is shown. Figure 26C A truncated, inactivated protein resulting from insertion of a premature stop codon in an edited spo11-1 allele is shown. Figure 26D An alignment of edited “scar” nucleotide sequences of edited rec8 alleles is shown (bottom part continues from top part). Figure 26EAlignment of edited "scar" nucleotide sequences for edited cyca1 alleles (bottom portion continues from top portion). Figure 26F Alignment of edited "scar" nucleotide sequences for edited spo11-1 alleles (bottom portion continues from top portion).

[0127] Figure 27A Summary of genotyping results at 52 tri-allelic markers in the 19 progeny that make up the enhanced potato population 1 (BPP1). The vertical axis corresponds to the individual tetraploid progeny as well as the two diploid parent plants for reference. The horizontal axis corresponds to the individual tri-allelic markers distributed across the 12 individual chromosomes. When referring to the axes, vertical and horizontal are in reference to the legend text of their respective figure. The color of each cell represents the specific configuration of haplotypes observed at that marker (where A = M18, B = DM, and C = M6). Samples with markers of "AABC" have three haplotypes. Parental genotypes are shown along the top row.

[0128] Figure 27B Summary of genotyping results at 60 tetra-allelic markers in the 19 progeny that make up the enhanced potato population 2 (BPP2). The vertical axis corresponds to the individual tetraploid progeny as well as the two diploid parent plants for reference. The horizontal axis corresponds to the individual tetra-allelic markers distributed across the 12 individual chromosomes. When referring to the axes, vertical and horizontal are in reference to the legend text of their respective figure. The color of each cell represents the specific configuration of haplotypes observed at that marker (where A = DM, B = M6, and C = Atlantic haplotype 1, and D = Atlantic haplotype 2). Samples with markers of "ABCD" have four haplotypes. Parental genotypes are shown along the top row.

[0129] Figure 27C Summary of genotyping results at 50 tri-allelic markers in the 10 progeny that make up the enhanced potato population 3 (BPP3). The vertical axis corresponds to the individual tetraploid progeny as well as the two diploid parent plants for reference. The horizontal axis corresponds to the individual tri-allelic markers distributed across the 12 individual chromosomes. When referring to the axes, vertical and horizontal are in reference to the legend text of their respective figure. The color of each cell represents the specific configuration of haplotypes observed at that marker (where A = M18, B = DM, and C = M6). Samples with markers of "ABBC" have three haplotypes. Parental genotypes are shown along the top row.

[0130] Figure 27DSummary of genotyping results at 60 tetra-allelic markers in the 12 progeny that make up the enhanced potato population 4 (BPP4). The vertical axis corresponds to the individual tetraploid progeny as well as the two diploid parent plants for reference. The horizontal axis corresponds to the individual tetra-allelic markers distributed across the 12 individual chromosomes. When referring to the axes, vertical and horizontal are in reference to the legend text of their respective figure. The color of each cell represents the specific configuration of haplotypes observed at that marker (where A = DM, B = M6, and C = Atlantic haplotype 1, and D = Atlantic haplotype 2). Samples with a marker of "ABCD" have four haplotypes. Parental genotypes are shown along the top row.

[0131] Figure 27E Summary of genotyping results at 60 tetra-allelic markers in the 8 progeny that make up the enhanced potato population 5 (BPP5) is shown. The vertical axis corresponds to the individual tetraploid progeny as well as the two diploid parent plants for reference. The horizontal axis corresponds to the individual tetra-allelic markers distributed across the 12 individual chromosomes. When referring to the axes, vertical and horizontal are in reference to the legend text of their respective figure. The color of each cell represents the specific configuration of haplotypes observed at that marker (where A = DM, B = M6, and C = Atlantic haplotype 1, and D = Atlantic haplotype 2). Samples with a marker of "ABCD" have four haplotypes. Parental genotypes are shown along the top row.

[0132] Figure 28A A photograph of a BPP1 potato plant ("BPP1 (enhanced)"), its progenitor plants ("Progenitor non-MiMe (PED-PR-AA)" and "Progenitor non-MiMe (PED-PR-BB)"), its parent plants ("Parent non-MiMe (PED-PR-CC-o)" and "Parent MiMe (PED-PR-AB-sp)"), and an elite commercial tetraploid at 12 days after planting is shown. Figure 28B A photograph of a BPP1 potato plant ("BPP1 (enhanced)"), its progenitor plants ("Progenitor non-MiMe (PED-PR-AA)" and "Progenitor non-MiMe (PED-PR-BB)"), its parent plants ("Parent non-MiMe (PED-PR-CC-o)" and "Parent MiMe (PED-PR-AB-sp)"), and an elite commercial tetraploid at 12 days after planting is shown. Figure 28A Measurements of leaf surface area visible in photographs in FIGS. 12A-12D are compared using ImageJ software to the aerial surface area (cm2) of each plant in FIGS. 13A-13D. Figure 28A 2 ) of each plant in FIGS. 13A-13D.

[0133] Figure 28C ​A photograph showing one BPP1 potato plant ("BPP1 (enhanced)"), its progenitor plants ("Progenitor non-MiMe (PED-PR-AA)" and "Progenitor non-MiMe (PED-PR-BB)"), its parent plants ("Parent non-MiMe (PED-PR-CC-o)" and "Parent MiMe (PED-PR-AB-sp)"), and a superior commercial tetraploid at 12 days after planting. Figure 28D A photograph showing Figure 28C The measured values of leaf surface area visible in Figure 28C were compared using ImageJ software to calculate the aboveground surface area (cm 2 ) of each plant from the photographs in

[0134] Figure 28E A photograph showing one BPP1 potato plant ("BPP1 (enhanced)"), its progenitor plants ("Progenitor non-MiMe (PED-PR-AA)" and "Progenitor non-MiMe (PED-PR-BB)"), its parent plants ("Parent non-MiMe (PED-PR-CC-o)" and "Parent MiMe (PED-PR-AB-sp)"), and a superior commercial tetraploid at 19 days after planting. Figure 28F A photograph showing Figure 28E The measured values of leaf surface area visible in Figure 28E were compared using ImageJ software to calculate the aboveground surface area (cm 2 ) of each plant from the photographs in

[0135] Figure 28G A photograph showing one BPP1 potato plant ("BPP1 (enhanced)"), its progenitor plants ("Progenitor non-MiMe (PED-PR-AA)" and "Progenitor non-MiMe (PED-PR-BB)"), its parent plants ("Parent non-MiMe (PED-PR-CC-o)" and "Parent MiMe (PED-PR-AB-sp)"), and a superior commercial tetraploid at 26 days after planting. Figure 28H A photograph showing Figure 28G The measured values of leaf surface area visible in Figure 28G were compared using ImageJ software to calculate the aboveground surface area (cm 2 ) of each plant from the photographs in

[0136] Figure 28IShown are photographs of six BPP1 potato plants (right, "BPP1") resulting from a cross between a parental non-MiMe plant (PED-PR-CC-o) and a parental MiMe plant (PED-PR-AB-sp), compared to six SPP2 potato plants (left, "SPP2") resulting from a cross between two parental non-MiMe plants (PED-PR-CC-o and PED-PR-AB). All plants were 16 days after planting. Figure 28J Show Figure 28I The visible leaf surface area measurements were compared using ImageJ software from Figure 28I The aboveground surface area of ​​each plant in the photo (cm 2 The mean and standard deviation of the aboveground surface area of ​​each plant population are indicated by cross marks and error bars, respectively.

[0137] Figure 28K Shown are photographs of six BPP1 potato plants (right, "BPP1") resulting from a cross between a parental non-MiMe plant (PED-PR-CC-o) and a parental MiMe plant (PED-PR-AB-sp), compared to six SPP2 potato plants (left, "SPP2") resulting from a cross between two parental non-MiMe plants (PED-PR-CC-o and PED-PR-AB). All plants were 23 days after planting. Figure 28L Show Figure 28K The visible leaf surface area measurements were compared using ImageJ software from Figure 28K The aboveground surface area of ​​each plant in the photo (cm 2 The mean and standard deviation of the aboveground surface area of ​​each plant population are indicated by cross marks and error bars, respectively.

[0138] Figure 29A Photographs showing BPP2 potato plants ("BPP2 (enhanced)") adjacent to their progenitor plants ("Progenitor non-MiMe (PED-PR-AA)" and "Progenitor non-MiMe (PED-PR-BB)"), parental plants ("Parental MiMe (PED-PR-AB-sp)" and "Parental MiMe (PED-PR-EF-rso-1)"), and elite commercial tetraploids. All plants were 23 days after planting.

[0139] Figure 29BPhotos showing BPP2 potato plants ("BPP2 (enhanced)") adjacent to their progenitor plants ("Progenitor non-MiMe (PED-PR-AA)" and "Progenitor non-MiMe (PED-PR-BB)"), parental plants ("Parental MiMe (PED-PR-AB-sp)" and "Parental MiMe (PED-PR-EF-rso-l)"), and a superior commercial tetraploid. All plants were 23 days after planting.

[0140] Figure 29C Photos showing BPP2 potato plants ("BPP2 (enhanced)", 4 haplotypes) adjacent to their respective progenitor tetraploid (4n) versions ("4n version of Progenitor non-MiMe (PED-PR-AA), 1 haplotype" and "4n version of Progenitor non-MiMe (PED-PR-BB), 1 haplotype") and parental tetraploid (4n) versions ("4n version of PED-PR-AA x PED-PR-BB, 2 haplotypes" and "4n version of Atlantic double haploid, 2 haplotypes"). All plants were 23 days after planting.

[0141] Figure 29D Photos showing BPP2 potato plants ("BPP2 (enhanced)", 4 haplotypes) adjacent to their respective progenitor tetraploid (4n) versions ("4n version of Progenitor non-MiMe (PED-PR-AA), 1 haplotype" and "4n version of Progenitor non-MiMe (PED-PR-BB), 1 haplotype") and parental tetraploid (4n) versions ("4n version of PED-PR-AA x PED-PR-BB, 2 haplotypes" and "4n version of Atlantic double haploid, 2 haplotypes"). All plants were 29 days after planting.

[0142] Figure 29E Photos showing nine BPP2 potato plants (right, "BPP2 (PED-PR-EF-rso-l x PED-PR-AB-sp)") resulting from a cross between a parental MiMe plant (PED-PR-AB-sp) and a parental MiMe plant (PED-PR-EF-rso-l), compared to eight potato plants (left, "SPP1 (PED-PR-EF-o x PED-PR-AABB)") resulting from a cross between two parental non-MiMe plants (PED-PR-EF-o and PED-PR-AABB). One of the progeny plants from the non-MiMe cross failed to develop, which is why there are eight, not nine. All plants were 16 days after planting. Figure 29F Photos showing Figure 29E Measurements of leaf surface area visible in the photos above were compared using ImageJ software from Figure 29EFigure 6. Photographs of each plant in Figure 5 showing the aboveground biomass of each plant in cm2. 2 Figure 6. Photographs of each plant in Figure 5 showing the aboveground biomass of each plant in cm2.

[0143] Figure 29G Figure 7. Photographs of eight BPP2 potato plants (right, "BPP2 (PED-PR-EF-rso-1 x PED-PR-AB-sp") resulting from a cross between a parental MiMe plant (PED-PR-AB-sp) and a parental MiMe plant (PED-PR-EF-rso-1) compared to eight potato plants (left, "SPP1 (PED-PR-EF-o x PED-PR-AABB") resulting from a cross between two parental non-MiMe plants (PED-PR-EF-o and PED-PR-AABB). One of the progeny plants from the non-MiMe cross failed to develop, which is why there are only eight and not nine. All plants are 23 days after planting. Figure 29H Figure 7. Photographs of eight BPP2 potato plants (right, "BPP2 (PED-PR-EF-rso-1 x PED-PR-AB-sp") resulting from a cross between a parental MiMe plant (PED-PR-AB-sp) and a parental MiMe plant (PED-PR-EF-rso-1) compared to eight potato plants (left, "SPP1 (PED-PR-EF-o x PED-PR-AABB") resulting from a cross between two parental non-MiMe plants (PED-PR-EF-o and PED-PR-AABB). One of the progeny plants from the non-MiMe cross failed to develop, which is why there are only eight and not nine. All plants are 23 days after planting. Figure 28G Figure 7. Photographs of eight BPP2 potato plants (right, "BPP2 (PED-PR-EF-rso-1 x PED-PR-AB-sp") resulting from a cross between a parental MiMe plant (PED-PR-AB-sp) and a parental MiMe plant (PED-PR-EF-rso-1) compared to eight potato plants (left, "SPP1 (PED-PR-EF-o x PED-PR-AABB") resulting from a cross between two parental non-MiMe plants (PED-PR-EF-o and PED-PR-AABB). One of the progeny plants from the non-MiMe cross failed to develop, which is why there are only eight and not nine. All plants are 23 days after planting. Figure 29I Figure 7. Photographs of eight BPP2 potato plants (right, "BPP2 (PED-PR-EF-rso-1 x PED-PR-AB-sp") resulting from a cross between a parental MiMe plant (PED-PR-AB-sp) and a parental MiMe plant (PED-PR-EF-rso-1) compared to eight potato plants (left, "SPP1 (PED-PR-EF-o x PED-PR-AABB") resulting from a cross between two parental non-MiMe plants (PED-PR-EF-o and PED-PR-AABB). One of the progeny plants from the non-MiMe cross failed to develop, which is why there are only eight and not nine. All plants are 23 days after planting. 2 Figure 7. Photographs of eight BPP2 potato plants (right, "BPP2 (PED-PR-EF-rso-1 x PED-PR-AB-sp") resulting from a cross between a parental MiMe plant (PED-PR-AB-sp) and a parental MiMe plant (PED-PR-EF-rso-1) compared to eight potato plants (left, "SPP1 (PED-PR-EF-o x PED-PR-AABB") resulting from a cross between two parental non-MiMe plants (PED-PR-EF-o and PED-PR-AABB). One of the progeny plants from the non-MiMe cross failed to develop, which is why there are only eight and not nine. All plants are 23 days after planting.

[0144] Figures 30A-30G Figure 7. Photographs of eight BPP2 potato plants (right, "BPP2 (PED-PR-EF-rso-1 x PED-PR-AB-sp") resulting from a cross between a parental MiMe plant (PED-PR-AB-sp) and a parental MiMe plant (PED-PR-EF-rso-1) compared to eight potato plants (left, "SPP1 (PED-PR-EF-o x PED-PR-AABB") resulting from a cross between two parental non-MiMe plants (PED-PR-EF-o and PED-PR-AABB). One of the progeny plants from the non-MiMe cross failed to develop, which is why there are only eight and not nine. All plants are 23 days after planting.

[0145] Figure 30A Figure 7. Photographs of eight BPP2 potato plants (right, "BPP2 (PED-PR-EF-rso-1 x PED-PR-AB-sp") resulting from a cross between a parental MiMe plant (PED-PR-AB-sp) and a parental MiMe plant (PED-PR-EF-rso-1) compared to eight potato plants (left, "SPP1 (PED-PR-EF-o x PED-PR-AABB") resulting from a cross between two parental non-MiMe plants (PED-PR-EF-o and PED-PR-AABB). One of the progeny plants from the non-MiMe cross failed to develop, which is why there are only eight and not nine. All plants are 23 days after planting. Figure 30BA matrix showing pairwise identity as estimated by the Jaccard similarity coefficient of 64 molecular markers genotyped between 19 tetraploid potato plants in the Enhanced Potato Population 1 (BPP1). Figure 30C A matrix showing pairwise identity as estimated by the Jaccard similarity coefficient of 52 molecular markers genotyped between 19 tetraploid potato plants in the Enhanced Potato Population 2 (BPP2). Figure 30D A matrix showing pairwise identity as estimated by the Jaccard similarity coefficient of 47 molecular markers genotyped between 10 tetraploid potato plants in the Enhanced Potato Population 3 (BPP3). Figure 30E A matrix showing pairwise identity as estimated by the Jaccard similarity coefficient of 60 molecular markers genotyped between 12 tetraploid potato plants in the Enhanced Potato Population 4 (BPP4). Figure 30F A matrix showing pairwise identity as estimated by the Jaccard similarity coefficient of 60 molecular markers genotyped between 8 tetraploid potato plants in the Enhanced Potato Population 5 (BPP5). Figure 30G A matrix showing pairwise identity as estimated by the Jaccard similarity coefficient of 56 molecular markers genotyped between 7 tetraploid potato plants in the Standard Potato Population 1 (SPP1). Figures 31A-31B A matrix showing pairwise identity as estimated by the Jaccard similarity coefficient of 52 molecular markers genotyped between 4 tetraploid potato plants in the Standard Potato Population 2 (SPP2).

[0146] Figure 31A Contrast tuber size is shown and measured for BPP1 and the crosses that generated BPP1. Figure 31B Images of tubers are shown. From left to right, shown are tubers of a first progenitor plant (“Progenitor non-MiMe PED-PR-AA (Doubled Monoploid DM1-3)”) with an average tuber weight [35.5 g]; tubers of a second progenitor plant (“Progenitor non-MiMe PED-PR-BB (Selfed M6)”) with an average tuber weight [5.2 g]; tubers of a first parent plant (“Parent MiMe (spoll-1 / ps) PED-PR-AB-sp”) with an average tuber weight [78.1 g]; tubers of a second parent plant (“Parent non-MiMe PED-PR-CC-o”) with an average tuber weight [35.3 g]; and tubers of a BPP1 plant (“Enhanced Progeny BPP1”) with an average tuber weight [161.2 g]. Figure 31A Images of tubers are shown. Figure 32 Plotted weights of tubers are shown in the graph.

[0147] Figures 33A-33BPlasmid map depicting pOGZ1 used for introducing MiMe gene edits in maize.

[0148] Figure 33A Screening results are shown for guide RNA screening for edits in maize. Figure 33B Screening results are shown, where editing efficiency is shown as the proportion of edited sequence reads (vertical axis, in percent) compared to wild type within a range of selected protospacers (horizontal axis) in four different genes (horizontal axis, grey boxes). From left to right, listed are maize orthologs of OSD1 on chromosome 2 (“ZmOsd1-chr2”), OSD1 on chromosome 5 (“ZmOsd1-chr5-l”), and OSD1 repeat on chromosome 5 (“ZmOsd1-chr5-2”), CYCA1 on chromosome 3 (“ZmTAM-chr3”), and CYCA1 on chromosome 8 (“ZmTAM-chr8”). Figure 33A Further results of screening are shown as in Figures 34A-34F Further results of screening are shown as in

[0149] Figure 34A Editing of the MiMe alleles and disruption of the MiMe components caused in edited maize lines are shown. Figure 34B Deletion of four conserved amino acids in the REC8 protein due to the edited rec8 allele is shown. Figure 34C Truncated, inactivated OSD1 protein resulting from frameshift edits that lead to a premature stop codon in the edited osd1 allele is shown. Figure 34D Truncated, inactivated SPO11-1 protein resulting from frameshift edits that lead to a premature stop codon in the edited spo11-1 allele is shown. Figure 34E Alignment of edited “scar” nucleotide sequences of the edited rec8 allele is shown (bottom portion continues from top portion). Figure 34F Alignment of edited “scar” nucleotide sequences of the edited osd1 allele is shown (bottom portion continues from top portion). Figure 35 Alignment of edited “scar” nucleotide sequences of the edited spo11-1 allele is shown (bottom portion continues from top portion).

[0150] Figure 36AThe expected pairwise identity (or percentage of alleles shared as estimated by the Jaccard similarity coefficient between the genotypes of the randomly selected individuals) is shown for individuals randomly selected in each population (SAP - Standard Arabidopsis Population, SPP1 - Standard Potato Population 1, SPP2 - Standard Potato Population 2, BAP1 - Boosted Arabidopsis Population 1, BMP - Boosted Maize Population, BPP1 - Boosted Potato Population 1, BPP2 - Boosted Potato Population 2, BPP3 - Boosted Potato Population 3, BPP4 - Boosted Potato Population 4, BPP5 - Boosted Potato Population 5). The diamonds represent the expected or average pairwise identity between genotyped plants in each population. The black bars are the median or second quartile. The boxes each represent the interquartile range from the first to the third quartile, and the dotted whiskers show the minimum and maximum pairwise identity between genotyped individuals in each population.

[0151] Figure 36B A matrix showing the pairwise identity as estimated by the Jaccard similarity coefficient between the genotypes of 48 tetraploid maize plants in the Boosted Maize Population (BMP) for 44 molecular markers that were genotyped.

[0152] Figures 37A-37D A summary of the genotyping results at 44 trilocus markers in the 48 offspring that make up the Boosted Maize Population (BMP) is shown. The horizontal axis corresponds to the individual tetraploid offspring as well as the two diploid parent plants for reference. The vertical axis corresponds to the individual trilocus markers distributed across 8 separate chromosomes. The color of each cell represents the specific configuration of haplotypes observed at that marker (where A = LH244, B = A188, and C = FFMM-AT6). Samples with markers that are "AABC" have three haplotypes. Marker design was limited to the genomic region where heterozygous parent SNPs exist. No markers were available on chromosome 2 or chromosome 10. Parent genotypes are shown along the leftmost row.

[0153] Figure 37A An example of a BMP individual is shown. Figure 37B A multi-row of BMP plants is shown. Figure 37A A close-up of the right side of Figure 37C is shown, displaying a close-up view of three BMP plants. Figure 37D A healthy BMP plant that is easy to produce ears is shown. Figure 37C A close-up view of the ears of a BMP plant as shown in Figure 38 is shown.

[0154] Figures 39A-39HResults of guide RNA screening for edits in A. thaliana are shown. Editing efficiency is shown as the proportion of edited sequence reads (vertical axis in percent) compared to wild type within a range of selected protospacers (horizontal axis) in four different genes (horizontal axis, grey boxes). From left to right, A. thaliana orthologs of OSD1 (“AtOsd1(Col-0)”), PAIR1 (“AtPair1(Col-0)”), REC8 (“AtRec8(Col-0)”), and SPO11-1 (“AtSpo11-1(Col-0)”) are listed. Black arrows indicate sites further explored based on guide RNA screening results.

[0155] Figure 39A Editing of the resulting MiMe alleles and disruption of MiMe components in edited A. thaliana lines is shown. Figure 39B Truncated, inactive proteins resulting from premature stop codons produced by edited osd1 alleles are shown. Figure 39C Truncated, inactive proteins resulting from premature stop codons produced by insertion of a premature stop codon in the edited spo11-1 allele are shown. Figure 39D Truncated, inactive proteins resulting from premature stop codons in one of the edited rec8 alleles, and a deletion of three conserved amino acids resulting from the other edited rec8 allele are shown. Figure 39E Alignment of edited “scar” nucleotide sequences of edited osd1 alleles targeting a first target site is shown (bottom portion continues from top portion). Figure 39F Alignment of edited “scar” nucleotide sequences of edited osd1 alleles targeting a second target site is shown (bottom portion continues from top portion). Figure 39G Alignment of edited “scar” nucleotide sequences of edited spo11-1 alleles is shown (bottom portion continues from top portion). Figure 39H Alignment of edited “scar” nucleotide sequences of edited rec8 alleles is shown. Figures 40A-40D Alignment of edited “scar” nucleotide sequences of edited pair1 alleles is shown (bottom portion continues from top portion).

[0156] Figure 40A Heatmap showing comparison of genotype distribution and measures of concordance in MiMe and control populations of A. thaliana is shown. Figure 40BA summary of the genotyping results at 58 tri-allelic markers in 99 progeny that make up the enhanced Arabidopsis population 1 (BAP1) is shown. The horizontal axis corresponds to individual tetraploid progeny and two diploid parent plants for reference. The vertical axis corresponds to individual tri-allelic markers distributed on 4 separate chromosomes. When referring to the axis, vertical and horizontal are relative to the legend text of their corresponding figures. The color of each cell represents the specific configuration of the haplotype observed at that marker (where A=Shahdara, B=Col-0, and C=HR-10). Samples with markers designated "AABC" have three haplotypes. The marker design was limited to genomic regions where heterozygous parental SNPs were present. No available markers were found on chromosome 3. Parental genotypes are shown in the two leftmost columns. Figure 40A A summary of genotyping results at 57 tri-allelic markers in 9 progeny of a standard Arabidopsis population (SAP, top) is shown. The vertical axis corresponds to individual tetraploid progeny and two tetraploid parent plants for reference. The horizontal axis corresponds to individual tri-allelic markers distributed on 5 separate chromosomes. The color of each cell represents the specific configuration of haplotypes observed at that marker (where A=Shahdara, B=Col-0, and C=HR-10). The haplotypes from BAP1 ( Figure 40C ) were used for comparison (bottom). Figure 40D Shown is a matrix showing the pairwise identity as estimated by the Jaccard similarity coefficient for 57 molecular markers genotyped between 9 tetraploid Arabidopsis plants in a standard Arabidopsis population (SAP). Figures 41A-41B Matrix showing pairwise identities as estimated by Jaccard similarity coefficients for 58 molecular markers genotyped between 99 tetraploid Arabidopsis plants in enhanced Arabidopsis population 1 (BAP1).

[0157] Figure 41A BAP1 plants are shown. Figure 41B Shown is a top view of a BAP1 plant 48 days after planting. Figure 41A Shown at a closer and oblique distance Figures 42A-42D A subset of BAP1 plants, also at 48 days after planting.

[0158] Figure 42A Shown are the formation of parthenocarpic (seedless) fruits in MiMe Arabidopsis plants and controls. Figure 42B Shown are seedless fruits from BAP1 plants whose pistils were treated with gibberellic acid ("GA3"), untreated, or mock-treated to induce fruit development, compared to fruits produced by treated or mock-treated pistils from fertile Arabidopsis control plants. Figure 42CA comparison of the average number of seeds per silique (vertical axis) between BAP1 plants, the doubled version of the parental MiMe plant PED-AR-BC (doubled as "PED-AR-BCBC") and the doubled version of the parental MiMe plant PED-AR-AA (doubled as "PED-AR-AAAA") is shown, all along the horizontal axis. Population means and standard deviations are represented in the figure by cross-shaped markers and error bars, respectively. Figure 42B A comparison of the length of silique (vertical axis) between the same groups of plants (horizontal axis) in Figure 42D A comparison of the length of silique (vertical axis) between the same groups of plants (horizontal axis) in Figure 24A A comparison of the average number of seeds per silique (vertical axis) between BAP2 plants, the doubled version of the parental MiMe plant PED-AR-BC (doubled as "PED-AR-BCBC") and the doubled version of the parental MiMe plant PED-AR-DE (doubled as "PED-AR-DEDE") is shown, all along the horizontal axis. Population means and standard deviations are represented in the figure by cross-shaped markers and error bars, respectively. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0159] The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the various embodiments. Specific details are presented as examples. Various modifications to the embodiments described herein will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the various embodiments. Thus, the various embodiments are not intended to be limited to the embodiments described herein and illustrated, but to be accorded the full scope consistent with the claims.

[0160] SUMMARY

[0161] In one aspect, described herein is a population of polyploid seeds comprising three or more haplotypes of the same or related plant species, wherein at least 50% of the population of polyploid seeds are genetically identical, and wherein the population is obtained from a single plant or a set of plants, such as, for example, a set of genetically identical Fl hybrids. In some embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds comprises a subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds comprising three or more haplotypes of the same or related plant species in an amount of at least 50% of the total number of seeds. The genetic identity of the seeds of the population addresses a long-felt need for a population of genetically identical polyploid seeds comprising three or more haplotypes that exhibit improved heterotic performance relative to the haplotypes present in existing hybrid plants. In some embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds and / or the subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci. The population of polyploid seeds and / or the subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds can have a full or partial MiMe genotype comprising MiMe alleles that confer reduced expression of MiMe loci that confer one or more MiMe components. In certain embodiments, germination of the seeds of the population of polyploid seeds and / or the subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds results in sterile plants that produce non-viable gametes, seedless fruit, or a combination thereof.

[0162] In another aspect, provided herein is a method of producing a population of polyploid seeds comprising three or more haplotypes, wherein at least 50% of the population of polyploid seeds are genetically identical. In some embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds comprises a subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds comprising three or more haplotypes of the same or related plant species in an amount of at least 50% of the total number of seeds. In some embodiments, the method comprises (a) providing clonal gametes from a pair of parental MiMe plants that together comprise three or more haplotypes; and (b) crossing the clonal gametes to produce the population of polyploid seeds. In other embodiments, the method comprises (a) providing clonal gametes from a parental MiMe plant; (b) providing haploid (e.g., monoploid, digenomic, or higher ploidy) gametes from a homozygous parental non-MiMe plant; and (c) crossing the clonal gametes with the haploid (e.g., monoploid) gametes to produce the population of polyploid seeds.

[0163] In yet another aspect, provided herein are methods of breeding a multiploid hybrid plant line comprising three or more haplotypes, the method comprising: obtaining a set of lines of a plant; breeding the lines using traditional plant breeding methods to produce a set of candidate lines of the plant; and selecting two or more candidate lines that together comprise three or more haplotypes for crossing. In some embodiments, after selecting the candidate lines, the method further comprises generating two parent MiMe plants from the two or more candidate lines; providing a clonal gamete from each of the parent MiMe plants; and crossing the clonal gametes to produce a hybrid multiploid seed comprising three or more haplotypes. In alternative embodiments, after selecting the candidate lines, the method further comprises generating a single parent MiMe plant from one of the two or more candidate lines; providing a clonal gamete from the parent MiMe plant; providing a haploid (e.g., monoploid) gamete from a homozygous parent non-MiMe plant of one of the two or more candidate lines; and crossing the clonal gamete with the haploid (e.g., monoploid) gamete to produce a hybrid multiploid seed. In some embodiments, after the crossing of clonal gametes or the crossing of a clonal gamete with a haploid (e.g., monoploid) gamete, the method further comprises growing the hybrid multiploid seed to produce a hybrid multiploid plant and evaluating one or more characteristics of the hybrid multiploid plant.

[0164] In another aspect, described herein is a population of polyploid seeds comprising a partially complementary MiMe genotype, wherein at least 50% of the population of polyploid seeds are genetically identical, and wherein the population is obtained from a single plant or a set of plants, such as, for example, a set of genetically identical Fl hybrids. In some embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds comprises a subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 50% of the total number of seeds, the genetically identical seeds comprising a partially complementary MiMe genotype. The polyploid seeds comprising a partially complementary MiMe genotype can comprise one, two, three, or more haplotypes. The partially complementary MiMe genotype of the population of polyploid seeds results in plants that have neither the wild-type meiosis phenotype nor the MiMe phenotype. Thus, in some embodiments, germination of the seeds of the population of polyploid seeds or the subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds results in plants that produce nonviable gametes. In certain embodiments, the polyploid seeds are from a parthenocarpic plant species and result in plants that produce seedless fruits. The genetic identity of the seeds of the population addresses the long-standing need for genetically identical populations of polyploid seeds for plants, including parthenocarpic crops that produce seedless fruits. In some embodiments, the partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises (a) only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component; and (b) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, and one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component. In certain embodiments, the partially complementary MiMe genotype further comprises (c) (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component, or (ii) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of the third MiMe component, and one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the third MiMe component.

[0165] In another aspect, provided herein are methods of producing a population of polyploid seeds comprising a partially complementary MiMe genotype, wherein at least 50% of the population of polyploid seeds are genetically identical. In some embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds comprises a subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 50% of the total number of seeds, the genetically identical seeds comprising a partially complementary MiMe genotype. The polyploid seeds comprising a partially complementary MiMe genotype can comprise one, two, three, or more haplotypes. In some embodiments, the methods comprise: (a) providing clonal gametes from a first parent MiMe plant; (b) providing clonal gametes from a second parent MiMe plant; and (c) crossing the clonal gametes to produce a population of polyploid seeds comprising a partially complementary MiMe genotype. In some embodiments, the first parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, and only non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component; and the second parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at the first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, and only MiMe alleles at the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component. In certain embodiments, at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the first parent MiMe plant having only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the second parent MiMe plant having only MiMe alleles. In some embodiments, the first parent MiMe plant and the second parent MiMe plant also have only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component, wherein the one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component having only MiMe alleles of the first parent MiMe plant and the second parent MiMe plant are the same or different.

[0166] In yet another aspect, provided herein are methods of breeding a polyploid plant, the method comprising: obtaining a set of lines of a plant; breeding the lines using traditional plant breeding methods to produce a set of candidate lines of the plant; and selecting two or more candidate lines for crossing. In some embodiments, after selecting the candidate lines, the method further comprises generating two parent MiMe plants from the two or more candidate lines. In some embodiments, a first parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, and only non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component; and a second parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at the first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, and only MiMe alleles at the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component. In certain embodiments, at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the first parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the second parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles. In some embodiments, the first parent MiMe plant and the second parent MiMe plant also have only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component, wherein the one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component that have only MiMe alleles of the first parent MiMe plant and the second parent MiMe plant are the same or different. In some embodiments, the method further comprises providing a clone gamete from each of the parent MiMe plants, crossing the clone gametes to produce a polyploid seed, growing the polyploid seed to produce a polyploid plant, and evaluating one or more characteristics of the polyploid plant.

[0167] In some variations of the breeding method, the method can further comprise repeating the steps of the method, using the evaluated one or more characteristics of the hybrid polyploid plant to guide breeding of lines, selection of candidate lines, or both. In further variations, the method can further comprise grouping the set of lines into three or more heterotic groups, wherein each heterotic group comprises a haplotype, and wherein the haplotypes are grouped based on observed or predicted heterotic performance when combined in a hybrid polyploid plant. This method allows for deterministic combination of three or more haplotypes in a polyploid plant, addressing the need for a plant breeding method that produces predictable results on a shorter timescale than traditional breeding methods require.

[0168] Definitions

[0169] As used herein, the term "plant" includes whole plants or any part or derivative of a plant such as plant organs (e.g., harvested or unharvested flowers, leaves, etc.), plant cells, plant protoplasts, plant cell or tissue culture from which whole plants can be regenerated, regenerable or non-regenerable plant cells, plant calli, plant cell clumps, and plant cells that are intact in plants or parts of plants such as embryos, pollen, ovules, ovaries (e.g., harvested tissue or organs), flowers, leaves, seeds, tubers, clonally reproduced plants, roots, stems, cotyledons, hypocotyls, root tips, shoot meristems, stem segments, stolons, etc. Plant parts or derivatives thereof can also include any of the above in an encapsulated form such as, for example, encapsulation in alginate or in artificial seeds. Any developmental stage is also included such as seedlings, immature and mature.

[0170] As used herein, "potato" generally refers to the species Solanum tuberosum. Furthermore, it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that some varieties of potato include genetic introgression from related Solanum species, but such varieties are still considered potato unless otherwise noted. The terms "potato" and "potato plant" include whole potato plants or any part or derivative of a potato plant such as plant organs (e.g., harvested or unharvested flowers, leaves, etc.), plant cells, plant protoplasts, plant cell or tissue culture from which whole plants can be regenerated, regenerable or non-regenerable plant cells, plant calli, plant cell clumps, and plant cells that are intact in plants or parts of plants such as embryos, pollen, ovules, ovaries (e.g., harvested tissue or organs), flowers, leaves, seeds, tubers, clonally reproduced plants, roots, stems, cotyledons, hypocotyls, root tips, shoot meristems, stem segments, stolons, etc. Plant parts or derivatives thereof can also include any of the above in an encapsulated form such as, for example, encapsulation in alginate or in artificial seeds. Any developmental stage is also included such as seedlings, immature and mature.

[0171] As used herein, the terms "maize" and "corn plant" include whole maize plants or any part or derivative thereof, such as plant organs (e.g., harvested or unharvested flowers, leaves, etc.), plant cells, plant protoplasts, plant cell or tissue culture from which maize plants can be regenerated, regenerable or non-regenerable plant cells, plant calli, plant cell clumps, and plant cells that are intact in plants or parts of plants such as embryos, pollen, ovules, ovaries (e.g., harvested tissue or organs), flowers, leaves, seeds, clonally reproduced plants, roots, stems, cotyledons, hypocotyls, root tips, etc. Plant parts or derivatives thereof can also include any of the above plant parts in an encapsulated form, such as, for example, stem meristems, stem segments, stolon tips, etc., encapsulated in alginate, for example, in artificial seeds. Any stage of development is also included, such as seed, seedling, immature, and mature, etc. As used herein, the term "non-regenerable" generally refers to a maize plant part, plant cell, processed maize product, or a portion of any of the foregoing, which cannot be induced to form a whole maize plant or cannot be induced to form a whole maize plant that is capable of sexual and / or asexual reproduction.

[0172] As used herein, the term "seed" generally refers to a true seed, and not another plant part used for propagation. For example, the term "potato seed" as used herein refers to a true potato seed, and not a potato tuber.

[0173] As used herein, "parthenocarpy" generally describes a plant or crop in which fruit development can proceed independent of pollination, fertilization, and / or seed development. Parthenocarpic plants can produce seedless fruit in a process commonly referred to as parthenocarpy, which is known in the art and described herein.

[0174] As used herein, "seedless plant" generally describes a plant or crop in which the fruit produced contains seeds that are nonviable and / or poorly developed. As used herein, seedless plants can or can not require pollen or fertilization to stimulate development of the fruit. Fruit development can or can not involve initiation and abortion of seeds, leaving seeds incompletely developed. This process is commonly known to occur in plants such as, by way of example only, seedless bananas, seedless table grapes, and seedless watermelons. As used herein, "seedless" can refer to seeds that are incompletely developed, lack seed production, or are otherwise nonviable. Seedless plants can also refer to plants that are incapable of producing fruit or seeds at all. For example, in crops where fruit development requires seed development, failure to form viable egg cells, sperm cells, or fertilization can result in no seeds and no fruit of any kind.

[0175] As used herein, the term “non-regenerable” generally refers to a plant part, plant cell, processed plant product, or a portion of any of the foregoing, which cannot be induced to form a whole plant or cannot be induced to form a whole plant that is capable of sexual and / or asexual reproduction.

[0176] As used herein, “ploidy” refers to the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell or organism. Ploidy can be annotated using “n” as a unit of complete sets of chromosomes. For example, a cell or organism having a single set of chromosomes can be referred to as “In”, or the single set of chromosomes itself can be referred to as “In”. A diploid cell or organism having two sets of chromosomes can be referred to as “2n”; a triploid cell or organism having three sets of chromosomes can be referred to as “3n”; and so on.

[0177] As used herein, “haploid” refers to a cell or organism having a ploidy of In.

[0178] As used herein, “diploid” refers to a cell or organism having a ploidy of 2n.

[0179] As used herein, “polyploid” refers to a cell or organism having a ploidy greater than 2n. “Polyploid” can refer to an organism that is triploid (3n), tetraploid (4n), pentaploid (5n), hexaploid (6n), heptaploid (7n), octoploid (8n), or higher ploidy (greater than 8n).

[0180] As used herein, “allele” refers to one of two or more alternative forms of a single gene or locus within a genome. As used herein, “monoallelic” generally describes the presence of a single allele at a given locus or set of loci within a cell or organism. As used herein, “diallelic” generally describes the presence of two different alleles at a given locus or set of loci within a cell or organism. As used herein, “multi-allelic” generally describes the presence of three or more alleles at a given locus or set of loci within a cell or organism.

[0181] As used herein, "haplotype" refers to a distinct set of chromosomes having a unique set of alleles. As used herein, each haplotype is distinct from other haplotypes in that it contains a set of alleles that confer a unique set of characteristics not possessed by other haplotypes. As used herein, as a feature of the disclosure, each distinct haplotype need not be inherited from a different parent - a polyploid organism of the disclosure can comprise three or more haplotypes inherited from two parents. As used herein, "monoallelic plants" generally refer to plant lines containing a single haplotype, "diai lelic plants" generally refer to plant lines containing two haplotypes, and "polyallelic plants" generally refer to plant lines containing three or more haplotypes. In allopolyploid plants containing multiple subgenomes and having little or no recombination between these subgenomes, as used herein, the term "three or more haplotypes" generally refers to three or more haplotypes of the same subgenome.

[0182] As used herein, "clonal" describes a DNA body that is substantially identical to another DNA body; or a set of cells or organisms comprising such DNA. For example, mitosis produces two clonal genomes consisting of two clonal cells. Due to random errors in natural DNA replication, DNA clones, clonal cells, or clonal organisms can not be completely identical. "Clonal" can describe two genomes that are not completely identical in sequence, but contain the same set of alleles.

[0183] As used herein, "genetically uniform" generally describes a set of individual plants, plant parts (e.g., seeds), or plant cells whose genomes are identical at at least 80% of loci, or are clonal. Genetic uniformity of a set of individual plants, plant parts (e.g., seeds), or plant cells can be measured using methods known in the art and described herein. For example, a set of genetic markers can be identified and used to determine the estimated pairwise identity of a pair of individuals, or to determine the average pairwise genetic uniformity of a population of individuals, using the Jaccard similarity coefficient. For example, a population of genetically uniform plants or seeds can consist of plants or seeds having genomes that are identical to one another at at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% of the genetic markers analyzed, or can consist of seeds having an average pairwise genetic uniformity of at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%, as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. Further, each pair of seeds in a population of genetically uniform plants or seeds can have genomes with at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% pairwise identity, as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient.

[0184] As used herein, “expression” and “expression level” refer to the relative or absolute amount of a functional gene product present in a cell. As used herein, “gene product” includes, but is not limited to, nucleic acids (e.g., RNA), post- transcriptionally modified nucleic acids (e.g., spliced RNA, polyadenylated mRNA), proteins (e.g., enzymes, structural proteins, etc.), and post-translationally modified proteins (e.g., glycoproteins, lipoproteins, etc.). Function of a gene product refers to the wild-type, unmodified, uninhibited function of the gene product. As used herein, “reduced expression” refers to a relative decrease in the amount of a functional gene product of a gene or genetic locus, such as a MiMe locus, present in a cell. Reduced expression can refer to a decrease in the total amount of a gene product present in a cell (e.g., a decrease in the amount of protein), or a decrease in the amount of functional gene product present in a cell (e.g., a decrease in the percentage of protein having wild-type function, e.g., a change in activity of the protein), or a decrease in the function of a gene product present in a cell (e.g., a decrease in activity of the protein, e.g., ablation of activity, compared to a protein having wild-type function). Reduced expression can be a decrease in expression of a gene product encoded at a certain genomic locus. Reduced expression also includes “no expression” and “elimination of expression.” As used herein, “no expression” or “elimination of expression” refers to the absence of a functional gene product in a cell, or an expression level insufficient to detect the gene product in the cell, or an expression level insufficient to result in function of the gene product within the cell, or an activity level insufficient to result in detectable activity of the gene product within the cell.

[0185] As used herein, “homozygous” describes a cell or organism in which all sets of chromosomes encode the same allele or the same set of alleles at a certain chromosomal locus, a set of chromosomal loci, or at all chromosomal loci. For example, a triploid cell or organism having the same allele at a particular locus in all three sets of chromosomes is homozygous for that allele. An organism can be homozygous for a particular allele or set of alleles at a certain chromosomal locus or set of chromosomal loci, or an organism can be homozygous for a haplotype. For example, a triploid cell or organism containing three copies of the same haplotype is homozygous for that haplotype. As used herein, “homozygous plant” generally refers to an inbred plant or plant line, a monoallelic plant or plant line, or a plant or plant line that is homozygous at all loci within its genome.

[0186] As used herein, "heterozygous" describes a cell or organism in which at least one set of chromosomes encodes an allele or set of alleles at a certain chromosomal locus or set of loci that is different from the allele or set of alleles of the other set(s) of chromosomes within the cell or organism. For example, a triploid cell or organism having allele al at locus A of two sets of chromosomes and allele a2 at locus A of a third set of chromosomes is heterozygous for alleles al and a2. An organism can be heterozygous for a particular set of alleles at a certain chromosomal locus or set of loci, or an organism can be heterozygous for a haplotype. For example, a triploid cell or organism containing two copies of a first haplotype and one copy of a second haplotype is heterozygous for the first and second haplotypes. As used herein, "heterozygous plant" generally refers to a di- or poly-allelic plant or plant line containing two or more haplotypes.

[0187] As used herein, "cross" refers to the act of forming zygotes from gametes of two different plants or plant lines. Cross can refer to pollinating a plant or plant line with pollen of a different plant or plant line.

[0188] As used herein, "related plant species" refers to two or more species that when crossed produce viable seed.

[0189] As used herein, "cross" describes a plant containing two or more haplotypes from the same or related plant species.

[0190] As used herein, "F1 hybrid" refers to the first filial hybrid seed or plant produced from the cross of parents comprising two or more haplotypes. For clarity, this refers to the first filial of the cross, not the first filial of the hybrid of the cross.

[0191] As used herein, "heterotic performance" refers to the performance of a set of two or more haplotypes when combined in a hybrid plant in conferring certain desirable characteristics. Desirable characteristics of heterotic performance can include characteristics of plant vigor, including but not limited to plant size, cold tolerance, fruit or grain yield, etc.

[0192] As used herein, "MiMe" generally refers to a phenotype of a plant in which the wild-type meiotic phenotype of the plant is disrupted in a manner that results in the formation of clonal female and / or clonal male gametes. "MiMe" can refer to any of several known methods that promote the formation of clonal female and / or clonal male gametes in a plant, including but not limited to mitosis instead of meiosis as disclosed in d'Erfurth et al. (2009. Turning meiosis into mitosis. PLoS Biol 7, e1000124) and first division restitution (FDR-NCO) without crossing over as disclosed in Peloquin et al. (1999. Meiotic mutants in potato: valuable variants. Genetics 153: 1493-1499), a typical example of FDR-NCO is the spo11-1, ps1 mutant as disclosed in Brownfield and Kohler (2010. Unreduced gamete formation in plants: mechanisms and prospects. J Exp Bot 62, 5, 1659-1668).

[0193] In organisms having a wild-type meiotic phenotype, meiosis in germline cells produces haploid gametes. As used herein, "haploid" generally refers to a cell or organism having a ploidy that is half that of the parent organism. As used herein, "haploid gamete" generally refers to a gametic cell having a ploidy that is half that of the parent organism. For example, in a diploid (2n) organism having a wild-type meiotic phenotype, meiosis in germline cells produces 1n haploid gametes. In another example, in a tetraploid (4n) organism having a wild-type meiotic phenotype, meiosis in germline cells produces 2n haploid gametes. As used herein, "parent non-MiMe plant" generally refers to a plant having a wild-type meiotic phenotype in which meiosis in germline cells produces haploid gametes (pollen and egg cells). As used herein, "homozygous parent non-MiMe plant" generally refers to an inbred parent non-MiMe parent, a monoallelic parent non-MiMe plant, or a parent non-MiMe plant that is homozygous at all loci within its genome. A homozygous parent non-MiMe plant can be produced by inbreeding, producing a doubled haploid line (e.g., a doubled monoploid line), or any other method known in the art for creating a plant line having a high degree of homozygosity.

[0194] In plants having a MiMe phenotype, meiosis is replaced by a mitotic-like process in the male and / or female line cells, resulting in clonal gametes. As used herein, "clonal gamete" generally refers to a gamete that comprises an unmeiotic, unrecombined copy of the parental plant genome, and thus has the same ploidy as the parental plant and is generally genetically identical to the parental plant. Clonal gametes are produced when line cells in a parental plant do not undergo recombination as they would in a normal meiotic process and also undergo first division restitution or second division restitution, resulting in unmeiotic gametes. Thus, clonal gametes are generally both unmeiotic and unrecombined, and thus are generally genetically identical to the parental plant. For example, in a diploid (2n) plant having a MiMe phenotype, line cells undergo mitosis instead of meiosis, generally resulting in 2n unrecombined gametes, i.e., clonal gametes. In another example, in a tetraploid (4n) plant having a MiMe phenotype, line cells undergo mitosis instead of meiosis, generally resulting in 4n unrecombined gametes, i.e., clonal gametes. Clonal gametes can refer to female clonal gametes, male clonal gametes, or a combination thereof.

[0195] As used herein, "unmeiotic non-clonal gamete" generally refers to a gamete that comprises an unmeiotic but recombined copy of the parental plant genome, and thus has the same ploidy as the parental plant but is not genetically identical to the parental plant. Unmeiotic non-clonal gametes are produced when line cells in a parental plant undergo recombination as they would in a normal meiotic process, but undergo first division restitution or second division restitution, resulting in unmeiotic gametes. Thus, even though unmeiotic non-clonal gametes are unmeiotic, they are the result of a normal recombination process, and thus are not genetically identical to the parental plant. For example, line cells in a diploid (2n) plant undergo a normal recombination process, but undergo first division restitution or second division restitution, resulting in 2n recombined gametes, i.e., unmeiotic non-clonal gametes. In another example, line cells in a tetraploid (4n) plant undergo a normal recombination process, but undergo first division restitution or second division restitution, resulting in 4n recombined gametes, i.e., unmeiotic non-clonal gametes. Unmeiotic non-clonal gametes can refer to female clonal gametes, male clonal gametes, or a combination thereof.

[0196] As used herein, "MiMe component" generally refers to a gene function that contributes to the MiMe phenotype, including but not limited to genes and gene products involved in meiosis that can be modified or altered to disrupt the wild-type meiotic phenotype in a manner related to the formation of clonal egg and / or clonal sperm via MiMe. MiMe components include (1) components of sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) components of DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination, (3) components of progression through the second division of meiosis, and (4) components of progression through the first division of meiosis. In general, each MiMe component comprises one or more MiMe loci, which are discussed further below. In addition, in general, each MiMe locus can have MiMe alleles and non-MiMe alleles.

[0197] As used herein, "MiMe allele" generally refers to an allele that disrupts the normal meiotic function of a MiMe component at a MiMe locus (e.g., an allele that disrupts sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis). A MiMe allele can be a naturally occurring MiMe allele, or can be introduced into a plant line using the methods described herein through genetic modification.

[0198] As used herein, "non-MiMe allele" generally refers to any allele that contributes to the wild-type function of a MiMe component, which therefore does not contribute to the MiMe phenotype in a plant. A non-MiMe allele generally refers to an allele at a MiMe locus that contributes to the wild-type meiotic function of a MiMe component (e.g., an allele that provides wild-type function that contributes to sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis).

[0199] As used herein, a “complete MiMe genotype” generally refers to any set of alleles that confer a MiMe phenotype in a plant. Individual alleles that make up a complete MiMe genotype are referred to as MiMe alleles. A complete MiMe genotype can be naturally occurring in a plant or can be introduced through, for example, plant breeding, transgenic techniques, gene editing techniques, or any combination thereof, to introduce one or more naturally occurring alleles, non-naturally occurring alleles, or combinations thereof. A complete MiMe genotype can comprise any number of MiMe alleles that produce a MiMe phenotype, such as one, two, three, or more MiMe alleles. As used herein, “MiMe locus” and “MiMe loci” generally refer to any one or more chromosomal loci that can be a site for a MiMe allele, including both genetic and intergenic loci. For example, if a MiMe locus encodes a MiMe component gene product, one or more MiMe loci can correspond to a particular MiMe component. A complete MiMe genotype can comprise MiMe alleles at any number of MiMe loci, such as one, two, three, or more MiMe loci. A complete MiMe genotype can comprise different alleles at the same MiMe locus on different sets of chromosomes and need not be homozygous to confer a MiMe phenotype. For example, a diploid plant having a complete MiMe genotype can have two different REC8 alleles, each of which reduces or eliminates REC8 expression or activity, such that the plant has two MiMe alleles of REC8 and thus exhibits disruption of sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis. Particular examples of complete MiMe genotypes are described in detail herein.

[0200] As used herein, a “partial MiMe genotype” generally refers to a set of alleles comprising both MiMe alleles and non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci, such that a plant having a partial MiMe genotype exhibits a wild-type meiosis phenotype. Two plants each exhibiting a wild-type meiosis phenotype and having compatible partial MiMe genotypes can be crossed to produce Fl offspring having a complete MiMe genotype and thus a MiMe phenotype. As used herein, “compatible partial MiMe genotypes” generally refers to two or more partial MiMe genotypes comprising sets of MiMe alleles at the same MiMe locus. For example, a partial MiMe genotype comprising MiMe alleles of REC8, SPO11-1, and OSD1 is compatible with another partial MiMe genotype comprising the same or different MiMe alleles of REC8, SPO11-1, and OSD1. The MiMe alleles of a partial MiMe genotype can be combined with the MiMe alleles of the same or different partial MiMe genotype in a single cross to produce a complete MiMe genotype and confer a MiMe phenotype in Fl offspring. Generally, when a MiMe allele and a non-MiMe allele are mentioned together, they are alleles of the same MiMe locus. A partial MiMe genotype can be naturally occurring in a plant or can be introduced through, for example, plant breeding, transgenic techniques, gene editing techniques, or any combination thereof, to introduce one or more naturally occurring alleles, non-naturally occurring alleles, or combinations thereof. A partial MiMe genotype can comprise any number of alleles, such as one, two, three, or more alleles. Further, a partial MiMe genotype can comprise MiMe alleles at any number of MiMe loci, such as one, two, three, or more MiMe loci. Specific examples of partial MiMe genotypes are described in detail herein.

[0201] As used herein, a "partially complementary MiMe genotype" generally refers to a set of alleles that includes only MiMe alleles at each of the one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, both MiMe and non-MiMe alleles at the first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, and both MiMe and non-MiMe alleles at the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component. A plant having a partially complementary MiMe genotype generally will not exhibit a wild-type meiosis phenotype because the first MiMe component has only MiMe alleles at each of the one or more MiMe loci, thereby disrupting wild-type meiosis. The plant also will not exhibit a MiMe phenotype due to the complementation of the MiMe alleles by the non-MiMe alleles at each of the first and second MiMe loci of the second MiMe component. Thus, a plant having a partially complementary MiMe genotype exhibits neither a wild-type meiosis phenotype nor a MiMe phenotype. A partially complementary MiMe genotype can also include MiMe alleles of a third MiMe component, e.g., only MiMe alleles at each of the one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component, or both MiMe and non-MiMe alleles at the first MiMe locus and both MiMe and non-MiMe alleles at the second MiMe locus of the third MiMe component. As used herein, a plant or genotype that "includes only MiMe alleles at a MiMe locus" is a plant or genotype in which each set of chromosomes has a MiMe allele at the locus, thereby conferring reduced expression (including no expression or altered activity) of the functional gene product of the locus. Exemplary partially complementary MiMe genotypes are shown in Figure 24C - FIG HaplotypeThe MiMe alleles of each MiMe locus of the first MiMe component can comprise any number of different MiMe alleles on different sets of chromosomes and need not be homozygous, so long as no non-MiMe alleles are present at that locus on any set of chromosomes. A partially complementary MiMe genotype can comprise, for example, one, two, three, or more MiMe alleles and one, two, three, or more non-MiMe alleles at each of the first and second MiMe loci of the second MiMe component, so long as at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele is present at each of the first and second MiMe loci of the second MiMe component. Further, a partially complementary MiMe genotype can comprise MiMe alleles at more than three MiMe loci, such as four, five, or more MiMe loci. Particular examples of partially complementary MiMe genotypes are described in detail herein.

[0202] As used herein, a "parental MiMe plant" generally refers to a plant having a complete MiMe genotype and exhibiting a MiMe phenotype, and which can be a source of clonal gametes (pollen and / or egg cells).

[0203] As used herein, "direct introduction of a complete MiMe genotype" generally refers to introducing into a plant or plant cell genetic modifications that will result in a complete MiMe genotype, including, if necessary, selection of a plant or plant cell having a complete MiMe genotype using the methods described herein and, if necessary, regeneration of a cell having a complete MiMe genotype into a plant exhibiting a MiMe phenotype.

[0204] As used herein, a "progenitor non-MiMe plant having a partial MiMe genotype" generally refers to a plant having a partial MiMe genotype and exhibiting a wild-type meiosis phenotype. A progenitor non-MiMe plant having a partial MiMe genotype produces haploid gametes that can be crossed with haploid gametes from the same or another progenitor non-MiMe plant having a partial MiMe genotype to produce one or more seeds having a complete MiMe genotype and which can be grown to produce one or more parental MiMe plants.

[0205] As used herein, “introducing a partial MiMe genotype” refers to introducing into a plant or plant cell a genetic modification that will result in a partial MiMe genotype, including selecting a plant or plant cell having a partial MiMe genotype using the methods described herein, if necessary, and regenerating a plant from the cell that exhibits a wild-type meiotic phenotype. For example, introducing a partial MiMe genotype can include crossing a plant having a MiMe allele with components that synapse sister chromatids during the first division of meiosis and a non-MiMe allele with components that synapse sister chromatids during the second division of meiosis, and then selecting progeny that are heterozygous for all three parental MiMe alleles and thus have a partial MiMe genotype.

[0206] As used herein, “genetic modification” generally refers to any sequence or portion thereof within a nucleic acid molecule that differs from the sequence of an ancestral nucleic acid molecule. For example, a seed containing a genomic sequence with an insertion or deletion that does not exist in one of its parent plants comprises a genetic modification. Genetic modifications can be naturally occurring or introduced. Genetic modifications can be introduced by, for example, plant breeding to introduce a naturally occurring genetic modification of one plant line into another plant line; transgenic methods; gene editing; chemical mutagenesis; and the like.

[0207] As used herein, “transgene” refers to the insertion of an exogenous genetic element into the genome of an organism. Any exogenous genetic element can be inserted by transgenesis, including but not limited to genes, protein-coding sequences, non-protein-coding sequences, regulatory sequences, spacer DNA, and the like.

[0208] As used herein, “gene editing” refers to a type of genetic modification in which one or more natural or engineered nucleases are used to insert, delete, or substitute DNA in the genome of an organism. Gene editing can be performed using a site-specific nuclease, a guide nuclease, or a combination thereof. The nuclease creates one or more site-specific breaks, such as double-strand breaks (DSBs), at a target locus in the genome. Each site-specific break can be repaired, for example, by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), resulting in a genetic modification in the genome at the target locus; or by homologous recombination of the target locus with a provided repair nucleic acid molecule that comprises homology to the target genomic sequence and the desired genetic modification.

[0209] Polyploid seed population

[0210] In one aspect, described herein is a population of polyploid seeds comprising three or more haplotypes of the same or related plant species, wherein at least 50% of the population of polyploid seeds are genetically identical, and wherein the population is obtained from a single plant or a set of plants (e.g., a set of genetically identical plants, e.g., a set of genetically identical Fl hybrids). In some embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds comprises a subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 50% of the total number of seeds, the genetically identical seeds comprising three or more haplotypes of the same or related plant species. In some embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds can have a full MiMe genotype or a partial MiMe genotype.

[0211] In another aspect, described herein is a population of polyploid seeds comprising a partial complementary MiMe genotype, wherein at least 50% of the population of polyploid seeds are genetically identical, and wherein the population is obtained from a single plant or a set of plants (e.g., a set of genetically identical plants, e.g., a set of genetically identical Fl hybrids). In some embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds comprises a subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 50% of the total number of seeds, the genetically identical seeds comprising a partial complementary MiMe genotype. In some embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds comprising a partial complementary MiMe genotype can comprise one, two, three, or more haplotypes.

[0212] Plant species

[0213] In some embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds or subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds comprises one, two, three, or more haplotypes. In some variations, the population of polyploid seeds or subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds comprises two or more haplotypes, three or more haplotypes, four or more haplotypes, five or more haplotypes, six or more haplotypes, seven or more haplotypes, or eight or more haplotypes. In further variations, the population of polyploid seeds or subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds includes two, three, four, five, six, seven, or eight haplotypes. In some embodiments where the polyploid seeds are from an allopolyploid plant having multiple subgenomes, the two, three, or more haplotypes are two, three, or more haplotypes of the same subgenome.

[0214] Genetic identity, ploidy, and origin

[0215] The polyploid seed population can be a seed population of any kind of plant. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a seed of a monocotyledonous plant. In other embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a seed of a dicotyledonous plant. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a seed of a crop plant. In some variations, the polyploid seed population can be a seed population of any crop plant including, but not limited to, potato, corn, banana, blueberry, blackberry, watermelon, melon, tomato, lycium, pepper, eggplant, grape, orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, cucumber, zucchini, squash, apple, pear, kiwifruit, pomegranate, mango, guava, papaya, avocado, stone fruit, date, fig, alfalfa, tobacco, cotton, clover, strawberry, currant, gooseberry, boysenberry, raspberry, bilberry, lingonberry, cowberry, blackfruit, dewberry, caneberry, loganberry, marionberry, tayberry, plantain, red banana, latundan banana, Cavendish banana, artichoke, beet, potato, sweet potato, banana yam, ahipa, maca, nashua, mauka, potato oca, potato bean, yacon, yam, radish, horseradish, turnip, parsnip, rutabaga, asparagus, sugarcane, cassava, brussels sprouts, cabbage, kale, lettuce, endive, spinach, bok choy, okra, cashew, pineapple, celery, birch, rapeseed, mustard, tea, safflower seed, cedar, quinoa, chickpea, citron, mandarin and tangerine, Clementine, coffee, cola nut, hazelnut, saffron, melon and cantaloupe, carrot, oil palm, teff, sorghum, eucalyptus, fir, soybean, sunflower, hemlock, rubber tree, kenaf, hops, walnut, larch, lentil, flax, maple, millet, rosemary, olive, millet, brome, avocado, kidney bean, lima bean, ground cherry, pine, pistachio, pea, turf grass, poplar, apricot, plum and prune, almond, nectarine, peach, cherry, rose, raspberry, sesame, sorghum, spruce, switchgrass, Russian dandelion, cocoa, durum wheat, spelt, fava bean, cowpea, ginger, kohlrabi, broccoli, cauliflower, wheat, rice, barley, oat, rye, bamboo, ryegrass, turf grass, or ornamental grass. In further variations, the polyploid seed population can be any crop plant species including, but not limited to, Solanum spp.), wild potato (Solanum chacoense), potato (Solanum tuberosum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), eggplant (Solanum melongena); Zea spp., including Z. Diploperennis, Z. luxurians, Z. nicaraguensis, and Z. perennis, maize, including Z. mays spp. mays (modern maize), Z. mays spp. Parviglumis, and Z. mays spp. mexicana; Musa spp., M. acuminata, M. balbisiana; Vaccinium spp., V. darrowii, V. corymbosum, V. erythrocarpum, V. macrocarpon, V. microcarpum, V. oxycoccos; Rubus spp., R. fruticosus, R. idaeus, blackberry, R. aboriginum, R. x loganobaccus, raspberry, and R. strigosus, R. occidentalis; Citrullus spp., C. lanatus; Cucumis spp., C. melo; Physalis spp., P. philadelphica, P. ixocarpa; Capsicum spp.), Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum chinense, Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum pubescens; Vitis spp., Vitis vinifera, Vitis amurensis, Vitis labrusca, Vitis riparia, Vitis rotundifolia; Citrus spp., Citrus sinensis, Citrus reticulata, Citrus aurantium, Citrus bergamia, Citrus limon, Citrus medica, Citrus maxima, Citrus hystrix, Citrus aurantiifolia, Citrus x sinensis, Citrus x paradisi; Cucumis spp., Cucumis sativus; Cucurbita spp., Cucurbita argyrosperma, Cucurbita ficifolia, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata, C. pepo; Lagenaria spp.; Malus spp., Malus domestica; Pyrus spp., Pyrus communis, Pyrus pyrifolia, Pyrus sinkiangensis, Pyrus pashia; Actinidia spp., Actinidia deliciosa; Punica spp., Punica granatum; Mangifera spp., Mangifera indica, Mangifera foetida; Psidium spp.), Psidium guajava; Carica spp., Carica papaya; Persea spp., Persea americana; Prunus spp.; Phoenix spp., Phoenix dactylifera; Ficus spp., Ficus carica; Medicago spp., Medicago sativa; Nicotiana spp., Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana rustica; Gossypium spp., Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium arboretum, Gossypium herbaceum; Trifolium spp., Trifolium repens, Trifolium pretense; Fragaria spp., Fragaria virginiana, Fragaria chiloensis, Fragaria vesca, Fragaria x ananassa; Ribes spp.; Cynara spp., Cynara cardunculus; Beta spp., Beta vulgaris, Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris; Ipomoea spp., Ipomoea batatas; Canna spp., Canna indica; Pachyrhizus spp., Pachyrhizus ahipa; Arracacia spp., Arracacia xanthorrhiza; Lepidium spp., Lepidium meyenii; Mirabilis spp.), Mirabilis expansa; Oxalis spp., Oxalis tuberosa; Ullucus spp., Ullucus tuberosus; Smallanthus spp., Smallanthus sonchifolius; Dioscorea spp., Dioscorea rotundata, Dioscorea cayennensis, Dioscorea alata, Dioscorea polystachya, Dioscorea bulbifera, Dioscorea esculenta, Dioscorea dumetorum, Dioscorea trifida; Raphanus spp., Raphanus raphanistrum; Armoracia spp., Armoracia rusticana; Brassica spp., Brassica rapa, Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis, Brassica napus, Brassica oleracea, wild cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. oleracea, Brassica oleracea var. italica; Pastinaca spp., Pastinaca sativa; Yucca spp.; Allium spp., Allium cepa, Allium ampeloprasum, Allium chinense, Allium fistulosum, Allium × proliferum, Allium sativum, Allium schoenoprasum; Arachis spp., Arachis hypogaea; Asparagus spp., Asparagus officinalis; Beta vulgaris; Brassica rapa; Brassica oleracea; Cicer arietinum; Citrullus lanatus; Cucumis melo; Cucumis sativus; Cyamopsis tetragonoloba; Daucus carota; Elaeis guineensis; Glycine max; Helianthus annuus; Ipomoea batatas; Lactuca sativa; Lycopersicon lycopersicum; Manihot esculenta; Musa spp.; Oryza sativa; Phaseolus vulgaris; Pisum sativum; Prunus avium; Prunus domestica; Prunus dulcis; Prunus persica; Saccharum officinarum; Solanum tuberosum; Theobroma cacao; Vicia faba; Vitis vinifera; Zea maysAsparagus officinalis; Saccharum spp., Saccharum officinarum, Saccharum barberi, Saccharum robustum, Saccharum spontaneum; Manihot spp., Manihot esculenta; Lactuca spp., Lactuca sativa; Spinacia spp., and Spinacia oleracea.

[0216] In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a seed population of Arabidopsis plants. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a seed population of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a seed population derived from a cross of two Arabidopsis plants from two or more lines of Arabidopsis thaliana. In certain embodiments, the two or more lines of Arabidopsis thaliana include Col-0, Landsberg, Shahdara, HR-10, Ws-2, Col-0 (CS851557-S1), CS851294, Col X Shahdara F1, Landsberg x Shahdara F1, Col x Shahdara F2, Landsberg x Shahdara F2, Col-0 (CS851557-S1) x HR-10 F2, Col-0 x HR-10 F2, Shahdara x Ws-2 F2, or combinations thereof.

[0217] In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population comprises two, three, or more haplotypes of the same or related plant species. In another embodiment, the polyploid seed population comprises two, three, or more haplotypes of related plant species. In some embodiments, the related plant species are plant species within the same family. In other embodiments, the related plant species are plant species within the same genus.

[0218] In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a seed population of the Solanaceae family comprising two, three, or more haplotypes from one or more species within the Solanaceae family. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a seed population of the genus Solanum comprising two, three, or more haplotypes from one or more species within the genus Solanum. The polyploid seed population of the genus Solanum can be a seed population of any plant within the genus Solanum, including but not limited to potato, tomato, and eggplant. In some variations, the two, three, or more haplotypes can be from any species or subspecies within the genus Solanum, including but not limited to Solanum chaconese, Solanum tuberosum, Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena, Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum pimpinellifolium, Solanum peruvianum, Solanum cheesmanii, Solanum galapagense, Solanum chilense, Solanum aethiopicum, Solanum quitense, Solanum torvum, Solanum muricatum, Solanum betaceum, Solanum lycocarpum, Solanum scabrum, and Solanum species. In certain embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a potato seed population comprising two, three, or more haplotypes from the same or related potato species.In some variations, the population of potato seeds comprises two, three, or more haplotypes of a potato species or subspecies, including but not limited to Solanum chacoense, Solanum tuberosum, Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena, Solanum tuberosum ssp. Tuberosum, Solanum stenotomum, Solanum phureja, Solanum goniocalyx, Solanum ajanhuiri, Solanum chaucha, Solanum juzepczukii, Solanum curtilobum, Solanum brevicaula, Solanum fendleri, Solanum demissum, and Solanum bulbocastanum.

[0219] In some embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds comprises two, three, or more haplotypes of a potato. In some variations, the two, three, or more haplotypes can be from different subspecies of Solanum tuberosum, including but not limited to Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena, Solanum tuberosum ssp. Tuberosum; related Solanum species, including but not limited to Solanum chacoense or potatoes with introgression from related Solanum species, including but not limited to Solanum microdontum, Solanum berthaultii, Solanum tarijense, Solanum raphanifolium, Solanum verrucosum, and the like.

[0220] In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a seed population of the Ericaceae family comprising two, three, or more haplotypes from one or more species within the Ericaceae family. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a seed population of the Vaccinium genus comprising two, three, or more haplotypes from one or more species within the Vaccinium genus. The polyploid seed population of the Vaccinium genus can be a seed population of any plant within the Vaccinium genus, including but not limited to blueberry, cranberry, bilberry, lingonberry, cowberry, and black fruit. In some variations, the two, three, or more haplotypes can be from any species or subspecies within the Vaccinium genus, including but not limited to Vaccinium darrowii, Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium boreale, Vaccinium caesariense, Vaccinium caespitosum, Vaccinium elliottii, Vaccinium cereum, Vaccinium myrsinites, Vaccinium myrtilloides, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Vaccinium microcarpum, Vaccinium erythrocarpum, Vaccinium ovatum, Vaccinium uliginosum, (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), Vaccinium stamineum, Vaccinium caesium, Vaccinium calycinum, Vaccinium cespitosum, Vaccinium deliciosum, Vaccinium dentatum, Vaccinium membranaceum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium ovalifolium, Vaccinium parvifolium, Vaccinium praestans, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium pallidum, VacciniumReticulatum), Vaccinium scoparium, Vaccinium koreanum, Vaccinium angustifolium, Vaccinium stenophyllum, Vaccinium fuscatum, Vaccinium atrococcum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium vacillans, Vaccinium tenellum, Vaccinium virgatum, Vaccinium ashei, Vaccinium moupinense, Vaccinium arboretum, Vaccinium crassifolium, and Vaccinium species. In certain embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a blueberry seed population comprising two, three, or more haplotypes from the same or related blueberry species. In some variations, the blueberry seed population comprises two, three, or more haplotypes of a blueberry species or subspecies including, but not limited to, Vaccinium darrowii, Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium angustifolium, Vaccinium boreale, Vaccinium caesariense, Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium darrowii, Vaccinium elliottii, Vaccinium formosum, Vaccinium fuscatum, Vaccinium atrococcum, Vaccinium hirsutum, Vaccinium myrsinites, Vaccinium myrtilloides, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium simulatum, Vaccinium tenellum, Vaccinium virgatum, and Vaccinium ashei.

[0221] In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a seed population of Rosaceae comprising two, three, or more haplotypes from one or more species within Rosaceae. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a seed population of Rubus comprising two, three, or more haplotypes from one or more species within Rubus. The polyploid seed population of Rubus can be a seed population of any plant within Rubus, including but not limited to blackberry, raspberry, dewberry, caneberry, loganberry, boysenberry, marionberry, and tayberry.In some variations, the two, three, or more haplotypes can be from any species or subspecies in the genus Rubus, including but not limited to, Rubus fruticosus, Rubus aboriginum, Rubus allegheniensis, Rubus arcticus, Rubus arizonensis, Rubus armeniacus, Rubus caesius, Rubus canadensis, Rubus chamaemorus, Rubus coreanus, Rubus cuneifolius, Rubus depavitus, Rubus flagellaris, Rubus geoides, Rubus glaucifolius, Rubus hispidus, Rubus hochstetterorum, Rubus idaeus, Rubus invisus, Rubus laciniatus, Rubus lasiococcus, Rubus leucodermis, Rubus occidentalis, Rubus odoratus, Rubus parviflorus, Rubus parvifolius, Rubus petinellus, Rubus pensilvanicus, Rubus phoenicolasius, Rubus pubescens, Rubus reflexus, Rubus saxatilis, Rubus spectabilis, Rubus strigosus, Rubus trifidus, Rubus ursinus, and Rubus spp. In certain embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a blackberry seed population comprising two, three, or more haplotypes from the same or related blackberry species.In some variations, the blackberry seed population comprises two, three, or more haplotypes of a blackberry species or subspecies, including but not limited to Rubus fruticosus, Rubus plicatus, Rubus armeniacus, Rubus laciniatus, Rubus occidentalis, Rubus allegheniensis, Rubus canadensis, Rubus cuneifolius, Rubus hochstetterorum, Rubus leucodermis, Rubus odoratus, Rubus pensilvanicus, Rubus pubescens, Rubus trifidu, and Rubus ursinus.

[0222] In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a seed population of the family Poaceae comprising two, three, or more haplotypes from one or more species within the family Poaceae. The polyploid seed population of the family Poaceae can be a seed population of any plant within the family Poaceae, including but not limited to corn, wheat, rice, barley, millet, sugarcane, oat, rye, bamboo, ryegrass, turfgrass, ornamental grass, etc. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population comprises two, three, or more haplotypes of corn. In some variations, the two, three, or more haplotypes can be from different corn subspecies. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a seed population of the genus Zea comprising two, three, or more haplotypes from one or more species within the genus Zea. The polyploid seed population of the genus Zea can be a seed population of any plant within the genus Zea, including but not limited to corn and teosinte. In some variations, the two, three, or more haplotypes can be from any species or subspecies within the genus Zea, including but not limited to Zea mays, Zea diploperennis, Zea nicaraguensis, Zea perennis, and Zea species. In certain embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a corn seed population comprising two, three, or more haplotypes from the same or related corn or teosinte species, including but not limited to the Zea species described herein.

[0223] In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a seed population of the Musaceae family, comprising two, three, or more haplotypes from one or more species within the Musaceae family. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a seed population of the genus Musa, comprising two, three, or more haplotypes from one or more species within the genus Musa. The polyploid seed population of the genus Musa can be a seed population of any plant within the genus Musa, including but not limited to banana, plantain, red banana, Ratondan banana, and Cavendish banana. In some variations, the two, three, or more haplotypes may be from any species or subspecies of the genus Musa, including but not limited to Musa acuminata, Musa acuminata subsp. zebrine, Musa balbisiana, Musa basjoo, Musa velutina, Musayunnanensis, Musa coccinea, Musa schizocarpa, Musa × troglodytarum, Musa × paradisiaca, and Musa species. In certain embodiments, the polyploid seed population is a population of banana or plantain seeds comprising two, three, or more haplotypes from the same or related banana or plantain species, including but not limited to the Musa species described herein.

[0224] Genetic modification

[0225] In some embodiments, at least 50% of the polyploid seed population comprises two, three, or more haplotypes. In some variations, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.9%, or at least 99.99% of the polyploid seed population comprising two, three, or more haplotypes is genetically identical. In some embodiments, at least 50% of the polyploid seed population produced comprises three or more haplotypes. In some variations, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.9%, or at least 99.99% of the polyploid seed population produced comprises three or more haplotypes. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population has an average pairwise genetic identity of at least 80% as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. In some variations, the polyploid seed population has an average pairwise genetic identity of at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. In one variation, the polyploid seed population has an average pairwise genetic identity of at least 85% as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. In another variation, the polyploid seed population has an average pairwise identity of at least 90% as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient.

[0226] In some embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds comprises a subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 50% of the total number of seeds. In some variations, the population of polyploid seeds comprises a subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.9%, or at least 99.99% of the total number of seeds. In some embodiments, each pair in the subpopulation of genetically identical seeds has at least about 90% pairwise identity, as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. In some embodiments, each pair in the subpopulation of genetically identical seeds has at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or about 100% pairwise identity, as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient.

[0227] In some embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds comprising two, three, or more haplotypes or the subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds is triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid, hexaploid, heptaploid, or octoploid. In other embodiments, the population of polyploid seeds comprising two, three, or more haplotypes or the subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds has a ploidy of 9n, 10n, 11n, 12n, 13n, 14n, 15n, 16n, or higher.

[0228] In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population is obtained from a single plant or a set of plants, such as, for example, a set of Fl hybrids. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population is obtained from a single plant. In other embodiments, the polyploid seed population is obtained from a set of Fl hybrids. In some variations, the polyploid seed population is obtained from a set of two, three, four, five, 10, 20, 50, 100 or more Fl hybrids. In some further variations, the polyploid seed population is obtained from a set of genetically identical plants, for example, a set of Fl hybrids derived from the same inbred parent. In yet further variations, the polyploid seed population is obtained from a set of two, three, four, five, 10, 20, 50, 100 or more genetically identical plants, for example, genetically identical Fl hybrids. In certain embodiments, the set of genetically identical plants (e.g., the set of genetically identical Fl hybrids) has an average pairwise genetic identity of at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%, as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. In certain embodiments, each pair in the set of genetically identical plants (e.g., the set of genetically identical Fl hybrids) has a pairwise identity of at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or about 100%, as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient.

[0229] Methods of measuring genetic concordance are known in the art. One exemplary method of measuring genetic concordance is by using the Jaccard similarity coefficient, also known as the Jaccard index or Jaccard similarity index. In the context of molecular plant genetics, the Jaccard index, Jaccard similarity index, or Jaccard similarity coefficient (Jaccard, P. (1908) Nouvelles Recherches sur la Distribution Florale. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles. Vol. 44) is commonly applied to quantify the pairwise genetic similarity or concordance of plants based on whether shared alleles are present at loci distributed throughout the genome.An exemplary method of using the Jaccard similarity coefficient to measure genetic identity between two plants is described in Example 1 below, and for example in Paz and SVeilleux (1997. Genetic diversity based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and its relationship with the performance of diploid potato hybrids. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Sci. 122(6):740-747); Vosman et al. (2004. The establishment of ‘essential derivation’ among rose varieties, using AFLP. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 109:1718-1725); Noli et al. (2013. Criteria for the definition of similarity thresholds for identifying essentially derived varieties. Plant Breeding. 132(6):525-531); Vijayakumar et al. (2021. High temperature induced changes in quality and yield parameters of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and similarity coefficients among genotypes using SSR markers. Heliyon. 7(2)); and Dalamu et al. (2023. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analyses Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers and Phenotypic Traits in Native Potato Collection in India. Potato Research: 1-25). The Jaccard similarity coefficient is defined as the ratio of the number of shared items to the total number of different items in two sets. In the context of molecular plant genetics, it quantifies the proportion of alleles shared between two plants.The formula for calculating the Jaccard similarity coefficient is:

[0230] J(A,B) = |A∩B| / |A∪B|

[0231] where A represents the set of unique alleles without duplication in one plant, B represents the set of unique alleles without duplication in another plant, |A∩B| represents the number of alleles shared between the plants (the cardinality of the intersection), and |A∪B| represents the number of different alleles between the plants (the cardinality of the union). The formula calculates the cardinality of the intersection of the two sets (shared alleles) divided by the cardinality of the union of the two sets (all different alleles present). The resulting value of the Jaccard similarity coefficient is in the range of 0 to 1, where 0 indicates no shared alleles and 1 indicates perfect identity. The average pairwise genetic identity of a population is calculated as the average Jaccard similarity of all possible pairs of plants within the population. In the context of genetic pairwise similarity estimation, the size of A should be the same or very close to the size of B to avoid misinterpretation.

[0232] MiMe loci, MiMe genotypes, and MiMe components

[0233] In some embodiments, the polyploid seeds (e.g., subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds) comprise one or more genetic modifications. Genetic modifications can be generated by modifying any nucleic acid sequence or genetic element by inserting, deleting, or substituting one or more nucleotides in the nucleic acid molecule. This can occur by substitution of at least one nucleotide, deletion of at least one nucleotide, insertion of at least one nucleotide, chemical alteration of at least one nucleotide, or a combination thereof, so long as the result is a detectable change in nucleotide sequence (e.g., by PCR, DNA sequencing, chromatography, etc.) as compared to the sequence of the nucleic acid molecule prior to modification. Such modifications can be achieved by any of several well-known methods known in the art, including but not limited to random mutagenesis, genome editing, insertion of recombinant nucleic acids, crossing of unmodified plants with modified plants to introduce the modifications of the modified plants into the unmodified plants, and the like. The genetic modifications can be naturally occurring or non-naturally occurring.

[0234] The genetic modifications described herein can be present in any known genetic element, including but not limited to protein coding sequences, non-protein coding sequences, promoter regions, 5' untranslated leader sequences, genes, exons, introns, poly-A signal sequences, 3' untranslated regions, regions encoding small RNAs such as microRNAs and small interfering RNAs, and any other sequence that affects the transcription or translation of one or more nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the genetic modifications can include but are not limited to modification or replacement of a nucleotide sequence of interest such as a regulatory element, gene disruption, gene knockout, gene knockdown, gene knockin, gene silencing (including, for example, by insertion and / or expression of RNA interference constructs), modification of methylation status, modification of splice sites, introduction of alternative splice sites, or any combination thereof. As used herein, gene disruption refers to a change or insertion of a sequence into a gene or genetic locus that results in reduced expression of a functional protein gene product, including no expression or altered activity. Gene disruption can be achieved by introducing a genetic modification in a protein coding sequence, including but not limited to missense or nonsense mutations, or insertions, deletions, or substitutions. As used herein, knockout is a genetic modification in which a gene or gene product has been rendered completely null. Knockout of a gene product can be achieved by introducing a genetic modification in a protein coding sequence of a gene or in any of the non-protein coding or regulatory sequences described herein. As used herein, knockdown is a genetic modification in which a gene or gene product has been rendered partially null. Knockdown of a gene product can be achieved by introducing a genetic modification in a protein coding sequence of a gene or in a non-protein coding or regulatory sequence, or by insertion of a trans-acting element such as a construct expressing inverted repeats of a gene product or a construct expressing a DNA or RNA binding protein such as a transcriptional repressor, which can include, for example, a deactivated targeted nuclease such as a deactivated Cas9 (dCas9). As used herein, knockin refers to the replacement or insertion of a DNA sequence at a particular DNA locus in a cell. Gene knockin can include but is not limited to specific insertion of a heterologous amino acid coding sequence in a coding region of a gene, insertion of a transcriptional regulatory element in a genetic locus, or any of several methods known to one of ordinary skill in the art for inserting a DNA sequence into a cell.

[0235] In certain embodiments, the polyploid seeds (e.g., subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds) comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression (including no expression or altered activity) of a gene product of a genomic locus. In some embodiments, the genetic modification that results in reduced expression (including no expression or altered activity) of a gene product or locus can include, but is not limited to, modification of an enhancer, modification of a promoter, modification of a 5’ untranslated leader sequence, modification of a coding region, modification of a non-coding region, insertion and / or expression of an RNA interference construct targeting mRNA, modification of a region encoding a small RNA, modification of the methylation state of a genomic locus, expression of a repressor protein targeting a DNA or mRNA sequence, and any other sequence that affects transcription or translation of one or more nucleic acid sequences. In some embodiments, the genetic modification that results in reduced expression (including no expression or altered activity) of a gene product or locus can include, but is not limited to, modification or replacement of a nucleotide sequence of interest (such as a regulatory element), gene disruption, gene knockout, gene knockdown, gene knock-in, gene silencing (including, for example, by insertion and / or expression of inverted repeats into and / or of a gene of interest), RNA interference (including, for example, by insertion and / or expression of an RNA interference construct), expression of a repressor protein (e.g., dCas9), modification of the methylation state of a gene locus, modification of a splice site, introduction of an alternative splice site, or any combination thereof. In some variations, the genetic modification is located in the first 70%, first 60%, first 50%, first 40%, first 30%, first 20%, or first 10% of nucleotides of the coding sequence of the genomic locus in the 3’ direction from the start codon. In certain variations, the genetic modification is located in the first 100, first 200, first 300, first 400, first 500, first 600, first 700, first 800, first 900, first 1000, first 1250, first 1500, first 1750, first 2000, first 2500, or first 3000 nucleotides of the coding sequence of the genomic locus in the 3’ direction from the start codon.

[0236] In some embodiments, each of the one or more genetic modifications independently comprises an insertion, a deletion, one or more nucleotide changes, or an inversion that results in a decrease in expression of one or more genomic loci (e.g., MiMe loci). In some variations, the insertion, deletion, one or more nucleotide changes, or inversion abolishes expression (e.g., abolishes activity) of the genomic locus. In some variations, the insertion, deletion, one or more nucleotide changes, or inversion is located in the first 70%, first 60%, first 50%, first 40%, first 30%, first 20%, or first 10% of nucleotides of the coding sequence of the genomic locus in the 3’ direction from the start codon. In certain variations, the insertion, deletion, one or more nucleotide changes, or inversion is located in the first 100, first 200, first 300, first 400, first 500, first 600, first 700, first 800, first 900, first 1000, first 1250, first 1500, first 1750, first 2000, first 2500, or first 3000 nucleotides of the coding sequence of the genomic locus in the 3’ direction from the start codon. In some embodiments, the insertion, deletion, one or more nucleotide changes, or inversion abolishes expression (e.g., abolishes activity) of the genomic locus. In some variations, the insertion, deletion, one or more nucleotide changes, or inversion results in the presence of a premature stop codon in the first 70%, first 60%, first 50%, first 40%, first 30%, first 20%, or first 10% of nucleotides of the coding sequence of the MiMe locus in the 3’ direction from the start codon, thereby abolishing expression (e.g., activity) of the genomic locus. In some variations, the insertion, deletion, one or more nucleotide changes, or inversion results in the presence of a premature stop codon in the first 100, first 200, first 300, first 400, first 500, first 600, first 700, first 800, first 900, first 1000, first 1250, first 1500, first 1750, first 2000, first 2500, or first 3000 nucleotides of the coding sequence of the genomic locus in the 3’ direction from the start codon, thereby abolishing expression (e.g., activity) of the genomic locus.

[0237] In some embodiments, the one or more genetic modifications comprise one or more polynucleotide sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 448-466, 468-471, 474-491, and 493-496. In certain embodiments, the one or more genetic modifications comprise one or more polynucleotide sequences each having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identity or complementarity to a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 448-466, 468-471, 474-491, and 493-496.

[0238] Components of sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis

[0239] In some embodiments, the polyploid seeds (e.g., subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds) comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression (including no expression or altered activity) of one or more MiMe loci. In some variations, the polyploid seeds (e.g., subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds) comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in a reduction in the amount of functional gene product encoded at one or more MiMe loci. Gene products at a MiMe locus can include, but are not limited to, nucleic acids (e.g., RNA), post- transcriptionally modified nucleic acids (e.g., spliced RNA, polyadenylated mRNA), proteins (e.g., enzymes, structural proteins, etc.), and post-translationally modified proteins (e.g., glycoproteins, lipoproteins, etc.). Function of a gene product at a MiMe locus refers to the wild-type, unmodified function of the gene product. Reduced expression of a MiMe locus can refer to a reduction in the total amount of gene product encoded at the MiMe locus present in a cell (e.g., a reduction in the amount of protein, including expression that is undetectable) or a reduction in the amount of functional gene product encoded at the MiMe locus present in a cell (e.g., a reduction in the percentage of protein with wild-type function, or an increase in the percentage of protein with altered activity). In some embodiments, the one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci can include, but are not limited to, modification of an enhancer in a MiMe locus, modification of a promoter of a MiMe locus, modification of a coding region in a MiMe locus, modification of the methylation state of a MiMe locus, expression of a repressor protein targeting DNA or mRNA of a MiMe locus, and expression of an RNA interference construct targeting mRNA from a MiMe locus. In some embodiments, the polyploid seeds (e.g., subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds) can comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in no expression of one or more MiMe loci. In some embodiments, the polyploid seeds (e.g., subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds) can comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression (including no expression or altered activity) of a combination of two or more MiMe loci.

[0240] In some embodiments, the polyploid seed comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci. In other embodiments, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of two or more MiMe loci. In yet other embodiments, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of three or more MiMe loci. In some variations, the MiMe loci can include, but are not limited to, REC8, OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in corn), CYCA1, TDM1, PAIR1 (e.g., PAIR1-1 and / or PAIR1-2 in corn), SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, SWITCH1 / DYAD, PS1, PS1-like protein, JASON (e.g., JASON-1 and / or JASON-2 in corn), PC1, PC2, and FC. In one variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8. In a second variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in corn). In a third variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1 (e.g., PAIR1-1 and / or PAIR1-2 in corn). In a fourth variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1, SPO11-2, or a combination thereof. In a fifth variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8 and SPO11-1. In a sixth variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8 and OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in corn). In a seventh variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8 and PAIR1 (e.g., PAIR1-1 and / or PAIR1-2 in corn).In an eighth variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in corn) and SPO11-1. In a ninth variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in corn) and PAIR1 (e.g., PAIR1-1 and / or PAIR1-2 in corn). In a tenth variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in corn), and PAIR1 (e.g., PAIR1-1 and / or PAIR1-2 in corn). In an eleventh variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in corn), and SPO11-1. In a twelfth variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PS1 and SPO11-1. In a thirteenth variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PS1 and SY3. In a fourteenth variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) is a corn seed and comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in corn), SPO11-1, and REC8. In a fifteenth variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) is a potato seed and comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PS1-like protein and SPO11-1. In a sixteenth variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) is a potato seed and comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PS1-like protein and SY3. In a seventeenth variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) is a potato seed and comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in an altered activity of TDM1 (e.g., a dominant negative, constitutively active, or null mutant of TDM1). In an eighteenth variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) is a potato seed and comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PS1-like protein and SPO11-1.In a nineteenth variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) is potato and comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PS1-like protein and SY3. In a twentieth variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in maize), SPO11-1, and PAIR1 (e.g., PAIR1-1 and / or PAIR1-2 in maize). In a twenty-first variation, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PS1 or PS1-like protein, SY3, and SPO11-1. The polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) can comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of any combination of MiMe loci described herein or known in the art. In some embodiments, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) can comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in no expression of any combination of MiMe loci described herein or known in the art. In other embodiments, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) can comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression (including no expression or altered activity) of a combination of two or more MiMe loci described herein or known in the art.

[0241] In some embodiments, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof. In some variations, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof, and one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of one or more additional MiMe loci. In further variations, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof, and one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of one or more additional MiMe loci, which can include, but are not limited to, OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in corn), CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, and FC. In further variations, the polyploid seed (e.g., a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seed) comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof; one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in corn), CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof; and one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of one or more additional MiMe loci, which can include, but are not limited to, PAIR1 (e.g., PAIR1-1 and / or PAIR1-2 in corn), SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, and SY4.

[0242] In some embodiments, the polyploid seeds (e.g., subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds) comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci, which can include, but are not limited to, OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in corn), CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, and FC. In some variations, the polyploid seeds (e.g., subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds) comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in corn), CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof, and further comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of one or more additional MiMe loci, which can include, but are not limited to, PAIR1 (e.g., PAIR1-1 and / or PAIR1-2 in corn), SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, and SY4.

[0243] In some embodiments, the polyploid seeds (e.g., subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds) comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci, which can include, but are not limited to, PAIR1 (e.g., PAIR1-1 and / or PAIR1-2 in corn), SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, and SY4. In some variations, the polyploid seeds (e.g., subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds) comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1 (e.g., PAIR1-1 and / or PAIR1-2 in corn), SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof, and further comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of one or more additional MiMe loci, which can include, but are not limited to, PS1, PS1-like protein, and JASON (e.g., JASON-1 and / or JASON-2 in corn).

[0244] In some embodiments, each of the one or more MiMe loci encodes a protein of a MiMe component as described herein. In certain embodiments, each of the one or more MiMe loci encodes a protein having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-119. In some variations, each of the one or more MiMe loci encodes a protein having at least 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence identity, or at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% sequence similarity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-119.

[0245] In some embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a full MiMe genotype. In alternative embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a partial MiMe genotype. In still other embodiments, the polyploid seed population or subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a partially complementary MiMe genotype. In certain embodiments, the full, partial, or partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci. In other embodiments, the full, partial, or partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of two or more MiMe loci. In yet other embodiments, the full, partial, or partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of three or more MiMe loci. In some variations, the MiMe loci can include, but are not limited to, REC8, OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in corn), CYCA1, TDM1, PAIR1 (e.g., PAIR1-1 and / or PAIR1-2 in corn), SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, SWITCH1 / DYAD, PS1, PS1-like protein, JASON (e.g., JASON-1 and / or JASON-2 in corn), PC1, PC2, and FC. In one variation, the full, partial, or partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8. In a second variation, the full, partial, or partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in corn). In a third variation, the full, partial, or partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1 (e.g., PAIR1-1 and / or PAIR1-2 in corn). In a fourth variation, the full, partial, or partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1, SPO11-2, or a combination thereof. In a fifth variation, the full, partial, or partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8 and SPO11-1. In a sixth variation, the full, partial, or partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8 and OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in corn).In a seventh variation, the fully, partially, or partially-complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8 and PAIR1 (e.g., PAIR1-1 and / or PAIR1-2 in corn). In an eighth variation, the fully, partially, or partially-complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in corn) and SPO11-1. In a ninth variation, the fully, partially, or partially-complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in corn) and PAIR1 (e.g., PAIR1-1 and / or PAIR1-2 in corn). In a tenth variation, the fully, partially, or partially-complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in corn), and PAIR1 (e.g., PAIR1-1 and / or PAIR1-2 in corn). In an eleventh variation, the fully, partially, or partially-complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in corn), and SPO11-1. In a twelfth variation, the fully, partially, or partially-complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PS1 and SPO11-1. In a thirteenth variation, the fully, partially, or partially-complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PS1 and SY3. In a fourteenth variation, the polyploid seed population is corn seed, and the fully, partially, or partially-complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3), SPO11-1, and REC8. In a fifteenth variation, the polyploid seed population is potato seed, and the fully, partially, or partially-complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PS1-like protein and SPO11-1. In a sixteenth variation, the polyploid seed population is potato seed, and the fully, partially, or partially-complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PS1-like protein and SY3.In a seventeenth variation, the polyploid seed population is potato seed, and the fully, partially, or partially-complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in an altered activity of TDM1 (e.g., a dominant negative, constitutively active, or null mutant of TDM1). In an eighteenth variation, the polyploid seed is potato seed, and the fully, partially, or partially-complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PS1-like protein and SPO11-1. In a nineteenth variation, the polyploid seed is potato seed, and the fully, partially, or partially-complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PS1-like protein and SY3. In a twentieth variation, the fully, partially, or partially-complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in maize), SPO11-1, and PAIR1 (e.g., PAIR1-1 and / or PAIR1-2 in maize). In a twenty-first variation, the fully, partially, or partially-complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PS1 or PS1-like protein, SY3, and SPO11-1. The fully, partially, or partially-complementary MiMe genotype can comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of any combination of MiMe loci described herein or known in the art, wherein a plant having a fully MiMe genotype exhibits a MiMe phenotype. In some embodiments, the fully, partially, or partially-complementary MiMe genotype can comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in no expression of any combination of MiMe loci described herein or known in the art, wherein a plant having a fully MiMe genotype exhibits a MiMe phenotype. In other embodiments, the fully, partially, or partially-complementary MiMe genotype can comprise one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression (including no expression or altered activity) of a combination of two or more MiMe loci described herein or known in the art, wherein a plant having a fully MiMe genotype exhibits a MiMe phenotype. Specific examples of fully MiMe genotypes are shown in Table 10.

[0246] In some embodiments, a fully, partially, or partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof. In some variations, a fully, partially, or partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof, and one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of one or more additional MiMe loci. In further variations, a fully, partially, or partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof, and one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of one or more additional MiMe loci, including but not limited to OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in maize), CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, and FC. In further variations, a fully, partially, or partially complementary MiMe genotype comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof; one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1 (e.g., OSD1-1, OSD1-2, and / or OSD1-3 in maize), CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC,...

Claims

1. A population of polyploid seeds comprising a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 50% of the total number of seeds, the genetically uniform polyploid seeds comprising three or more haplotypes of the same or related plant species, wherein the population is obtained from a single plant or a set of Fl hybrids.

2. The population of claim 1, wherein the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds is triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid, hexaploid, heptaploid, or octaploid.

3. The population of claim 1, wherein the population of polyploid seeds has an average pairwise genetic uniformity of at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient.

4. The population of claim 1, wherein the population of polyploid seeds comprises the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 70%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% of the total number of seeds.

5. The population of claim 1, wherein each pair of seeds in the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a pairwise identity of at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient.

6. The population of claim 1, wherein the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a full MiMe genotype comprising: (A) a MiMe allele conferring reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first, second, and third MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component of sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component of progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component; or (B) a MiMe allele conferring reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first and second MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component.

7. The population of claim 1, wherein the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a partial MiMe genotype comprising: (A) (a) one or more MiMe alleles that confer reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of the first, second, and third MiMe components; and (b) one or more non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of each of the first, second, and third MiMe components, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component that adheres sister chromatids during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component that makes DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component that progresses through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component; or (B) (a) one or more MiMe alleles that confer reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of the first and second MiMe components; and (b) one or more non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci in each of the first and second MiMe components, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component that makes DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component that progresses through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component.

8. The population of claim 1, wherein the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising: (A) (a) only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component; (b) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, and one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component; and (c) (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component, or (ii) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of the third MiMe component, and one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the third MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component that adheres sister chromatids during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component that makes DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component that progresses through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component; (B) (a) only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component; and (b) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, and one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component that adheres sister chromatids during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component that makes DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component that progresses through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component; or wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component that is a DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component that progresses through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component; or (C) (a) only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component is a component that is a DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination; (b) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a second MiMe component; (c) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component; and (d) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a fourth MiMe component, wherein the second MiMe component, the third MiMe component, and the fourth MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component that is sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis, (3) a component that progresses through the second division of meiosis, and (4) a component that progresses through the first division of meiosis, and each of the second MiMe component, the third MiMe component, and the fourth MiMe component is a different MiMe component.

9. The population of claim 6, wherein: (1) the one or more MiMe loci of the component that is sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis comprises REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof; (2) the one or more MiMe loci of the component that is a DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination comprises PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof; (3) the one or more MiMe loci of the component that progresses through the second division of meiosis comprises OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof; and / or (4) the one or more MiMe loci of the component that progresses through the first division of meiosis comprises PS1, JASON, or a combination thereof.

10. The population of claim 1, wherein the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds comprises: (1) a full MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1; (2) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1; (3) a full MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (4) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1, optionally wherein the polyploid seed population is from a maize plant and the one or more OSD1 loci comprise OSD1-1 and OSD1-2; (5) a complete MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (6) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (7) a complete MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1; (8) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1; (9) a complete MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (10) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (11) a complete MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1; (12) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1; (13) a full MiMe genotype comprising (i) an os allele, wherein the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds is homozygous for the os allele, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (14) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) an os allele, wherein the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds is heterozygous for the os allele, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (15) a full MiMe genotype comprising (i) a ps allele, wherein the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds is homozygous for the ps allele, and (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (16) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) a ps allele, wherein the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds is heterozygous for the ps allele, and (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (17) a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1, and (iv) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (18) a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1, and (iv) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the SPO11-1 locus comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (19) a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1, and (iv) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the SPO11-1 locus comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (20) a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) a ps allele, wherein the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds is heterozygous for the ps allele, (ii) an os allele, wherein the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds is heterozygous for the os allele, (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iv) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; or (21) a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) an os allele, wherein the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds is heterozygous for the os allele, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iv) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

11. The population of claim 1, wherein the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds comprises one or more polynucleotide sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 448-466, 468-471, 474-491, and 493-496.

12. The population of claim 1, wherein germination of seeds of the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds results in sterile plants that produce non-viable gametes, seedless fruit, or a combination thereof.

13. The population of claim 1, wherein the polyploid seed population is from a plant selected from the group consisting of potato, corn, banana, blueberry, blackberry, watermelon, melon, tomato, lycium halophilum, pepper, eggplant, grape, orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, cucumber, zucchini, cucurbita, squash, apple, pear, kiwi, pomegranate, mango, guava, papaya, avocado, stone fruit, date, fig, alfalfa, tobacco, cotton, clover, strawberry, currant, gooseberry, boysenberry, raspberry, artichoke, beet, potato, sweet potato, banana tree, ahipa, mara, nashua, mauka, potato oca, potato bean, yacon, yam, radish, horseradish, turnip, parsnip, sorrel, spinach, bok choy, okra, cashew, pineapple, celery, oat, birch, rapeseed, mustard, tea, safflower seed, cedar, quinoa, chickpea, citron, Clementine, tangerine, mandarin, Clementine, coffee, cola nut, hazelnut, saffron, melon, cantaloupe, carrot, oil palm, teff, sunflower, hemlock, larch, soybean, sunflower, hemlock, larch, rubber tree, kenaf, barley, hops, walnut, larch, lentil, flax, rye grass, maple, orchard grass, rosemary, olive, rice, millet, green bean, snap bean, ground cherry, pine, pistachio, pea, turf grass, poplar, apricot, plum, prune, nectarine, peach, cherry, rose, rubus, rye, sesame, sorghum, spruce, switchgrass, Russian dandelion, cocoa, durum wheat, spelt, wheat, fava bean, cowpea, ginger, kohlrabi, broccoli, and cauliflower.

14. A method of producing the polyploid seed population of claim 1, the method comprising: (a) generating a first parental MiMe plant and a second parental MiMe plant by introducing a genetic modification into one or more candidate lines to produce MiMe alleles in the germplasm of a first parental MiMe plant, a second parental MiMe plant, and / or ancestors thereof, wherein the first parental MiMe plant and the second parental MiMe plant each comprise a full MiMe genotype, and each of the ancestors comprises a partial MiMe genotype, wherein if an ancestor is generated, the ancestor is further crossed to generate the first parental MiMe plant, the second parental MiMe plant, or both; (b) providing clonal gametes from the first parental MiMe plant and the second parental MiMe plant, which together comprise three or more haplotypes; and (c) crossing the clonal gametes to produce the polyploid seed population; wherein the population of polyploid seeds comprises a subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 50% of the total number of seeds, the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds comprising the three or more haplotypes.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the subpopulation of genetically uniform polyploid seeds has a partially complementary MiMe genotype, wherein: (A) (a) the first parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, and only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component; and (b) the second parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at the first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component; and only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component; wherein at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the first parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the second parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles; wherein (i) at least one of the MiMe loci of the third MiMe component of the first parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the third MiMe component of the second parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles, or (ii) the one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component of the first parent MiMe plant that have only MiMe alleles are different from the one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component of the second parent MiMe plant that have only MiMe alleles; wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of (1) a component that is sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component that is a DNA double-strand break during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component that progresses through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component. (B) (a) the first parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, has only MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, and has only non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component; and (b) the second parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component, has only non-MiMe alleles at the first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, and has only MiMe alleles at the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component; wherein at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the first parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the second parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles; wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of (2) components that are DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination, and (4) components that progress through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component; and (C) (a) the first parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a second MiMe component, has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component, and has only non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a fourth MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component is a component that is DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination; (b) the second parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component, has only non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of the second MiMe component, has only non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component, and has only MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of the fourth MiMe component; and wherein at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the first parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the second parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles; wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of (2) components that are DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination, and (4) components that progress through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component; and (a) the first parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a second MiMe component, has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component, and has only non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a fourth MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component is a component that is DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination; (b) the second parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component, has only non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of the second MiMe component, has only non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component, and has only MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of the fourth MiMe component; and wherein at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the first parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the second parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles; wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of (2) components that are DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination, and (4) components that progress through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component; and wherein the second MiMe component, the third MiMe component, and the fourth MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component that adheres sister chromatids during the first division of meiosis, (3) a component that progresses through the second division of meiosis, and (4) a component that progresses through the first division of meiosis, and each of the second MiMe component, the third MiMe component, and the fourth MiMe component is a different MiMe component.

16. A method of producing a polyploid seed population of claim 1, the method comprising: (a) generating a first parental MiMe plant by introducing a genetic modification into one or more candidate lines to produce a MiMe allele in a germplasm of a first parental MiMe plant or an ancestor thereof, wherein the first parental MiMe plant comprises a complete MiMe genotype and each of the ancestors comprises a partial MiMe genotype, wherein if an ancestor is generated, the ancestor is further crossed to generate the first parental MiMe plant; (b) providing a clonal gamete from the first parental MiMe plant; (c) providing a haploid gamete from a homozygous parental non-MiMe plant; and (d) crossing the clonal gamete with the haploid gamete to produce the polyploid seed population, wherein the clonal gamete and the haploid gamete together comprise three or more haplotypes.

17. A method of breeding a polyploid hybrid plant line, the method comprising: (a) obtaining a set of lines of a plant; (b) breeding the lines using traditional plant breeding methods to produce a set of candidate lines of the plant; (c) selecting two or more candidate lines that together comprise three or more haplotypes; (d) generating a first parental MiMe plant and a second parental MiMe plant from the two or more candidate lines that together comprise the three or more haplotypes; (e) providing a clonal gamete from each of the first parental MiMe plant and the second parental MiMe plant; (f) crossing the clonal gametes to produce a hybrid polyploid seed comprising the three or more haplotypes; (g) growing the hybrid polyploid seed to produce a hybrid polyploid plant comprising three or more haplotypes; and (h) evaluating one or more characteristics of the hybrid polyploid plant; the method optionally further comprising (i) repeating steps (b)-(h) or steps (c)-(h), using the one or more characteristics of the hybrid polyploid plant evaluated in step (h) to guide the breeding of lines of step (b), the selection of candidate lines of step (c), or both.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein: (A) (a) the first parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, and only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component; and (b) the second parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at the first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component; and only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component; wherein at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the first parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the second parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles; wherein (i) at least one of the MiMe loci of the third MiMe component of the first parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the third MiMe component of the second parent MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles, or (ii) the one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component of the first parent MiMe plant that have only MiMe alleles are different from the one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component of the second parent MiMe plant that have only MiMe alleles; wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of (1) components that adhere sister chromatids during the first division of meiosis, (2) components that are DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination, and (3) components that progress through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component. (B) (a) the first parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, and only non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component; and (b) the second parent MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at the first MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at the second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component; and only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component; (b) the second parental MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of the second MiMe component, and only MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of the fourth MiMe component; wherein at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the first parental MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the second parental MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles; wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of (2) components that are DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination, and (4) components that progress through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component; and (C) (a) the first parental MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a second MiMe component, only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component, and only non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a fourth MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component is a component that is DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination; (b) the second parental MiMe plant has only MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of the first MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of the second MiMe component, only non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of the third MiMe component, and only MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of the fourth MiMe component; and wherein at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the first parental MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles is the same as at least one of the MiMe loci of the first MiMe component of the second parental MiMe plant that has only MiMe alleles; wherein the second MiMe component, the third MiMe component, and the fourth MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of (1) components that are sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis, (3) components that progress through the second division of meiosis, and (4) components that progress through the first division of meiosis, and each of the second MiMe component, the third MiMe component, and the fourth MiMe component is a different MiMe component.

19. A method of breeding a polyploid hybrid plant line, the method comprising: (a) obtaining a set of lines of a plant; (b) breeding the lines using traditional plant breeding methods to produce a set of candidate lines of the plant; (c) selecting two or more candidate lines that together comprise three or more haplotypes; (d) generating a first parent MiMe plant from one of the two or more candidate lines; (e) providing a clonal gamete from the first parent MiMe plant; (f) providing a haploid gamete from a homozygous parent non-MiMe plant of one of the two or more candidate lines; (g) crossing the clonal gamete with the haploid gamete to produce a hybrid polyploid seed; (h) growing the hybrid polyploid seed to produce a hybrid polyploid plant; and (i) evaluating one or more characteristics of the hybrid polyploid plant, wherein the first parent MiMe plant and the homozygous parent non-MiMe plant together comprise three or more haplotypes, wherein the crossing of step (g) produces the hybrid polyploid seed comprising three or more haplotypes, and wherein the growing of step (h) produces the hybrid polyploid plant comprising three or more haplotypes; the method optionally further comprising (j) repeating steps (b)-(i) or steps (c)-(i), using the one or more characteristics of the hybrid polyploid plant evaluated in step (i) to guide the breeding of lines of step (b), the selection of candidate lines of step (c), or both.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein the first parent MiMe plant, the second parent MiMe plant, the parent non-MiMe plant, or any combination thereof is diploid, triploid, or tetraploid, and the hybrid polyploid plant is tetraploid, pentaploid, hexaploid, heptaploid, or octaploid.

21. The method of claim 17, wherein generating the first parent MiMe plant, the second parent MiMe plant, or both comprises: (1) directly introducing a full MiMe genotype into two candidate lines to produce the first parent MiMe plant, the second parent MiMe plant, or both; (2) introducing a partial MiMe genotype into two candidate lines to produce two ancestral non-MiMe plants each having a partial MiMe genotype, and crossing the ancestral non-MiMe plants each having a partial MiMe genotype to produce the first parent MiMe plant, optionally wherein generating the first parent MiMe plant, the second parent MiMe plant, or both further comprises directly introducing a full MiMe genotype into a third candidate line to produce the second parent MiMe plant; or (3) introducing a partial MiMe genotype into four candidate lines to produce four ancestral non-MiMe plants each having a partial MiMe genotype, and crossing the ancestral non-MiMe plants each having a partial MiMe genotype to produce the first parent MiMe plant and the second parent MiMe plant, optionally wherein generating the first parent MiMe plant, the second parent MiMe plant, or both further comprises propagating the first parent MiMe plant, the second parent MiMe plant, the ancestral non-MiMe plants, or any combination thereof to mass produce homogenous seeds.

22. The method of claim 17, wherein the first parent MiMe plant, the second parent MiMe plant, the allopolyploid plant, or any combination thereof has a complete MiMe genotype comprising: (A) a MiMe allele conferring reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first, second, and third MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component of sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component of progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component; or (B) a MiMe allele conferring reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first and second MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component.

23. The method of claim 17, wherein each ancestral non-MiMe plant, the allopolyploid plant, or a combination thereof has a partial MiMe genotype comprising: (A) (a) one or more MiMe alleles that confer reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of the first, second, and third MiMe components; and (b) one or more non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci in each of the first, second, and third MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component of sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component of progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component; or a MiMe allele conferring reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first and second MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component. (B) (a) one or more MiMe alleles that confer reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of the first and second MiMe components; and (b) one or more non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci in each of the first and second MiMe components, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) components of DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination, and (4) components of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein: (1) the one or more MiMe loci of the component of sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis comprise REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof; (2) the one or more MiMe loci of the component of DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination comprise PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof; (3) the one or more MiMe loci of the component of progression through the second division of meiosis comprise OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof; and / or (4) the one or more MiMe loci of the component of progression through the first division of meiosis comprise PS1, JASON, or a combination thereof.

25. The method of claim 17, wherein the hybrid polyploid plant comprises: (1) a complete MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1; (2) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1; (3) a complete MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (4) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1, optionally wherein the polyploid seed population is from a maize plant and the one or more OSD1 loci comprise OSD1-1 and OSD1-2; (5) a complete MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (6) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (7) a complete MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1; (8) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1; (9) a complete MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (10) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (11) a complete MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1; (12) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1; (13) a complete MiMe genotype comprising (i) an os allele, wherein the allopolyploid plant is homozygous for the os allele, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (14) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) an os allele, wherein the allopolyploid plant is heterozygous for the os allele, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (15) a full MiMe genotype comprising (i) a ps allele, wherein the hybrid polyploid plant is homozygous for the ps allele, and (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (16) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) a ps allele, wherein the hybrid polyploid plant is heterozygous for the ps allele, and (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (17) a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1, and (iv) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (18) a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1, and (iv) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the SPO11-1 locus comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (19) a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1, and (iv) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the SPO11-1 locus comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (20) a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) a ps allele, wherein the allopolyploid plant is heterozygous for the ps allele, (ii) an os allele, wherein the allopolyploid plant is heterozygous for the os allele, (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iv) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; or (21) a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) an os allele, wherein the allopolyploid plant is heterozygous for the os allele, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iv) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

26. The method of claim 17, wherein one or more of the candidate lines of step (c) are inbred lines, hybrid lines, or a combination thereof.

27. The method of claim 21, wherein the full MiMe genotype, the partial MiMe genotype, or both are introduced by gene editing, transgenesis, or a combination thereof.

28. The method of claim 22, wherein the reduced expression of one or more of the MiMe loci is each independently achieved by gene disruption, gene knockout, gene knockdown, gene silencing, RNA interference, or induction of methylation.

29. The method of claim 22, wherein the reduced expression of one or more of the MiMe loci is each independently achieved by introducing into each candidate line or ancestor thereof an insertion, deletion, one or more nucleotide changes, or inversion that results in reduced expression of the MiMe locus, optionally including a step of selecting for reduced expression of the MiMe locus.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the insertion, the deletion, the one or more nucleotide changes, or the inversion eliminates expression of the MiMe locus, optionally wherein the expression of the MiMe locus is eliminated by a premature stop codon present in the 70% of nucleotides following the start codon, the first 60%, the first 50%, the first 40%, the first 30%, the first 20%, or the first 10% of the coding sequence of the MiMe locus in the 3’ direction.

31. A method of producing a population of polyploid seeds, the method comprising: (a) providing clonal gametes from a pair of parental MiMe plants that together comprise two or more haplotypes, the three or more haplotypes being selected using the breeding method of claim 17 based on a polyploid plant comprising the three or more haplotypes having one or more desired characteristics; and (b) crossing the clonal gametes to produce the population of polyploid seeds; wherein the population of polyploid seeds comprises a subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 50% of the total number of seeds, the subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds comprising the three or more haplotypes.

32. A method of producing a population of polyploid seeds, the method comprising: (a) selecting three or more haplotypes using the breeding method of claim 19 based on a polyploid plant comprising the three or more haplotypes having one or more desired characteristics; (b) providing clonal gametes from a parental MiMe plant; (c) providing haploid gametes from a homozygous parental non-MiMe plant; (d) crossing the clonal gametes with the haploid gametes to produce the population of polyploid seeds; wherein the parental MiMe plant and the homozygous parental non-MiMe plant together comprise the three or more haplotypes selected in step (a), wherein the crossing of step (d) produces a subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 50% of the total number of seeds, the subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds comprising the three or more haplotypes.

33. The method of claim 31, wherein the population of polyploid seeds has an average pairwise genetic identity of at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient.

34. The method of claim 31, wherein the population of polyploid seeds comprises the subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds in an amount of at least 70%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% of the total number of seeds.

35. The method of claim 31, wherein each pair of seeds in the subpopulation of genetically identical polyploid seeds has a pairwise identity of at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% as measured by the Jaccard similarity coefficient.

36. A genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell comprising: (A) three or more haplotypes; and (B) (i) a full MiMe genotype comprising MiMe alleles that confer reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first, second, and third MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component of sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component of progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component; ii) a partial MiMe genotype comprising: (a) one or more MiMe alleles that confer reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of the first, second, and third MiMe components; and (b) one or more non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of each of the first, second, and third MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component of sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component of progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component; iii) a full MiMe genotype comprising MiMe alleles that confer reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of a first and second MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component; iv) a partial MiMe genotype comprising: (a) one or more MiMe alleles that confer reduced expression of one or more MiMe loci in each of the first and second MiMe component; and (b) one or more non-MiMe alleles at the one or more MiMe loci of each of the first and second MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component of DNA double-strand breakage during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component of progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component; v) a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising: (a) only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component; (b) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, and one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component; and (c) (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component, or (ii) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of the third MiMe component, and one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the third MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component that is sister chromatid cohesion during the first division of meiosis, (2) a component that is DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination, and (3) a component that is progression through the second division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component, the second MiMe component, and the third MiMe component is a different MiMe component; vi) a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising: (a) only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component; and (b) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a first MiMe locus of a second MiMe component, and one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at a second MiMe locus of the second MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (2) a component that is DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination, and (4) a component that is progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the first MiMe component and the second MiMe component is a different MiMe component; or vii) a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising: (a) only MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a first MiMe component, wherein the first MiMe component is a component that is DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination; (b) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a second MiMe component; (c) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a third MiMe component; and (d) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a fourth MiMe component. (d) one or more MiMe alleles and one or more non-MiMe alleles at one or more MiMe loci of a fourth MiMe component, wherein the second MiMe component, the third MiMe component, and the fourth MiMe component are selected from the group consisting of: (1) a component that sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis, (3) a component that progression through the second division of meiosis, and (4) a component that progression through the first division of meiosis, and each of the second MiMe component, the third MiMe component, and the fourth MiMe component is a different MiMe component.

37. The genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell of claim 36, wherein: (1) the one or more MiMe loci of the component that sister chromatid adhesion during the first division of meiosis comprises REC8, SWITCH1 / DYAD, or a combination thereof; (2) the one or more MiMe loci of the component that DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination comprises PAIR1, SPO11-1, SPO11-2, PRD1, PRD2, DFO, MTOPVIB, DSY1, SY1, SY2, SY3, SY4, or any combination thereof; (3) the one or more MiMe loci of the component that progression through the second division of meiosis comprises OSD1, CYCA1, TDM1, PC1, PC2, FC, or any combination thereof; and / or (4) the one or more MiMe loci of the component that progression through the first division of meiosis comprises PS1, JASON, or a combination thereof.

38. The genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell of claim 36, comprising: (1) a complete MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1; (2) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1; (3) a complete MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (4) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1, optionally wherein the polyploid seed population is from a maize plant and the one or more OSD1 loci comprise OSD1-1 and OSD1-2; (5) a complete MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (6) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (7) a complete MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1; (8) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1; (9) a complete MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (10) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (11) a complete MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1; (12) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1; (13) a complete MiMe genotype comprising (i) an os allele, wherein the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell is homozygous for the os allele, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (14) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) an os allele, wherein the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell is heterozygous for the os allele, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (15) a full MiMe genotype comprising (i) a ps allele, wherein the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell is homozygous for the ps allele, and (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (16) a partial MiMe genotype comprising (i) a ps allele, wherein the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell is heterozygous for the ps allele, and (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (17) a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more OSD1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more OSD1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of OSD1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1, and (iv) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (18) a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1, and (iv) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the SPO11-1 locus comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (19) a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) only MiMe alleles at one or more TDM1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more TDM1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of TDM1, (ii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more PAIR1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more PAIR1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of PAIR1, and (iv) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the SPO11-1 locus comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; (20) a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) a ps allele, wherein the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell is heterozygous for the ps allele, (ii) an os allele, wherein the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell is heterozygous for the os allele, (iii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iv) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1; or (21) a partially complementary MiMe genotype comprising (i) an os allele, wherein the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell is heterozygous for the os allele, (ii) at least one MiMe allele and at least one non-MiMe allele at one or more CYCA1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more CYCA1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of CYCA1, (iii) only MiMe alleles at one or more REC8 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more REC8 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of REC8, and (iv) only MiMe alleles at one or more SPO11-1 loci, wherein each of the MiMe alleles at the one or more SPO11-1 loci comprises one or more genetic modifications that result in reduced expression of SPO11-1.

39. The genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell of claim 36, comprising one or more polynucleotide sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 448-466, 468-471, 474-491, and 493-496.

40. The genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell of claim 36, wherein: (i) the genetically modified plant part is a non-regenerable plant part; or (ii) the genetically modified plant cell is a non-regenerable plant cell.

41. The genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell of claim 36, wherein the plant part is a flower, pistil, leaf, stem, petiole, cutting, tissue, seed coat, ovule, pollen, tuber, root, rootstock, scion, fruit, cotyledon, hypocotyl, protoplast, embryo, anther, or a portion thereof.

42. A processed plant product derived from the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell of claim 36, wherein the processed plant product comprises a detectable amount of one or more MiMe alleles of the genetically modified plant, plant part, or plant cell.

43. The processed plant product of claim 42, wherein the processed plant product: (i) is selected from the group consisting of: plant biomass, oil, meal, edible starch, sugar syrup, animal feed, flour, flakes, bran, linters, hulls, and processed seeds; and / or (ii) is non-renewable.

44. Germplasm of the polyploid seed population of claim 1.

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