Efficient acid soil conditioner based on bagasse ash modification and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and discloses a bagasse ash modification-based efficient acid soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof, and the soil conditioner comprises the following components by mass: 45-55 parts of modified bagasse ash; 15 to 20 parts of modified attapulgite; 5-8 parts of amino acid type chelated calcium; 10 to 5 parts of chitosan-polyphosphoric acid composite gel; 5 to 10 parts of water-soluble sodium silicate; the modified bagasse ash is obtained by mixing bagasse ash with a 1-2 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution according to a liquid-solid ratio of 10: 1-20: 1, soaking for 2-4 hours, washing with water until the pH value is close to neutral, and carrying out carbon heat treatment at 650-750 DEG C for 30-60 minutes. The attapulgite and other natural mineral materials are compounded and modified, so that the soil fertility, the air permeability and the moisture retention capability are remarkably improved, and the soil particle dispersity is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil improvement technology, specifically to a highly efficient acidic soil conditioner based on bagasse ash modification and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In modern agricultural production, soil quality directly affects crop growth and yield. With the continuous development of agricultural practices, problems such as soil acidity, nutrient deficiency, and poor structure have gradually emerged, severely restricting the sustainability of agricultural production. Therefore, effectively improving the physical and chemical properties of soil and enhancing soil fertility has become an urgent task in farmland management.

[0003] In existing technologies, most soil conditioners are based on organic fertilizers or single mineral components, primarily improving soil fertility by providing specific nutrients. These technologies generally effectively improve soil nutrient levels and have a certain degree of improvement effect on specific soil problems, such as acidic soils or soils with low calcium, nitrogen, and phosphorus content. For example, organic fertilizers can increase soil organic matter content, while mineral conditioners can adjust soil pH. Overall, these technologies can address soil fertility problems to some extent and improve the crop growth environment.

[0004] However, the shortcomings of existing technologies are also quite obvious. Single-component soil conditioners often cannot solve multiple soil problems simultaneously, especially in improving soil structure and enhancing water retention capacity. Many traditional conditioners, while able to improve soil fertility in the short term, do not have lasting effects, and soil quality tends to decline again over time. Furthermore, these conditioners often neglect the issue of soil particle dispersion, leading to excessive water loss and poor soil aeration and water retention. Existing technologies lack a sustainable and stable multi-dimensional synergistic effect on soil improvement and cannot effectively address changes in different soil types and environments. Therefore, the technical solution proposed in this invention effectively solves these shortcomings and can provide a more comprehensive and lasting soil improvement effect. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a highly efficient acidic soil conditioner based on bagasse ash modification and its preparation method, solving the problems of unsustainable effects and inability to simultaneously improve soil structure and moisture retention capacity in existing technologies.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a highly efficient acidic soil conditioner based on bagasse ash modification, wherein the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0007] Modified bagasse ash: 45-55 parts. The modified bagasse ash is obtained by mixing bagasse ash with a 1-2 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 10:1-20:1, soaking for 2-4 hours, washing with water until the pH value is close to neutral, and then carbothermic treatment at 650℃-750℃ for 30-60 minutes. Bagasse ash originates from the combustion of agricultural waste bagasse. After modification, it can significantly improve soil amendment effects. Modified bagasse ash can react with acidic substances in the soil through its rich mineral components, inhibiting soil acidity and increasing the soil pH value. Furthermore, modified bagasse ash has good adsorption properties, improving the physical structure of the soil, enhancing soil permeability and air circulation, thereby promoting plant root growth and nutrient absorption. After carbonization treatment, the bagasse ash enhances its adsorption capacity for acidic substances and forms a mineral matrix with strong slow-release effects. The silicon, calcium and other minerals it contains can not only neutralize acidic substances in the soil, but also maintain the appropriate pH value of the soil for a long time through its slow release effect, thus improving the acidic environment of the soil.

[0008] Modified attapulgite: 15-20 parts. Modified attapulgite is an excellent soil amendment material with a high specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity. Its addition can improve the physical structure of the soil, enhance its water retention and aeration, and regulate soil pH. Modified attapulgite can exchange cations with the soil through its surface active sites, thereby promoting the dissolution of minerals in the soil and enhancing the soil's nutrient supply capacity.

[0009] Amino acid chelated calcium: 5-8 parts. Amino acid chelated calcium is a soil conditioner with highly efficient chelating properties. It can improve the availability of calcium in the soil and promote the absorption of calcium by plants. The addition of amino acid chelated calcium not only helps improve soil structure but also enhances the soil's buffering capacity and reduces the acidity of acidic soils. Mechanism analysis: Through the chelation of amino acids and calcium ions, amino acid chelated calcium can stabilize the form of calcium in the soil, preventing calcium loss and precipitation. In this way, calcium can be slowly released into the soil and absorbed by plant roots, improving soil acidity and enhancing plant growth and development.

[0010] Chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel: 10-5 parts. Chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel is a novel soil conditioner with excellent gelling properties and efficient nutrient slow-release function. Chitosan has good biodegradability and can form a composite gel with sodium polyphosphate, enhancing soil moisture retention and improving soil water and fertilizer regulation. Through its gelling properties, the chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel can tightly bind water and nutrients in the soil, effectively mitigating water loss and nutrient volatilization. Simultaneously, the addition of sodium polyphosphate helps release nutrients slowly, further promoting healthy plant growth. Furthermore, chitosan's biodegradability and affinity make it an environmentally friendly and highly effective soil conditioner.

[0011] Water-soluble sodium silicate: 5-10 parts. As a key component of this invention, water-soluble sodium silicate has a strong silicon supply capacity, which can improve the mineral composition of the soil and enhance its stability and wind erosion resistance. Sodium silicate can regulate soil structure, improve its permeability, and promote plant root development. Water-soluble sodium silicate can react with elements such as aluminum and iron in the soil to form aluminosilicates, improving soil pH. Simultaneously, sodium silicate can also enhance the binding force between soil particles, improve soil structure, and increase soil compressive strength and wind erosion resistance.

[0012] This invention also provides a method for preparing a highly efficient acidic soil conditioner based on bagasse ash modification, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1. Prepare the modified bagasse ash, modified attapulgite, amino acid-type chelated calcium, chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel and water-soluble sodium silicate according to the mass proportions, and prepare an appropriate amount of deionized water.

[0014] S2. Mix the modified bagasse ash, modified attapulgite, amino acid-type chelated calcium, chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel and water-soluble sodium silicate until the slurry is completely dispersed.

[0015] S3. Control the moisture content of the slurry between 35% and 45%;

[0016] S4. Spray dry the mixed slurry under the following conditions: inlet air temperature 150℃-180℃, outlet air temperature 75℃-90℃, atomization pressure 0.6-0.8MPa, until granular soil conditioner is obtained.

[0017] S5. Cool the obtained granular soil conditioner, sieve it, and store it in a dry, airtight environment. Preferably, in step S1, the preparation by mass percentage specifically includes the following steps:

[0018] After accurately weighing the modified bagasse ash, modified attapulgite, amino acid-type chelated calcium, chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel and water-soluble sodium silicate according to the mass fractions, add an appropriate amount of deionized water and stir evenly until all components are completely dissolved or dispersed.

[0019] The initial batching process of the modifier involves accurately weighing modified bagasse ash, modified attapulgite, amino acid-type chelated calcium, chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel, and water-soluble sodium silicate according to their mass proportions, adding an appropriate amount of deionized water, and stirring until all components are completely dissolved or dispersed. The key to this step is ensuring uniform dispersion of the raw materials without precipitation or stratification, avoiding uneven proportions that could affect subsequent preparation processes. The core purpose of this process is to ensure uniform mixing of all components, facilitating the subsequent spray drying process. Modified bagasse ash and modified attapulgite have strong adsorption properties, while amino acid-type chelated calcium and chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel participate in the dispersion process in this step. Water-soluble sodium silicate acts as a dissolving medium, providing lubrication and promoting dispersion, ensuring that the components dissolve or disperse quickly and uniformly in water.

[0020] Preferably, in step S2, the process of uniform stirring and complete dispersion of the slurry specifically includes the following steps:

[0021] Modified bagasse ash, modified attapulgite, amino acid-type chelated calcium, chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel and water-soluble sodium silicate are added to a stirrer and stirred at 300-500 rpm for 15-30 minutes to ensure that the components are evenly mixed and a uniform slurry is obtained.

[0022] The process involves mixing and stirring all components until homogeneous. Specifically, the stirring speed is controlled at 300-500 rpm, and the stirring time is 15-30 minutes. The key to this process is ensuring complete integration of all components, preventing sedimentation or adhesion. Adjusting the stirring speed and time effectively promotes the thorough mixing of modified bagasse ash, modified attapulgite, amino acid-based chelated calcium, and chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel in the aqueous phase. Due to their surface activity, modified bagasse ash and modified attapulgite can better interact with other components to form a stable slurry structure. The amino acid-based chelated calcium and sodium polyphosphate in the chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel may form a more stable complex through chemical action, further enhancing the effectiveness of the soil conditioner.

[0023] Preferably, in step S3, controlling the moisture content of the slurry specifically includes the following steps:

[0024] Deionized water is gradually added to the mixed slurry, and the water content of the slurry is controlled between 35% and 45% by adjusting the stirring speed and the amount of water added.

[0025] The moisture content of the slurry should be controlled within the range of 35%-45%. This is to ensure optimal drying during spray drying while avoiding excessively thin or viscous slurries that could lead to difficulties in subsequent operations. The moisture content of the slurry is a key factor affecting particle formation and drying speed during spray drying. Appropriate moisture content helps improve particle uniformity and flowability. For highly adsorbent components such as modified bagasse ash and modified attapulgite, a suitable moisture ratio helps improve their dispersibility, prevents agglomeration, and thus ensures the quality of the final product.

[0026] Preferably, in step S4, the spray drying specifically includes the following steps:

[0027] The mixed slurry is fed into a spray dryer. The inlet air temperature of the spray dryer is adjusted to 150℃-180℃ and the outlet air temperature is adjusted to 75℃-90℃ to ensure that the material is dried evenly into granules.

[0028] During the spray drying process, the slurry is fed into a spray dryer with the following conditions: inlet air temperature 150℃-180℃, outlet air temperature 75℃-90℃, and atomization pressure 0.6-0.8MPa. The purpose of this process is to transform the slurry into granular soil conditioner through spray drying. The core mechanism involves rapidly evaporating the moisture in the slurry with hot air, causing the solid components to form granular material in a short time. A higher inlet air temperature accelerates moisture evaporation, while a lower outlet air temperature helps control the quality of the granules, preventing the granule surfaces from becoming too fragile.

[0029] Preferably, in step S5, the cooling, sieving, and storage specifically include the following steps:

[0030] After the spray-dried granular soil conditioner has cooled naturally to room temperature, it is sieved through a screen to remove unqualified particles, and qualified products are stored in a dry, airtight environment with a relative humidity of no more than 50%.

[0031] The spray-dried granular soil conditioner undergoes cooling, sieving, and storage. After cooling, the product is sieved to remove substandard particles, ensuring the final soil conditioner meets usage requirements. It is then stored in a low-humidity environment. The cooling and sieving processes ensure the uniformity and quality stability of the granular soil conditioner. Cooling alleviates potential thermal stress during drying, preventing particle breakage. The sieving step removes particles that are not sized correctly, ensuring the final product does not affect the overall soil structure or crop growth during use. Finally, storage in a low-humidity environment prevents the particles from absorbing moisture and clumping, maintaining the stability of the soil conditioner.

[0032] This invention provides a highly efficient acidic soil conditioner based on bagasse ash modification and its preparation method.

[0033] It has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. This invention employs a combined application of modified bagasse ash and modified attapulgite, achieving significant improvements in soil fertility and optimization of soil structure. Compared to existing single-component soil conditioners, this technology, through the synergistic effect of multiple components, can increase the content of available nutrients in the soil while simultaneously improving soil acidity, thus solving the problem of insufficient fertility enhancement during soil improvement.

[0035] 2. This invention employs a chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel addition technique, achieving a prolonged effect of soil conditioner efficacy. Compared to traditional soil conditioners, this invention significantly improves soil moisture retention and wind erosion resistance through slow nutrient release and enhanced soil aggregation. This allows the soil to maintain its conditioner effect for a longer period, solving the problem of short-lived efficacy of existing soil conditioners.

[0036] 3. This invention employs a technical solution of rationally adjusting the amount of modified attapulgite, achieving a significant improvement in soil particle dispersibility. Compared to existing soil conditioners with poor particle dispersibility, this invention, by precisely controlling the amount of modified attapulgite, avoids excessive water loss and solves the problems of poor soil permeability and waterlogging.

[0037] 4. This invention employs a holistic formula optimization technique, achieving the technical effect of enhancing long-term soil stability. Unlike single soil conditioners in traditional technologies, the composite soil conditioner of this invention, through the synergistic effect of multiple mechanisms, can effectively improve the soil structure and physicochemical properties, providing a more stable growth environment, thereby reducing the adverse effects of soil variability and short-term effects in traditional methods. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Unless otherwise stated, the raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available products or can be prepared by known methods.

[0041] The raw materials used in the following examples and comparative examples are from the following sources:

[0042] The modified bagasse ash was purchased from Jiangsu Sanfu New Material Technology Co., Ltd., model number GX-SC-01;

[0043] The amino acid chelated calcium was purchased from Shandong Zhucheng Haotian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., model number HTCa-01.

[0044] Chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel was purchased from Qingdao Boyite Biomaterials Co., Ltd., model number CS / STPP-50.

[0045] Please see the appendix Figure 1 :

[0046] Example 1:

[0047] Composition ratio: Modified bagasse ash: 50 parts, modified attapulgite: 18 parts, amino acid chelated calcium: 7 parts, chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel: 8 parts, water-soluble sodium silicate: 7 parts.

[0048] Preparation steps:

[0049] S1: Ingredient preparation and mixing:

[0050] Weigh each component precisely according to its mass percentage. First, add the modified bagasse ash and modified attapulgite to a mixer, then add deionized water and stir until completely dissolved. Next, add amino acid-type chelated calcium, chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel, and water-soluble sodium silicate, and continue stirring for 30 minutes to ensure all components are evenly dispersed.

[0051] S2: Adjust moisture content:

[0052] The moisture content of the slurry was adjusted to -40% by gradually adding deionized water.

[0053] S3: Spray drying:

[0054] The slurry was fed into a spray dryer, with the inlet air temperature set to 170℃, the outlet air temperature to 85℃, and the atomization pressure set to 0.7MPa. Spray drying was performed for 30 minutes to obtain granular soil conditioner.

[0055] S4: Cooling and screening:

[0056] After spray drying, allow the granular soil conditioner to cool naturally to room temperature, then sieve it to remove any substandard particles. Store in a dry, airtight environment.

[0057] Example 2:

[0058] Composition ratio: Modified bagasse ash: 45 parts, modified attapulgite: 15 parts, amino acid chelated calcium: 6 parts, chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel: 6 parts, water-soluble sodium silicate: 10 parts.

[0059] Preparation steps:

[0060] S1: Ingredient preparation and mixing:

[0061] Weigh each of the above components precisely according to their mass percentages. Add the modified bagasse ash and modified attapulgite to the mixer, followed by deionized water, and stir until homogeneous. Then add the amino acid-type chelated calcium, chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel, and water-soluble sodium silicate, and stir for 30 minutes to ensure uniform dispersion of the components.

[0062] S2: Adjust moisture content:

[0063] The moisture content of the slurry was adjusted to -38% by gradually adding deionized water.

[0064] S3: Adjust moisture content:

[0065] The slurry was fed into a spray dryer, the inlet air temperature was adjusted to 160℃, the outlet air temperature to 80℃, the atomization pressure to 0.6MPa, and the spray drying was carried out for 30 minutes to obtain granular soil conditioner.

[0066] S4: Adjust moisture content:

[0067] After spray drying, allow the granular soil conditioner to cool naturally to room temperature, then sieve it to remove any substandard particles. Store in a dry, airtight environment.

[0068] Example 3:

[0069] Composition ratio: Modified bagasse ash: 55 parts, modified attapulgite: 20 parts, amino acid chelated calcium: 5 parts, chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel: 7 parts, water-soluble sodium silicate: 8 parts.

[0070] Preparation steps:

[0071] S1: Ingredient preparation and mixing:

[0072] Weigh each component precisely according to its mass percentage. Add the modified bagasse ash and modified attapulgite to the mixer, add an appropriate amount of deionized water, and stir until homogeneous. Then add the amino acid-type chelated calcium, chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel, and water-soluble sodium silicate, and stir for 30 minutes to ensure uniform dispersion of the slurry.

[0073] S2: Adjust moisture content:

[0074] Adjust the moisture content of the slurry to -42% based on the actual situation.

[0075] S3: Spray drying:

[0076] The adjusted slurry is fed into a spray dryer, the inlet air temperature is set to 175℃, the outlet air temperature to 85℃, the atomization pressure to 0.75MPa, and spray drying is carried out for 30 minutes to obtain granular soil conditioner.

[0077] S4: Cooling and screening:

[0078] Allow the dried granular soil conditioner to cool naturally to room temperature, then sieve it to remove any defective particles. Store in a dry, airtight environment to prevent moisture absorption.

[0079] Comparative Example 1: The difference from Example 1 is the removal of the chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel; otherwise, they are the same.

[0080] Comparative Example 2: Compared with Example 1, the difference is that water-soluble sodium silicate is replaced with ammonium sulfate, and all other aspects are the same.

[0081] Comparative Example 3: Compared with Example 2, the difference is that the modified bagasse ash was removed, and only modified attapulgite was used as the base of the soil conditioner; otherwise, they are the same.

[0082] Comparative Example 4: Compared with Example 2, the difference is that the spray drying process was cancelled and replaced with natural drying, otherwise the same.

[0083] Comparative Example 5: Compared with Example 3, the difference is that the amount of modified attapulgite used was reduced by 10 parts, and the rest were the same.

[0084] Comparative Example 6: Compared with Example 3, the difference is that the moisture content of the slurry was adjusted to -35%, and all other aspects are the same.

[0085] Experiment 1:

[0086] Experimental objective: To test the differences in soil acidity improvement effects between Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

[0087] Experimental steps:

[0088] Soil preparation:

[0089] Select the same type of acidic soil (pH value of approximately 5.2); mix the soils to ensure consistency between each soil sample group.

[0090] Grouping and fertilization:

[0091] The mixed soil was divided into 4 groups:

[0092] Example 1 group: using the soil conditioner of Example 1;

[0093] Comparative Example 1: Soil conditioner (chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel removed) used in Comparative Example 1;

[0094] Comparative Example 2: The soil conditioner used in Comparative Example 2 was replaced with ammonium sulfate instead of water-soluble sodium silicate.

[0095] Control group: No soil conditioner was applied; only the original soil was used.

[0096] Apply soil conditioner:

[0097] Apply the same mass of soil conditioner to each soil group (apply at a rate of 1 kg per square meter according to the instructions for use of each conditioner);

[0098] Apply the soil conditioner evenly using the same method and gently mix it into the soil;

[0099] Management during the experiment:

[0100] Record the soil pH value weekly until the end of the experiment (total 6 weeks);

[0101] Samples are collected weekly to measure the available calcium, nitrogen, and phosphorus content in the soil using standardized testing methods (e.g., using soil testers and chemical analysis).

[0102] Record the plant growth status, and plant the same type of plant (such as tomato or wheat) in each sample block.

[0103] Test items:

[0104] Soil pH value;

[0105] Soil organic matter content;

[0106] Effective calcium, nitrogen, and phosphorus content;

[0107] Plant growth status (such as plant height, leaf area, root development, etc.).

[0108] Data recording after the experiment:

[0109] After the experiment, soil and plant samples from each group were collected, analyzed, and the data were recorded.

[0110] The soil improvement effects of each group were compared, with a focus on changes in soil pH, nutrient levels, and plant growth (experimental results are shown in Table 1).

[0111] Table 1: Comparative Experimental Data on Soil Improvement Effects

[0112]

[0113] From Table 1, we can obtain:

[0114] The soil conditioner of Example 1 exhibits significant advantages in improving soil acidity, enhancing nutrient levels, and promoting plant growth. This effect is primarily attributed to the synergistic effect of its various components. In Example 1, the combination of modified bagasse ash and modified attapulgite plays a crucial role. The abundant minerals and organic matter in the modified bagasse ash provide the soil with essential nutrients such as calcium, nitrogen, and phosphorus, while its microporous structure helps improve soil aeration and moisture retention. Meanwhile, the modified attapulgite possesses strong adsorption capacity, effectively adsorbing harmful substances and excess moisture from the soil, further optimizing soil structure. The interaction of these components significantly increases the soil pH, effectively improving soil acidity.

[0115] Furthermore, the addition of chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel, as a natural polysaccharide, plays a role in promoting nutrient exchange and enhancing soil structure in soil conditioners. Its molecular structure not only forms stable complexes but also gradually releases elements such as calcium and phosphorus into the soil, providing nutrients needed for plant growth. The high molecular weight properties of chitosan also enable it to act as a binder in the soil, enhancing the aggregation of soil particles and thus improving the soil's water retention capacity and resistance to wind erosion. These factors work together to improve the soil's physical and chemical properties and promote the growth and development of plant roots.

[0116] In contrast, Comparative Example 1, which removed the chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel, showed relatively poor results. The absence of the chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel means a lack of effective nutrient release sources in the soil, leading to reduced availability of elements such as calcium and phosphorus, and affecting soil particle aggregation. Although modified bagasse ash and modified attapulgite still provided some improvement, the lack of synergistic effect from chitosan meant that the soil improvement effect did not reach the optimal level of Example 1. Furthermore, the addition of chitosan increased soil adhesion, facilitated the slow release of nutrients, and prolonged the action time of the soil conditioner, thereby maintaining soil stability for a longer period.

[0117] Experiment 2:

[0118] Experimental objective: To test the differences in soil fertility improvement effects between Example 2 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4.

[0119] Experimental steps:

[0120] Soil preparation:

[0121] Choose the same type of infertile soil to ensure that the initial nutrient content of the soil is low and the pH value is about 5.8;

[0122] Mix the soil evenly and prepare a sufficient sample size to ensure that the amount of soil is consistent for each group of experiments.

[0123] Grouping and application of soil conditioner:

[0124] Divide the prepared soil into four groups:

[0125] Example 2 group: using the soil conditioner of Example 2;

[0126] Comparative Example 3: Soil conditioner (removed modified bagasse ash) used in Comparative Example 3;

[0127] Comparative Example 4: The soil conditioner used in Comparative Example 4 was replaced with natural drying instead of spray drying.

[0128] Control group: No soil conditioner was applied; only the original soil was used.

[0129] Apply soil conditioner:

[0130] Apply the soil conditioner evenly to each group of soil at a rate of 1 kg per square meter;

[0131] Use appropriate tools to thoroughly mix the soil amendment with the soil, ensuring that the amendment is evenly distributed in each soil sample.

[0132] Management during the experiment:

[0133] Record the soil pH value weekly and measure the available calcium, nitrogen, and phosphorus content in the soil.

[0134] Nutrient changes in each soil group were recorded at weeks 1, 3, 6, and 9 after the application of the soil amendment.

[0135] Conduct plant growth experiments, observe and record the growth of plants (such as plant height, root development, leaf area, etc.);

[0136] Each group was planted using the same type of plant, such as tomatoes or wheat.

[0137] Test items:

[0138] Soil pH value;

[0139] Effective calcium, nitrogen, and phosphorus content;

[0140] Plant height (cm);

[0141] Leaf area (cm²) 2 );

[0142] Root development status (cm);

[0143] Data recording after the experiment:

[0144] At the end of the experiment, soil and plant samples were collected from each group, chemically analyzed, and the data were recorded.

[0145] The fertility improvement effects of each group of soils were compared, with a focus on observing changes in available calcium, nitrogen, and phosphorus, and assessing the impact of removing modified bagasse ash on soil fertility (experimental results are shown in Table 2).

[0146] Table 2: Comparative Experimental Data on Soil Improvement Effects

[0147]

[0148] From Table 2, we can obtain:

[0149] The soil conditioner in Example 2 demonstrated significant advantages in improving soil fertility and promoting plant growth. This effect can be attributed to the synergistic effect of modified bagasse ash and modified attapulgite. Modified bagasse ash, as a key component of the soil conditioner, is rich in minerals and organic matter, with nutrients such as calcium, nitrogen, and phosphorus playing a crucial role in improving soil fertility. Through its unique physical and chemical properties, modified bagasse ash effectively increases soil nutrient content and improves soil structure and aeration. This effect facilitates the absorption of nutrients from the soil by plant roots, thereby promoting plant growth.

[0150] In the soil conditioner of Example 2, the use of modified attapulgite is also a key factor. Modified attapulgite, through its strong adsorption properties, can fix nutrients in the soil, especially calcium, nitrogen, and phosphorus, thereby improving the availability and utilization of these nutrients. Simultaneously, modified attapulgite can improve the structure of soil particles, increase soil aggregation, make the soil more structured, prevent excessive water loss, and improve soil water retention. These properties work together to enhance soil fertility and provide a continuous supply of nutrients to plants, thus promoting healthy plant growth.

[0151] In contrast, the three control groups without modified bagasse ash showed relatively lower soil fertility and plant growth effects. Although modified attapulgite could still improve soil structure, the lack of abundant nutrients and organic matter in modified bagasse ash meant that overall soil fertility could not be effectively improved. The removal of modified bagasse ash led to a significant decrease in the content of nutrients such as calcium, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the soil, affecting the absorption efficiency of plant roots and consequently impacting plant growth rate and health. These experimental results demonstrate that modified bagasse ash plays an indispensable role in soil improvement, and it has a decisive impact on improving soil fertility and promoting plant growth.

[0152] Experiment 3:

[0153] Experimental objective: To test the difference in soil particle dispersibility between Example 3 and Comparative Example 5.

[0154] Experimental steps:

[0155] Soil preparation:

[0156] Choose the same type of clay soil, with an initial soil pH of 6.0 and relatively uniform particle distribution in the soil.

[0157] The soil was thoroughly mixed to ensure that the particle composition of each soil sample was consistent.

[0158] Grouping and application of soil conditioner:

[0159] The mixed soil was divided into four groups:

[0160] Example 3 group: using the soil conditioner of Example 3;

[0161] Comparative Example 5: The soil conditioner used in Comparative Example 5 was reduced (the amount of modified attapulgite used was reduced);

[0162] Comparative Example 6: The soil conditioner used in Comparative Example 6 (adjusted to slurry moisture content -35%) was used.

[0163] Control group: No soil conditioner was applied; only the original soil was used.

[0164] Apply soil conditioner:

[0165] Apply the soil conditioner evenly to each group of soil at a rate of 1 kg per square meter;

[0166] Use appropriate tools to mix the soil conditioner evenly with the soil, ensuring that the conditioner is evenly distributed in each sample.

[0167] Management during the experiment:

[0168] Record soil parameters such as pH, particle size distribution, and moisture content weekly, and observe changes in the dispersibility of particles in the soil.

[0169] Particle size distribution was tested using a sieve method, and the average particle size of each group of soil particles was recorded.

[0170] During the experiment, the soil moisture content was measured periodically, and the dispersibility and aggregation of particles were assessed.

[0171] Test items:

[0172] Soil pH value;

[0173] Soil particle distribution;

[0174] Soil moisture content;

[0175] Particle aggregation and dispersibility;

[0176] Data recording after the experiment:

[0177] At the end of the experiment, soil samples were collected from each group, particle distribution analysis was performed, and the data were recorded.

[0178] The soil particle dispersibility of each group was compared to evaluate the effect of reducing the amount of modified attapulgite on soil particle dispersibility (experimental results are shown in Table 3).

[0179] Table 3: Comparative Experimental Data on Soil Particle Dispersion

[0180]

[0181] From Table 3, we can obtain:

[0182] The soil conditioner in Example 3 demonstrated a significant effect in improving soil particle dispersibility. The mechanism of this effect can be analyzed from the composition and action of the soil conditioner. First, modified attapulgite played a key role in this experiment. Modified attapulgite has extremely strong adsorption capacity, capable of adsorbing water and nutrients in the soil, promoting the formation of strong binding forces between soil particles, thereby improving soil aggregation. Simultaneously, the physical structure of modified attapulgite can form micropores in the soil, further improving soil permeability, enhancing soil moisture distribution and retention capacity, thus effectively promoting soil particle dispersibility.

[0183] Furthermore, the soil conditioner formulation in Example 3, while maintaining high particle dispersibility, also helps control the soil's moisture retention and release characteristics. By increasing the amount of modified attapulgite, the soil moisture loss rate is moderate, helping to avoid excessive water loss or retention. The structure of modified attapulgite allows soil moisture to remain stable within a reasonable range, thus contributing to long-term soil improvement. In contrast, in Comparative Example 5, where the amount of modified attapulgite was reduced, the soil particles exhibited poor dispersibility and strong agglomeration, resulting in poor soil aeration and moisture retention capacity, thus limiting the soil improvement effect.

[0184] Finally, Example 3 successfully achieved effective dispersion of soil particles and improved soil structure by optimizing the amount of modified attapulgite used. This result demonstrates that, in soil conditioners, the appropriate amount of modified attapulgite is a key factor in improving soil particle dispersion, increasing soil aeration and water retention capacity. By adjusting this parameter, the physical and chemical properties of the soil were significantly improved, and the plant growth environment was optimized, thus contributing to the long-term health and sustainable use of the soil.

[0185] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A highly efficient acidic soil conditioner based on bagasse ash modification, characterized in that, The soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: Modified bagasse ash: 45-55 parts; Modified attapulgite: 15-20 parts; Amino acid chelated calcium: 5-8 parts; Chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel: 10-5 parts; Water-soluble sodium silicate: 5-10 parts.

2. The high-efficiency acidic soil conditioner based on bagasse ash modification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modified bagasse ash is obtained by mixing bagasse ash with a 1-2 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution at a liquid-solid ratio of 10:1-20:1, soaking for 2-4 hours, washing with water until the pH value is close to neutral, and then carbothermic treatment at 650℃-750℃ for 30-60 minutes.

3. The high-efficiency acidic soil conditioner based on bagasse ash modification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amino acid-type chelated calcium is obtained by mixing CaCl2 with a mixed amino acid solution in a molar ratio of 2:1-3:1, controlling the reaction pH to 5.5-6.0, and reacting for 30-60 minutes.

4. The high-efficiency acidic soil conditioner based on bagasse ash modification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel is formed by mixing chitosan in a 1% acetic acid aqueous solution with sodium polyphosphate at a mass ratio of 1:1-2:1, ultrasonically treating for 10-20 minutes, forming a gel, and then adding 20% ​​water-soluble sodium silicate solution to make the final mass ratio of the composite system 5-10%.

5. A method for preparing a high-efficiency acidic soil conditioner based on bagasse ash modification, characterized in that, The preparation of a high-efficiency acidic soil conditioner based on bagasse ash modification according to any one of claims 1-4 comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare the modified bagasse ash, modified attapulgite, amino acid-type chelated calcium, chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel and water-soluble sodium silicate according to the mass proportions, and prepare an appropriate amount of deionized water. S2. Mix the modified bagasse ash, modified attapulgite, amino acid-type chelated calcium, chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel and water-soluble sodium silicate until the slurry is completely dispersed. S3. Control the moisture content of the slurry between 35% and 45%; S4. Spray dry the mixed slurry under the following conditions: inlet air temperature 150℃-180℃, outlet air temperature 75℃-90℃, atomization pressure 0.6-0.8MPa, until granular soil conditioner is obtained. S5. Cool the obtained granular soil conditioner, sieve it, and store it in a dry, airtight environment.

6. The method for preparing a high-efficiency acidic soil conditioner based on bagasse ash modification according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S1, the preparation by mass percentage specifically includes the following steps: After accurately weighing the modified bagasse ash, modified attapulgite, amino acid-type chelated calcium, chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel, and water-soluble sodium silicate according to the mass fractions, add an appropriate amount of deionized water and stir evenly until all components are completely dissolved or dispersed.

7. The method for preparing a high-efficiency acidic soil conditioner based on bagasse ash modification according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, the process of uniform mixing and complete dispersion of the slurry specifically includes the following steps: Modified bagasse ash, modified attapulgite, amino acid-type chelated calcium, chitosan-polyphosphate composite gel and water-soluble sodium silicate are added to a stirrer and stirred at 300-500 rpm for 15-30 minutes to ensure uniform mixing of the components and obtain a homogeneous slurry.

8. The method for preparing a high-efficiency acidic soil conditioner based on bagasse ash modification according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S3, controlling the moisture content of the slurry specifically includes the following steps: Deionized water is gradually added to the mixed slurry, and the water content of the slurry is controlled between 35% and 45% by adjusting the stirring speed and the amount of water added.

9. The method for preparing a high-efficiency acidic soil conditioner based on bagasse ash modification according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S4, the spray drying specifically includes the following steps: The mixed slurry is fed into a spray dryer. The inlet air temperature of the spray dryer is adjusted to 150℃-180℃ and the outlet air temperature is adjusted to 75℃-90℃ to ensure that the material is dried uniformly into granules.

10. The method for preparing a high-efficiency acidic soil conditioner based on bagasse ash modification according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S5, the cooling, sieving, and storage specifically include the following steps: After the spray-dried granular soil conditioner has cooled naturally to room temperature, it is sieved through a screen to remove unqualified particles. Qualified products are then stored in a dry, sealed environment with a relative humidity not exceeding 50%.

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