Staged energy dissipation and seismic mitigation type anchor rod reinforcing device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and discloses a staged energy dissipation and shock absorption type anchor rod reinforcing device which comprises a first reaming section, a second reaming section and an anchoring section which are arranged on a reinforced rock mass in sequence, the first reaming section is provided with an anchor rod extending towards the second reaming section, and the anchoring section is provided with an anchoring structure connected with the anchor rod. The outer side of the anchoring structure is coated with a concrete anchoring layer located on the anchoring section, and a first blocking piece used for blocking the concrete anchoring layer is arranged between the anchoring section and the second reaming section. The vibration stress buffering strength in the anchor rod reinforcing process is improved; the vibration stress of the anchor rod can be released in a multi-time elastic energy dissipation and radial conversion mode, fatigue of a single component is avoided, and the multi-time vibration impact effect can be resisted; the plugging operation of grouting reinforcement slurry can be achieved, the grouting reinforcement effect is improved, slurry leakage is avoided, the anchor rod reinforcement strength is improved, and the safety of an anchor rod reinforcement project is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering technology, and in particular to a staged energy-dissipating and vibration-damping anchor reinforcement device. Background Technology

[0002] The mountainous areas of southwestern my country are mostly high-intensity earthquake zones. Construction projects in these zones, including transportation, water conservancy, and mining, all require anchor reinforcement to improve the stability of slopes or tunnels. Traditional prestressed anchors primarily provide static support, but they have significant limitations under dynamic loads such as earthquakes and blasting.

[0003] Conventional anchor bolts (such as mortar-bonded anchor bolts) rely on static friction at the rock-soil interface to resist loads, making them prone to interface slippage failure under dynamic loads. Statistics show that approximately 65% ​​of anchor bolt fractures during earthquakes are caused by brittle failure due to instantaneous dynamic load exceeding limits. Existing anchor bolts lack active energy dissipation design, and vibration energy is directly transferred to the anchoring system, exacerbating anchor bolt fatigue damage. Although some improved anchor bolts (such as sleeve anchor bolts) allow for a certain degree of deformation, relying solely on material plastic deformation for energy dissipation results in an efficiency of less than 30%, and residual deformation is irreversible.

[0004] Therefore, establishing a multi-stage energy transfer structure model of corrugated steel pipe compression, viscoelastic shear, and frictional slip, and proposing a novel staged energy-dissipating and vibration-damping anchor reinforcement device is of great significance for the safety of slopes or tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a staged energy-dissipating and vibration-damping anchor reinforcement device.

[0006] The present invention is achieved by the following technical solution: a staged energy-dissipating and vibration-damping anchor reinforcement device, comprising a first enlarged hole section, a second enlarged hole section, and an anchoring section arranged sequentially on the reinforced rock mass. The first enlarged hole section is provided with an anchor rod extending into the second enlarged hole section. The anchoring section is provided with an anchoring structure connected to the anchor rod. The outside of the anchoring structure is covered with a concrete anchoring layer located in the anchoring section. A sealing component one is provided between the anchoring section and the second enlarged hole section for sealing the concrete anchoring layer. The second enlarged hole section is provided with a telescopic guide mechanism located on the anchor rod. The first enlarged hole section is provided with an energy-dissipating buffer mechanism located on the anchor rod. A sealing layer connected to the first enlarged hole section is provided outside the energy-dissipating buffer mechanism. A sealing component two is provided between the first enlarged hole section and the second enlarged hole section for sealing the sealing layer. A fixing mechanism is provided at the opening of the first enlarged hole section for fixing the anchor rod and for adjusting the tension of the sealing component one and the sealing component two.

[0007] The energy-consuming buffer mechanism includes an energy-consuming box disposed within the first enlarged hole section and sleeved on the outer ring of the anchor rod. The inner wall of the energy-consuming box is filled with an annular energy-dissipating layer. A friction plate assembly is disposed on the inner side of the energy-dissipating layer. The energy-dissipating layer is made of elastic material. An annular spring is connected to the side of the friction plate assembly near the second enlarged hole section, and the spring abuts against the end of the telescopic guide mechanism.

[0008] As a further improvement to the above solution, the anchoring structure includes an anchor rod one fixed to the front end of the anchor rod and extending towards the anchoring section. The front end of the anchor rod one is provided with an anchor rod cone head, and the anchor rod cone head has a grouting hole communicating with the anchor rod one. Both the anchor rod and the anchor rod one are annular hollow structures. The outer side of the anchor rod one is provided with a reinforcing thread, which can improve the connection stability with the concrete anchoring layer. The hollow grouting operation is realized by using the anchor rod one and the anchor rod cone head.

[0009] As a further improvement to the above solution, the first sealing component includes a baffle with an annular structure sleeved on the outer ring of the anchoring structure and fixed to the end of the energy-dissipating buffer mechanism. A sealing ring with an annular structure is fixed to the other side of the baffle. An extrusion plate with an annular structure that slides and engages with the anchoring structure is installed on the other side of the sealing ring. The sealing ring is made of elastic rubber material. A pull rope is connected to the side of the extrusion plate near the baffle. A snap-fit ​​ball is fixed to the other end of the pull rope. The second sealing component has the same structure as the first sealing component.

[0010] As a further improvement to the above solution, the telescopic guiding mechanism includes a ring-shaped damping layer disposed on the outside of the anchor bolt. The inner ring of the damping layer is provided with a flange, a bionic connecting section and a corrugated sleeve arranged in sequence. The flange, the bionic connecting section and the corrugated sleeve are all fixedly sleeved on the outer ring of the anchor bolt. The outer ring of the bionic connecting section has a channel three for the passage of the second sealing component and the first sealing component. The damping layer is made of high-damping butyl rubber. The damping layer is bonded to the flange, the bionic connecting section and the corrugated sleeve by a high-temperature vulcanization process.

[0011] As a further improvement to the above solution, the fixing mechanism includes a pad plate set at the opening of the first enlarged section, an arc-shaped tray fixed to one side of the pad plate, a locking plate slidably sleeved on the anchor rod for tensioning and locking the second sealing component and the first sealing component, and a locking nut fixed to the anchor rod on the other side of the tray.

[0012] As a further improvement to the above solution, the locking plate includes a tensioning plate that is slidably sleeved on the outer ring of the anchor rod. An extension channel extending towards its axis is provided on the outer side of the tensioning plate, and an arc-shaped locking groove is provided at one end of the extension channel that extends into the tensioning plate.

[0013] As a further improvement to the above solution, the friction plate assembly includes a friction element and a support element. The friction element includes a sliding tube sleeved on the outer ring of the anchor rod. A first blocking plate is fixedly sleeved on the outer ring of the sliding tube and distributed sequentially along its length. A friction plate with an annular structure is fixedly sleeved on the outer ring of the first blocking plate. A channel for the passage of the second sealing element and the first sealing element is passed through the outer ring of the friction plate. The support element includes a support tube disposed on the outer ring of the sliding tube and coaxially arranged with the sliding tube. A second blocking plate is fixedly sleeved on the inner ring of the support tube and distributed sequentially along its length. A contact plate with an annular structure is fixedly sleeved on the inner ring of the second blocking plate. A channel for the passage of the second sealing element and the first sealing element is passed through the inner ring of the contact plate. The contact plate and the friction plate are staggered along the length of the anchor rod. The contact plate abuts against the adjacent friction plate. A screw for fixing is fixedly connected to the end of the support tube.

[0014] As a further improvement to the above solution, the friction plate is provided with protrusions distributed along its diameter to define the position of the contact plate, and the contact plate is provided with recesses distributed along its diameter, and the recesses and protrusions are slidably connected.

[0015] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the diameter of the biomimetic connecting section gradually decreases along the direction from the flange to the corrugated sleeve, and the damping layer is made of high-damping butyl rubber.

[0016] A method for using a staged energy-dissipating and vibration-damping anchor reinforcement device includes the following steps:

[0017] S1. Form the first enlarged section, the second enlarged section, and the anchoring section on the rock mass to be reinforced;

[0018] S2. Complete the fabrication and assembly of anchor bolts, anchoring structures, sealing component one, telescopic guide mechanism, sealing component two, energy dissipation buffer mechanism and fixing mechanism in advance to form anchor bolt reinforcement components;

[0019] S3. The assembled anchor reinforcement components are put into the first enlarged hole section, the second enlarged hole section and the anchoring section, and the anchoring section is grouted to form a concrete anchoring layer on the outside of the anchoring structure that is fixed to the pores of the rock wall of the anchoring section.

[0020] S4. Curing the grouting concrete anchoring layer;

[0021] S5. After the concrete anchoring layer has been cured and formed, the first hole expansion section is grouted a second time, and a sealing layer is poured on the outside of the energy-consuming buffer mechanism to form a sealing layer, and the sealing layer is cured.

[0022] S6. Calculate the preload of the energy-dissipating buffer mechanism, complete the installation of the energy-dissipating buffer mechanism, and connect the anchor rod to the fixing mechanism.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] 1. This invention employs a multi-stage energy-dissipating buffering method to buffer the vibration stress on the anchor bolt, thereby dispersing and decomposing the stress during the anchor bolt vibration process and improving the vibration stress buffering strength during anchor bolt reinforcement.

[0025] 2. This invention can release the vibration stress on the anchor bolt through multiple elastic energy dissipation and radial conversion, avoiding fatigue of a single component and resisting multiple vibration impacts.

[0026] 3. This invention can achieve the sealing operation of grouting reinforcement grout, improve the grouting reinforcement effect, avoid grout leakage, improve the reinforcement strength of anchor bolts, and improve the safety of anchor bolt reinforcement projects. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a phased energy-dissipating and vibration-damping anchor reinforcement device provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the energy-consuming buffer mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the telescopic guide mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the anchoring structure provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the friction plate assembly provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the friction component provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support member provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the biomimetic connecting segment provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the locking plate provided by the present invention.

[0036] Explanation of key symbols:

[0037] 1. First expanding section; 101. Energy dissipation box; 102. Energy dissipation layer; 103. Friction plate assembly; 104. Spring; 121. Pad; 122. Locking plate; 123. Tray; 124. Locking nut; 2. Second expanding section; 21. Friction component; 22. Support component; 211. Sliding tube; 212. Blocking plate one; 213. Friction plate; 214. Channel one; 221. Support tube; 222. Blocking plate two; 223. Contact plate; 224. Channel two; 3. Anchoring section; 31. Tensioning plate 32. Extension channel; 33. Locking groove; 4. Anchor bolt; 5. Anchoring structure; 51. Anchor bolt one; 52. Reinforcing thread; 53. Anchor bolt tip; 6. Concrete anchoring layer; 7. Sealing component one; 71. Baffle; 72. Sealing ring; 73. Extrusion plate; 74. Pull rope; 8. Telescopic guide mechanism; 81. Flange; 82. Bionic connecting section; 83. Corrugated sleeve; 84. Damping layer; 85. Channel three; 9. Sealing component two; 10. Sealing layer; 11. Energy dissipation buffer mechanism; 12. Fixing mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0039] Example 1:

[0040] Please combine Figures 1-9 This embodiment of a staged energy-dissipating and vibration-damping anchor reinforcement device includes a first enlarged hole section 1, a second enlarged hole section 2, and an anchoring section 3 sequentially arranged on the reinforced rock mass. The first enlarged hole section 1 is provided with an anchor rod 4 extending into the second enlarged hole section 2. The anchoring section 3 is provided with an anchoring structure 5 connected to the anchor rod 4. The anchoring structure 5 is covered by a concrete anchoring layer 6 located in the anchoring section 3. A sealing component for sealing the concrete anchoring layer 6 is provided between the anchoring section 3 and the second enlarged hole section 2. 7. The second enlarged hole section 2 is provided with a telescopic guide mechanism 8 located on the anchor rod 4. The first enlarged hole section 1 is provided with an energy-consuming buffer mechanism 11 located on the anchor rod 4. A sealing layer 10 is provided on the outside of the energy-consuming buffer mechanism 11 and the first enlarged hole section 1. A second sealing component 9 is provided between the first enlarged hole section 1 and the second enlarged hole section 2 for sealing the sealing layer 10. A fixing mechanism 12 is provided at the opening of the first enlarged hole section 1 for fixing the anchor rod 4 and for adjusting the tension of the first sealing component 7 and the second sealing component 9.

[0041] The energy-consuming buffer mechanism 11 includes an energy-consuming box 101 disposed in the first enlarged hole section 1 and sleeved on the outer ring of the anchor rod 4. The inner wall of the energy-consuming box 101 is filled with an annular energy-dissipating layer 102. A friction plate group 103 is disposed on the inner side of the energy-dissipating layer 102. A annular spring 104 is connected to the side of the friction plate group 103 near the second enlarged hole section 2, and the spring 104 abuts against the end of the telescopic guide mechanism 8.

[0042] Friction plate assembly 103 includes a friction element 21 and a support element 22. The friction element 21 includes a sliding tube 211 sleeved on the outer ring of the anchor rod 4. A first baffle plate 212 is fixedly sleeved on the outer ring of the sliding tube 211, arranged sequentially along its length. A ring-shaped friction plate 213 is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the first baffle plate 212. A channel 214 for the passage of the second sealing element 9 and the first sealing element 7 is passed through the outer ring of the friction plate 213. The support element 22 includes a support tube 221 disposed on the outer ring of the sliding tube 211 and coaxially disposed with the sliding tube 211. The inner ring of the support tube 221 is fixedly sleeved with a second baffle plate 222 distributed sequentially along its length. The inner ring of the second baffle plate 222 is fixedly sleeved with a ring-shaped abutment plate 223. The inner ring of the abutment plate 223 has a channel 224 through which the second sealing component 9 and the first sealing component 7 pass. The abutment plate 223 and the friction plate 213 are staggered along the length of the anchor rod 4. The abutment plate 223 abuts against the adjacent friction plate 213. The end of the support tube 221 is fixedly connected with a screw for fixing. The friction plate 213 at the very end abuts against the spring 104.

[0043] When the spring 104 vibrates, it pushes the friction plate 213 to move. Then the friction plate 213 slides relative to the abutment plate 223. The force on the friction plate 213 is buffered by the first blocking plate 212 on the one hand, and transmitted to the abutment plate 223 on the other hand, which is also buffered by the second blocking plate 222. The force along the length of the anchor rod 4 is transformed into the radial force of the anchor rod 4, thereby improving the buffering strength of the vibration force.

[0044] Example 2:

[0045] Based on embodiment 1, the further improvement of this embodiment is that the anchoring structure 5 includes an anchor rod 51 fixed to the front end of the anchor rod 4 and extending to the anchoring section 3. The front end of the anchor rod 51 is provided with an anchor rod cone head 53, and the outer side of the anchor rod 51 is provided with a reinforcing thread 52.

[0046] The anchorage length of anchorage segment 3 can be calculated using the following formula: Where L is the length of anchorage segment 3, T d To design the anchor bolt tension, D is the hole diameter of the designed anchoring section 3, τ is the bond strength between the concrete anchoring layer 6 and the rock mass, and H is the calculated slip surface depth.

[0047] The first sealing component 7 includes a ring-shaped baffle 71 sleeved on the outer ring of the anchoring structure 5 and fixed to the end of the energy-dissipating buffer mechanism 11. A ring-shaped sealing ring 72 is fixedly connected to the other side of the baffle 71. A ring-shaped extrusion plate 73 that is slidably sleeved with the anchoring structure 5 is installed on the other side of the sealing ring 72. A pull rope 74 is connected to the side of the extrusion plate 73 near the baffle 71. A snap-fit ​​ball is fixedly connected to the other end of the pull rope 74. The second sealing component 9 has the same structure as the first sealing component 7. When grouting the concrete anchoring layer 6 and the sealing layer 10, the first sealing component 7 seals the inner wall of the opening of the anchoring section 3 to prevent the grout from flowing back to the telescopic guide mechanism 8. The second sealing component 9 seals the second enlarged hole section 2 to prevent the grout of the sealing layer 10 from being discharged to the telescopic guide mechanism 8. This realizes the grout sealing operation.

[0048] The telescopic guide mechanism 8 includes a ring-shaped damping layer 84 disposed on the outside of the anchor bolt 4. The inner ring of the damping layer 84 is provided with a flange 81, a bionic connecting section 82 and a corrugated sleeve 83 arranged in sequence. The flange 81, the bionic connecting section 82 and the corrugated sleeve 83 are all fixedly sleeved on the outer ring of the anchor bolt 4. The outer ring of the bionic connecting section 82 has a channel 85 for the passage of the second sealing component 9 and the first sealing component 7. The diameter of the bionic connecting section 82 gradually decreases from the flange 81 to the corrugated sleeve 83. The damping layer 84 is made of high-damping butyl rubber. The flange 81 has a channel 5 through which the second sealing component 9 and the first sealing component 7 pass.

[0049] During the small deformation stage, the corrugated sleeve 83 and the damping layer 84 undergo compressive deformation. When the micro-vibration stops, the elastic compressive deformation of the corrugated sleeve 83 can be completely recovered, and the damping layer 84 can also be recovered through viscous deformation. The first-order energy dissipation stage composed of the corrugated sleeve 83 and the damping layer 84 can fully resist the micro-vibration deformation.

[0050] During the large deformation stage, the damping layer 84 enters the plastic deformation stage. The corrugated sleeve 83 and the damping layer 84 move together towards the energy dissipation box 101, compressing the annular spring 104. The energy dissipation layer 102 weakens the vibration effect, thus entering the second stage of energy dissipation and vibration reduction. When the strong earthquake ends, the spring 104 returns to the initial stage, driving the anchor bolt 4 and other components to extend into the rock mass, further reinforcing the rock mass.

[0051] The preload of spring 104 is calculated using the following formula:

[0052] F = k × Δx, where F is the preload of spring 104, k is the spring stiffness, and Δx is the compression of spring 104;

[0053] The fixing mechanism 12 includes a pad 121 disposed at the opening of the first enlarged section 1. An arc-shaped tray 123 is fixed to one side of the pad 121. A locking plate 122, which is slidably sleeved on the anchor rod 4, is provided between the tray 123 and the pad 121 for tensioning and locking the second sealing component 9 and the first sealing component 7. A locking nut 124, which is fixed to the anchor rod 4, is provided on the other side of the tray 123. The locking plate 122 includes a tensioning plate 31 slidably sleeved on the outer ring of the anchor rod 4. An extension channel 32 extending towards its axis is opened on the outer side of the tensioning plate 31. An arc-shaped locking groove 33 is opened at one end of the extension channel 32 that extends into the tensioning plate 31. The friction plate 213 is provided with protrusions distributed along its diameter to limit the position of the contact plate 223, and the contact plate 223 is provided with recesses distributed along its diameter, and the recesses and protrusions are slidably connected; the pad 121 has a passage 4 through which the second sealing member 9 and the first sealing member 7 pass; the pad 121 has a first mounting hole for fixing the friction plate assembly 103 and a second mounting hole for fixing with the rock mass; the tensioning plate 31 is threadedly fitted with an adjusting screw that is rotatably fitted with the pad 121; the fixed position of the anchor rod 4 is adjusted by the locking nut 124, the extension and retraction of the spring 104 are adjusted, and the anchor rod 4 is fixed.

[0054] The pull rope 74 passes through channel 3 85 of the bionic connecting section 82 and channel 5 on the flange 81, then extends from the inner ring of the spring 104 to channel 1 214 and channel 2 224 on the friction plate assembly 103, and then extends to the extension channel 32 on the tensioning plate 31. The locking ball is then placed in the locking groove 33. By rotating the adjusting screw, the tensioning plate 31 moves along the length of the anchor rod 4, thereby adjusting the tension of the pull rope 74. Then, the extrusion plate 73 moves to extrude and deform the sealing ring 72, so that the deformed sealing ring 72 comes into contact with the inner rock wall of the first expansion section 1 and the anchoring section 3, thereby achieving the sealing operation.

[0055] Example 3:

[0056] A method for using a staged energy-dissipating and vibration-damping anchor reinforcement device includes the following steps:

[0057] S1. Form the first enlarged hole section 1, the second enlarged hole section 2, and the anchoring section 3 on the rock mass to be reinforced;

[0058] S2. Pre-compile and assemble the anchor bolt 4, anchoring structure 5, sealing component 1 7, telescopic guide mechanism 8, sealing component 2 9, energy dissipation buffer mechanism 11 and fixing mechanism 12 to form the anchor bolt reinforcement assembly.

[0059] S3. The assembled anchor reinforcement assembly is put into the first hole enlargement section 1, the second hole enlargement section 2 and the anchoring section 3, and the anchoring section 3 is grouted to form a concrete anchoring layer 6 on the outside of the anchoring structure 5, which is fixed to the pores of the rock wall of the anchoring section 3.

[0060] S4. Curing the grouting concrete anchoring layer 6;

[0061] S5. After the concrete anchoring layer 6 is cured and formed, the first hole expansion section 1 is grouted a second time to form a sealing layer 10 on the outside of the energy-consuming buffer mechanism 11, and the sealing layer 10 is cured.

[0062] S6. Calculate the preload of the energy-consuming buffer mechanism 11, complete the installation of the energy-consuming buffer mechanism 11, and connect the anchor rod 4 with the fixing mechanism 12.

[0063] This invention employs a multi-stage energy-dissipating buffering method to buffer the vibration stress on anchor bolts, dispersing and decomposing the stress during anchor bolt vibration to improve the vibration stress buffering strength during anchor bolt reinforcement. It can release the vibration stress on anchor bolts through multiple elastic energy dissipation and radial conversion methods, avoiding fatigue of a single component and resisting multiple vibration impacts. Furthermore, it enables the sealing operation of grouting reinforcement slurry, improving the grouting reinforcement effect, preventing slurry leakage, increasing anchor bolt reinforcement strength, and enhancing the safety of anchor bolt reinforcement projects.

[0064] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A staged energy-dissipating and vibration-damping anchor reinforcement device, characterized in that, The system includes a first enlarged borehole section, a second enlarged borehole section, and an anchoring section sequentially arranged on the reinforced rock mass. The first enlarged borehole section is equipped with an anchor rod extending into the second enlarged borehole section. The anchoring section is equipped with an anchoring structure connected to the anchor rod. The anchoring structure is covered with a concrete anchoring layer located in the anchoring section. A sealing component one is provided between the anchoring section and the second enlarged borehole section for sealing the concrete anchoring layer. The second enlarged borehole section is equipped with a telescopic guide mechanism located on the anchor rod. The first enlarged borehole section is equipped with an energy-dissipating buffer mechanism located on the anchor rod. A sealing layer connected to the first enlarged borehole section is provided outside the energy-dissipating buffer mechanism. A sealing component two is provided between the first enlarged borehole section and the second enlarged borehole section for sealing the sealing layer. A fixing mechanism is provided at the opening of the first enlarged borehole section for fixing the anchor rod and for adjusting the tension of the sealing component one and the sealing component two. The energy-consuming buffer mechanism includes an energy-consuming box disposed within the first enlarged hole section and sleeved on the outer ring of the anchor rod. The inner wall of the energy-consuming box is filled with an annular energy-dissipating layer. A friction plate assembly is disposed on the inner side of the energy-dissipating layer. An annular spring is connected to the side of the friction plate assembly near the second enlarged hole section, and the spring abuts against the end of the telescopic guide mechanism.

2. The staged energy-dissipating and vibration-damping anchor reinforcement device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The anchoring structure includes an anchor rod 1 fixed to the front end of the anchor rod and extending towards the anchoring section. The front end of the anchor rod 1 is provided with an anchor rod cone head, and the outer side of the anchor rod 1 is provided with a reinforcing thread.

3. The staged energy-dissipating and vibration-damping anchor reinforcement device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first sealing component includes a ring-shaped baffle that is sleeved on the outer ring of the anchoring structure and fixed to the end of the energy-dissipating buffer mechanism. A sealing ring of the ring structure is fixed to the other side of the baffle. A compression plate of the ring structure that is slidably sleeved with the anchoring structure is installed on the other side of the sealing ring. A pull rope is connected to the side of the compression plate near the baffle. A snap-fit ​​ball is fixed to the other end of the pull rope. The second sealing component has the same structure as the first sealing component.

4. The staged energy-dissipating and vibration-damping anchor reinforcement device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic guiding mechanism includes a damping layer with an annular structure set on the outside of the anchor bolt. The inner ring of the damping layer is provided with a flange, a bionic connecting section and a corrugated sleeve arranged in sequence. The flange, the bionic connecting section and the corrugated sleeve are all fixedly sleeved on the outer ring of the anchor bolt. The outer ring of the bionic connecting section has a channel three for the passage of the second sealing component and the first sealing component.

5. The staged energy-dissipating and vibration-damping anchor reinforcement device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing mechanism includes a pad plate set at the opening of the first enlarged section, an arc-shaped tray fixed to one side of the pad plate, a locking plate slidably sleeved on the anchor rod for tensioning and locking the second sealing component and the first sealing component, and a locking nut fixed to the anchor rod on the other side of the tray.

6. The staged energy-dissipating and vibration-damping anchor reinforcement device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The locking plate includes a tensioning plate that is slidably sleeved on the outer ring of the anchor rod. An extension channel extending towards its axis is provided on the outer side of the tensioning plate, and an arc-shaped locking groove is provided at one end of the extension channel that extends into the tensioning plate.

7. The staged energy-dissipating and vibration-damping anchor reinforcement device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The friction plate assembly includes a friction element and a support element. The friction element includes a sliding tube sleeved around the outer ring of the anchor rod. A first baffle plate is fixedly sleeved around the outer ring of the sliding tube and distributed sequentially along its length. A friction plate with an annular structure is fixedly sleeved around the outer ring of the first baffle plate. A channel for the passage of the second sealing element and the first sealing element is passed through the outer ring of the friction plate. The support element includes a support tube disposed around the outer ring of the sliding tube and coaxially disposed with the sliding tube. A second baffle plate is fixedly sleeved around the inner ring of the support tube and distributed sequentially along its length. A contact plate with an annular structure is fixedly sleeved around the inner ring of the second baffle plate. A channel for the passage of the second sealing element and the first sealing element is passed through the inner ring of the contact plate. The contact plate and the friction plate are staggered along the length of the anchor rod. The contact plate abuts against the adjacent friction plate. A screw for fixing is fixedly connected to the end of the support tube.

8. The staged energy-dissipating and vibration-damping anchor reinforcement device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The friction plate is provided with protrusions distributed along its diameter to define the position of the contact plate, and the contact plate is provided with recesses distributed along its diameter, and the recesses are slidably connected to the protrusions.

9. The staged energy-dissipating and vibration-damping anchor reinforcement device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The diameter of the biomimetic connecting section gradually decreases from the flange to the corrugated sleeve, and the damping layer is made of high-damping butyl rubber.

10. The method of using the staged energy-dissipating and vibration-damping anchor reinforcement device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Form the first enlarged section, the second enlarged section, and the anchoring section on the rock mass to be reinforced; S2. Complete the fabrication and assembly of anchor bolts, anchoring structures, sealing component one, telescopic guide mechanism, sealing component two, energy dissipation buffer mechanism and fixing mechanism in advance to form anchor bolt reinforcement components; S3. The assembled anchor reinforcement components are put into the first enlarged hole section, the second enlarged hole section and the anchoring section, and the anchoring section is grouted to form a concrete anchoring layer on the outside of the anchoring structure that is fixed to the pores of the rock wall of the anchoring section. S4. Curing the grouting concrete anchoring layer; S5. After the concrete anchoring layer has been cured and formed, the first hole expansion section is grouted a second time, and a sealing layer is poured on the outside of the energy-consuming buffer mechanism to form a sealing layer, and the sealing layer is cured. S6. Calculate the preload of the energy-dissipating buffer mechanism, complete the installation of the energy-dissipating buffer mechanism, and connect the anchor rod to the fixing mechanism.

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