Smoke exhaust structure, vehicle body and railway vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of railway vehicles, and provides a smoke exhaust structure, a vehicle body and a railway vehicle. The smoke discharging structure comprises a frame which is formed by installing and welding a plurality of sectional materials, and the frame comprises a bent beam, a longitudinal beam and a stand column. The multiple plate bodies are connected to the frame, and the multiple plate bodies and the frame jointly define a caisson with an upper opening; the bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the caisson in a sealing mode, and a through hole used for allowing a smoke exhaust pipeline to penetrate through is formed in the bottom plate; the caisson is suitable for being installed in a preset opening of a car roof, so that the smoke exhaust structure does not protrude out of the outer contour line of a car body after being installed. The smoke exhaust structure can greatly reduce the air resistance when the vehicle runs at a high speed, is particularly suitable for the high-speed railway vehicle, reduces the traction energy consumption, and improves the operation economy; vibration, impact and lateral wind pressure in the running process of a vehicle can be borne, the phenomenon that a smoke exhaust pipeline deviates due to deformation of the caisson is avoided, and long-term stable work of a smoke exhaust system is guaranteed; and rainwater, dust and other impurities can be prevented from entering, and the risk of corrosion and blockage of a smoke exhaust pipeline is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rail vehicles, and provides a smoke exhaust structure, a car body, and a rail vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] In existing technologies, in the design of rail vehicles, diesel generators typically use car bodies made of carbon steel or aluminum alloy. Early operating speeds were lower, and the exhaust methods for these vehicles were relatively simple, involving directly drilling holes in the roof, welding flanges, and installing exhaust devices.

[0003] However, with the advent of high-speed trains, vehicle speeds have increased significantly to over 200 km / h. Under such high-speed operating conditions, air resistance cannot be ignored. If the traditional exhaust structure continues to be used, it will not only significantly increase the air resistance of the train, but also cause the exhaust device to be frequently damaged by external objects due to wind, thus affecting the safety and reliability of the vehicle.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies have attempted to optimize smoke extraction structures through various means.

[0005] However, traditional exhaust systems often make the vehicle's exterior profile rough, which not only fails to effectively reduce air resistance but may even increase additional wind resistance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a smoke exhaust structure that can meet the requirements of efficient exhaust, effectively reduce air resistance, and reduce the impact damage to vehicles from external objects when running at high speeds, thereby improving the safety and operating efficiency of trains.

[0007] This invention provides a vehicle body.

[0008] This invention provides a rail vehicle.

[0009] A first aspect of the present invention provides a smoke exhaust structure, comprising: The frame is assembled and welded from multiple profiles, and the frame includes curved beams, longitudinal beams and columns; Multiple plates are connected to the frame, and the multiple plates and the frame together form a caisson with an upper opening; A base plate is installed at the bottom of the caisson, and the base plate is provided with through holes for the passage of exhaust pipes; The caisson is adapted to be installed in a pre-set opening on the roof of the vehicle so that the exhaust structure does not protrude from the outer contour line of the vehicle body after installation.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the multiple profiles constituting the frame are a double-layer hollow structure, and the inner cavity of the double-layer hollow structure is filled with heat insulation material.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the inner surface of the caisson is coated with a heat-insulating coating.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes an installation frame disposed within the caisson and fixed to the base plate, the installation frame being used to support the exhaust pipe.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a water outlet is provided on the mounting frame.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the plate body includes an end plate and a side plate, both of which are welded together from profiles.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a mounting base is further provided on the inner wall of the caisson, the mounting base being used to provide an installation interface for the heat insulation device.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a sealing plate is further included, which is used to weld and seal the gap area on the inside of the roof after the caisson is welded to the roof.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes a smoke guide tube that passes through the through hole in the base plate, and the middle part of the smoke guide tube is configured as a corrugated pipe.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a smoke exhaust cap is further included, the smoke exhaust cap being disposed at the top of the smoke guide pipe, the smoke exhaust cap including a cover plate adapted to be opened under exhaust pressure and to fall back under gravity to close the top of the smoke guide pipe.

[0019] A second aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle body, including a roof and a smoke exhaust structure as described above; the roof is provided with an opening for installing the smoke exhaust structure, and the smoke exhaust structure is installed in the opening through the recess.

[0020] A third aspect of the present invention provides a rail vehicle including the smoke exhaust structure described above; Alternatively, it could include a vehicle body as described above.

[0021] According to the first aspect of the present invention, the exhaust structure is adapted to the roof opening design of the caisson. After installation, it does not protrude from the outline of the vehicle body, avoiding the air vortices generated by traditional protruding exhaust structures, significantly reducing air resistance when the vehicle is traveling at high speed. It is especially suitable for rail vehicles with speeds of over 200 km / h, reducing traction energy consumption and improving operational economy. The welded combination of the frame's curved beams, longitudinal beams, columns, plates, and bottom plate forms a three-dimensional rigid structure that can withstand vibrations, impacts, and lateral wind pressure during vehicle operation, preventing the exhaust pipe from shifting due to caisson deformation and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the exhaust system. The sealing treatment of the bottom plate's through holes and the full welding connection of the plates and frame create a relatively closed space inside the caisson, preventing rainwater, dust, and other impurities from entering, reducing the risk of corrosion and blockage in the exhaust pipe, and extending the service life of the exhaust system.

[0022] According to the second aspect of the present invention, the vehicle body features a recessed enclosure embedded in the roof opening, allowing for a smooth transition between the exhaust structure and the roof contour, eliminating protruding components and significantly reducing air resistance during vehicle operation. This is particularly suitable for high-speed rail vehicles, improving energy efficiency and driving stability. The reinforcing ribs around the opening, working in conjunction with the recessed enclosure frame, prevent a decrease in roof rigidity due to the opening, preventing roof dents or bends during vehicle operation, protecting the overall structural integrity of the vehicle body, and extending its service life. The exhaust structure is concealed within the roof, maintaining a flat and uniform roof surface, avoiding the disruption of the vehicle's overall appearance caused by traditional protruding exhaust structures, and enhancing the vehicle's visual appeal.

[0023] According to the third aspect of the present invention, the concealed exhaust structure of the rail vehicle significantly reduces air resistance, thereby significantly reducing fuel consumption during high-speed operation. It also reduces aerodynamic noise, improves vehicle quietness, and enhances the passenger experience. The heat insulation, sealing, and automatic protection design of the exhaust system effectively copes with complex environments such as rain, dust, and high temperatures, reducing the risk of corrosion, blockage, or high-temperature failure of the exhaust pipes, ensuring safe operation of the vehicle in various scenarios such as mountainous areas, coastal areas, and cold regions. The inspection door design and temperature monitoring and early warning system of the exhaust structure enable maintenance personnel to quickly inspect and handle faults, reducing vehicle downtime for maintenance. Simultaneously, the high reliability design of each component reduces maintenance frequency, improving vehicle operating efficiency and availability. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1This is a schematic perspective view of the smoke exhaust structure provided by the present invention installed on a vehicle body from one angle.

[0026] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic perspective view of the smoke exhaust structure provided by the present invention installed on the vehicle body from another angle.

[0028] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic side view of the smoke exhaust structure provided by the present invention installed on a vehicle body.

[0030] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A magnified view of a section at point C.

[0031] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A schematic cross-sectional view along the DD direction.

[0032] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A magnified view of a section at point E in the middle.

[0033] Figure 9 This is a schematic perspective view of the caisson provided by the present invention.

[0034] Figure 10 This is a schematic perspective view of the framework provided by the present invention.

[0035] Figure 11 This is a schematic perspective view of the installation frame provided by the present invention.

[0036] Figure label: 100. Frame; 102. Curved beam; 104. Longitudinal beam; 106. Column; 108. Plate; 110. Caisson; 112. Base plate; 114. Through hole; 116. Drain outlet; 118. End plate; 120. Side plate; 122. Mounting base; 124. Sealing plate; 126. Smoke duct; 128. Smoke exhaust cap; 130. Mounting frame. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0038] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, a first aspect embodiment of the present invention provides a smoke exhaust structure, comprising: The frame 100 is assembled and welded from multiple profiles. The frame 100 includes a curved beam 102, a longitudinal beam 104, and a column 106. Multiple plates 108 are connected to a frame 100, and the multiple plates 108 and the frame 100 together form a caisson 110 with an upper opening. The bottom plate 112 is sealed at the bottom of the caisson 110, and the bottom plate 112 is provided with a through hole 114 for the smoke exhaust pipe to pass through. The recessed box 110 is suitable for installation in a pre-set opening on the roof of the vehicle, so that the exhaust structure does not protrude from the outer contour line of the vehicle body after installation.

[0039] According to the first aspect of the present invention, the exhaust structure of the caisson 110 is adapted to the roof opening design and does not protrude from the outline of the vehicle body after installation. This avoids the air vortices generated by traditional protruding exhaust structures, significantly reducing air resistance when the vehicle is traveling at high speed. It is especially suitable for rail vehicles with speeds of 200 km / h or higher, reducing traction energy consumption and improving operational economy. The welded combination of the curved beam 102, longitudinal beam 104, and column 106 of the frame 100 with the plate 108 and the bottom plate 112 forms a three-dimensional rigid structure that can withstand vibration, impact, and lateral wind pressure during vehicle operation. This prevents the exhaust pipe from shifting due to deformation of the caisson 110, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the exhaust system. The sealing treatment of the through hole 114 of the bottom plate 112 and the full welding connection of the plate 108 and the frame 100 create a relatively closed space inside the caisson 110, preventing rainwater, dust, and other impurities from entering, reducing the risk of corrosion and blockage of the exhaust pipe, and extending the service life of the exhaust system.

[0040] Please continue reading Figures 1 to 11 The smoke exhaust structure provided in the first aspect of the present invention addresses the problem that the traditional smoke exhaust structure of rail vehicles protrudes from the car body, resulting in high air resistance and easy damage. Through the modular welding design of frame 100, plate 108 and bottom plate 112, a sunken box 110 structure that can be hidden on the roof is constructed to achieve the adaptation of the smoke exhaust function to the outline of the car body.

[0041] The frame 100 serves as the supporting skeleton for the caisson 110, and is a three-dimensional structure formed by welding together three types of materials: curved beam 102, longitudinal beam 104, and column 106.

[0042] The curved beam 102 is an arc-shaped profile, formed by bending metal profiles. Its arc contour perfectly matches the curve of the rail vehicle's roof, ensuring a smooth transition with the roof after the subsequent installation of the caisson 110. There are two curved beams 102, located at both ends of the frame 100. Both ends of each curved beam 102 are flattened and connected to the ends of the longitudinal beam 104 through a full welding process. During welding, it is ensured that there are no gaps between the contact surfaces of the curved beam 102 and the longitudinal beam 104, forming a stable arc-shaped top support.

[0043] The longitudinal beams 104 are straight metal profiles, distributed along the length of the caisson 110, with no fewer than two beams, and symmetrically arranged along the width of the frame 100 to ensure balanced longitudinal support. The length of the longitudinal beams 104 is consistent with the design length of the caisson 110. The upper part is welded to the curved beam 102, the lower part is welded to the column 106, and the sides are welded to the side plates 120 in the subsequent plate 108. Through multi-directional welding, the longitudinal load-bearing main body of the frame 100 is formed, preventing the caisson 110 from bending and deforming along its length.

[0044] The columns 106 are short, straight metal profiles, distributed along the height of the caisson 110. Their number is determined by the length of the longitudinal beams 104, and they are evenly spaced along the length of the longitudinal beams 104 to ensure uniform vertical support. The top of each column 106 is fully welded to the lower surface of the longitudinal beam 104, and the bottom is fully welded to the upper surface of the base plate 112, forming the vertical support structure of the frame 100 and preventing vertical deformation of the caisson 110 when bearing the weight of the exhaust pipe.

[0045] During the assembly and welding of frame 100, all connection points of the profiles are chamfered to avoid stress concentration during welding. The welding adopts a continuous full welding process, with the weld covering the entire mating surface of the profile connection, ensuring the overall rigidity of frame 100 and eliminating the risk of loosening or breakage.

[0046] Multiple plates 108, including end plates 118 and side plates 120, are all made by welding profiles and together with the frame 100, they form the four sides of the caisson 110, forming a cavity structure with an upper opening.

[0047] The end plate 118 is a rectangular plate structure, welded together from multiple short, straight metal profiles. The profiles are fully welded together to form a closed rectangular outline. There are two end plates 118, corresponding to the two ends of the frame 100 respectively. The upper profile of the end plate 118 is fully welded to the curved beam 102 of the frame 100, the lower profile is fully welded to the edge of the bottom plate 112, and the profiles on both sides are fully welded to the columns 106 of the frame 100, ensuring that the end plate 118 fits completely with the frame 100 without gaps, forming the two end sidewalls of the caisson 110.

[0048] The side plate 120 is a symmetrical rectangular plate structure, similar to the end plate 118. It is made of multiple long straight metal profiles welded together, and there are two of them, corresponding to the two sides of the frame 100 respectively. The upper profile of the side plate 120 is fully welded to the curved beam 102 of the frame 100, and the lower profile is fully welded to the edge of the bottom plate 112. The inner profile is fully welded to the longitudinal beam 104 and the column 106 of the frame 100. The outer surface is flush with the outer surface of the frame 100, forming the two side walls of the caisson 110.

[0049] When welding the end plate 118 and the side plate 120, the material selection is consistent with that of the frame 100 to ensure material matching and the same coefficient of thermal expansion, and to avoid weld cracking caused by temperature changes. After welding, the inner surface of the plate 108 is flush with the inner surface of the frame 100, and the outer surface is flush with the outer surface of the frame 100, forming a flat side wall of the caisson 110, which does not affect the installation of the internal smoke exhaust pipe.

[0050] The bottom plate 112 is the bottom sealing component of the caisson 110, used to support the exhaust pipe and ensure the airtightness of the caisson 110.

[0051] The base plate 112 is a rectangular plate structure, which is welded together from multiple metal profiles. The profiles are connected by full welding to form a complete rectangular base plate 112 outline. The dimensions of the base plate 112 are perfectly matched with the dimensions of the bottom of the frame 100. Its edges are aligned with the lower profiles of the end plate 118 and the side plate 120. It is fixedly connected to the end plate 118 and the side plate 120 by full welding process to form the bottom closed structure of the caisson 110.

[0052] A through hole 114 for a smoke exhaust pipe is provided in the middle of the base plate 112. The outline of the through hole 114 is adapted to the shape of the smoke exhaust pipe to ensure that the pipe can pass through smoothly. The edge of the through hole 114 is fully sealed by welding with an aluminum plate. The size of the aluminum plate covers the area of ​​the base plate 112 around the through hole 114. During welding, it is ensured that the aluminum plate and the base plate 112 are completely fused together without air holes or incomplete welds, thereby ensuring the airtightness of the interior of the caisson 110 and preventing rainwater, dust and other impurities from entering the interior of the caisson 110 through the gap between the through hole 114 and the pipe.

[0053] The connection between the base plate 112 and the frame 100 adopts a full welding process. The upper surface of the base plate 112 is completely attached to the bottom end of the column 106 of the frame 100 and the lower surface of the longitudinal beam 104. After welding, an integrated structure is formed to ensure that the base plate 112 can stably bear the weight of the exhaust pipe without sinking or deformation.

[0054] The caisson 110 is an overall cavity structure with an opening at the top. Its height, length, and width are all adapted to the preset opening size of the vehicle roof. The height of the caisson 110 is designed so that after installation, the top of the caisson 110 (i.e. the top of the curved beam 102 of the frame 100) is flush with the outer surface of the vehicle roof and does not protrude from the outer contour line of the vehicle body. The length and width of the caisson 110 are consistent with the length and width of the preset opening of the vehicle roof, ensuring that the caisson 110 can be accurately embedded in the opening without additional adjustment.

[0055] During installation, the caisson 110 is inserted into the pre-set opening from above the vehicle roof. The positioning ensures that the relative position of the caisson 110 and the vehicle roof is accurate. Then, the frame 100 of the caisson 110 is fixedly connected to the edge of the opening on the vehicle roof through a full welding process, so as to realize the integration of the caisson 110 and the vehicle body. This ensures that the installation is firm and does not damage the overall outline of the vehicle body.

[0056] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the multiple profiles constituting the frame 100 are a double-layer hollow structure, and the inner cavity of the double-layer hollow structure is filled with heat insulation material.

[0057] In one embodiment of the present invention, the curved beam 102, longitudinal beam 104, and column 106 of the frame 100 are all made of double-layer hollow profiles. A closed hollow cavity is formed between the two metal walls of the profile, and the cavity is filled with thermal insulation material. The thermal insulation material is selected from materials with high temperature resistance and low thermal conductivity. During the filling process, a vacuum injection process is used to ensure uniform material distribution without gaps or agglomeration. The outer metal wall of the double-layer hollow profile is slightly thicker than the inner layer, enhancing the overall rigidity of the profile. The connecting ends of the profile are chamfered to ensure that both metal walls can be fully fused during welding, avoiding weak welds due to the hollow structure. After filling, the hollow cavity of the profile is sealed to prevent leakage or moisture-induced failure of the thermal insulation material, ensuring long-term thermal insulation performance.

[0058] The high temperature generated when the exhaust pipe is working can easily be transferred to the roof through the frame 100. The combination of the double-layer hollow structure and heat insulation material can effectively block heat transfer, prevent the roof and internal parts of the vehicle from weakening or aging due to high temperature, especially protect the roof interior and electrical components, and improve the overall durability of the vehicle.

[0059] Thermal insulation materials reduce heat penetration into the vehicle interior, preventing abnormal increases in interior temperature due to high temperatures from exhaust fumes, reducing the load on the air conditioning system, and improving passenger comfort, especially in summer or during long-term operation.

[0060] Compared to solid profiles, double-layer hollow profiles significantly reduce weight, reducing the overall weight of the vehicle body while maintaining rigidity and thermal insulation performance, thus reducing the burden on the vehicle's traction system and further improving energy efficiency.

[0061] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the inner surface of the caisson 110 is coated with a heat-insulating coating.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present invention, the heat-insulating coating is a high-temperature resistant coating with good adhesion and heat-barrier properties. The coating covers the entire inner surface of the caisson 110, including the inner side of the frame 100, the inner side of the end plate 118, the inner side of the side plate 120, and the inner side of the bottom plate 112. Especially in high-temperature concentrated areas such as the periphery of the through hole 114 of the bottom plate 112 near the exhaust pipe and the surface of the mounting frame 130, multiple coats are applied to increase the coating thickness. Before coating, the inner surface of the caisson 110 is pretreated: surface oil, oxide layer and impurities are removed, and the surface is roughened by sandblasting to enhance the adhesion of the coating. During coating, a spraying process is used to ensure uniform coating coverage without missed areas or drips. After coating, low-temperature curing is performed to form a continuous and dense heat-insulating coating with a smooth surface that does not affect the assembly of the exhaust pipe and the mounting frame 130.

[0063] The heat insulation coating and the double-layer hollow heat insulation material of the frame 100 profile form a dual heat protection system, which further blocks the transmission of high temperature smoke to the outside of the caisson 110. Compared with a single heat insulation structure, the heat blocking efficiency is significantly improved, ensuring that the outer surface temperature of the caisson 110 is maintained within a safe range and avoiding the risk of burns.

[0064] The heat insulation coating is applied directly to the inner surface of the caisson 110, reducing the oxidation and corrosion of metal components such as the frame 100 and the plate 108 caused by high temperature, avoiding fatigue damage to metal components caused by long-term high temperature, extending the service life of the caisson 110 structure, and reducing the frequency of maintenance.

[0065] The spraying process allows the thermal insulation coating to cover complex areas such as welds and corners on the inner surface of the caisson 110, avoiding thermal insulation dead spots caused by poor adhesion in traditional thermal insulation structures, ensuring uniform thermal insulation in all areas inside the caisson 110, and eliminating localized high-temperature concentrations.

[0066] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes an installation frame 130, which is disposed inside the caisson 110 and fixed to the base plate 112, and the installation frame 130 is used to support the exhaust pipe.

[0067] In one embodiment of the present invention, the mounting frame 130 is a rectangular profile welded structure, the size of which is adapted to the outer diameter of the exhaust pipe. Multiple mounting holes are opened on the upper surface of the frame 100, with the holes evenly distributed around the circumference of the frame 100, for bolting and fixing the exhaust pipe. The mounting frame 130 is fully welded to the upper surface of the base plate 112, with the fixing position coaxial with the through hole 114 of the base plate 112, ensuring that the exhaust pipe can accurately connect with the frame 100 after passing through the through hole 114. A preset gap is maintained between the frame 100 and the side plates 120 and end plates 118 of the caisson 110 to prevent the frame 100 from colliding with the plate 108 when the caisson 110 vibrates. The profile of the frame 100 is made of the same material as the frame 100 of the caisson 110 to ensure overall rigidity matching. Simultaneously, the surface of the frame 100 is coated with the same heat-insulating coating as the inner surface of the caisson 110 to enhance the heat insulation effect.

[0068] The mounting frame 130 provides a fixed support point for the exhaust pipe, preventing the pipe from shaking significantly due to vibration and bumps during vehicle operation, preventing wear or breakage caused by collision between the pipe and the inner wall of the caisson 110, and ensuring a smooth exhaust path without blockage or leakage.

[0069] The coaxial design of the mounting frame 130 and the through hole 114 of the base plate 112 ensures that the exhaust pipe is centered in the recess 110 after installation, avoiding increased exhaust resistance caused by pipe misalignment. At the same time, it makes the connection between the pipe and the exhaust pipe of the diesel generator set more precise, reducing exhaust loss and improving exhaust efficiency.

[0070] The mounting frame 130 evenly distributes the weight of the exhaust pipe to the base plate 112, preventing the weight of the pipe from being concentrated on the edge of the through hole 114 of the base plate 112, preventing the base plate 112 from deforming or cracking due to excessive local stress, and protecting the structural integrity of the bottom of the caisson 110.

[0071] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a drain outlet 116 is provided on the mounting frame 130.

[0072] In one embodiment of the present invention, the drain outlet 116 is a rectangular or circular through hole 114 formed at the bottom of the mounting frame 130 profile, and there are multiple holes evenly distributed on the perimeter of the frame 100 profile. The diameter of the drain outlet 116 is designed not to affect the rigidity of the frame 100, ensuring that the water inside the caisson 110 can flow out smoothly. The edges of the drain outlet 116 are rounded to prevent eddies or residues from forming when the water flows, and to prevent sharp edges from scratching operators or damaging other components. After the mounting frame 130 is welded and fixed, the drain outlet 116 is positioned below the upper surface of the base plate 112, ensuring that the water inside the caisson 110 can naturally collect at the drain outlet 116 and then be discharged to the outside of the vehicle body through the gap between the base plate 112 and the roof.

[0073] Water may accumulate inside the caisson 110 due to condensation or minor leakage. The drain outlet 116 can drain the water in a timely manner to prevent water from lingering between the frame 100 and the exhaust pipe for a long time, prevent corrosion of metal parts caused by water accumulation, and extend the service life of the installation frame 130 and the exhaust pipe.

[0074] In low-temperature environments, accumulated water is prone to freezing and expansion, which may cause deformation of the installation frame 130 or the exhaust pipe; the drain outlet 116 drains the accumulated water in a timely manner to eliminate the risk of freezing, ensure that the exhaust system can still work normally in cold regions, and improve environmental adaptability.

[0075] The design of the drain outlet 116 does not weaken the supporting rigidity of the mounting frame 130. It meets the drainage requirements and maintains the stable support of the frame 100 for the exhaust pipe, achieving a balance between function and structure without increasing additional maintenance costs.

[0076] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the plate 108 includes an end plate 118 and a side plate 120, both of which are welded together from profiles.

[0077] In one embodiment of the present invention, the end plate 118 is a rectangular plate structure welded together from multiple short straight profiles. The profiles are connected by full welding to form a closed outline of the end plate 118. The upper profile of the end plate 118 is welded to the curved beam 102 of the frame 100, the lower profile is welded to the edge of the bottom plate 112, and the side profiles are welded to the columns 106 of the frame 100, ensuring a complete connection between the end plate 118 and the frame 100. The side plate 120 has a symmetrical structure and is a rectangular plate structure welded together from long straight profiles. The upper profile of the side plate 120 is welded to the curved beam 102 of the frame 100, the lower profile is welded to the edge of the bottom plate 112, and the inner profile is welded to the longitudinal beam 104 and the column 106 of the frame 100. The welding profiles of the end plate 118 and the side plate 120 are all reserved with interfaces adapted to the frame 100. The interfaces are chamfered to ensure a tight fit without gaps during welding. The outer surfaces of the end plate 118 and the side plate 120 are flush with the outer surface of the frame 100 of the caisson 110, and the inner surfaces are flush with the inner surface of the frame 100, forming a flat inner and outer wall of the caisson 110.

[0078] Compared with a single sheet metal, the profile welded structure of end plate 118 and side plate 120 has higher rigidity and can withstand greater lateral wind pressure and vibration impact, preventing the side wall of the caisson 110 from denting or bending during vehicle operation, ensuring the stability of the internal space of the caisson 110 and preventing compression of the exhaust pipe.

[0079] The dimensions of the end plate 118 and the side plate 120 can be flexibly adjusted by welding profiles to adapt to the roof opening and exhaust pipe specifications of different vehicle models. Compared with integral cast plates, the processing difficulty is low, the cost is controllable, and it can quickly respond to diverse design needs.

[0080] If the end plate 118 or side plate 120 is partially damaged, it can be repaired by replacing the damaged profile, without having to replace the entire plate 108, thus reducing the consumption of repair materials and labor costs and improving the economic efficiency of the caisson 110 structure.

[0081] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a mounting base 122 is also provided on the inner wall of the caisson 110, the mounting base 122 being used to provide an installation interface for the heat insulation device.

[0082] In one embodiment of the present invention, the mounting base 122 is a metal block structure, made of the same material as the frame 100 of the caisson 110. It is fully welded to the inner walls of the end plate 118 and side plate 120 of the caisson 110, and there are multiple mounting bases symmetrically distributed on both sides of the caisson 110. Threaded holes are formed on the upper surface of the mounting base 122 for connecting heat insulation devices (such as heat insulation boards or heat insulation cotton) via bolts. The height of the mounting base 122 is adapted to the thickness of the heat insulation device, ensuring that the heat insulation device fits snugly against the surface of the exhaust pipe without gaps after installation. The welding position of the mounting base 122 avoids the assembly space between the exhaust pipe and the mounting frame 130, so as not to affect the normal installation and operation of the exhaust system. The surface of the mounting base 122 is coated with heat-insulating paint, forming a continuous heat insulation layer with the paint on the inner wall of the caisson 110, preventing the mounting base 122 from becoming a weak point in heat transfer.

[0083] Mounting bracket 122 provides a standardized installation interface, enabling the heat insulation device to be quickly and accurately fixed without the need for additional drilling or welding on the inner wall of the caisson 110, simplifying the assembly process; the heat insulation device works in synergy with the original heat insulation structure to further enhance the thermal barrier capability of the caisson 110 and reduce the impact of high temperature on the vehicle body.

[0084] Vehicle vibration can easily cause the heat insulation device to shift or fall off. The mounting bracket 122 securely fixes the heat insulation device with bolts to ensure that the heat insulation device is in close contact with the exhaust pipe for a long time, so as not to cause heat insulation failure due to displacement and to maintain a stable heat insulation effect.

[0085] The welding and fixing of the mounting base 122 does not require damage to the main structure of the caisson 110 (such as the frame 100 and the plate 108), avoiding the reduction of structural strength due to additional processing. At the same time, the mounting base 122 and the caisson 110 are made of the same material and have matching coefficients of thermal expansion, avoiding loosening of the connection due to temperature changes and improving long-term reliability.

[0086] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a sealing plate 124 is also included, which is used to weld and seal the gap area on the inside of the roof after the caisson 110 is welded to the roof.

[0087] In one embodiment of the present invention, the sealing plate 124 is a thin metal plate, made of the same material as the roof and the sunken box 110, and its shape is designed according to the contour of the gap on the inner side of the roof (such as a strip or an arc). The size of the sealing plate 124 is slightly larger than the gap area to ensure that it can completely cover the gap. After the sunken box 110 is fixed to the opening in the roof by welding, a small gap will be formed between the inner side of the roof and the edge of the sunken box 110. At this time, the sealing plate 124 is covered over the gap, and the sealing plate 124 is fixed to the inner side of the roof and the edge of the sunken box 110 by spot welding or continuous welding to seal the gap. After the sealing plate 124 is welded, the weld is ground to make the surface of the sealing plate 124 flush with the inner surface of the roof, without any protrusions or steps; at the same time, the weld is coated with anti-rust paint to enhance its corrosion resistance.

[0088] The sealing plate 124 can effectively seal the gap between the roof and the caisson 110, preventing rainwater, dust, and debris from entering the interior of the vehicle body or the interlayer between the caisson 110 and the roof through the gap, preventing corrosion of internal vehicle components or water accumulation in the interlayer, and protecting the vehicle structure and exhaust system.

[0089] After the gaps are sealed, the overall airtightness of the vehicle body is improved, reducing the aerodynamic noise generated by air entering the vehicle through the gaps during vehicle operation. At the same time, it reduces the transmission of external environmental noise into the vehicle, improving the quietness of the ride for passengers.

[0090] The welding of the sealing plate 124 further strengthens the connection between the caisson 110 and the roof, making the two form a more stable whole, improving the stability of the caisson 110 under vehicle vibration and impact conditions, and preventing the weld from cracking at the connection between the caisson 110 and the roof due to long-term stress.

[0091] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes a smoke guide 126, which passes through a through hole 114 in the bottom plate 112, and the middle part of the smoke guide 126 is provided as a corrugated pipe.

[0092] In one embodiment of the present invention, the smoke guide 126 has a three-layer structure, with the inner and outer layers made of stainless steel plates and the middle layer filled with nano-insulation material. Flanges are provided at both the upper and lower parts of the smoke guide 126; the upper flange is used to connect to the exhaust cap 128, and the lower flange is used to connect to the exhaust pipe of the diesel generator set. The middle part of the smoke guide 126 has a corrugated pipe structure made of stainless steel, with a certain amount of expansion and contraction allowance to compensate for installation deviations between the roof opening and the underframe exhaust pipe. When the smoke guide 126 passes through the through hole 114 of the base plate 112, the through hole 114 and the smoke guide 126 are sealed by a sealing sleeve to prevent smoke leakage. The length of the smoke guide 126 is adapted to the height of the caisson 110, ensuring that the upper flange can extend beyond the top of the caisson 110 and the lower flange can precisely connect with the underframe exhaust pipe.

[0093] During vehicle manufacturing and assembly, the roof opening and the underframe exhaust pipe are prone to positional deviations. The expansion and contraction characteristics of the corrugated pipe can flexibly compensate for this deviation, avoiding deformation or breakage of the smoke duct 126 caused by forced assembly, ensuring smooth assembly of the smoke exhaust system and reducing assembly difficulty.

[0094] The three-layer heat insulation structure of the smoke duct 126 can effectively block the transmission of high temperature exhaust smoke to the outside, prevent high temperature from affecting other internal components and roof structure of the caisson 110, and at the same time reduce heat loss to ensure that the exhaust smoke temperature meets emission requirements.

[0095] The corrugated pipe has a certain vibration reduction capability, which can absorb the vibration transmission between the diesel generator set and the vehicle body, reduce the noise generated by the vibration of the smoke guide 126, and at the same time prevent the connection between the smoke guide 126 and the exhaust pipe from loosening due to vibration, thereby improving the stability and quietness of the exhaust system.

[0096] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a smoke exhaust cap 128 is also included, which is disposed at the top of the smoke guide 126. The smoke exhaust cap 128 includes a cover plate that is adapted to be opened under exhaust pressure and fall back under gravity to close the top of the smoke guide 126.

[0097] In one embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust cap 128 further includes a sleeve, a pivot pin, and a mounting plate; the mounting plate is fixed to the top flange of the smoke guide 126, and the sleeve is welded to both sides of the mounting plate; the pivot pin passes through the connecting lug between the sleeve and the cover plate, allowing the cover plate to rotate around the pivot pin; the weight of the cover plate is designed to ensure that it can naturally fall back under gravity when there is no exhaust pressure, tightly covering the top opening of the smoke guide 126; a sealing gasket is provided on the edge of the cover plate to enhance the sealing performance when closed and prevent rainwater from entering. When the diesel generator set is working, the pressure generated by the exhaust pushes the cover plate to rotate upward around the pivot pin, opening the cover plate to achieve exhaust; after the unit stops working, the exhaust pressure disappears, and the cover plate falls back under gravity, closing the top of the smoke guide 126.

[0098] The exhaust cap 128 automatically opens and closes using exhaust pressure and gravity, eliminating the need for additional power components such as motors and cylinders. This simplifies the structure, reduces the risk of failure and energy consumption, and meets the reliability and economic requirements of rail vehicles.

[0099] When the cover is closed, it can effectively prevent rainwater, snow, dust and other debris from entering the smoke duct 126, avoid corrosion or blockage inside the smoke duct 126, ensure the long-term smooth operation of the smoke exhaust system and reduce maintenance needs.

[0100] The smoke exhaust cap 128 has few mechanical transmission parts, and its function is achieved only through a pivot pin and a cover plate. It has few wear parts and a long service life. At the same time, the setting of the sealing gasket enhances the waterproof effect and further improves the reliability of the smoke exhaust cap 128.

[0101] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a second aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle body, including a roof and a smoke exhaust structure as described above; the roof is provided with an opening for installing the smoke exhaust structure, and the smoke exhaust structure is installed in the opening through a recess 110.

[0102] According to the second aspect of the present invention, the vehicle body with a recessed box 110 embedded in the roof opening allows for a smooth transition between the exhaust structure and the roof contour, eliminating protruding components and significantly reducing air resistance during vehicle operation. This is particularly suitable for high-speed rail vehicles, improving energy efficiency and driving stability. The reinforcing ribs around the opening, in conjunction with the frame 100 of the recessed box 110, prevent a decrease in roof rigidity due to the opening, preventing roof dents or bends during vehicle operation, protecting the overall structural integrity of the vehicle body, and extending its service life. The exhaust structure is concealed within the roof, maintaining a flat and uniform roof surface, avoiding the disruption of the overall appearance of the vehicle body caused by traditional protruding exhaust structures, and enhancing the vehicle's visual aesthetics.

[0103] The second aspect of the present invention provides a car body that addresses the problems of high air resistance and difficult installation and adaptation when integrating the smoke exhaust structure with the car body of a rail vehicle. Through a precise adaptation design between the roof opening and the smoke exhaust structure recess 110, the smoke exhaust structure is hidden and integrated, while ensuring the rigidity and sealing of the car body.

[0104] The roof is the top load-bearing and protective component of the vehicle body. It is made of high-strength alloy and has mechanical properties such as resistance to bending and wind pressure. Its core function is to provide an installation benchmark for the smoke exhaust structure while maintaining the integrity of the overall outline of the vehicle body.

[0105] The smoke exhaust structure is integrated through precise docking of the caisson 110 with the roof opening, and the assembly process does not require modification of the core structure of the vehicle body.

[0106] The interior of the vehicle body below the roof opening (such as between the chassis and crossbeams) is reserved for the installation of exhaust pipes. The size of the space is compatible with the outer diameter of the exhaust pipes (including the smoke guide 126) to avoid interference between the pipes and internal components of the vehicle body (such as electrical cables and brake lines). At the same time, a through hole 114 is opened at the corresponding position on the chassis for connecting the exhaust pipes to the exhaust pipe of the diesel generator set at the bottom of the vehicle.

[0107] A maintenance passage is provided inside the vehicle body near the roof opening. The width and height of the passage are adapted to the operation of the operators, making it easy for them to enter the vehicle body to check the welding status of the smoke exhaust structure caisson 110 and the connection status of the smoke exhaust pipe. The inner wall of the maintenance passage is equipped with handrails and lighting interfaces to improve the convenience and safety of maintenance.

[0108] A third aspect of the present invention provides a rail vehicle including the smoke exhaust structure described above; Alternatively, it could include a vehicle body as described above.

[0109] According to the third aspect of the present invention, the concealed exhaust structure of the rail vehicle significantly reduces air resistance, thereby significantly reducing fuel consumption during high-speed operation. It also reduces aerodynamic noise, improves vehicle quietness, and enhances the passenger experience. The heat insulation, sealing, and automatic protection design of the exhaust system effectively copes with complex environments such as rain, dust, and high temperatures, reducing the risk of corrosion, blockage, or high-temperature failure of the exhaust pipes, ensuring safe operation of the vehicle in various scenarios such as mountainous areas, coastal areas, and cold regions. The inspection door design and temperature monitoring and early warning system of the exhaust structure enable maintenance personnel to quickly inspect and handle faults, reducing vehicle downtime for maintenance. Simultaneously, the high reliability design of each component reduces maintenance frequency, improving vehicle operating efficiency and availability.

[0110] The rail vehicle provided in the third aspect of the present invention is a diesel generator set or a diesel generator railcar. In view of the problems of high air resistance, easy damage and inconvenient maintenance caused by the protruding exhaust structure of traditional rail vehicles, the exhaust system is integrated with the vehicle body to achieve efficient adaptation between the exhaust system and the vehicle, while ensuring operational safety and economy.

[0111] The aforementioned smoke exhaust structure (or a car body with a roof opening) is integrated into the installation area of ​​the diesel generator set in the middle or side of the roof of each power car of the rail vehicle. The number of smoke exhaust structures matches the number of diesel generator sets in the car, ensuring that each generator set corresponds to an independent smoke exhaust system. After the smoke exhaust structure's recessed box 110 is embedded into the pre-set opening in the roof, its top is flush with the outer surface of the roof and does not protrude from the car body outline. The installation position of the recessed box 110 avoids other components such as pantographs, air conditioning units, and roof cables. Measurement and calibration ensure that there is no spatial interference between the systems, that it does not exceed the vehicle clearance limits, and that it meets the dimensional requirements for rail operation.

[0112] The vehicle controller is electrically connected to the status monitoring component of the exhaust system to collect real-time operating data of the exhaust system: the temperature sensor monitors the surface temperature of the smoke guide 126 inside the caisson 110. If the temperature exceeds the safe range, the vehicle controller issues a warning signal to remind the operator to check; the pressure sensor monitors the exhaust pressure in the exhaust pipe. If the pressure is abnormal (such as excessive pressure due to pipe blockage), the controller can adjust the output power of the diesel generator set to prevent the fault from escalating.

[0113] A maintenance passage is provided inside the vehicle corresponding to the smoke exhaust structure. The width and height of the passage are adapted to the maintenance needs of operators, facilitating personnel to enter the vehicle body to inspect the welding status of the caisson 110, the connection status of the smoke duct 126, and the working status of the smoke exhaust cap 128. Inspection doors are provided on the end plate 118 or side plate 120 of the caisson 110. Opening the inspection door allows access to the smoke exhaust pipes without disassembling the roof or the main structure of the caisson 110, simplifying maintenance operations.

[0114] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smoke exhaust structure, characterized in that, include: The frame is assembled and welded from multiple profiles, and the frame includes curved beams, longitudinal beams and columns; Multiple plates are connected to the frame, and the multiple plates and the frame together form a caisson with an upper opening; A base plate is installed at the bottom of the caisson, and the base plate is provided with through holes for the passage of exhaust pipes; The caisson is adapted to be installed in a pre-set opening on the roof of the vehicle so that the exhaust structure does not protrude from the outer contour line of the vehicle body after installation.

2. The smoke exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple profiles constituting the frame have a double-layer hollow structure, and the inner cavity of the double-layer hollow structure is filled with heat insulation material.

3. The smoke exhaust structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner surface of the caisson is coated with a heat-insulating coating.

4. The smoke exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an installation frame, which is disposed inside the caisson and fixed to the base plate, and the installation frame is used to support the exhaust pipe.

5. The smoke exhaust structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, A water outlet is provided on the mounting frame.

6. The smoke exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plate body includes end plates and side plates, both of which are welded together from profiles.

7. The smoke exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, An installation base is also provided on the inner wall of the caisson, which is used to provide an installation interface for the heat insulation device.

8. The smoke exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a sealing plate, which is used to weld and seal the gap area on the inside of the roof after the caisson is welded to the roof.

9. The smoke exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, It also includes a smoke guide, which passes through the through hole in the base plate, and the middle part of the smoke guide is provided as a corrugated pipe.

10. The smoke exhaust structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a smoke exhaust cap disposed at the top of the smoke guide pipe, the smoke exhaust cap including a cover plate adapted to be opened under exhaust pressure and fall back under gravity to close the top of the smoke guide pipe.

11. A vehicle body, characterized in that, It includes a roof and a smoke exhaust structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 10; the roof is provided with an opening for installing the smoke exhaust structure, and the smoke exhaust structure is installed in the opening through the recess.

12. A rail vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the smoke exhaust structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 10; Alternatively, it may include the vehicle body as described in claim 11.

Images