Dam body water conservancy system with desilting, stone discharging, floating discharging and lake water stopping functions

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, a sandy river treatment facility is single in function and low in sand and stone grading and separating efficiency, a water body lacks the forced purification capacity, ecological protection is lacked, sediment is deposited, a river channel is lifted, the reservoir capacity is lost, and the ecology is prone to being damaged. The invention provides a dam body water conservancy system with sand, stone and float discharging and lake water stopping functions. The dam body water conservancy system comprises a diversion river sand discharging section, a main river stone discharging and diversion section, a floating object collecting device and a water storage and purification ecological lake, wherein the diversion river sand discharging section is used for discharging floating objects, separating sand and stone, purifying water and constructing an ecological habitat; the diversion river desilting section, the Z-shaped diversion desilting and stone removing channel and the water storage and purification ecological lake are sequentially communicated, a plurality of groups of balance scale type water-stopping buoyancy tanks and chain suspension water-stopping tanks are arranged in the lake, and an outlet of the lake is communicated with a main river. The device has the beneficial effects that sand and stones are accurately and efficiently separated to reduce silt, water quality is forcibly purified, the ecology of aquatic organisms is protected, and the device can flexibly adapt to multi-dimensional cooperative treatment of hydrological working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and more specifically, to a dam water conservancy system with functions of sand and rock removal, floating debris removal, and lake water control. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of water conservancy projects, the management of sediment-laden rivers has long been constrained by multiple challenges. Taking the Yellow River as a typical example, its basin suffers from severe soil erosion. Large amounts of sediment cause riverbed siltation and elevation, which not only reduces the flood discharge cross-section and increases flood control risks, but also causes continuous loss of reservoir capacity, weakening flood control and water storage functions. Frequent dredging is required, resulting in high operation and maintenance costs.

[0003] Existing governance technologies have significant limitations: facilities such as sand-blocking dams and sand-draining tunnels are mostly single-function and cannot systematically solve the problem; conventional methods are difficult to achieve efficient graded separation based on sand and gravel particle size, resulting in low resource recycling rates and a lack of forced water purification methods, leading to high suspended solids content and turbid water quality, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of irrigation and ecological water replenishment; at the same time, traditional water conservancy engineering designs focus on engineering benefits and do not give sufficient consideration to ecological protection, failing to set up protective structures for aquatic organisms such as fish, resulting in habitat destruction and population reduction of aquatic organisms, and even, due to the lack of retention facilities, fish are easily washed into estuaries and other unsuitable living areas, disrupting the ecological balance of rivers.

[0004] In summary, current technologies cannot address the issues of engineering safety, water purification, and ecological protection in a coordinated manner. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive water conservancy solution that integrates multiple functions to overcome the bottlenecks in governance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a dam water conservancy system with functions of sand and stone removal, floating and lake water control, in order to solve the problems of existing river management facilities with high sediment content, such as single function, low efficiency of sand and stone separation, lack of forced water purification capacity, lack of ecological protection, inability to solve siltation, inability to solve river uplift, inability to solve reservoir capacity loss and inability to solve ecological damage.

[0006] The embodiments of the present invention are implemented as follows: This invention provides a dam-type water conservancy system with functions of removing sand, rocks, and floating debris, as well as lake flooding, which is applied to the management of main rivers with abundant floating sand and rocks. It includes multiple sets of dam units arranged sequentially on both sides of the main river. These multiple sets of dam units work together to remove floating debris, separate and transport sand and gravel, purify water quality and build ecological habitats. The aforementioned dam units are equipped with a diversion channel for sand removal, a main channel for rock removal, a floating debris collection device, and a water storage and purification ecological lake, arranged sequentially along the main river flow direction. The riverbed of the aforementioned diversion channel sediment discharge section is provided with an upward-protruding platform in the middle. The riverbed on the side of the platform closest to the bank of the aforementioned main river is a sunken double-layer structure. The upper layer of the riverbed of the aforementioned diversion channel sediment discharge section is provided with several parallel and spaced main channel H-beam grids. The longitudinal direction of the aforementioned main channel H-beam grids extends along the flow direction of the main river and extends to the aforementioned main channel sediment discharge diversion section. The transverse direction of the aforementioned main channel H-beam grids is inclined towards the bank of the main river, with an inclination angle of more than 15°, and 15° to 45° is the optimal inclination angle. The aforementioned diversion river sediment discharge section is connected to a Z-shaped diversion sediment and rock discharge channel on its side. The bottom of the aforementioned Z-shaped diversion sediment and rock discharge channel is connected to the subsided riverbed of the aforementioned diversion river sediment discharge section. The Z-shaped diversion sediment and rock discharge channel is equipped with at least one first gate at its end near the main river. The aforementioned diversion river sediment discharge section and the aforementioned Z-shaped diversion sediment and rock discharge channel have the same subsidence depth and are interconnected. The aforementioned Z-shaped diversion sediment and rock discharge channel is connected to the aforementioned water storage and purification ecological lake. The aforementioned Z-shaped diversion sand and rock discharge channel has sand discharge channels and rock discharge I-beam grids arranged side by side. The rock discharge I-beam grids are suspended above the sand discharge channels. The sand discharge channels and the rock discharge I-beam grids are respectively connected to sand discharge troughs and rock discharge troughs. The sand discharge channels and the rock discharge I-beam grids are inclined towards the sand discharge troughs and the rock discharge troughs. The horizontal and vertical inclination angles of the sand discharge channels and the rock discharge I-beam grids are both 15° to 45°. The vertical inclination angles of the sand discharge troughs and the rock discharge troughs are both 15° to 45°. Several sand collection wells are provided on the flow-direction side of the sand discharge troughs, and a rock collection well is provided at the tail end of the rock discharge troughs. The aforementioned water storage and purification ecological lake is equipped with multiple sets of balance scale-type buoys for water control and chain-suspended buoys for water control and fish interception. The outlet of the aforementioned water storage and purification ecological lake is connected to the main river.

[0007] This implementation plan discloses a dam-type water conservancy system with functions of sand and rock removal, floating debris removal, and lake water control. Due to the collaborative layout and functional integration design of the aforementioned multiple dam units, it can efficiently solve the comprehensive management problem of main rivers with abundant floating sand and rocks. On the one hand, through the sunken double-layer structure of the aforementioned diversion river sand removal section and the aforementioned main river rock removal diversion section, and the aforementioned main river channel I-beam grid inclined towards the riverbank, combined with the upper and lower layers of the aforementioned sand removal channel and the aforementioned rock removal I-beam grid within the aforementioned Z-shaped diversion sand and rock removal channel, precise grading and separation of sand and rocks can be achieved by utilizing the inclined gravity. Then, through the corresponding inclined sand removal trough, the aforementioned rock removal trough, and the supporting sand collection well and rock collection well, the orderly transportation of sand and rocks is completed, avoiding siltation in the main river channel. On the other hand, the aforementioned balance-type floating water control pontoon and the aforementioned chain-suspended water control system within the aforementioned water storage and purification ecological lake... The water tank can forcibly suppress water fluctuations and accelerate the settling of suspended solids to purify water quality, while also intercepting fish to protect ecological habitats. At the same time, the sinking depth of the Z-shaped diversion channel for discharging sand and stones is the same as that of the main river, allowing sand and small stones from the main river to be diverted into the Z-shaped diversion channel. The first gate allows for controlled water intake. With the orderly connection of each unit along the flow direction, the system achieves synergy in the removal of floating debris, separation and transportation of sand and stones, water purification, and ecological protection. This significantly improves the systematicness and efficiency of river management, avoiding the shortcomings of existing technologies that are single-function and inefficient. As a result, a dam-type water conservancy system with functions of discharging sand, stones, and floating debris, as well as lake water control, has the beneficial effects of precise and efficient separation of sand and stones to reduce siltation, forced purification of water quality, protection of aquatic organisms and ecology, and flexible adaptation to hydrological conditions, achieving multi-dimensional synergistic management.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: all of the above-mentioned sand collection wells are of a stepped structure, and the sand collection wells have a coarse sand layer, a medium sand layer and a fine sand layer. A filter grid with sieve holes is provided between the coarse sand layer and the medium sand layer and between the medium sand layer and the fine sand layer. The sieve holes of the filter grid gradually decrease along the water flow direction. The inlet of the coarse sand layer is provided with no less than one second gate. The outlets of the coarse sand layer, the medium sand layer and the fine sand layer are all provided with no less than one first sand gate.

[0009] With this configuration, the aforementioned filter grid can perform precise grading and filtration of sediment from coarse to fine, effectively avoiding the problem of incomplete separation caused by the mixing of sediment of different particle sizes. At the same time, the second gate at the inlet of the coarse sand layer can flexibly control the amount of water and sediment entering, and the first sand discharge gate at the outlet of the coarse sand layer, the medium sand layer, and the fine sand layer can discharge the graded coarse, medium, and fine sand separately. This not only improves the efficiency and accuracy of sediment separation, but also facilitates the targeted recycling of sediment of different particle sizes, further optimizing the sediment treatment and resource utilization effect of the water conservancy system.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the above-mentioned main river channel rock-discharging diversion section has a rock-discharging field, the rock-discharging field is connected to a diversion channel, the diversion channel is connected to the river channel, and at least one first rock-discharging gate is provided between the diversion channel and the rock-discharging field. The outlet of the aforementioned rock dump is connected to a drainage channel. The end of the drainage channel away from the aforementioned rock dump is connected to the main river. The two ends of the drainage channel are respectively higher than the bottom surface of the aforementioned rock dump and the water surface of the main river.

[0011] This configuration connects the river channel and the waste rock dump via the aforementioned diversion channel. The first waste rock dump gate precisely controls the amount and timing of stones entering the waste rock dump, preventing stones from accumulating in the main river channel and affecting flood control or system operation. Furthermore, the drainage channel allows the water separated from the waste rock dump to flow back into the main river. This achieves efficient separation of stones and water, reducing water waste, and the first waste rock dump gate ensures the stability and controllability of the waste rock dumping process. This further enhances the efficiency and practicality of waste rock dumping operations in the main river channel and reduces the impact and interference of stones on subsequent water conservancy facilities.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the above-mentioned floating object collection device has a collection box for filtering floating objects, the collection box is provided with an interception grid, the side of the collection box near the main river is provided with at least one sinking opening and closing floating object gate, and the outlet of the other side of the collection box away from the main river is connected to the drainage channel.

[0013] This configuration effectively intercepts floating debris in the water through the interception grid inside the collection box, preventing it from entering subsequent water conservancy facilities and affecting their operation. The sunken floating debris gate located on the side of the collection box near the main river can flexibly control the opening and closing state of the floating debris gate to adapt to different water levels and flow conditions, ensuring that floating debris enters the collection box smoothly while reducing interference with the normal flow of the main river. At the same time, the outlet on the other side of the collection box is connected to the drainage channel, which can guide the water after intercepting floating debris back to the drainage channel and then flow into the main river, realizing water recycling. This not only improves the targeting and efficiency of floating debris collection but also avoids water waste, further ensuring the stability and environmental protection of the overall operation of the water conservancy system.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the above-mentioned balance scale type water stabilizing pontoon has several sealed cylinders similar to train oil tanks, the middle part of several of the sealed cylinders is mounted on a portal frame through a rotating shaft, the bottom of the portal frame is fixedly installed on the bottom of the above-mentioned water storage and purification ecological lake, and the sealed cylinders float within a limited range.

[0015] This design, employing a sealed cylinder similar to a train oil tank, provides sufficient mass to suppress water fluctuations while allowing for floating within a defined range thanks to the cooperation of the central pivot and the portal frame. This allows for flexible adaptation to changes in lake water level and current disturbances. The portal frame, fixed to the lake bottom, ensures the stability of the balance-type stabilizing pontoon installation, preventing it from shifting with the current and affecting the stabilizing effect. The overall structure effectively forces suspended solids to settle in the lake, improving water purification efficiency. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for complex power drives, achieving stable stabilization through its own structural characteristics. This reduces equipment operating energy consumption and ensures long-term water quality stability and operational reliability for the water-storage and purification ecological lake.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the above-mentioned chain-suspended sump tank has a plurality of evenly distributed floats, and the bottom surfaces of the plurality of floats are connected to the lake bottom base by fish-blocking chains used to prevent fish from entering the sea.

[0017] This configuration, with several evenly distributed floating boxes, can function similarly to water control, helping to suppress lake water fluctuations and accelerate the settling of suspended solids to aid in water purification. Simultaneously, the bottom of the floating boxes is connected to the lakebed base via fish-blocking chains. These chains effectively prevent fish from entering the sea without obstructing water flow, making it the best method for protecting fish ecology and preventing fish from being lost with the current. This not only safeguards the integrity of fish habitats within the lake ecosystem but also eliminates the need for additional complex fish-blocking facilities, achieving a synergy between water control and ecological protection functions, further enhancing the eco-friendliness and functional integration of the water conservancy system.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: a sludge trough is provided on the side of the above-mentioned water storage and purification ecological lake away from the main river. The sludge trough penetrates the lake wall of the above-mentioned water storage and purification ecological lake along the direction of water flow. The sludge trough located inside the above-mentioned water storage and purification ecological lake is an open trough, and the sludge trough located outside the above-mentioned water storage and purification ecological lake is a closed trough. The open trough is provided with not less than one sludge discharge gate. The horizontal and vertical inclination angles of the bottom of the aforementioned water storage and purification ecological lakes are both 15° to 45°, and the vertical inclination angle of the aforementioned sludge troughs is 15° to 45°.

[0019] This design, with its horizontal and vertical inclinations of 15° to 45° along the lake bottom, allows gravity to guide the settled sludge in the lake to converge at lower elevations. Simultaneously, the 15° to 45° vertical inclination of the sludge trough further accelerates the sludge flow towards the underground trough. Combined with the internal open trough for natural sludge aggregation and the external underground trough for concealed transport, this effectively prevents sludge deposition and blockage, and avoids pollution of the surrounding environment during transport. The sludge discharge gates on the open trough allow for flexible control of the timing and volume of sludge discharge, preventing secondary suspension of sludge from affecting water quality while ensuring efficient and controllable sludge discharge. The overall structure, through its inclined guidance and the synergy of the trough and gates, significantly improves the efficiency of sludge collection and discharge, maintaining the water purification capacity of the ecological lake in the long term and ensuring stable system operation.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: among the plurality of sand collection wells, the sand collection wells closest to the first gate are connected to the canyon subsidence area through a sand discharge channel. A water guide channel is connected between the sand discharge channel and the water storage and purification ecological lake. The bottom of the water guide channel at the inlet end is higher than the bottom surface of the sand discharge channel, and the bottom of the water guide channel at the outlet end is higher than the surface of the water storage and purification ecological lake. A first control gate and a second control gate are respectively provided at both ends of the water guide channel. The longitudinal inclination angles of the aforementioned sand discharge channel and the aforementioned water guide channel are both 15° to 45°.

[0021] This configuration, by connecting the sand collection well near the first gate to the canyon subsidence area via the sand discharge channel, combined with a longitudinal inclination of 15° to 45°, allows for efficient guidance of the sediment separated from the sand collection well to the canyon subsidence area by gravity, thus improving sand discharge efficiency. The design of the bottom of the water guide channel at the inlet end being higher than the bottom of the sand discharge channel and the bottom of the water guide channel at the outlet end being higher than the surface of the water storage and purification ecological lake, prevents sediment from flowing back into the water guide channel or water from flowing back into the water storage and purification ecological lake. At the same time, the first and second control gates at both ends of the water guide channel can flexibly regulate water flow, achieving controllable guidance of water between the sand discharge channel and the water storage and purification ecological lake. The overall structure not only ensures the stability and efficiency of sediment transport to the canyon subsidence area, but also prevents sediment mixing and backflow through water level difference and gate control, further optimizing the sediment treatment and water resource allocation effects of the water conservancy system.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: a pump room for flushing the water guide channel and the sand discharge channel is provided between the water guide channel and the sand discharge channel.

[0023] This configuration allows for regular or on-demand flushing of the aforementioned water diversion channel and sand discharge channel using the flushing function of the pumping station. This effectively removes residual sediment buildup within the channels, preventing sediment buildup and blockage that could affect sand discharge and diversion efficiency. Simultaneously, it eliminates the need for natural water flow flushing, proactively and efficiently maintaining the unobstructed flow of the water diversion channel and sand discharge channel. This reduces the frequency of system maintenance and costs associated with channel blockages, further ensuring the stability of the sand discharge channel's transport of sediment to the canyon subsidence area and the water diversion channel's water allocation, thereby enhancing the overall reliability and durability of the water conservancy system.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the above-mentioned canyon subsidence area has a number of soil cultivation ponds and a number of subsidence ponds, the number of soil cultivation ponds are connected to the number of subsidence ponds through a number of open ditches, the outlet of the above-mentioned sludge trough and the outlet of the above-mentioned sand discharge channel are both connected to the number of soil cultivation ponds, and the number of soil cultivation ponds are provided with interconnection gates. The aforementioned sludge tank outlet and the aforementioned sand discharge channel outlet are each equipped with at least one sludge discharge outlet gate and one sand discharge outlet gate.

[0025] This configuration, by separately introducing the sludge from the sludge tank and the sediment from the sand discharge channel into the soil cultivation pond, and combining this with the open ditch connecting the soil cultivation pond and the sedimentation pond, allows for the coordinated sedimentation and soil cultivation, laying the foundation for subsequent land reclamation and other resource utilization. The interconnecting gates between the soil cultivation ponds can flexibly adjust the sediment distribution in each pond, ensuring uniform cultivation results. Meanwhile, the sludge discharge gate at the outlet of the underground ditch and the sand discharge gate at the outlet of the sand discharge channel can precisely control the amount and timing of sludge and sand transport, preventing excessive sediment accumulation from affecting sedimentation and cultivation efficiency. The overall structure achieves centralized collection and efficient treatment of sediment, and enhances the controllability and practicality of sediment resource utilization through separate control and interconnection design, further strengthening the ecological benefits of the water conservancy system in "turning waste into treasure."

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a hydrological monitoring station is provided on the bank of the above-mentioned water storage and purification ecological lake near the above-mentioned water diversion channel.

[0027] This setup facilitates real-time monitoring of hydrological parameters related to water level, flow velocity, water volume, and water quality within the lake, enabling precise understanding of the lake's water storage status and purification effect. Combined with the water diversion function of the aforementioned diversion channel, the opening and closing degree of the channel gates can be adjusted promptly based on monitoring data, accurately controlling the amount and timing of water replenishment to the lake. This prevents the lake's water level from being too high or too low, which could affect its purification and storage functions. Simultaneously, it allows for the timely detection of water quality anomalies and the implementation of control measures. This provides data support for the stable operation of the aforementioned water storage and purification ecological lake and the overall water resource allocation of the water conservancy system, further enhancing the accuracy, stability, and ecological protection capabilities of the system.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the water outlet channel of the above-mentioned water storage and purification ecological lake is provided with a fire well and an irrigation well. The inlet and outlet of the above-mentioned fire well are respectively provided with no less than one fire-fighting water inlet gate and a fire-fighting water outlet gate, and the above-mentioned fire-fighting water outlet gate is connected to a fire-fighting conduit. The irrigation wells mentioned above are equipped with at least one irrigation inlet gate and one irrigation outlet gate at their inlet and outlet, and the irrigation outlet gates are connected to irrigation conduits.

[0029] This configuration, by setting up the aforementioned fire-fighting wells and irrigation wells, allows the water purified by the aforementioned water storage and purification ecological lake to be used for fire-fighting and irrigation respectively, expanding the resource utilization scenarios of purified water. The fire-fighting inlet and outlet gates at the inlet and outlet of the aforementioned fire-fighting wells, and the irrigation inlet and outlet gates at the inlet and outlet of the aforementioned irrigation wells, can precisely control the timing and volume of water intake for fire-fighting and irrigation, avoiding water use conflicts or water waste. With the corresponding fire-fighting and irrigation conduits, directional water transport can be achieved. The overall structure not only makes full use of the high-quality water source after water purification by the aforementioned water storage and purification ecological lake, but also ensures the on-demand supply of water for fire-fighting and irrigation through gate regulation, further improving the water resource utilization efficiency and comprehensive service capacity of the water conservancy system, and helping to balance ecological purification with production, daily life, and emergency support needs.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the above-mentioned stone collection well has a first chamber and a second chamber, the stone inlet of the first chamber is provided with not less than one first stone inlet gate, and not less than one second stone inlet gate is provided between the first chamber and the second chamber.

[0031] This configuration, through the hierarchical arrangement of the first and second chambers, coupled with the dual regulation of the first stone inlet gate controlling the entry of stones into the first chamber and the second stone inlet gate controlling the entry of stones from the first chamber into the second chamber, enables the phased collection and transportation of stones. This avoids a large influx of stones at once, which could cause chamber blockage or concentrated pressure on subsequent processing. Simultaneously, the dual-gate design allows for flexible control of the timing and amount of stones entering different chambers, ensuring orderly stone collection while reserving operational space for subsequent stone sorting and discharge operations. This further enhances the stone collection efficiency and management flexibility of the stone collection well, reducing the interference of stone accumulation on the operation of the water conservancy system.

[0032] In summary, the dam water conservancy system disclosed in this invention, which has the functions of sand and stone removal, floating debris removal, and lake water control, has the beneficial effects of precise and efficient separation of sand and stones to reduce siltation, forced purification of water quality, protection of aquatic organisms and ecology, and flexible adaptation to hydrological conditions, and multi-dimensional collaborative governance. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the plan structure of a dam water conservancy system with functions of sand and rock removal, floating debris removal, and lake water control in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a first partial enlarged view of a dam water conservancy system with functions of sand and rock removal, floating debris removal, and lake water control in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a second enlarged view of a dam water conservancy system with functions of sand and rock removal, floating debris removal, and lake water control in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a third enlarged view of a dam water conservancy system with functions of sand and rock removal, floating debris removal, and lake water control in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a fourth enlarged view of a dam water conservancy system with functions of sand and rock removal, floating debris removal, and lake water control in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sand collection well in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the Z-shaped sand and rock discharge channel in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the chain-suspended water tank in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Icons: 1-Main river, 2-Multiple dam units, 3-Diversion channel sediment discharge section, 4-Main river channel rock discharge diversion section, 5-Floating debris collection device, 6-Water storage and purification ecological lake, 7-Main river channel H-beam steel grid, 8-Z-shaped diversion sediment and rock discharge channel, 9-First gate, 10-Sediment discharge channel, 11-Rock discharge H-beam steel grid, 12-Sediment discharge trough, 13-Rock discharge trough, 14-Sediment collection well, 15-Rock collection well, 16-Balance scale 17-Chain-suspended sump tank for water sluice gate; 18-Coarse sand layer; 19-Medium sand layer; 20-Fine sand layer; 21-Filter screen; 22-Second gate; 23-First sand discharge gate; 24-Stone discharge area; 25-Diversion channel; 26-First stone discharge gate; 27-Drainage channel; 28-Collection box; 29-Interception screen; 30-Floating debris gate; 31-Sealed cylinder; 32-Rotating shaft; 33-Gate frame Frame, 34-Floating box, 35-Fish barrier chain, 36-Lakebed base, 37-Sludge trough, 38-Open channel, 39-Underground channel, 40-Sludge discharge gate, 41-Sand discharge channel, 42-Canyon settling area, 43-Water guide channel, 44-First control gate, 45-Second control gate, 46-Pump house, 47-Soil cultivation pond, 48-Settling pond, 49-Open ditch, 50-Interchange gate, 51-Sludge discharge outlet gate, 52- 53-Sediment discharge outlet gate, 54-Hydrological monitoring station, 55-Fire well, 56-Irrigation well, 57-Fire inlet gate, 58-Fire outlet gate, 59-Irrigation inlet gate, 60-Irrigation outlet gate, 61-Irrigation conduit, 62-First chamber, 63-Second chamber, 64-First rock inlet gate, 65-Second rock inlet gate, 66-Switch gate, 67-Platform. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0037] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0038] Example See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5, Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 This embodiment proposes a dam-type water conservancy system with functions of removing sand, rocks, and floating debris, as well as lake water control, which is applied to the treatment of a main river with a lot of floating sand and rocks: It includes multiple sets of dam units 2 arranged sequentially on both sides of the main river 1. The multiple sets of dam units 2 work together to remove floating debris, separate and transport sand and gravel, purify water quality and build ecological habitats. Multiple dam units 2 are equipped with a diversion channel sediment discharge section 3, a main channel rock discharge diversion section 4, a floating debris collection device 5, and a water storage and purification ecological lake 6 arranged sequentially along the main river 1. The riverbed of the diversion channel sediment discharge section 3 is provided with an upwardly protruding platform 67 in the middle. The riverbed of the platform 67 near the bank of the main river 1 has a sunken double-layer structure. The upper layer of the riverbed of the diversion channel sediment discharge section 3 is provided with several parallel and spaced main channel I-beam steel grids 7. The longitudinal direction of the main channel I-beam steel grids 7 extends along the flow direction of the main river 1 and extends to the main channel sediment discharge diversion section 4. The transverse direction of the main channel I-beam steel grids 7 is inclined towards the bank of the main river 1, and the inclination angle is above 15°, with 15° to 45° being the optimal inclination angle. The side of the diversion river sediment discharge section 3 is connected to a Z-shaped diversion sediment discharge and rock discharge channel 8. The bottom of the Z-shaped diversion sediment discharge and rock discharge channel 8 is connected to the riverbed that has sunk in the diversion river sediment discharge section 3. At least one first gate 9 is provided at the end of the Z-shaped diversion sediment discharge and rock discharge channel 8 that is close to the main river 1. The diversion river sediment discharge section 3 and the Z-shaped diversion sediment discharge and rock discharge channel 8 have the same sinking depth and are interconnected. The Z-shaped diversion sediment discharge and rock discharge channel 8 is connected to the water storage and purification ecological lake 6. The Z-shaped diversion sand and stone discharge channel 8 has a sand discharge channel 10 and a stone discharge I-beam grid 11 arranged side by side. The stone discharge I-beam grid 11 is suspended above the sand discharge channel 10. The sand discharge channel 10 and the stone discharge I-beam grid 11 are respectively connected to the sand discharge trough 12 and the stone discharge trough 13. The sand discharge channel 10 and the stone discharge I-beam grid 11 are inclined towards the sand discharge trough 12 and the stone discharge trough 13. The horizontal and vertical inclination angles of the sand discharge channel 10 and the stone discharge I-beam grid 11 are both 15° to 45°. The vertical inclination angles of the sand discharge trough 12 and the stone discharge trough 13 are both 15° to 45°. Several sand collection wells 14 are provided on the flow side of the sand discharge trough 12, and a stone collection well 15 is provided at the tail end of the stone discharge trough 13. The water storage and purification ecological lake 6 is equipped with multiple sets of balance scale-type water-suppressing buoys 16 and chain-suspended water-suppressing tanks 17 used to suppress water and intercept fish. The outlet of the water storage and purification ecological lake 6 is connected to the main river 1.

[0039] This implementation plan discloses a dam-type water conservancy system with functions of sand and rock removal, floating debris removal, and lake stabilization. Due to the collaborative layout and functional integration design of multiple dam units 2, it can efficiently solve the comprehensive management problem of the main river 1 with abundant floating sand and rocks. On the one hand, through the sunken double-layer structure of the sand removal section 3 of the diversion channel and the rock removal diversion section 4 of the main river, and the inclined I-beam steel grid 7 of the main river channel, combined with the upper and lower layered sand removal channels 10 and rock removal I-beam steel grid 11 within the Z-shaped sand and rock removal channel 8, precise grading and separation of sand and rocks can be achieved by utilizing the inclined gravity. Then, through the corresponding inclined sand removal trough 12, rock removal trough 13, and supporting sand collection wells 14 and rock collection wells 15, the orderly transportation of sand and rocks is completed, avoiding siltation in the main river channel. On the other hand, the balance-type stabilization floating box 16 and the chain-suspended stabilization box 17 within the water storage and purification ecological lake 6... This system can forcibly suppress water fluctuations and accelerate the settling of suspended solids to purify water quality, while also intercepting fish to protect ecological habitats. At the same time, the Z-shaped diversion channel 8 sinks to the same depth as the main river 1, allowing sand and small stones at the sinking point of the main river 1 to be guided into the Z-shaped diversion channel 8. The first gate 9 allows for controlled water intake. With the orderly connection of each unit along the flow direction, it achieves the synergy of floating debris removal, sand and gravel separation and transportation, water purification and ecological protection, greatly improving the systematicness and efficiency of river management. It avoids the shortcomings of existing technologies that are single-function and inefficient. As a result, a dam-type water conservancy system with functions of sand, stone, and floating debris removal as well as lake water control has the beneficial effects of precise and efficient separation of sand and gravel to reduce siltation, forced water purification, protection of aquatic organisms and ecology, and flexible adaptation to hydrological conditions.

[0040] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8Several sand collection wells 14 are of stepped structure, each having a coarse sand layer 18, a medium sand layer 19, and a fine sand layer 20. Filter grids 21 with perforated screens are installed between the coarse sand layer 18 and the medium sand layer 19, and between the medium sand layer 19 and the fine sand layer 20. The perforation of the filter grids 21 gradually decreases along the water flow direction. The inlet of the coarse sand layer 18 is equipped with at least one second gate 22, and the outlets of the coarse sand layer 18, the medium sand layer 19, and the fine sand layer 20 are each equipped with at least one first sand gate 23. The filter grids 21 can filter the sediment. The precise grading filtration from coarse to fine effectively avoids the problem of incomplete separation caused by the mixing of sediments of different particle sizes. At the same time, the second gate 22 at the inlet of the coarse sand layer 18 can flexibly control the amount of water and sediment entering. The first sand discharge gate 23 at the outlet of the coarse sand layer 18, the medium sand layer 19, and the fine sand layer 20 can discharge the graded coarse, medium, and fine sand separately, which not only improves the efficiency and accuracy of sediment separation, but also facilitates the targeted recycling of sediments of different particle sizes, further optimizing the sediment treatment and resource utilization effect of the water conservancy system.

[0041] The main channel's rock-discharge diversion section 4 has a rock-discharge yard 24, which is connected to a diversion channel 25. The diversion channel 25 connects to the river channel, and at least one first rock-discharge gate 26 is provided between the diversion channel 25 and the rock-discharge yard 24. The outlet of the rock-discharge yard 24 is connected to a drainage channel 27. The end of the drainage channel 27 away from the rock-discharge yard 24 connects to the main river 1. Both ends of the drainage channel 27 are higher than the bottom surface of the rock-discharge yard 24 and the water surface of the main river 1, respectively. In this way, the diversion channel 25 connects the river channel and the rock-discharge yard 24, and the first rock-discharge gate 26 is provided between the diversion channel 25 and the main river 1. The first row of stone gates 26 precisely controls the amount and timing of stones entering the waste rock dump 24, preventing stones from accumulating in the main river channel and affecting flood control or system operation. In addition, the drainage channel 27 is used to return the water separated from the waste rock dump 24 to the main river 1, which not only achieves efficient separation of stones and water, reducing water waste, but also ensures the stability and controllability of the waste rock dumping process through the regulation of the first row of stone gates 26, further improving the efficiency and practicality of waste rock dumping operations in the main river channel and reducing the impact and interference of stones on subsequent water conservancy facilities.

[0042] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8The floating debris collection device 5 has a collection box 28 for filtering floating debris. The collection box 28 contains an intercepting gate 29. On the side of the collection box 28 closest to the main river 1, there is at least one sunken, openable floating debris gate 30. The outlet on the other side of the collection box 28, away from the main river 1, connects to a drainage channel 27. The intercepting gate 29 within the collection box 28 effectively intercepts floating debris in the water, preventing it from entering subsequent water conservancy facilities and affecting their operation. The sunken, openable floating debris gate 30 on the side of the collection box 28 closest to the main river 1... The gate 30 can flexibly control the opening and closing state of the floating debris gate 30 to adapt to different water levels and flow conditions, ensuring that the floating debris can smoothly enter the collection box 28 and reducing interference with the normal flow of the main river. At the same time, the outlet on the other side of the collection box 28 is connected to the drainage channel 27, which can guide the water after intercepting the floating debris back to the drainage channel 27 and then flow into the main river 1, realizing the recycling of water. This not only improves the targeting and efficiency of floating debris collection, but also avoids water waste and further ensures the stability and environmental protection of the overall operation of the water conservancy system.

[0043] The balance-type water-stabilizing float 16 has several sealed cylinders 31 similar to train oil tanks. The middle of the sealed cylinders 31 is mounted on a portal frame 33 via a pivot 32. The bottom of the portal frame 33 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the water-storage and purification ecological lake 6. The sealed cylinders 31 float within a limited range. By using sealed cylinders 31 similar to train oil tanks, it has sufficient mass to suppress water fluctuations and can float within a limited range by relying on the cooperation of the pivot 32 and the portal frame 33. It can flexibly adapt to changes in water level and water flow disturbances in the lake. The portal frame 33 is fixed to the bottom of the lake to ensure the stability of the balance-type water-stabilizing float 16 and prevent it from shifting with the water flow, thus affecting the water-stabilizing effect. The overall structure can effectively force the sedimentation of suspended solids in the lake, improve the water purification efficiency, and achieve stable water stabilization without the need for complex power drive. It can reduce the energy consumption of equipment operation and ensure the long-term stability of water quality and operational reliability of the water-storage and purification ecological lake 6.

[0044] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8The chain-suspended water-control tank 17 has several evenly distributed pontoons 34. The bottom surfaces of the pontoons 34 are connected to the lake bottom base 36 via fish-blocking chains 35 to prevent fish from entering the sea. The evenly distributed pontoons 34 can play a similar role in controlling water flow, helping to suppress water fluctuations in the lake and accelerate the settling of suspended solids to aid in water purification. At the same time, the bottom surfaces of the pontoons 34 are connected to the lake bottom base 36 via fish-blocking chains 35. The fish-blocking chains 35 can effectively prevent fish from entering the sea without obstructing water flow, which is the best way to protect fish ecology and prevent fish from being lost with the water flow. This not only ensures the integrity of fish habitats in the lake ecosystem, but also eliminates the need for additional complex fish-blocking facilities, achieving synergy between water control and ecological protection functions, and further enhancing the eco-friendliness and functional integration of the water conservancy system.

[0045] A sludge trough 37 is constructed on the side of the water storage and purification ecological lake 6 away from the main river 1. The sludge trough 37 runs through the lake wall along the direction of water flow. The sludge trough 37 located inside the water storage and purification ecological lake 6 is an open trough 38, and the sludge trough 37 located outside the water storage and purification ecological lake 6 is a closed trough 39. The open trough 38 is equipped with at least one sludge discharge gate 40. The horizontal and vertical inclination angles of the lake bottom of the water storage and purification ecological lake 6 are both 15° to 45°, and the vertical inclination angle of the sludge trough 37 is also 15° to 45°. Through the horizontal and vertical inclination design of the lake bottom at 15° to 45°, gravity can be used to guide sedimentation within the lake. Sludge gathers in lower areas, and the longitudinal inclination angle of sludge trough 37 (15°–45°) further accelerates the flow of sludge towards the dark trough 39. Combined with the design of an internal open trough 38 for natural sludge gathering and an external dark trough 39 for concealed transport, this effectively avoids sludge deposition and blockage or pollution of the surrounding environment during transport. The sludge discharge gate 40 on the open trough 38 can flexibly control the timing and volume of sludge discharge, preventing secondary suspension of sludge from affecting water quality and ensuring efficient and controllable sludge discharge. The overall structure, through inclined guidance and the coordination of the trough and gate, significantly improves the efficiency of sludge collection and discharge, maintains the water purification capacity of the water storage and purification ecological lake 6 in the long term, and ensures the stable operation of the system.

[0046] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8Among several sand collection wells 14, the sand collection well 14 closest to the first gate 9 is connected to the canyon subsidence area 42 via a sand discharge channel 41. A water guide channel 43 connects the sand discharge channel 41 to the water storage and purification ecological lake 6. The bottom of the water guide channel 43 at the inlet end is higher than the bottom of the sand discharge channel 41, and the bottom of the water guide channel 43 at the outlet end is higher than the surface of the water storage and purification ecological lake 6. A first control gate 44 and a second control gate 45 are respectively installed at both ends of the water guide channel 43. The longitudinal inclination angle of the sand discharge channel 41 and the water guide channel 43 is 15° to 45°. By connecting the sand collection well 14 closest to the first gate 9 to the canyon subsidence area 42 via the sand discharge channel 41, and with the longitudinal inclination design of 15° to 45°, the mud separated from the sand collection well 14 can be efficiently guided by gravity. The sand flows towards the canyon subsidence area 42, improving sand removal efficiency. The design of the bottom of the water guide channel 43, with the inlet end higher than the bottom of the sand removal channel 41 and the outlet end higher than the surface of the water storage and purification ecological lake 6, can prevent the backflow of sediment from the sand removal channel 41 into the water guide channel 43 or the backflow of water from the water storage and purification ecological lake 6 into the sand removal channel 41. At the same time, the first control gate 44 and the second control gate 45 at both ends of the water guide channel 43 can flexibly regulate the water flow, realizing the controllable diversion of water between the sand removal channel 41 and the water storage and purification ecological lake 6. The overall structure not only ensures the stability and efficiency of sediment transport to the canyon subsidence area 42, but also prevents sediment from mixing and flowing back through water level difference and gate control, further optimizing the sediment treatment and water resource allocation effect of the water conservancy system.

[0047] A pump house 46 is provided between the water diversion channel 43 and the sand discharge channel 41 for flushing the water diversion channel 43 and the sand discharge channel 41. This allows the water diversion channel 43 and the sand discharge channel 41 to be flushed regularly or as needed using the flushing function of the pump house 46, effectively removing residual silt and preventing silt from clogging the channel and affecting the efficiency of sand discharge and diversion. At the same time, it does not rely on natural water flow for flushing, and can actively and efficiently maintain the unobstructed flow of the water diversion channel 43 and the sand discharge channel 41, reducing the frequency of system maintenance and maintenance costs caused by channel blockage. This further ensures the stability of the sand discharge channel 41 in transporting silt to the canyon subsidence area 42 and the water diversion channel 43 in regulating water, and improves the overall reliability and durability of the water conservancy system.

[0048] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The canyon subsidence area 42 has several soil cultivation ponds 47 and several sedimentation ponds 48. The soil cultivation ponds 47 are connected to the sedimentation ponds 48 through several open ditches 49. The outlet of the sludge trough 39 and the outlet of the sand discharge channel 41 are both connected to the soil cultivation ponds 47. The soil cultivation ponds 47 are connected to each other by interconnecting gates 50. The sludge tank 37's concealed outlet 39 and the sand discharge channel 41's outlet are each equipped with at least one sludge discharge gate 51 and a sand discharge gate 52. By introducing the sludge from the sludge tank 37 and the sediment from the sand discharge channel 41 into the soil cultivation tank 47, and with the connection design between the soil cultivation tank 47 and the open ditch 49 of the sedimentation tank 48, sedimentation and soil cultivation can be carried out in a coordinated manner, laying the foundation for subsequent land reclamation and other resource utilization. The interconnecting gates 50 between the soil cultivation tanks 47 can be flexibly... The distribution of sludge in each pool is adjusted to ensure uniform cultivation. The sludge discharge gate 51 at the outlet of the submerged channel 39 and the sand discharge gate 52 at the outlet of the sand discharge channel 41 can precisely control the amount and timing of sludge and sand transport, avoiding excessive accumulation of sludge and sand that would affect the sedimentation and cultivation efficiency. The overall structure not only achieves centralized collection and efficient treatment of sludge, but also improves the controllability and practicality of sludge resource utilization through separate control and interconnection design, further enhancing the ecological benefits of the water conservancy system in "turning waste into treasure".

[0049] A hydrological monitoring station 53 is installed on the bank of the water storage and purification ecological lake 6 near the water diversion channel 43. This facilitates real-time monitoring of hydrological parameters related to water level, flow velocity, water volume, and water quality within the lake, allowing for accurate understanding of the lake's water storage status and purification effect. Combined with the water diversion function of the water diversion channel 43, the opening and closing degree of the gates of the water diversion channel 43 can be adjusted in a timely manner based on monitoring data, precisely controlling the amount and timing of water replenishment to the lake. This prevents the lake's water level from being too high or too low, which could affect its purification and water storage functions. At the same time, it can promptly detect water quality anomalies and take control measures, providing data support for the stable operation of the water storage and purification ecological lake 6 and the overall water resource allocation of the water conservancy system, further enhancing the accuracy, stability, and ecological protection capabilities of the system operation.

[0050] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The water outlet channel of the water storage and purification ecological lake 6 is equipped with a fire well 54 and an irrigation well 55. The inlet and outlet of the fire well 54 are equipped with at least one fire-fighting water inlet gate 56 and a fire-fighting water outlet gate 57, respectively. The fire-fighting water outlet gate 57 is connected to a fire-fighting conduit 58. The irrigation well 55 is equipped with at least one irrigation inlet gate 59 and one irrigation outlet gate 60 at its inlet and outlet. The irrigation outlet gate 60 is connected to an irrigation conduit 61. By setting up fire well 54 and irrigation well 55, the water purified by the water storage and purification ecological lake 6 can be used for fire fighting and irrigation respectively, expanding the resource utilization scenarios of purified water. The fire inlet gate 56 and fire outlet gate 57 at the inlet and outlet of the fire well 54, and the irrigation inlet gate 59 and irrigation outlet gate 60 at the inlet and outlet of the irrigation well 55 can accurately control the timing and amount of water intake for fire fighting and irrigation, avoiding water use conflicts or water waste. With the corresponding fire conduit 58 and irrigation conduit 61, the directional transportation of water can be realized. The overall structure not only makes full use of the high-quality water source after water purification in the water storage and purification ecological lake 6, but also ensures the on-demand supply of water for fire fighting and irrigation through gate regulation, further improving the water resource utilization efficiency and comprehensive service capacity of the water conservancy system, and helping to balance ecological purification with production, life and emergency needs.

[0051] The stone collection well 15 has a first chamber 62 and a second chamber 63. The stone inlet of the first chamber 62 is equipped with at least one first stone inlet gate 64, and at least one second stone inlet gate 65 is provided between the first chamber 62 and the second chamber 63. Through the hierarchical arrangement of the first chamber 62 and the second chamber 63, combined with the dual regulation of the first stone inlet gate 64 controlling the entry of stones into the first chamber 62 and the second stone inlet gate 65 controlling the entry of stones from the first chamber 62 into the second chamber 63, the stone collection and transportation of stones can be realized in stages, avoiding the blockage of the chambers or the concentration of pressure in subsequent processing caused by a large number of stones rushing in at once. At the same time, the dual gate design can flexibly control the timing and amount of stone entering different chambers, ensuring the orderly collection of stones and reserving operating space for subsequent stone classification or discharge operations, further improving the stone collection efficiency and management flexibility of the stone collection well 15, and reducing the interference of stone accumulation on the operation of the water conservancy system.

[0052] In this embodiment, when the width of the main river 1 is less than 100 meters, multiple sets of dam units 2 are constructed on one side of the main river 1; when the width of the main river 1 is greater than 100 meters, multiple sets of dam units 2 are constructed on both sides of the main river 1.

[0053] In this embodiment, when multiple dam units 2 are constructed on both sides of the main river 1, the two water storage and purification ecological lakes 6 on both sides of the main river 1 release water alternately. While one side stores water, the other side releases water. This allows the water to remain in the water storage and purification ecological lake 6 for a longer period, which facilitates the deposition of sediment in the water and makes the water quality in the water storage and purification ecological lake 6 better, thus avoiding more sediment being discharged into the downstream of the river.

[0054] In this embodiment, a switch gate 66 is provided on the sand discharge channel 41 between the first control gate 44 and the pump room 46.

[0055] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 In this embodiment, the sinking depth of the diversion channel sediment discharge section 3 and the Z-shaped diversion sediment and rock discharge channel 8 is 1 to 2 meters; the upper layer of the diversion channel sediment discharge section 3 is provided with the main channel H-beam grid 7 and extends to the main channel rock discharge diversion section 4; the upper layer of the Z-shaped diversion sediment and rock discharge channel 8 is provided with the rock discharge H-beam grid 11; the main channel H-beam grid 7 and the rock discharge H-beam grid 11 are composed of multiple parallel H-beams, and the laying plane is parallel to the lower inclined riverbed and the spacing is consistent.

[0056] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 In specific implementation, the spacing and location of multiple dam units 2 can be determined first based on the hydrological parameters of the main river 1 with abundant floating sand and gravel (such as flow velocity, water depth, and sand and gravel particle size distribution). This ensures that the diversion channel sediment discharge section 3, the main channel rock discharge diversion section 4, the floating debris collection device 5, and the water storage and purification ecological lake 6 are sequentially connected along the flow direction. During construction, a sunken double-layer structure of the diversion channel sediment discharge section 3 is constructed, tilted from the middle of the river towards the riverbank. The upper layer of the diversion channel sediment discharge section 3 is laid with main channel H-beam grid 7, and the upper layer of the Z-shaped diversion sediment and rock discharge channel 8 is laid with rock discharge H-beam grid 11. This ensures that the rock discharge H-beam grid 11 is suspended above the sediment discharge channel 10, and simultaneously... Set up sand discharge troughs 12 and stone discharge troughs 13, along with supporting sand collection wells 14 and stone collection wells 15, according to the corresponding inclination angles. Install the first gate 9 at the end of the Z-shaped diversion sand and stone discharge channel 8 that connects to the main river 1. Subsequently, deploy multiple sets of balance scale-type water stabilization floating boxes 16 and chain-suspended water stabilization boxes 17 in the water storage and purification ecological lake 6 to complete the connection between the lake outlet and the main river 1. During the operation phase, the inflow rate is controlled by adjusting the first gate 9. The gravity of each inclined structure is used to achieve graded separation and transportation of sand and gravel. The water stabilization facilities are used to purify the water quality and intercept fish. The sand and gravel are cleaned regularly through the sand collection wells 14 and stone collection wells 15 to ensure the continuous and efficient operation of the system.

[0057] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8The specific usage steps of the dam water conservancy system with sand, stone, and floating functions, as well as lake water control functions, in this embodiment are as follows: Step 1: System startup and water intake control. Open the first gate 9, the first stone discharge gate 26, and the floating debris gate 30. Adjust the opening degree of the first gate 9, the first stone discharge gate 26, and the floating debris gate 30 according to the river flow conditions to control the amount of water entering the Z-shaped diversion sand and stone discharge channel 8, the stone discharge field 24, and the collection box 28. Ensure that there is enough water flow to carry sand, stones, and floating debris into the Z-shaped diversion sand and stone discharge channel 8, the stone discharge field 24, and the collection box 28 respectively, and avoid excessive water volume causing channel congestion.

[0058] Step two: separation and transport of floating objects and sand. After the water flow carries the floating objects and sand into the system, the floating objects are intercepted by the pre-positioned floating object collection device 5 (the collected floating objects are cleaned manually or mechanically periodically); the sand and gravel enter the Z-shaped guide sand and stone discharge channel 8 with the water flow. Due to their large particle size, the stones are intercepted by the stone discharge I-beam grid 11 and slide into the stone discharge trough 13 along the 15° to 45° inclined stone discharge I-beam grid 11, and finally enter the stone collection well 15; the fine sand falls into the lower sand discharge channel 10 through the gaps in the grid, flows into the sand discharge trough 12 along the inclined sand discharge channel 10, and is then collected through the sand collection well 14 on the side of the sand discharge trough 12. Step 3: Water purification and ecological protection. After the sand and gravel separation, the water flows into the water storage and purification ecological lake 6. The balance scale-type stabilizing buoy 16 in the lake suppresses water fluctuations and accelerates the settling of fine suspended solids remaining in the water. At the same time, the chain-suspended stabilizing buoy 17 assists in stabilizing the water and intercepts fish to prevent them from flowing out of the lake with the water flow, thus ensuring the stability of the aquatic habitat in the lake. After stabilization, the lake water is discharged into the main river 1. Step 4: System maintenance and cyclical operation. Regularly clean the stones in the stone collection well 15 and the fine sand in the sand collection well 14 (the sand and gravel can be recycled for building materials, land reclamation, etc.). Check and maintain the sealing of the gates and the stability of the water control facilities. Adjust the opening and closing degree of the first gate 9, the first stone removal gate 26 and the floating debris gate 30 according to seasonal changes (such as flood season and dry season) to ensure that the system continuously adapts to the hydrological changes of the river section and achieves long-term stable functions of sand removal, stone removal, floating debris removal, water purification and ecological protection.

[0059] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dam body water conservancy system with the functions of sand, stone and floating removal and lake water calming, characterized in that, The application is applied to the main river governance of multi-sand stone floating object. The application comprises a plurality of dam body units (2) arranged on both sides or one side of the main river (1) in sequence, which cooperatively remove floating objects, separate and transport sand and stone, purify water quality and build ecological habitat. The plurality of dam body units (2) are provided with a diversion river sand discharge section (3), a main river channel stone discharge diversion section (4), a floating object collecting device (5) and a water storage and purification ecological lake (6) arranged in sequence along the flow direction of the main river (1). The middle of the river bottom of the diversion river sand discharge section (3) is provided with an upwardly protruding platform (67), the side of the river bed close to the bank of the main river (1) is a sunken double-layer structure, the upper layer of the river bed of the diversion river sand discharge section (3) is provided with a plurality of parallel and spaced main river channel H-shaped steel grids (7), the longitudinal direction of the plurality of main river channel H-shaped steel grids (7) extends along the flow direction of the main river (1) and extends to the main river channel stone discharge diversion section (4), the transverse direction of the plurality of main river channel H-shaped steel grids (7) is arranged obliquely to the bank of the main river (1), and the oblique angle is greater than 15°, and the optimal oblique angle is 15°-45°. The side of the diversion river sand discharge section (3) is communicated with a Z-shaped diversion sand and stone discharge channel (8), the bottom of the Z-shaped diversion sand and stone discharge channel (8) is communicated with the sunken river bottom of the diversion river sand discharge section (3), and at least one first gate (9) is arranged at the end close to the main river (1) of the Z-shaped diversion sand and stone discharge channel (8). The sunken depth of the diversion river sand discharge section (3) and the Z-shaped diversion sand and stone discharge channel (8) is the same and they are communicated with each other, and the Z-shaped diversion sand and stone discharge channel (8) is communicated with the water storage and purification ecological lake (6). The Z-shaped diversion sand and stone discharge channel (8) has a sand discharge channel (10) and a stone discharge H-shaped steel grid (11), the stone discharge H-shaped steel grid (11) is suspended above the sand discharge channel (10), the sand discharge channel (10) and the stone discharge H-shaped steel grid (11) are respectively connected with a sand discharge groove (12) and a stone discharge groove (13), the sand discharge channel (10) and the stone discharge H-shaped steel grid (11) are arranged obliquely to the sand discharge groove (12) and the stone discharge groove (13), the transverse and longitudinal oblique angles of the sand discharge channel (10) and the stone discharge H-shaped steel grid (11) are both 15°-45°, the longitudinal oblique angle of the sand discharge groove (12) and the stone discharge groove (13) is 15°-45°, a plurality of sand collecting wells (14) are arranged on the flow direction side of the sand discharge groove (12), and a stone collecting well (15) is arranged at the tail end of the stone discharge groove (13). A plurality of sky balance water retaining boxes (16) and chain suspension water retaining boxes (17) for retaining water and intercepting fish are arranged in the water storage and purification ecological lake (6), and the outlet of the water storage and purification ecological lake (6) is communicated with the main river (1).

2. The dam body water conservancy system with sand and stone discharge, floating object removal and lake water retaining functions according to claim 1, characterized in that Several said sand collecting wells (14) are all ladder structures, said sand collecting wells (14) have coarse sand layer (18), medium sand layer (19) and fine sand layer (20), said coarse sand layer (18) and said medium sand layer (19) and said medium sand layer (19) and said fine sand layer (20) are all provided with filter grid (21) with screen hole, the screen hole of said filter grid (21) gradually decreases along the water flow direction, the inlet of said coarse sand layer (18) is provided with not less than one second gate (22), the outlet of said coarse sand layer (18), said medium sand layer (19) and said fine sand layer (20) are all provided with not less than one first sand discharge gate (23).

3. The dam body water conservancy system with the functions of sand, stone and floating removal and lake water control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main river channel stone removal diversion section (4) has a stone removal field (24), the stone removal field (24) is connected with a diversion channel (25), the diversion channel (25) is connected with the main river (1), and at least one first stone removal gate (26) is arranged between the diversion channel (25) and the stone removal field (24). The outlet of the stone removal field (24) is connected with a drainage channel (27), one end of the drainage channel (27) away from the stone removal field (24) is connected with the main river (1), and both ends of the drainage channel (27) are higher than the bottom surface of the stone removal field (24) and the water surface of the main river (1).

4. The dam body water conservancy system with the functions of sand, stone and floating removal and lake water control according to claim 3, characterized in that: The floating material collecting device (5) has a collecting box (28) for filtering floating materials, the collecting box (28) is provided with an intercepting grid (29) therein, at least one sinking opening and closing floating material gate (30) is arranged on the side of the collecting box (28) close to the main river (1), and the other side outlet of the collecting box (28) away from the main river (1) is connected with the drainage channel (27).

5. The dam body water conservancy system with the functions of sand, stone and floating removal and lake water control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The balance scale type water control floating box (16) has a plurality of sealed cylinder bodies (31) similar to train oil tanks, the middle parts of the plurality of sealed cylinder bodies (31) are installed on a gate type frame (33) through rotating shafts (32), the bottom of the gate type frame (33) is fixedly installed on the bottom of the water storage and purification ecological lake (6), and the sealed cylinder bodies (31) float within a limited range.

6. The dam body water conservancy system with the functions of sand, stone and floating removal and lake water control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chain suspension water control box (17) has a plurality of uniformly distributed floating boxes (34), and the bottom surfaces of the plurality of floating boxes (34) are connected with lake bottom bases (36) through fish blocking chains (35) for preventing fish from entering the sea.

7. The dam body water conservancy system with the functions of sand, stone and floating removal and lake water control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sludge tank (37) is provided with not less than one sludge discharge gate (40) on the open channel (38). The longitudinal inclination angle of the sludge tank (37) is 15°-45°.

8. The dam body water conservancy system with the functions of sand, stone and floating removal and lake water stabilization according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sand collection well (14) near the first gate (9) is connected with the canyon settlement area (42) through a sand discharge channel (41), and a water guide groove (43) is connected between the sand discharge channel (41) and the water storage and purification ecological lake (6), the water inlet end groove bottom of the water guide groove (43) is higher than the bottom surface of the sand discharge channel (41), the water outlet end groove bottom of the water guide groove (43) is higher than the lake surface of the water storage and purification ecological lake (6), and the first control gate (44) and the second control gate (45) are respectively arranged at the two ends of the water guide groove (43). The longitudinal inclination angle of the sand discharge channel (41) and the water guide groove (43) is 15°-45°.

9. The dam body water conservancy system with the functions of sand, stone and floating removal and lake water stabilization according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pump house (46) for flushing the water guide groove (43) and the sand discharge channel (41) is arranged between the water guide groove (43) and the sand discharge channel (41).

10. The dam body water conservancy system with the functions of sand, stone and floating removal and lake water stabilization according to claim 8, characterized in that: The canyon settlement area (42) is provided with a plurality of soil cultivation pools (47) and a plurality of settlement pools (48), the soil cultivation pools (47) are connected with the settlement pools through a plurality of open ditches (49), the outlet of the dark groove (39) of the sludge tank (37) and the outlet of the sand discharge channel (41) are connected with the soil cultivation pools (47), and the soil cultivation pools (47) are provided with intercommunication gates (50). The outlet of the dark groove (39) of the sludge tank (37) and the outlet of the sand discharge channel (41) are respectively provided with not less than one sludge outlet gate (51) and sand outlet gate (52).

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