Focusing assembly for lunar remote Raman spectrum detection and use method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of vacuum focusing, and relates to a focusing assembly for lunar remote Raman spectrum detection and a use method. Comprising a focusing group lens frame, a focusing optical lens is arranged in the focusing group lens frame, a main lens barrel sleeves the focusing group lens frame, a cam assembly is arranged outside the main lens barrel, the cam assembly penetrates through the main lens barrel through a guide nail and is fixedly connected with the focusing group lens frame, and a plurality of taper hole groups are formed in the outer wall of the focusing group lens frame. Taper holes in each taper hole group are distributed along a straight line parallel to the optical axis, the taper hole groups are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the focusing group lens frame, supporting steel balls are arranged on the taper holes, a plurality of linear V-shaped guide rails are arranged on the main lens barrel, the linear V-shaped guide rails are in contact with the supporting steel balls, and dense steel balls are arranged between the main lens barrel and the cam assembly. An outer gear of the cam assembly is connected with the power assembly. Through steel ball point supporting isolation and full-dry type friction transmission design, pollutants are prevented from being generated in a light path, the problem of vacuum cold welding is effectively solved, and the remote focusing function is achieved.

Description

A focusing component for remote Raman spectroscopy detection on the moon and its usage method Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of vacuum focusing technology, and relates to a focusing component and its usage method for remote Raman spectroscopy detection on the moon. Background Technology

[0002] Detecting the mineral composition and volatiles of the Moon helps humanity obtain clues and evidence regarding lunar impacts and thermal evolution, thereby inferring the formation and evolution of the Moon. Raman spectroscopy, as a technique that can effectively detect mineral composition and identify mineral types remotely, can accurately identify the composition, type, and structure of various minerals, making it highly suitable for in-situ detection of lunar minerals. However, the distribution of minerals of interest on the Moon is usually random, and Raman spectroscopy detection is a single-point detection method. Therefore, it is not feasible to use fixed-point detection. Instead, it is desirable for instruments to have the ability to detect targets at different distances and locations, improving the flexibility and mobility of detection and increasing the availability of data.

[0003] Raman spectroscopy detection uses active laser excitation. Considering the required detection precision and energy density threshold, the laser beam converges into a spot on the target, approximately a hundred micrometers in size. Changes in detection distance cause the spot to diffuse and increase, resulting in lower laser excitation energy and hindering the effective acquisition of Raman signals. Furthermore, before operating on the lunar surface, the instrument is affected by factors such as vibration and temperature variations, as well as the high vacuum environment, all of which impact the position of the instrument's optical focal plane. Therefore, to adapt to these changes, a focusing mechanism is needed for precise focusing to adjust the focal plane position and accommodate the detection of targets at different distances.

[0004] Current technology uses cam-based focusing, with a cylindrical focusing frame housing the focusing lens. The focusing assembly requires a sliding joint with the main lens barrel. To ensure stability, the outer diameter of the focusing frame typically matches the inner diameter of the main lens barrel with high precision, and lubricating grease is added internally to improve smoothness. However, in the lunar environment, the vacuum makes the lubricating grease prone to producing condensable volatiles that contaminate the lens, affecting optical performance. Furthermore, the lunar surface environment experiences temperature fluctuations, so the focusing frame and the main lens barrel frame usually need to be made of the same material. A similar coefficient of thermal expansion ensures synchronized contraction and expansion to adapt to large temperature changes, preventing an overly tight or loose fit. However, identical materials are prone to cold welding in a vacuum, causing the focusing frame and main lens barrel to become fixed and immobile. Solid lubricants, such as molybdenum disulfide coatings, can also be used to prevent cold welding in vacuum. The van der Waals forces between the molecules of the molybdenum disulfide film, particularly between molybdenum and sulfur atoms, are relatively weak. When subjected to shear forces, relative slippage easily occurs, thus providing protection against cold welding and lubrication. However, this slippage also leads to the shedding of very fine molybdenum disulfide debris over long-term wear. If these debris falls into the optical system, it will affect imaging, which is unacceptable. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a focusing component and method for remote Raman spectroscopy detection on the moon, in order to solve the technical problem that it is difficult to achieve focusing function of the lens in a wide temperature range without the use of solid lubricant in a vacuum temperature alternating environment. To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution: Firstly, this application discloses a focusing assembly for remote Raman spectroscopy detection on the moon, comprising a focusing frame, a focusing optical lens disposed within the focusing frame, a main lens barrel disposed outside the focusing frame, and a cam assembly disposed outside the main lens barrel. The cam assembly is fixedly connected to the focusing frame via a guide pin, passing through the main lens barrel. The outer wall of the focusing frame has several conical hole groups, each group containing conical holes distributed along a straight line parallel to the optical axis. The several conical hole groups are evenly distributed circumferentially around the focusing frame. Supporting steel balls are disposed on the conical holes. Several linear V-shaped guide rails are disposed on the main lens barrel, contacting the supporting steel balls. Densely distributed steel balls are disposed between the main lens barrel and the cam assembly. A power assembly is connected to the outer wall of the cam assembly.

[0006] Preferably, the focusing group lens frame is also provided with screw holes for fixing guide pins; and clearance grooves are also provided on both sides of the conical hole to avoid screws for installing linear V-shaped guide rails.

[0007] Preferably, the linear V-shaped guide rail includes an arc surface and a boss. A countersunk mounting hole is provided on the arc surface. The linear V-shaped guide rail is fixed to the main lens barrel by a countersunk screw through the countersunk mounting hole. A V-shaped groove is provided on the boss parallel to the optical axis. The boss passes through the main lens barrel. The V-shaped groove on the boss contacts the support steel ball installed on the conical hole. The focusing group lens frame moves linearly along the V-shaped groove with the support steel ball.

[0008] Preferably, the main lens barrel has a plurality of guide pin straight grooves and a plurality of guide rail mounting grooves. The number of guide pin straight grooves and guide rail mounting grooves are respectively adapted to the number of guide pins and linear V-shaped guide rails. The plurality of guide pin straight grooves and guide rail mounting grooves are all opened along the optical axis and are evenly distributed on the main lens barrel in the circumferential direction. Mounting holes for mounting linear V-shaped guide rails are also opened on both sides of the guide rail mounting grooves. Annular V-shaped grooves are opened in the middle and end of the outer side of the main lens barrel, and steel balls are densely arranged in the annular V-shaped grooves to contact the cam assembly.

[0009] Preferably, the cam assembly includes a cam, which is sleeved on the outer wall of the main lens barrel and axially limited by a tightly packed steel ball clamped by an elastic limiting component; the cam has a guide pin curved groove, and straight buffer grooves are formed at both ends of the guide pin curved groove, with the axis of the straight buffer groove perpendicular to the optical axis; a gear is provided on the outside of the cam, which meshes with the power component, and the guide pin passes through the guide pin curved groove and the main lens barrel to connect with the focusing group lens frame.

[0010] Preferably, the elastic limiting component includes: an elastic retaining ring, a spring, and a cam retaining ring. The elastic retaining ring and the cam retaining ring are sequentially sleeved on the outer wall of the main lens barrel. The cam retaining ring is connected to the end face of the cam by screws. The inclined surface of the elastic retaining ring contacts the densely packed steel balls. The spring is disposed between the elastic retaining ring and the cam retaining ring. One end of the inner side of the cam is machined with an inclined surface that contacts the densely packed steel balls, providing four-point support for the densely packed steel balls in cooperation with the elastic retaining ring and the main lens barrel. The other end of the inner side of the cam has a flat contact surface with the densely packed steel balls, providing three-point support for the densely packed steel balls in cooperation with the main lens barrel.

[0011] Preferably, the power component includes a stepper motor, the output end of which is connected to a drive gear, which meshes with the cam assembly.

[0012] Preferably, the focusing frame and the main lens barrel are made of titanium alloy.

[0013] Secondly, this application discloses a focusing lens for remote Raman spectroscopy detection on the moon, including the focusing assembly for remote Raman spectroscopy detection on the moon as described in any one of the above claims, and also includes a support frame. The rear end of the main lens tube is fixed on the support frame, and a fixed lens group is provided inside the rear end of the main lens tube. The focusing group lens frame is fixed inside the front end of the main lens tube, and a focusing optical lens is provided inside the focusing group lens frame. The power assembly is fixed on the support frame. A Hall bracket is provided on the support frame, located below the front end of the main lens tube. A Hall circuit board is provided on the Hall bracket, and a Hall device is provided on the Hall circuit board. A magnet adapted to the Hall device is provided on the outer wall of the cam assembly.

[0014] Thirdly, this application discloses a method for using a focusing assembly for remote Raman spectroscopy detection of the moon as described in any one of the above claims, comprising: starting a power assembly to drive a cam assembly to rotate, the cam assembly driving a guide pin to move linearly along the optical axis under the action of a linear V-shaped guide rail; the guide pin driving the focusing assembly frame to move linearly along the optical axis.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) By setting a point contact support structure consisting of a conical hole on the focusing frame, supporting steel balls, and a straight V-shaped guide rail on the main lens barrel, the two moving parts, the focusing frame and the main lens barrel, which may be made of the same material (such as titanium alloy), are physically separated by another material (such as stainless steel), avoiding cold welding due to direct contact in a vacuum environment, and ensuring the long-term reliability of the mechanism in the lunar vacuum environment; 2) The point contact form of the supporting steel balls and the densely distributed steel balls between the cam assembly and the main lens barrel greatly reduce the dry friction coefficient between the moving parts. This allows the focusing process to proceed smoothly without relying on grease or solid lubricants, solving the problem of traditional lubrication methods evaporating in a vacuum and generating excess material that contaminates the internal optical path; 3) The entire motion pair (including the focus frame and the main lens barrel, and the cam and the main lens barrel) adopts a dry friction design of "steel ball-track", completely eliminating the use of grease or solid lubricants that may generate debris inside the optical path, fundamentally eliminating the risk of contamination of the Raman spectroscopy detection optical path by vacuum evaporation of grease lubricants or wear products of solid lubricants, and ensuring the stability of optical performance; 4) The rolling support of the supporting steel balls in the conical hole and the linear V-shaped guide rail, as well as the application of densely distributed steel balls in the cam drive, not only reduces friction, but also improves the guiding accuracy and stability of the motion. Meanwhile, the use of materials such as titanium alloy with excellent wear resistance further enhances the durability of the entire focusing assembly under long-term dry friction conditions; 5) Through the unique "steel ball point support isolation" and "fully dry friction transmission" design, while ensuring that the optical system is free from contamination, the problem of vacuum cold welding is effectively overcome, and a high-precision and high-reliability remote focusing function is achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the left-side structure of the focusing lens according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the right-side structure of the focusing lens according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the straight V-shaped guide rail structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, (a) is the front side; (b) is the back side; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the main lens barrel structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the elastic retaining ring structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is a two-dimensional sectional view of the focusing lens according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 is a three-dimensional sectional view of the focusing assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the focusing group lens frame structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the cam structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the main lens barrel assembly structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the cam pressure ring structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Wherein: 1-Support frame; 2-Main lens barrel; 201-Guide pin straight groove; 202-Guide rail mounting groove; 203-First limiting boss; 3-First fixed lens frame; 4-Second fixed lens frame; 5-Third fixed lens frame; 6-Fourth fixed lens frame; 7-First focusing lens frame; 8-Second focusing lens frame; 9-Focusing group frame; 901-Conical hole; 902-Glue injection fixing hole; 903-Screw hole; 904-Allowing groove; 10-Guide pin; 11 - Cam; 1101 - Guide pin curved groove; 12 - Cam retaining ring; 13 - Elastic retaining ring; 14 - Spring; 15 - Cam pressure ring; 16 - Densely packed steel balls; 17 - Supporting steel balls; 18 - Drive gear; 19 - Linear V-shaped guide rail; 20 - Stepper motor; 21 - Conical pin; 22 - Adjusting washer; 23 - First magnet; 24 - Second magnet; 25 - First Hall effect device; 26 - Second Hall effect device; 27 - Hall effect circuit board; 28 - Hall effect bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0020] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0021] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0022] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "horizontal," or "inner" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] Furthermore, the use of the term "horizontal" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: Referring to Figures 7 and 8, this application discloses a focusing assembly for remote Raman spectroscopy detection on the moon, including a focusing frame 9, a focusing optical lens disposed within the focusing frame 9, a main lens barrel 2 disposed outside the focusing frame 9, and a cam assembly disposed outside the main lens barrel 2. The cam assembly is fixed to the focusing frame 9 via guide pins 10, passing through the main lens barrel 2. The outer wall of the focusing frame 9 has several sets of conical holes, each set containing conical holes 901 distributed along a straight line parallel to the optical axis. The sets of conical holes are evenly distributed circumferentially around the focusing frame 9. Supporting steel balls 17 are disposed on the conical holes 901. The main lens barrel 2 has several linear V-shaped guide rails 19 in contact with the supporting steel balls 17. Densely arranged steel balls 16 are disposed between the main lens barrel 2 and the cam assembly. A power assembly is connected to the outer wall of the cam assembly. The lunar environment includes a vacuum and a temperature-alternating environment. In the focusing assembly, the focusing motion pair consists of the focusing lens frame and the main lens barrel. In a vacuum, due to cold welding issues, the same materials between the motion pairs cannot come into contact. Furthermore, since the motion pair is inside the optical path, solid lubricants cannot be used to address the cold welding problem, as this would generate excess material that contaminates the optical path. Similarly, grease lubrication cannot be used within the optical path, as the vacuum would cause volatilization, leading to contamination of the optical components. Therefore, the final design of this invention is a dry friction effect motion pair. Supporting steel balls 17 are placed between the conical hole 901 and the linear V-shaped guide rail 19 to support the focusing lens frame 9, preventing direct contact between the focusing lens frame and the main lens barrel, thus avoiding cold welding. Furthermore, the steel ball support is a point support, which reduces the coefficient of dry friction, thereby achieving a novel cam focusing mechanism that avoids low-temperature vacuum cold welding.

[0026] In some embodiments, referring to FIG8, the focusing lens frame 9 is further provided with screw holes 903 for fixing guide pins 10; a clearance groove 904 is also provided on one side of the conical hole 901 to avoid screws for mounting the linear V-shaped guide rail 19. Adhesive injection fixing holes 902 for the first focusing lens frame 7 and the second focusing lens frame 8 are provided on both sides of the screw hole 903, and a vacuum venting hole with a very small diameter is also provided on one side of the screw hole 903.

[0027] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 3, the linear V-shaped guide rail 19 includes an arc surface and a boss. A countersunk mounting hole is provided on the arc surface. The linear V-shaped guide rail 19 is fixed to the main lens barrel 2 through the countersunk mounting hole using countersunk screws. A V-shaped groove is provided on the boss parallel to the optical axis. The boss passes through the main lens barrel 2. The V-shaped groove on the boss contacts the support steel ball 17 installed on the conical hole 901. The focusing assembly frame 9 moves linearly along the V-shaped groove with the support steel ball 17. The support steel ball 17 supports the focusing assembly frame 9, so that the focusing assembly frame and the main lens barrel do not directly contact each other. This focusing assembly can adapt to the alternating temperature environment of the lunar surface and will not undergo cold welding. It solves the key requirement of achieving remote Raman spectroscopy detection of targets at different distances on the lunar surface.

[0028] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 4 and 10, the main lens barrel 2 is provided with a plurality of guide pin straight grooves 201 and a plurality of guide rail mounting grooves 202. The number of the plurality of guide pin straight grooves 201 and the plurality of guide rail mounting grooves 202 are respectively adapted to the number of guide pins 10 and linear V-shaped guide rails 19. The plurality of guide pin straight grooves 201 and the plurality of guide rail mounting grooves 202 are all opened along the optical axis and are evenly distributed on the main lens barrel 2 in the circumferential direction. Mounting holes for mounting linear V-shaped guide rails 19 are also opened on both sides of the guide rail mounting grooves 202. Annular V-shaped grooves are opened at both ends of the outer side of the main lens barrel 2, and densely packed steel balls 16 are arranged in the annular V-shaped grooves to contact the cam assembly.

[0029] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 6 and 9, the cam assembly includes a cam 11, which is sleeved on the outer wall of the main lens barrel 2 and axially limited by a tight-fitting steel ball clamped by an elastic limiting component; a guide pin curved groove 1101 is provided on the cam 11, and straight buffer grooves are provided at both ends of the guide pin curved groove 1101, with the axis of the straight buffer groove perpendicular to the optical axis; a gear is provided on the outer side of the cam 11, which meshes with the power component, and the guide pin 10 passes through the guide pin curved groove 1101 and the main lens barrel 2 to connect with the focusing group lens frame 9.

[0030] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 5 and 6, the elastic limiting assembly includes: an elastic retaining ring 13, a spring 14, and a cam retaining ring 15. The elastic retaining ring 13 and the cam retaining ring 15 are sequentially sleeved on the outer wall of the main lens barrel 2. The cam retaining ring 15 is connected to the end face of the cam 11 by screws. The inclined surface of the elastic retaining ring 13 contacts the densely packed steel balls 16. The spring 14 is disposed between the elastic retaining ring 13 and the cam retaining ring 15. One end of the inner side of the cam 11 has an inclined surface that contacts the densely packed steel balls 16, which cooperates with the elastic retaining ring 13 and the main lens barrel 2 to provide four-point support for the densely packed steel balls 16. The other end of the inner side of the cam 11 has a flat contact surface with the densely packed steel balls 16, which cooperates with the main lens barrel 2 to provide three-point support for the densely packed steel balls 16.

[0031] In some embodiments, referring to FIG1, the power assembly includes a stepper motor 20, the output end of which is connected to a drive gear 18, which meshes with a cam assembly.

[0032] In some embodiments, the focusing frame 9 and the main lens barrel 2 are made of titanium alloy.

[0033] In some embodiments, a focusing assembly for remote Raman spectroscopy detection on the moon is provided, where the lunar environment includes a vacuum and an alternating temperature environment. In the focusing assembly, the focusing motion pair consists of a focusing frame and a main lens barrel. In a vacuum, due to cold welding issues, the same materials between the motion pairs cannot come into contact; furthermore, since the motion pairs are inside the optical path, solid lubricants cannot be used to address the cold welding problem, as this would generate excess material that contaminates the optical path. Similarly, grease lubrication cannot be used within the optical path, as the vacuum would cause volatilization, leading to contamination of the optical components. Therefore, the final design of this invention is a dry friction effect motion pair, thus requiring the use of a wear-resistant titanium alloy material. A conical groove is designed circumferentially on the focusing frame, and a titanium alloy V-shaped guide rail is installed on the main lens barrel. Steel balls are placed between the conical groove and the V-shaped guide rail to support the focusing frame, preventing direct contact between the focusing frame and the main lens barrel, thus avoiding cold welding. Furthermore, the steel ball support is a point support, which reduces the coefficient of dry friction, thereby achieving a novel cam focusing mechanism that avoids low-temperature vacuum cold welding. The cam rotates and, through the guide groove, converts the rotary motion into linear motion of the focusing assembly, thereby achieving adjustment of the focus plane position.

[0034] This application also discloses a focusing lens for lunar remote Raman spectroscopy detection, as shown in Figures 1, 2, and 6. It includes the focusing assembly for lunar remote Raman spectroscopy detection described in any one of the above-mentioned embodiments, and further includes a support frame 1. The rear end of the main lens barrel 2 is fixed to the support frame 1. A fixed lens group is disposed inside the rear end of the main lens barrel 2. A focusing lens frame 9 is fixed inside the front end of the main lens barrel 2. A focusing optical lens is disposed inside the focusing lens frame 9. A power assembly is fixed to the support frame 1. A Hall effect support 28 is disposed on the support frame 1, located below the front end of the main lens barrel 2. A Hall effect circuit board 27 is disposed on the Hall effect support 28. A Hall effect device is disposed on the Hall effect circuit board 27. A magnet adapted to the Hall effect device is disposed on the outer wall of the cam assembly.

[0035] In some embodiments, a focusing lens for remote Raman spectroscopy detection on the moon is a transmissive optical lens, comprising: a support frame 1, a main lens barrel 2, a first fixed lens frame 3, a second fixed lens frame 4, a third fixed lens frame 5, a fourth fixed lens frame 6, a first focusing lens frame 7, a second focusing lens frame 8, a focusing group lens frame 9, a guide pin assembly 10, a cam 11, a cam retaining ring 12, an elastic retaining ring 13, a spring 14, a cam pressure ring 15, densely packed steel balls 16, supporting steel balls 17, a drive gear 18, a linear V-shaped guide rail 19, a stepper motor 20, a conical pin 21, an adjusting washer 22, a first magnet 23, a second magnet 24, a first Hall effect device 25, a second Hall effect device 26, a Hall circuit board 27, and a Hall effect bracket 28; the invention comprises a total of 6 lenses, with the first 2 lenses forming a focusing group and the last 4 lenses forming a fixed group along the incident direction of the light path.

[0036] The support frame 1 has a double-plate structure, used to connect with the flanges at the middle and rear ends of the main lens barrel 2; the main lens barrel 2 is the core support for the lens, used to install the fixed lens group and the focusing lens group; the section where the focusing lens group is placed has two features: guide pin straight grooves and guide rail mounting grooves. The guide pin straight grooves are arranged in a circumference of two equal parts, and two guide pins pass through the grooves to connect to the internal focusing lens group; the guide rail mounting grooves are arranged in a circumference of three equal parts, and three straight V-shaped guide rails 19 are installed respectively; the main lens barrel has two full-circumference V-shaped grooves for placing steel balls 16 to support the outer ring cam 11; the outer ring of the main lens barrel 2 has a first limiting boss 203, which mechanically constrains the extreme rotational position of the cam 11; the four lenses of the fixed lens group are respectively The first fixed lens frame 3, the second fixed lens frame 4, the third fixed lens frame 5, and the fourth fixed lens frame 6 are placed in aluminum alloy and installed at the rear end of the main lens barrel 2, and fixed by a pressure ring. The two lenses of the focusing lens group are placed in the first focusing lens frame 7 and the second focusing lens frame 8 of aluminum alloy, and then the whole assembly is placed in a titanium alloy focusing lens frame 9. The focusing lens frame 9 has three features: firstly, there are 9 tapered holes in a 3×3 pattern, arranged in groups of 3 along the axial direction, with the three groups equally divided along the circumference of the circle, and the cross-sectional angle of each tapered hole is 120°, used to place the supporting steel ball 17; secondly, there are two clearance grooves 904 on both sides of each group of tapered holes, used to avoid the installation of the linear V-shaped guide rail 19. The protruding screws; thirdly, there are two screw holes 903 for mounting guide pins 10 on the outer ring, which are equally distributed along the circumference; the straight V-shaped guide rail 19 is the constraint for the linear movement of the focusing group. Its cross-section is approximately T-shaped, and there are four countersunk mounting holes on the arc surface. It is installed on the main lens barrel 2 from the outside to the inside, with a total of three holes installed; the included angle of the three V-shaped grooves is 60°~120°, and they contact the nine support steel balls 17 placed in the conical holes of the focusing group lens frame 9. The focusing group lens frame 9 will move linearly along the V-shaped groove track with the support steel balls 17; if the included angle of the V-shaped groove is set too small, the position of the support steel balls 17 will be farther from the bottom of the groove, resulting in an increase in the thickness of the V-shaped guide rail, which is not conducive to weight reduction; If the included angle of the V-groove section is set too large, it will weaken the lateral constraint of the supporting steel ball 17, resulting in unstable movement of the focusing group lens frame; therefore, the included angle of the V-groove section is usually between 60° and 120°; the cam 11, as the main driving component, has gears machined on its outer side; the cam 11 has two guide pin curve grooves arranged in a circumference of two equal parts, which are used to push the guide pin 10 placed in them and drive the focusing group lens frame 9 to move. The end of the groove has a buffer stroke, and the cam curve within this stroke is perpendicular to the optical axis, which can ensure that the cam 11 will not drive the focusing group lens frame 9 to move when it rotates. This design increases the stroke safety margin and improves the smoothness of starting and stopping;Two square slots at specific positions on the cam 11 hold a cubic first magnet 23 and a second magnet 24. A first Hall effect device 25 and a second Hall effect device 26 are supported by a bracket 28 near the cam's rotation envelope. When the cam rotates, the two magnets can sweep across the two Hall effect devices respectively. When the first magnet 23 rotates directly above the first Hall effect device 25, it can be detected by the Hall effect device 25. Similarly, when the second magnet 24 rotates directly above the second Hall effect device 26, it can be detected by the Hall effect device 26. These positions can be used to determine the left and right travel reference positions of the cam 11, respectively. The calibrated position is determined by machining an inclined surface on one end of the inner side of the cam 11, which contacts the densely packed steel balls 16. The elastic retaining ring 13, as another inclined surface in contact with the densely packed steel balls 16, combines with the V-groove on the main lens barrel 2 to achieve four-point support for the densely packed steel balls 16. The elastic retaining ring 13 and the cam pressure ring 15 are supported by six springs 14, as shown in Figure 5. The springs 14 are installed in the spring mounting holes of the elastic retaining ring 13, so that the elastic retaining ring 13 has a certain degree of axial movement freedom, giving the cam assembly a certain self-adaptive ability to machining and assembly errors during operation, thus improving the smoothness of operation. The other end of cam 11 has a flat contact surface with the steel ball 16. Combined with the V-groove on the main lens barrel 2, it provides three-point support for the steel ball. Since this end does not restrict axial freedom, the cam integration scheme is temperature-adaptable. Referring to Figure 11, two second limiting bosses 1501 are machined on the cam pressure ring 15, which cooperate with the first limiting boss 203 on the main lens barrel 2 to achieve rotational mechanical limiting in both forward and reverse directions. This rotational limiting range is greater than the range of the left and right travel reference positions of the focusing lens. The steel balls 16 are arranged within the V-groove, with the final number being three fewer than the theoretical maximum number of steel balls. The steel ball has a self-adjusting space; the guide pin assembly 10 is threaded at its front end onto the focusing lens frame 9, moving within the cam curve groove and pushing the focusing lens assembly back and forth along the optical axis. A bearing is placed on the guide pin 10 to reduce frictional resistance during movement within the groove; the drive gear 18 is sleeved with the output shaft of the stepper motor 20 and fixed by a tapered pin 21; the drive gear 18 meshes with the outer gear of the cam 11 to form a transmission pair, driving the cam to rotate; the adjusting washer 22 is located at the end of the main lens barrel 2, used to adjust the gap between it and the tail end plate of the support frame 1, ensuring that the double flange installation is not over-constrained.

[0037] This application also discloses a method of using the focusing assembly for remote Raman spectroscopy detection of the moon as described in any one of the above claims, comprising: starting the power assembly to drive the cam assembly to rotate, the cam assembly driving the guide pin 10 to move linearly along the optical axis under the action of the linear V-shaped guide rail 19; the guide pin 10 driving the focusing group lens frame 9 to move linearly along the optical axis.

[0038] In some embodiments, a stepper motor drives a drive gear to rotate, which in turn drives a cam gear to rotate. The rotation of the cam pushes the guide pin along the cam curve. Due to the presence of a linear V-shaped guide rail, the focusing lens assembly is constrained in its rotational freedom along the optical axis. Therefore, the guide pin can only drive the focusing lens assembly to move linearly along the optical axis. Since the main lens barrel, the linear V-shaped guide rail, and the focusing lens frame are all made of titanium alloy, their dimensions change with temperature by a constant coefficient, resulting in a relatively stable assembly relationship and good temperature adaptability. Furthermore, the cam is supported by a flexible support at one end and an axial degree of freedom at the other, thus also providing good temperature adaptability. Although the focusing lens frame and the linear V-shaped guide rail are both made of titanium alloy, the focusing lens assembly is actually supported by nine steel balls, and the materials in contact between them are different, thus preventing low-temperature vacuum cold welding. Based on the above design, this system realizes a focusing component that can solve the need for focusing when performing Raman spectroscopy detection on targets at different distances on the lunar surface. Its application can adapt to the lunar vacuum and temperature-changing environment and has the function of preventing low-temperature vacuum cold welding.

[0039] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A focusing assembly for remote Raman spectroscopy detection on the moon, characterized in that, The system includes a focusing frame (9), which contains a focusing optical lens. The focusing frame (9) is fitted with a main lens barrel (2), which is fitted with a cam assembly. The cam assembly is fixed to the focusing frame (9) by passing through the main lens barrel (2) via a guide pin (10). The outer wall of the focusing frame (9) has several conical hole groups. The conical holes (901) in each conical hole group are distributed along a straight line parallel to the optical axis. The several conical hole groups are evenly distributed around the focusing frame (9). Supporting steel balls (17) are provided on the conical holes (901). Several straight V-shaped guide rails (19) are provided on the main lens barrel (2). The straight V-shaped guide rails (19) are in contact with the supporting steel balls (17). Densely packed steel balls (16) are provided between the main lens barrel (2) and the cam assembly. A power assembly is connected to the outer wall of the cam assembly.

2. A focusing assembly for remote Raman spectroscopy detection on the moon according to claim 1, characterized in that, The focusing frame (9) is also provided with screw holes (903) for fixing guide pins (10); and clearance grooves (904) are provided on both sides of the conical hole (901) to avoid screws for installing linear V-shaped guide rails (19).

3. A focusing assembly for remote Raman spectroscopy detection on the moon according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linear V-shaped guide rail (19) includes an arc surface and a boss. A countersunk mounting hole is provided on the arc surface. The linear V-shaped guide rail (19) is fixed on the main lens barrel (2) through the countersunk mounting hole. A V-shaped groove is provided on the boss parallel to the optical axis. The boss passes through the main lens barrel (2). The V-shaped groove on the boss contacts the support steel ball (17) installed on the conical hole (901). The focusing group lens frame (9) moves linearly along the V-shaped groove with the support steel ball (17).

4. A focusing assembly for remote Raman spectroscopy detection on the moon according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main lens barrel (2) is provided with a number of guide pin straight grooves (201) and a number of guide rail mounting grooves (202). The number of guide pin straight grooves (201) and the number of guide rail mounting grooves (202) are respectively matched with the number of guide pins (10) and linear V-shaped guide rails (19). The guide pin straight grooves (201) and the guide rail mounting grooves (202) are all opened along the optical axis and are evenly distributed on the main lens barrel (2) in the circumferential direction. Mounting holes for mounting linear V-shaped guide rails (19) are also opened on both sides of the guide rail mounting grooves (202). The outer middle and end of the main lens barrel (2) are respectively provided with annular V-shaped grooves, and steel balls (16) are densely arranged in the annular V-shaped grooves to contact the cam assembly.

5. A focusing assembly for remote Raman spectroscopy detection on the moon according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cam assembly includes a cam (11), which is sleeved on the outer wall of the main lens barrel (2). The cam is used to clamp the tightly packed steel ball through the elastic limiting component to achieve axial limiting. A guide pin curved groove (1101) is provided on the cam (11). Straight buffer grooves are provided at both ends of the guide pin curved groove (1101). The axis of the straight buffer groove is perpendicular to the optical axis. A gear is provided on the outside of the cam (11). The gear meshes with the power component. The guide pin (10) passes through the guide pin curved groove (1101) and the main lens barrel (2) and is connected to the focusing group lens frame (9).

6. A focusing assembly for remote Raman spectroscopy detection on the moon according to claim 5, characterized in that, The elastic limiting assembly includes: an elastic retaining ring (13), a spring (14), and a cam pressure ring (15). The elastic retaining ring (13) and the cam pressure ring (15) are sequentially sleeved on the outer wall of the main lens barrel (2). The cam pressure ring (15) is connected to the end face of the cam (11) by screws. The inclined surface of the elastic retaining ring (13) contacts the densely packed steel balls (16). The spring (14) is set between the elastic retaining ring (13) and the cam pressure ring (15). One end of the inner side of the cam (11) is machined with an inclined surface that contacts the densely packed steel balls (16). It cooperates with the elastic retaining ring (13) and the main lens barrel (2) to provide four-point support for the densely packed steel balls (16). The other end of the inner side of the cam (11) has a flat contact surface with the densely packed steel balls (16). It cooperates with the main lens barrel (2) to provide three-point support for the densely packed steel balls (16).

7. A focusing assembly for remote Raman spectroscopy detection on the moon according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power assembly includes a stepper motor (20), the output end of which is connected to a drive gear (18), which meshes with a cam assembly.

8. A focusing assembly for remote Raman spectroscopy detection on the moon according to claim 1, characterized in that, The focusing frame (9) and the main lens barrel (2) are made of titanium alloy.

9. A focusing lens for remote Raman spectroscopy detection on the moon, characterized in that, The focusing assembly for remote Raman spectroscopy detection of the moon as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 further includes a support frame (1), the rear end of the main mirror tube (2) is fixed on the support frame (1), a fixed mirror group is provided inside the rear end of the main mirror tube (2), a focusing group frame (9) is fixed inside the front end of the main mirror tube (2), a focusing optical lens is provided inside the focusing group frame (9), a power assembly is fixed on the support frame (1), a Hall bracket (28) is provided on the support frame (1) below the front end of the main mirror tube (2), a Hall circuit board (27) is provided on the Hall bracket (28), a Hall device is provided on the Hall circuit board (27), and a magnet adapted to the Hall device is provided on the outer wall of the cam assembly.

10. A method of using a focusing assembly for remote Raman spectroscopy detection on the moon as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes: the power component starts and drives the cam component to rotate, the cam component drives the guide pin (10) to move linearly along the optical axis under the action of the linear V-shaped guide rail (19); the guide pin (10) drives the focusing group lens frame (9) to move linearly along the optical axis.

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