Experimental device and method for simulating water gushing, grouting and filling of tunnel

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel water gushing grouting experiments, in particular to an experimental device and method for simulating tunnel water gushing grouting filling. The experimental device comprises a test box, the interior of the test box is provided with a cavity, the cavity is used for being filled with a material simulating a tunnel rock stratum material, the test box is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water outlet is provided with a gushing water collecting part, and the gushing water collecting part is used for collecting gushing water overflowing from the water outlet; the grouting angle adjusting device comprises a movable nozzle, the movable nozzle is installed at the water outlet, the movable nozzle is used for grouting towards the water outlet, and the movable nozzle can swing back and forth in at least one direction. By adopting the device, the grouting angle can be adjusted under the condition that the position of the test box is fixed, the grouting and filling effects at different grouting angles are simulated, the effect influence test research of grouting and filling at different grouting angles is realized by collecting and recording the water inflow, and the test result is more real and reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel water inrush grouting experimental technology, and in particular to an experimental apparatus and method for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting filling. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of mountain tunnel construction, tunnel water inrush is a common and complex engineering geological problem. It not only severely impacts construction progress but also threatens the safety of construction workers and the stability of the tunnel structure. Grouting is a widely used and important method for effectively controlling tunnel water inrush. By injecting suitable grout into the water-inrushing area, it fills pores and fissures, thereby stopping or reducing the amount of water inrush. During the grouting process, the injection angle has a crucial impact on the diffusion effect of the grout and the final effectiveness of controlling tunnel water inrush.

[0003] However, existing technologies have many inconveniences when studying the important influencing factor of grouting angle. Some existing experimental devices used to study tunnel water inrush grouting filling either lack the function of flexibly adjusting the grouting angle, making it difficult to intuitively compare and analyze the differences in the effect of grouting filling on water inrush control under different grouting angles, or the grouting angle adjustment method has a large physical deviation from the real grouting environment, resulting in low reliability of simulation results.

[0004] For example, Chinese patent document CN214895273U uses an tilt adjustment component to adjust the tilt of the test chamber, changing the burial angle of the grouting pipe, thereby simulating the diffusion pattern of cement grout under different grouting pipe burial angles in engineering. By measuring the diffusion distance of the grout under different detection surfaces, it reflects the grouting effect under different grouting pipe burial angles. However, in actual engineering, the grouting pipe is grouted at a specific angle in a fixed tunnel structure, rather than the entire tunnel or surrounding rock tilting. Changing the grouting angle of the grouting pipe using an overall tilting test device also changes the direction of the gravity field and the stress state of the surrounding rock. Furthermore, during the tilting process, loose media (such as sand) may settle, slide, or redistribute density, changing its permeability and pore structure, resulting in changes in multiple factors that affect the accuracy of the effect analysis. Moreover, if a transparent observation window is used to observe the grouting effect, the change in the detection surface angle after the device is tilted may also affect the accuracy of image acquisition and diffusion pattern analysis, further increasing the error in the simulation result analysis. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing experimental devices used to study tunnel water inrush grouting filling, which simulate different grouting angles by adjusting the overall tilt angle of the device, resulting in low reliability of simulation results. This invention provides an experimental device and method for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting filling.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an experimental apparatus for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting, comprising:

[0007] The test box has an internal cavity for filling with a material that simulates tunnel rock strata. The test box has an inlet and an outlet. A water collection component is provided at the outlet for collecting water overflowing from the outlet. The grouting angle adjustment device includes a movable nozzle, which is installed at the water outlet and is used to inject grout toward the water outlet. The movable nozzle is capable of swinging back and forth in at least one direction.

[0008] The test chamber is used to simulate the boundary of the rock and soil shell. The inner cavity of the test chamber is filled with rock and soil materials to simulate rock strata. The water inlet and outlet set on the test chamber can provide support conditions for creating a dynamic water inflow environment, so as to simulate the coupling effect between the dynamic water inflow process and the grouting process. The water inflow and the water overflowing from the outlet during the grouting process (including the grout overflowing from the outlet during the grouting process) are collected by the water inflow collection component to record the changes in water inflow and at the same time avoid the environmental pollution caused by the outflow of grout during the grouting process.

[0009] By setting an adjustable-angle movable nozzle at the water outlet as the outlet for the injected grout, the grouting angle can be adjusted while the test box position is fixed, simulating the grouting filling effect at different grouting angles. The grouting filling effect is reflected by comparing the changes in the water inflow collection component at different grouting angles. The test process is controllable, with few interfering factors, and the simulation results are highly reliable.

[0010] In addition, by changing the filling material inside the test box, it can also be used to simulate the effect of different soil and rock materials on grouting filling effect, thus meeting different test requirements.

[0011] Preferably, the test box is integrally equipped with a water collection box at the outlet position. The water collection box discharges the liquid overflowing from the outlet to the water collection component through a water discharge pipe. By integrating the water collection box with the test box, waste liquid overflowing from the outlet can be buffered, reducing liquid splashing. Connecting the water collection box to the water discharge pipe allows the buffered liquid in the water collection box to be discharged to the water collection component for water collection, making the installation position of the water collection component more flexible and facilitating the expansion of the water holding space.

[0012] Preferably, the grouting angle adjustment device further includes a nozzle support component, through which the movable nozzle is installed inside the water collection box; the movable nozzle is rotatably connected to the nozzle support component, and the nozzle support component is connected to the water collection box; the nozzle support component is configured to allow the movable nozzle to swing back and forth in at least one direction. The nozzle support component is used to support and suspend the movable nozzle, limiting the overall displacement of the movable nozzle, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the swing angle of the movable nozzle. This solution installs the grouting angle adjustment device inside the water collection box, making installation more convenient.

[0013] Preferably, the nozzle support component includes a rectangular frame and a C-shaped fixing bracket. The rectangular frame is sleeved around the outer periphery of the movable nozzle. The rectangular frame is rotatably connected to the movable nozzle via a first rotating shaft, and the rectangular frame is rotatably connected to the C-shaped fixing bracket via a second rotating shaft. The axial directions of the first and second rotating shafts are perpendicular to each other. The C-shaped fixing bracket is fixedly connected to the water collection box. Through the rotational cooperation between the rectangular frame, the C-shaped fixing bracket, and the movable nozzle, the movable nozzle can swing back and forth in two mutually perpendicular directions.

[0014] As another possible implementation, the nozzle support component can also be installed on the side wall of the test box, which can enable the movable nozzle to be oriented toward the water outlet for injection direction adjustment, and is not limited to the examples mentioned above.

[0015] Preferably, the water collection component includes a water collection tray and a water collection drive wheel. The water collection drive wheel is coaxially arranged with the water collection tray, and the water collection tray is evenly provided with several water collection troughs of the same size. By driving the water collection drive wheel to rotate, the water collection tray is rotated, allowing the water to be collected in different water collection troughs. In use, water from different time periods can be collected individually through different water collection troughs to facilitate a direct comparison of the speed of grouting and water-stopping effects.

[0016] Preferably, the above-mentioned experimental apparatus further includes a grouting device for storing and injecting grout. The grouting device is connected to the movable nozzle through a grout delivery pipe. The grouting device is equipped with a stirring component to stir the grout evenly so as to achieve a better grouting effect.

[0017] Preferably, the above-mentioned experimental apparatus further includes a driving device, which includes a drive motor, a first driving component, and a second driving component. The drive motor is driven by the stirring component. The first driving component is fixedly connected to the drive shaft of the drive motor and is used to drive the water collection component to rotate intermittently, i.e., pause briefly, rotate a certain distance, pause again, and rotate a certain distance again. The second driving component is driven by the first driving component through gear meshing and is used to drive the grouting angle adjustment device to adjust the angle. This solution integrates the drive sources of the grouting angle adjustment device, the water collection component, and the stirring component of the grouting device. That is, the drive motor is used for multiple purposes, simultaneously driving the stirring of the grouting device, the rotation of the water collection component, and the adjustment of the grouting angle. This helps to reduce the number of drive structures required during the experiment, making the experimental apparatus more compact, reducing space occupation, and lowering investment costs.

[0018] Preferably, the first drive component and the water collection drive wheel adopt a grooved wheel mechanism, which can be used to control the intermittent rotation of the water collection component.

[0019] Preferably, the experimental apparatus further includes a horizontally positioned operating platform. The tunnel water inrush simulation component is fixed above the operating platform, the water inrush collection component is arranged in front of the water outlet and rotatably connected to the operating platform, and the grouting device is arranged below the operating platform. The driving device is vertically installed on the operating platform, the driving motor is arranged below the operating platform, the first driving assembly is installed on the upper surface of the operating platform, and the second driving assembly is drivenly connected to the top end of the first driving assembly. The structure is reasonably arranged, aesthetically pleasing, and easy to use.

[0020] Preferably, the second drive assembly includes a vertical mounting component, a vertical moving component, an adjustable drive component, and a transmission component. The transmission component is used to adjust the grouting angle of the grouting angle adjusting device. The transmission component is connected to the first drive assembly via the adjustable drive component. The adjustable drive component is connected to the vertical mounting component via the vertical moving component. The vertical mounting component is fixedly mounted on the operating table. The vertical moving component is movably engaged with the vertical mounting component. The vertical moving component is used to control the engagement state (i.e., engagement or disengagement) between the adjustable drive component and the first drive assembly.

[0021] When the vertical moving part moves downward, it drives the adjustable driving part downward and engages with the first driving assembly for transmission. Under the working conditions of the drive motor and the first driving assembly, the transmission part rotates synchronously, thereby driving the grouting angle adjustment device to adjust the angle. When the vertical moving part moves upward, it drives the adjustable driving part upward, and the adjustable driving part disengages from the first driving assembly. The drive motor and the first drive motor continue to work synchronously, and the grouting angle adjustment device maintains a specific angle for grouting injection.

[0022] Preferably, the test chamber has at least one partition inside, which divides the interior of the test chamber into at least two simulated cavities. These simulated cavities are arranged side-by-side, and each simulated cavity has an inlet and an outlet on opposite sides. Each outlet is equipped with a water collection box, a water discharge pipe, and a water collection component. This design can be used to simulate the differences in grouting effects of different tunnel materials or to study the grouting filling effects under different grouting angles, adapting to various experimental needs, and providing more intuitive and reliable effect comparisons.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an experimental method for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting, employing any of the above-mentioned experimental apparatus for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting, and comprising the following steps: At least two simulated cavities of the test chamber are filled with soil and rock materials to simulate tunnel materials; Aqueous solutions are injected into the test chamber through the inlets of each simulated cavity. During the injection process, slurry is simultaneously injected into each outlet under corresponding preset parameter conditions, including the injection angle. Collect and record the water inflow volume within the same time period, and conduct quantitative analysis of the grouting effect by comparing changes in water inflow volume (such as the total amount of water inflow and the speed of water cessation).

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The experimental device for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting and filling provided by the present invention can simulate grouting and filling behavior under different grouting angles while considering the coupling effect between the dynamic process of water inrush and the grouting process. It can also reflect the effect of grouting and filling on water inrush control under specific conditions by collecting water inrush volume. It has few interfering factors, is easy to use, and the simulation results are relatively realistic and reliable.

[0025] 2. The experimental device for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting and filling provided by the present invention can, in some embodiments, compare the differences in characteristics of different tunnel materials during water inrush and grouting filling processes by different simulation zones of the test box, or, during grouting filling, study the influence of different grouting angles on the tunnel water inrush control effect, and then judge the effect on the water inrush volume corresponding to different simulation zones. The operation is effective, fast and intuitive, and highly practical.

[0026] 3. In some embodiments, the experimental device for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting provided by the present invention uses a multi-functional drive device to simultaneously drive the grouting angle adjustment device, the water inrush collection component, and the grouting device, which greatly improves the space utilization rate, effectively reduces the number of drive structures required during the test, and further enhances the practicality and convenience of the entire experimental device.

[0027] 4. The experimental method for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting and filling provided by the present invention considers the coupling effect between the dynamic process of water inrush and the grouting process. It can simulate the impact of grouting and filling behavior on the tunnel water inrush control effect under single or combined conditions such as different water pressure, flow rate, and grouting angle in tunnels of the same or different materials. It has good applicability. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an experimental device for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting filling, as shown in Example 1. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an experimental device for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting filling, as shown in Example 1. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the tunnel water inrush simulation component in Example 1. Figure 1 ; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the tunnel water inrush simulation component in Example 1. Figure 2 ; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the nozzle support component in Embodiment 1. Figure 1 ; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the nozzle support component in Embodiment 1. Figure 2 ; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the water collection component in Example 1; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the grouting device in Example 1; Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the drive device in Embodiment 1. Figure 1 ; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the drive device in Embodiment 1. Figure 2 ; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second driving component in Embodiment 1; Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the vertically moving component in Embodiment 1.

[0029] Marking in the diagram: 1 - Control panel; 2-Tunnel water inrush simulation component; 21-Test box; 22-Baffle; 23-Water inlet; 24-Water inrush collection box; 25-Water inrush discharge pipe; 3- Grouting angle adjustment device; 31- Nozzle support component; 311- C-shaped fixing frame; 312- Rectangular frame; 32- Rotation drive assembly; 321- Rotation short shaft; 322- Rotation drive arm; 323- Drive rod; 324- First pulley; 33- Movable nozzle; 331- Grouting connector; 4-Water inrush collection component; 41-Water collection tray; 411-Water inrush collection trough; 42-Linkage installation assembly; 421-Linkage pulley; 422-Linkage transmission belt; 43-Water collection drive wheel; 44-Vertical rotation shaft; 5- Grouting device; 51- Grout storage tank; 52- Mixing assembly; 521- Mixing shaft; 522- Mixing fins; 523- Mixing pulley; 53- Suction pump; 54- Grout delivery pipe; 6-Drive unit; 61-Drive motor; 62-First drive assembly; 621-Rotating long shaft; 622-First meshing disc; 623-Support disc; 624-Drive column; 625-Positioning block; 63-Second drive assembly; 631-Vertical mounting component; 6311-Vertical plate; 6312-Mounting window; 6313-Card slot; 632-Up-down moving component; 6321-Moving block; 6322-Mounting groove; 6323-Rotating arm; 6324-Card block; 6325-Spring; 6326-Limiting block; 633-Adjustable drive component; 6331-Horizontal mounting plate; 6332-First bevel gear; 6333-Rectangular telescopic rod; 6334-Rotating sleeve; 6335-Second meshing disc; 634-Transmission component; 6341-Transverse rotating shaft; 6342-Second bevel gear; 6343-Second pulley; 6344-Angle adjusting transmission belt; 64 - Agitator drive pulley; 65 - Agitator drive belt. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1 like Figures 1-12 As shown, an experimental device for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting includes an operating platform 1, a tunnel water inrush simulation component 2, a grouting angle adjustment device 3, and a water inrush collection component 4. The operating platform is horizontally set, and the tunnel water inrush simulation component 2 and the water inrush collection component 4 are both fixedly installed on the operating platform 1 for easy operation.

[0032] The tunnel water inflow simulation component 2 is used to simulate the tunnel rock mass environment. It includes a test box 21 and a water inflow collection box 24. The test box 21 has a simulated cavity and is equipped with an inlet 23 and an outlet. The water inflow collection box 24 is integrally formed with the test box 21, surrounding the outlet. The upper part of the water inflow collection box 24 is an open structure for easy observation. In use, the test box 21 is filled with test block material to simulate the tunnel material. An aqueous solution is injected into the simulated cavity inside the test box 21 through the inlet 23, and then discharged through the outlet, thus simulating tunnel water inflow. During grouting filling tests, grout is injected into the test box 21 through the outlet, thus simulating the tunnel water inflow grouting process. The water inflow collection box 24 is positioned corresponding to the outlet to buffer water and grout overflowing from the outlet, preventing environmental pollution and ensuring smooth experimentation. A water inflow discharge pipe 25 is connected to the water inflow collection box 24 to discharge the waste liquid stored in the water inflow collection box 24.

[0033] The grouting angle adjustment device 3 is installed in the water collection box 24 on the front side of the tunnel water inflow simulation component 2, and is used to adjust the grouting angle. The grouting angle adjustment device 3 includes a movable nozzle 33, a nozzle support component 31, and a rotation drive assembly 32. The movable nozzle 33 is used to inject grout toward the water outlet. The nozzle support component 31 is used to support and fix the movable nozzle 33. The rotation drive assembly 32 connects the movable nozzle 33 and the drive device, and is used to adjust the rotation position of the movable nozzle 33 on the nozzle support component 31. The movable nozzle 33 is rotatably connected to the nozzle support component 31, and the nozzle support component 31 is fixedly connected to the water collection box 24. The nozzle support component 31 is configured to allow the movable nozzle 33 to swing back and forth in at least one direction. By changing the grouting angle through the grouting angle adjustment device 3, the effect of grouting filling at different grouting angles is studied experimentally.

[0034] The water inflow collection component 4 is correspondingly installed at the outlet of the water inflow discharge pipe 25. The water inflow collection component 4 is used to collect the water flowing out of the water inflow discharge pipe 25. This scheme verifies the grouting filling effect by collecting and recording the water inflow. Compared with using a camera to acquire images or measuring the diffusion distance of grout on different detection surfaces, this method has fewer external interference factors, smaller detection errors, and more realistic and reliable simulation results.

[0035] In optional implementations, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, two simulation zones are preferably set at the tunnel water inflow simulation component 2. For example, a partition 22 can be installed inside the test box 21, dividing the interior of the test box 21 into two parallel simulation cavities. Correspondingly, water inlets 23 are provided on the rear side of the test box 21 at the positions of the two simulation cavities, and water outlets are provided on the front side of the test box 21 at the positions of the two simulation cavities. Each water outlet on the front side of the test box 21 is equipped with a water inflow collection box 24, and a water discharge pipe 25 is installed on the lower part of the front side wall of the water inflow collection box 24. Each water discharge pipe 25 is connected to a water inflow collection component 4 to facilitate comparative experiments, making the test results more intuitive and reliable. With the help of these two simulation zones, simulations can be carried out for different tunnel materials, thereby conducting corresponding tests on the grouting filling effect of tunnel water inflow under different material conditions.

[0036] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, a grouting angle adjustment device 3 is installed in the left simulation area of ​​the tunnel water inrush simulation component 2, while the other simulation area is tested at a fixed angle. This scheme can be used to simulate the differences in grouting effects of different tunnel materials, and also to study the grouting filling effect under different grouting angles. The effect comparison is intuitive and quick.

[0037] In optional implementations, such as Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the movable nozzle 33 preferably adopts a cylindrical structure with one end open and the other end closed. A grouting connector 331 is provided on the side wall of the movable nozzle 33, with the open end of the movable nozzle 33 facing the water outlet. The movable nozzle 33 is connected to the grouting device 5 through the grouting connector 331 on the side wall to provide grout. This movable nozzle 33 has a simple structure, occupies little space, and is easy to install and move in the relatively narrow water collection box 24, making it flexible in use.

[0038] In optional implementations, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the nozzle support component 31 includes a rectangular frame 312 and a C-shaped fixing bracket 311. The rectangular frame 312 is sleeved around the outer periphery of the movable nozzle 33. The C-shaped fixing bracket 311 is fixedly installed on the inner side wall of the left water collection box 24. The C-shaped fixing bracket 311 is arranged opposite to the water outlet. The C-shaped fixing bracket 311 is C-shaped. The rectangular frame 312 is rotatably installed between the two ends of the C-shaped fixing bracket 311. The movable nozzle 33 is rotatably installed inside the rectangular frame 312. The rotation axis of the movable nozzle 33 is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rectangular frame 312. The C-shaped fixing bracket 311 and the rectangular frame 312 can support the movable nozzle 33 when it rotates, ensuring that the movable nozzle 33 can rotate together with the rotation drive component 32.

[0039] In an optional embodiment, the rotation drive assembly 32 includes a short rotation shaft 321, a rotation drive arm 322, a drive rod 323, and a first pulley 324. The short rotation shaft 321 is installed through the front sidewall of the water collection box 24. The rotation drive arm 322 is fixedly installed at one end of the short rotation shaft 321 inside the water collection box 24. The drive rod 323 is movably sleeved at the end of the rotation drive arm 322. The drive rod 323 is fixedly installed on the closed end face of the movable nozzle 33. The first pulley 324 is fixedly installed at the other end of the short rotation shaft 321 outside the water collection box 24. By driving the first pulley 324 to rotate, the short rotation shaft 321 and the rotation drive arm 322 are driven to rotate. When the rotation drive arm 322 rotates, it drives the drive rod 323 to rotate, and the end of the rotation drive arm 322 slides along the drive rod 323, so that one end of the movable nozzle 33 rotates together with the end of the rotation drive arm 322. This allows for angle adjustment in both the X-axis and Y-axis directions, and is not limited to the examples mentioned above. The first pulley 324 can be driven manually or automatically using electrical equipment.

[0040] In optional implementations, such as Figure 7 As shown, the water collection component 4 includes a water collection tray 41 and a water collection drive wheel 43. The water collection tray 41 is mounted on the operating table 1 via a vertical rotating shaft 44. The water collection tray 41 is fixedly connected to the vertical rotating shaft 44, and the vertical rotating shaft 44 is rotatably connected to the operating table 1. The water collection drive wheel 43 is coaxially positioned below the water collection tray 41 and is used to connect to the drive device 6. The water collection tray 41 is evenly provided with several water collection troughs 411 of the same size. By driving the water collection drive wheel 43 to rotate, the water collection tray 41 is rotated, allowing the water to be collected in different water collection troughs 411. In use, water from different time periods can be collected individually through different water collection troughs 411 for easy comparison of the amount of water.

[0041] In this embodiment, eight drive grooves are evenly opened along the circumference of the water collection drive wheel 43, and a limiting notch is set between two adjacent drive grooves. Therefore, the water collection drive wheel 43 can be driven to rotate 45 degrees each time. At this time, the water collection plate 41 also rotates 45 degrees synchronously. After the water collection plate 41 rotates, the water discharge pipe 25 can be aligned with the next water collection groove 411, so that the water collection component 4 can collect the water flow in the same time period separately.

[0042] like Figure 7 As shown, when there are two or more water collection trays 41, multiple water collection trays 41 can be connected sequentially through a linkage mounting assembly 42. A water collection drive wheel 43 is installed on the rotation shaft of only one of the water collection trays 41, thereby achieving synchronous rotation of all water collection trays 41 by rotating the water collection drive wheel 43. The linkage mounting assembly 42 includes a linkage pulley 421 and a linkage transmission belt 422. A linkage pulley 421 is installed on the vertical rotation shaft 44 of each water collection component 4, and a linkage transmission belt 422 is installed between adjacent linkage pulleys 421. For example, in... Figure 7 In the middle, the water collection component 4 is provided in two places. When the water collection drive wheel 43 rotates, it will drive the left vertical rotating shaft 44 to rotate. The two vertical rotating shafts 44 rotate synchronously under the transmission action of the linkage transmission belt 422 and the two linkage pulleys 421, so that the two water collection plates 41 rotate synchronously.

[0043] By collecting the water inflow volume separately within the same time period during the grouting process, it is possible to clearly determine whether the water inflow volume shows a decreasing trend as the grout is continuously filled, and thus accurately know the actual effect of the grouting.

[0044] In one or more embodiments, the above-mentioned experimental apparatus further includes a grouting device 5 for grouting the tunnel water inflow simulation component 2.

[0045] like Figure 8As shown, the grouting device 5 includes a grout storage tank 51, a mixing assembly 52, a suction pump 53, and a grout delivery pipe 54. The grout storage tank 51 is fixedly installed on the lower side of the operating platform 1. The mixing assembly 52 is rotatably installed inside the grout storage tank 51 to mix the grout evenly for better grouting effect. The mixing assembly 52 is driven to rotate by a drive device 6. The suction pump 53 is installed on the right outlet of the grout storage tank 51, and the outlet of the suction pump 53 is connected to the grout delivery pipe 54. The end of the grout delivery pipe 54 is connected to the tunnel water inflow simulation component 2. The suction pump 53 can draw out the grout from the grout storage tank 51 and deliver it to the tunnel water inflow simulation component 2 through the grout delivery pipe 54. In the case of setting up two simulation areas for comparative experiments, the end of the grout delivery pipe 54 is connected to two delivery hoses through a T-joint. One delivery hose is connected to the fixed grouting port on the tunnel water inflow simulation component 2, and the other delivery hose is connected to the movable nozzle 33. Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown.

[0046] In an optional embodiment, the stirring assembly 52 includes a stirring shaft 521, stirring blades 522, and a stirring pulley 523. The stirring shaft 521 is rotatably mounted between the upper and lower walls of the slurry storage tank 51. The stirring blades 522 are fixedly connected to the lower end of the stirring shaft 521, and the upper end of the stirring shaft 521 extends out of the slurry storage tank 51 and is connected to the stirring pulley 523. By driving the stirring pulley 523 to rotate, the stirring shaft 521 is driven to rotate, thereby causing the stirring shaft 521 to drive the stirring blades 522 to rotate together. The stirring blades 522 can then stir the slurry in the slurry storage tank 51, preventing the slurry from settling.

[0047] When testing is required, grout is injected into the tunnel water inflow simulation component 2 via the grouting device 5, ensuring smooth grout delivery and filling throughout the test. The grouting angle adjustment device 3 allows for continuous and flexible adjustment of the grouting angle during the test, resulting in a more uniform grout diffusion effect. Simultaneously, by comparing this with the case on the right side using fixed-angle grouting, the impact of the grouting angle on the tunnel water inflow control effect during grouting can be effectively tested.

[0048] In one or more implementations, such as Figure 1 As shown, the above-mentioned experimental device also includes a driving device 6, which is used to drive the grouting angle adjustment device 3 to adjust the angle, drive the water collection component 4 to work, and drive the grout in the grouting device 5 to stir. It is a multi-functional device.

[0049] Specifically, such as Figures 9-12As shown, the drive device 6 includes a drive motor 61, a first drive assembly 62, a second drive assembly 63, a stirring drive pulley 64, and a stirring transmission belt 65. The drive motor 61, the first drive assembly 62, and the second drive assembly 63 are arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The drive motor 61 is installed on the lower side of the operating platform 1 and is used to drive the slurry in the grouting device 5 to stir. The first drive assembly 62 is installed on the upper surface of the operating platform 1, and the bottom end of the first drive assembly 62 is connected to the drive shaft of the drive motor 61. The first drive assembly 62 is used to drive the water collection component 4 to work. The second drive assembly 63 is installed on the operating platform 1 through a vertical mounting member 631 and is movably engaged with the top end of the first drive assembly 62. The second drive assembly 63 is used to drive the grouting angle adjustment device 3 to adjust the angle.

[0050] A stirring drive pulley 64 is mounted on the rotating shaft of the drive motor 61, and a stirring transmission belt 65 is mounted on the stirring drive pulley 64. The stirring transmission belt 65 is connected to the stirring pulley 523 of the grouting device 5. When the drive motor 61 rotates, it drives the stirring drive pulley 64 to rotate. Under the transmission action of the stirring transmission belt 65, the stirring pulley 523 also rotates, thereby enabling the stirring shaft 521 to rotate. The stirring shaft 521 drives the stirring blades 522 to rotate as well. The stirring blades 522 can then stir the slurry in the slurry storage tank 51 to prevent slurry sedimentation.

[0051] like Figure 10As shown, the first drive assembly 62 includes a rotating long shaft 621, a first meshing disc 622, a support disc 623, a drive column 624, and a locking block 625. The rotating long shaft 621 is rotatably mounted on the operating table 1. The lower end of the rotating long shaft 621 passes through the operating table 1 and is connected to the rotating end of the drive motor 61. The upper end of the rotating long shaft 621 is fixedly connected to the first meshing disc 622, which can mesh with the lower end of the second drive assembly 63. The lower end of the rotating long shaft 621 is fixedly mounted on the support disc 623. The upper surface of the support disc 623 is provided with the locking block 625 and the drive column 625. The column 624 has a locking block 625 located at the center of the support plate 623. The outer periphery of the locking block 625 is arc-shaped and matches the limiting notch of the water collection drive wheel 43. The drive column 624 is located at the edge of the support plate 623. The drive column 624 is set to correspond to the notch of the locking block 625 and is used to lock the drive groove of the water collection drive wheel 43. When the drive column 624 rotates with the support plate 623, it can drive the water collection component 4 to rotate. The locking block 625 can limit the water collection component 4 when the drive column 624 is not in contact with the water collection component 4. When the support plate 623 rotates with the rotating long shaft 621, it will drive the locking block 625 and the drive column 624 to rotate together. When the drive column 624 rotates into the drive groove on the water collecting drive wheel 43, it can drive the water collecting drive wheel 43 to rotate together. When the drive column 624 leaves the drive groove on the water collecting drive wheel 43, the water collecting drive wheel 43 can rotate. At this time, the outer wall of the locking block 625 fits with the limiting notch on the water collecting drive wheel 43, and the locking block 625 can limit the water collecting drive wheel 43, so that the water collecting drive wheel 43 remains stationary.

[0052] like Figure 11As shown, the second drive assembly 63 includes a vertical mounting member 631, a vertical moving member 632, an adjustable drive member 633, and a transmission member 634. The transmission member 634 is used to drive the grouting angle adjustment device 3. The transmission member 634 is driven by the adjustable drive member 633 and is connected to the first drive assembly 62. The adjustable drive member 633 moves up and down through the vertical moving member 632. The vertical mounting member 631 is fixedly mounted on the operating table 1. The vertical moving member 632 is movably connected to the vertical mounting member 631. The adjustable drive member 633 is connected to one end of the vertical moving member 632 and cantilevered and fixed to the vertical mounting member 631. The transmission member 634 is cantilevered above the adjustable drive member 633 and fixedly connected to the vertical mounting member 631. The upper end of the transmission member 634 is engaged with the upper end of the adjustable drive member 633. When the second drive assembly 63 is to rotate, the drive up-down moving part 632 moves downward. At this time, the lower end of the adjustable drive part 633 engages with the first drive assembly 62, and the adjustable drive part 633 can rotate under the transmission action of the first drive assembly 62. The upper end of the adjustable drive part 633 engages with the transmission part 634, thereby driving the transmission part 634 to rotate, so that the transmission part 634 can drive the grouting angle adjustment device 3 to adjust the angle.

[0053] The vertical mounting component 631 includes a vertical plate 6311, a mounting window 6312, and a slot 6313. The vertical plate 6311 is fixedly mounted on the operating table 1. The upper part of the vertical plate 6311 has a mounting window 6312, and the left and right side walls of the mounting window 6312 have slots 6313.

[0054] like Figure 11 , Figure 12As shown, the up-and-down moving part 632 includes a moving block 6321, a mounting groove 6322, a rotating arm 6323, a locking block 6324, and a spring 6325. The movable block 6321 is movably installed at the installation window 6312. Installation grooves 6322 are respectively provided on the left and right side walls of the movable block 6321. A rotating arm 6323 is installed within each installation groove 6322. One end of the rotating arm 6323 is hinged to the movable block 6321, and the other end of the rotating arm 6323 is fitted with a locking block 6324. The locking block 6324 can engage with the locking grooves 6313 on both sides of the installation window 6312, thereby fixing the movable block 6321 onto the vertical mounting member 631. A spring 6325 is installed between the end of the rotating arm 6323 and the movable block 6321. Under the pushing force of the spring 6325, the locking blocks 6324 on both sides maintain contact with the corresponding locking grooves 6313, thereby achieving left and right limit positioning. Under the locking action of the locking grooves 6313 on both sides of the vertical mounting member 631, the front and rear limit positioning of the movable block 6321 can be achieved. Furthermore, a limiting block 6326 is preferably provided on the rotating arms 6323 on both sides. The limiting block 6326 is located on the rear side of the vertical mounting member 631 (i.e., on the side away from the adjustable drive member 633) and is used to limit the left and right swing of the moving block 6321.

[0055] The adjustable drive component 633 includes a horizontal mounting plate 6331, a first bevel gear 6332, a rectangular telescopic rod 6333, a rotating sleeve 6334, and a second meshing disc 6335. The adjustable drive component 633 is fixedly mounted to the vertical mounting component 631 via the horizontal mounting plate 6331. The horizontal mounting plate 6331 is located above the mounting window 6312. One end of the horizontal mounting plate 6331 is fixedly mounted on the vertical mounting component 631, and the lower surface of the other end of the horizontal mounting plate 6331 is rotatably connected to the first bevel gear 6332. The lower end of the first bevel gear 6332 is fixedly connected to the rectangular telescopic rod 6333. The lower end of the rectangular telescopic rod 6333 is fixedly connected to a second meshing disc 6335 for meshing and transmission with the first meshing disc 622. The length of the rectangular telescopic rod 6333 is telescopic, and the distance between the first bevel gear 6332 and the second meshing disc 6335 can be adjusted through the rectangular telescopic rod 6333 to improve assembly adaptability. A rotating sleeve 6334 is sleeved on the lower end of the rectangular telescopic rod 6333. The side wall of the rotating sleeve 6334 is connected to the up-and-down moving part 632. The displacement and attitude of the adjustable drive part 633 can be adjusted through the up-and-down moving part 632 to control the meshing state of the adjustable drive part 633 and the first drive assembly 62.

[0056] The transmission component 634 includes a transverse rotating shaft 6341, a second bevel gear 6342, a second pulley 6343, and an angle-adjustable transmission belt 6344. One end of the transverse rotating shaft 6341 is rotatably connected to the vertical mounting component 631, and the other end of the transverse rotating shaft 6341 is fixedly connected to the second bevel gear 6342. The second bevel gear 6342 meshes with the first bevel gear 6332 of the adjustable drive component 633. The end of the transverse rotating shaft 6341 is also fixedly connected to the second pulley 6343, and the angle-adjustable transmission belt 6344 is mounted on the second pulley 6343. The angle-adjustable transmission belt 6344 is connected to the first pulley 324 of the grouting angle adjustment device 3.

[0057] When adjusting the grouting angle, hold the movable block 6321 and press the rotating arm 6323 inward so that the locking blocks 6324 at the ends of the rotating arms 6323 on both sides retract into the mounting groove 6322. Then move the movable block 6321 downward to align the movable block 6321 with the locking groove 6313. Then release the rotating arm 6323. Under the rebound force of the spring 6325, the locking blocks 6324 are locked in the locking groove 6313. At this time, the movable block 6321 can be fixed at the lower part of the mounting window 6312. After the moving block 6321 moves to the bottom, it will drive the rectangular telescopic rod 6333 to move down together. At this time, the second meshing disc 6335 at the bottom of the rectangular telescopic rod 6333 meshes with the first meshing disc 622. The upper end of the rectangular telescopic rod 6333 remains unchanged and remains meshed with the second bevel gear 6342. At this time, the rotation of the long shaft 621 can drive the second meshing disc 6335 to rotate together, so that the first bevel gear 6332 can drive the second bevel gear 6342 to rotate. At this time, the first pulley 324 can rotate together with the second pulley 6343 under the transmission action of the angle adjustment transmission belt 6344.

[0058] The drive device 6 has excellent collaborative driving capability. By starting one drive motor 61, it can drive the stirring component 52 to stir at the same time, and drive the first drive component 62 and the second drive component 63 to work. This automatically realizes slurry stirring, intermittent water collection and grouting angle adjustment, so that the drive motor 61 can achieve three functions in one machine. This effectively reduces the number of drive structures required in the test process and further improves the practicality and convenience of the entire test device.

[0059] The working principle of the above-mentioned experimental device is as follows: When conducting the test, firstly, test blocks for simulating tunnels are filled into the two simulated cavities in the test box 21. Aqueous solution is injected into the two simulated cavities in the test box 21 through the water inlet 23. The aqueous solution will be discharged through the water outlet to simulate water inflow in the tunnel. Then, the two delivery hoses at the end of the grout delivery pipe 54 are respectively connected to the fixed grouting port and the movable nozzle 33 with adjustable grouting angle. The test can be carried out by turning on the drive motor 61 and the suction pump 53.

[0060] During the test, the drive motor 61 can drive the first drive component 62 to rotate. At this time, the support plate 623 drives the drive column 624 to rotate together. When the drive column 624 rotates into the drive groove on the water collection drive wheel 43, it can drive the water collection drive wheel 43 to rotate together. When the drive column 624 leaves the drive groove on the water collection drive wheel 43, the water collection drive wheel 43 can rotate. At this time, the outer wall of the locking block 625 fits with the limiting notch on the water collection drive wheel 43. The locking block 625 can limit the water collection drive wheel 43, so that the water collection drive wheel 43 remains stationary. The first drive component 62 can make the water collection plate 41 rotate a certain angle at intervals, so that the water collection component 4 can collect the water flow within the same time period separately.

[0061] When conducting a tunnel water inrush grouting test by changing the grouting angle, hold the movable block 6321 and press the rotating arm 6323 inward so that the locking block 6324 at the end of the rotating arm 6323 extends into the mounting groove 6322. Then move the movable block 6321 downward and align it with the lower locking groove 6313. Release the rotating arm 6323. Under the rebound force of the spring 6325, the locking block 6324 is locked in the locking groove 6313. At this time, the movable block 6321 can be fixed at the lower part of the mounting window 6312. After the moving block 6321 moves to its lowest position, it will cause the lower end of the rectangular telescopic rod 6333 to move downwards as well. At this time, the second meshing disc 6335 at the lower end of the rectangular telescopic rod 6333 meshes with the first meshing disc 622. When the long shaft 621 rotates, it can drive the second meshing disc 6335 to rotate as well, thereby enabling the first bevel gear 6332 to drive the second bevel gear 6342 to rotate. At this time, the first pulley 324 can rotate together with the second pulley 6343 under the transmission action of the angle adjustment transmission belt 6344. When in motion, it can drive the rotating short shaft 321 and the rotating drive arm 322 to rotate. The drive rod 323 is fixedly installed on the movable nozzle 33. When the rotating drive arm 322 rotates, it will drive the drive rod 323 to rotate, and the end of the rotating drive arm 322 will slide along the drive rod 323, so that one end of the movable nozzle 33 rotates together with the end of the rotating drive arm 322. This allows the grouting angle of the movable nozzle 33 to be continuously changed during the grouting process, thereby testing the effect of the grouting angle on the tunnel water inrush control effect.

[0062] Using the above-mentioned experimental setup, the treatment effects of different grouting angles can be simulated more realistically and efficiently, thereby obtaining relevant data on the optimal grouting angle, improving the efficiency and quality of grouting filling in actual engineering projects, and providing more realistic and valuable experimental data for the treatment of water inrush in mountain tunnels.

[0063] Example 2 Based on Example 1, this example provides an experimental method for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting and filling. The method utilizes the aforementioned experimental apparatus for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting and filling, and includes the following steps: At least two simulated cavities of the tunnel water inrush simulation component 2 are filled with rock and soil material to simulate tunnel material. Aqueous solution is injected into test box 21 through inlet 23 of each simulated cavity. After the aqueous solution is discharged through outlet, the water volume can be collected by water collection component 4. During the water injection process, grout is injected simultaneously at each outlet with corresponding preset parameters. The preset parameters include the grouting angle, and the preset parameter conditions at each outlet can be set to be the same or different. The water inflow of each water inflow collection component 4 is collected and recorded within the same time period, and the grouting effect is quantitatively analyzed by comparing the changes in water inflow.

[0064] During the experiment, considering the coupling effect between the dynamic process of water inrush and the grouting process, the influence of grouting filling behavior on the tunnel water inrush control effect under single or combined conditions such as different water pressures, flow rates, and grouting angles in tunnels of the same or different materials can be simulated. This method has good applicability and high practicality. The grouting filling effect is quantitatively analyzed by collecting and recording the water inrush volume, resulting in fewer interfering factors, controllable variables, intuitive effect comparisons, and more realistic and reliable test results.

[0065] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting, characterized in that, include: The test box (21) has an internal cavity for filling with a material that simulates the rock strata of a tunnel. The test box (21) has an inlet (23) and an outlet. A water collection component (4) is provided at the outlet for collecting the water overflowing from the outlet. The grouting angle adjustment device (3) includes a movable nozzle (33), which is installed at the outlet and is used to inject grout toward the outlet. The movable nozzle (33) can swing back and forth in at least one direction.

2. The experimental apparatus for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting and filling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test box (21) is integrally provided with a water collection box (24) corresponding to the water outlet position. The water collection box (24) discharges the liquid overflowing from the water outlet to the water collection component (4) through the water discharge pipe (25).

3. The experimental apparatus for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting and filling according to claim 2, characterized in that, The grouting angle adjustment device (3) further includes a nozzle support component (31), the movable nozzle (33) is rotatably connected to the nozzle support component (31), the nozzle support component (31) is fixedly connected to the water collection box (24), and the nozzle support component (31) is configured to allow the movable nozzle (33) to swing back and forth in at least one direction.

4. The experimental apparatus for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting and filling according to claim 3, characterized in that, The nozzle support component (31) includes a rectangular frame (312) and a C-shaped fixing bracket (311). The rectangular frame (312) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the movable nozzle (33). The rectangular frame (312) is rotatably connected to the movable nozzle (33) through a first rotating shaft. The rectangular frame (312) and the C-shaped fixing bracket (311) are rotatably connected through a second rotating shaft. The axial directions of the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are perpendicular to each other. The C-shaped fixing bracket (311) is fixedly connected to the water collection box (24).

5. The experimental apparatus for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting and filling according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the water collection component (4), which includes a water collection tray (41) and a water collection drive wheel (43). The water collection drive wheel (43) is coaxially arranged with the water collection tray (41), and the water collection tray (41) is uniformly provided with several water collection troughs (411) of the same size.

6. The experimental apparatus for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting and filling according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a grouting device (5) and a driving device (6). The grouting device (5) includes a stirring assembly (52) for stirring the grout. The driving device (6) includes a driving motor (61), a first driving assembly (62), and a second driving assembly (63). The driving motor (61) is connected to the stirring assembly (52) in a transmission connection. The first driving assembly (62) is fixedly connected to the drive shaft of the driving motor (61). The first driving assembly (62) is used to drive the water collection component (4) to rotate intermittently. The second driving assembly (63) is connected to the first driving assembly (62) through gear meshing. The second driving assembly (63) is used to adjust the swing angle of the movable nozzle (33).

7. The experimental apparatus for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting and filling according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a horizontally set operating platform (1), the tunnel water inrush simulation component (2) is fixed on the upper side of the operating platform (1), the water inrush collection component (4) is arranged in front of the water outlet, and the water inrush collection component (4) is rotatably connected to the operating platform (1), the grouting device (5) is arranged below the operating platform (1); the driving device (6) is vertically installed on the operating platform (1), the driving motor (61) is arranged below the operating platform (1), the first driving component (62) is installed on the upper surface of the operating platform (1), and the second driving component (63) is connected to the top of the first driving component (62) in a transmission connection.

8. The experimental apparatus for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting filling according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second drive assembly (63) includes a vertical mounting component (631), a vertical moving component (632), an adjustable drive component (633), and a transmission component (634). The transmission component (634) is used to adjust the grouting angle of the grouting angle adjustment device (3). The transmission component (634) is connected to the first drive assembly (62) through the adjustable drive component (633). The adjustable drive component (633) is connected to the vertical mounting component (631) through the vertical moving component (632). The vertical mounting component (631) is fixedly mounted on the operating table (1). The vertical moving component (632) is movably engaged with the vertical mounting component (631). The vertical moving component (632) is used to control the engagement state between the adjustable drive component (633) and the first drive assembly (62).

9. An experimental apparatus for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting filling according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The test box (21) is provided with at least one partition (22) inside, which divides the interior of the test box (21) into at least two simulated cavities. Each simulated cavity is arranged in parallel, and each simulated cavity has an inlet (23) and an outlet on its opposite sides. Each outlet is provided with a corresponding water collection box (24).

10. An experimental method for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting, characterized in that, The experimental apparatus for simulating tunnel water inrush grouting and filling, as described in claim 9, is implemented by comprising the following steps: At least two simulated cavities of the test box (21) are filled with soil and rock material to simulate tunnel material; Aqueous solution is injected into test box (21) through the inlet (23) of each simulated cavity. During the injection process, slurry is injected at each outlet with corresponding preset parameter conditions, including the injection angle. Collect and record the water inflow volume within the same time period, and evaluate the grouting effect by comparing the changes in water inflow volume.

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