A method for preparing and applying chestnut organic fertilizer made from forest stand residues.

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for preparing and applying chestnut organic fertilizer made from forest stand residues. It belongs to the field of organic fertilizer preparation technology. The method first involves crushing chestnut fruit buds, dead branches, and other residues. A specific ratio of compound fermentation agent is added, the carbon-nitrogen ratio and pH value are adjusted, and wood vinegar and brown sugar are used. Under controlled humidity and temperature conditions, composting fermentation is carried out to obtain highly decomposed organic matter. Subsequently, a specific probiotic fungus agent such as Mortierella is inoculated into this organic matter, and it is covered with forest understory soil rich in probiotic fungi for secondary fermentation, ultimately producing a chestnut-specific organic fertilizer. This product can significantly improve soil fertility and chestnut yield. For application, it is applied deeply near the drip line of chestnut trees in mid-to-late December each year, at a rate of 15-20 kg / tree. This invention successfully achieves the efficient resource utilization of chestnut residues, turning waste into treasure, and possessing both ecological and economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic fertilizer preparation technology, and more specifically to a chestnut organic fertilizer prepared using forest stand residues, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] In the process of economic forest production, a large amount of biomass residues are generally generated, mainly including fruit processing byproducts such as fruit buds, seed shells, and fruit pomace, as well as dead branches, pruned branches, and fallen leaves generated from forest tending and management. my country's fruit processing rate is relatively low (10%-30%), which further generates a large amount of byproducts such as fruit peels, fruit pomace, and substandard fruit, and the level of resource utilization of these byproducts urgently needs to be improved.

[0003] Chestnut ( Castanea henryi As an important economic tree species and woody food tree species unique to my country, the chestnut is widely distributed in subtropical mountainous areas such as Fujian, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang provinces. Its nuts have a unique flavor and high nutritional value, and have become a pillar industry of regional specialty agricultural products. According to statistics from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, as of 2022, the planting area of ​​chestnuts in my country had exceeded 1.2 million mu (approximately 86,667 hectares), with an annual output of 100,000 tons, forming a complete "planting-processing-sales" industrial chain with an annual output value exceeding 1.6 billion yuan.

[0004] However, the rapid development of the chestnut industry has also generated a huge amount of processing waste, especially the husks (shells) removed after the nuts are harvested, which have become the most significant byproduct. Statistics show that approximately 0.8 to 1.2 tons of husks are produced for every ton of chestnuts produced, accounting for 35% to 40% of the total biomass of the fruit. Based on the annual processing volume in the main producing areas, the total amount of husk waste generated annually exceeds 93,000 tons.

[0005] Currently, the traditional method of disposing of these forest stand residues (mainly involucrals, including dead branches and pruned branches) is to dump them in the open near forest areas or processing sites, which has caused significant ecological, environmental and economic problems: First, the accumulation of large amounts of organic residues provides a breeding ground for pathogens and pests, exacerbating the risk of forest stand diseases and pests; Second, the involucrals of the chestnut are rich in tannins, lignin and crude fiber, which are difficult to degrade in nature, often requiring more than 4 years to degrade. During the slow natural decomposition process, they continuously release allelochemicals such as phenols, inhibiting soil microbial activity, leading to a decline in soil quality and degradation of surrounding vegetation, which seriously restricts the sustainable and healthy management of chestnut forests; Third, the huge amount of residues is needlessly discarded, which not only fails to create economic value, but also requires additional investment in pollution control and pest and disease prevention, resulting in low overall economic benefits for chestnut forests.

[0006] With the continuous expansion of the chestnut industry and the increasing demand for intensive processing, the large-scale and centralized accumulation of residues such as fruit buds, dead branches, and pruned branches has become a key bottleneck restricting the green development and ecological cycle of the industry.

[0007] Therefore, how to achieve efficient, harmless, and resource-based utilization of chestnut forest residues through technological innovation, turning waste into treasure, has become a crucial technical issue that urgently needs to be addressed for the sustainable development of the industry. Developing a resource-based technology that can specifically transform chestnut residues and improve the productivity of chestnut forests has urgent practical significance and broad application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for preparing chestnut organic fertilizer using forest stand residues and its application, which successfully realizes the efficient resource utilization of chestnut residues, turning waste into treasure, and achieving both ecological and economic benefits.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] The primary objective of this application is to provide a method for preparing chestnut organic fertilizer from forest stand residues, comprising the following steps: (1) Material pretreatment: crush the fruit buds, dead branches and pruning residue of the chestnut stand into shavings with a length of 1-2 cm; (2) Composting fermentation: Add compound fermentation agent, urea solution, brown sugar and wood vinegar to the debris obtained in step (1), and adjust the pH value and humidity, and then carry out composting fermentation to obtain degraded organic matter; the compound fermentation agent includes EM agent, RW composting agent and organic fertilizer fermentation agent; (3) Functionalization treatment: Adding functionalized organic matter to the degraded organic matter obtained in step (2) Alpine Mortierella , Saitozyma podzolica and Cadophora orientoamericana A compound probiotic liquid containing various strains, and coated with a solution rich in... Tomentella , Scleroderma and Lactarius The soil from high-yield chestnut stands containing fungal strains is then covered with a film and fermented further to produce a special organic fertilizer for chestnuts.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, in step (2), the amount of EM agent added is 5‰~7‰, the amount of RW decomposition accelerator added is 6‰~7‰, and the amount of organic fertilizer fermentation agent added is 3‰~5‰, based on the weight of the chestnut residue.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, in step (2), the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material is controlled at 30:1 to 40:1 by adding urea solution; the amount of brown sugar added is 7‰ to 9‰ of the weight of the chestnut residue.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, in step (2), the wood vinegar is added in the form of a diluted solution of water and wood vinegar stock solution of 450:1 to 750:1, and the amount added is 45 to 55 mL per kilogram of chestnut residue.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, in step (2), the pH value of the material is adjusted to 6.5~7.5 using quicklime solution; and the moisture content of the material is adjusted to 55%~60% using clean water.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, in step (2), the conditions for composting fermentation are as follows: the material is piled into a strip with a width of 1.5~2m and a height of 0.5~0.7m, covered with a film and then fermented; after the fermentation begins, the pile is turned over once a week and water is added once a week to maintain a humidity of 55%~60% and a temperature of 50℃~60℃; after two weeks, the pile is turned over and fermentation continues for 15~20 days.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, step (3) includes Alpine Mortierella , Cytozyme podzolic and Cadophora orientoamericana The bacterial suspension was prepared by mixing live bacteria in a 1:1:1 ratio, and the final concentration was adjusted to 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 6 –1.0×10 7 CFU / mL, the amount of bacterial solution added accounts for 3%~5% of the volume of degraded organic matter; the rich in Tomentella , Scleroderma and Lactarius The amount of the fungal strain added to the topsoil of high-yielding chestnut stands accounts for 2% to 4% of the volume of degraded organic matter.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, the fermentation time in step (3) is 10 to 15 days (10 days); the conditions for continued fermentation are as follows: humidity 65% ​​to 75%, temperature 25℃ to 30℃, pH 6.5 to 7.0.

[0018] Another object of this application is to provide: a chestnut-specific organic fertilizer prepared according to the above method.

[0019] Another object of this application is to provide a method for applying the aforementioned chestnut-specific organic fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer is applied in the soil at a depth of 20-40 cm outside the drip line of the chestnut tree in mid-to-late December of the same year, at an application rate of 15-20 kg / tree.

[0020] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) In this invention, the residue of chestnut forest stands is made into organic fertilizer, which can not only effectively solve the environmental pollution problem caused by the residue of chestnut forest stands, but also eliminate the source of disease and pest transmission, and has great ecological benefits.

[0021] (2) In this invention, in view of the characteristics of chestnut production, chestnut-specific probiotics are added, so that the organic matter of the residue decomposed has better quality and characteristics, regulates the balance between chestnut trees, microorganisms and soil nutrients, provides better environmental conditions for chestnut growth and development, and realizes the ecological cycle cultivation and sustainable management of chestnut forest stands.

[0022] (3) In this invention, the residue of the chestnut forest stand is made into organic fertilizer, which not only saves a lot of money to buy organic fertilizer, but also effectively increases the yield of chestnut seeds, with a yield increase of 130%, which has great economic benefits and realizes the benign development of the ecological economy of the chestnut forest stand.

[0023] (4) Using this method to degrade chestnut residues, the residues can be converted into organic matter after 20 to 30 days; while in artificial forests in the wild, it takes at least 3 years for the fruit buds in the residues to be converted into organic matter. Therefore, the degradation effect of chestnut residues in this patent is very significant. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Alpine Mortierella , Saitozyma podzolica and Cadophora orientoamericana The purchase channels are as follows: Alpine Mortierella (Morchella alpinea, China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center, CICC2557); Saitozyma podzolica (Gray yeast, China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center, CICC33112); Cadophora orientoamericana (Bio-Bio Biotech, bio-087533).

[0026] Example 1 Preparation of chestnut organic matter from forest stand residues (1) Material pretreatment: crush the fruit buds, dead branches and pruning residue of the chestnut stand into shavings with a length of 1-2 cm; (2) Composting fermentation: Add a compound fermentation agent containing EM bacteria, RW composting agent (RW composting agent is a compound of eleven strains of bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeast and related enzymes, which has the characteristics of aerobic fermentation, strong ability to decompose protein and crude fiber. Purchased from Hebi Renyuan Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd., RW-B type) and organic fertilizer fermentation agent (purchased from Sukehan Bioengineering Co., Ltd., SUKAAgri-C3008C / F) to the debris obtained in step (1). The amount of EM bacteria added is 5‰, the amount of RW composting agent added is 6‰, and the amount of organic fertilizer fermentation agent added is 5‰ based on the weight of the chestnut residue debris. Add urea solution to control the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material at 35:1. Add 7‰ of brown sugar based on the weight of the chestnut residue debris. Add wood vinegar diluted at 750:1 (water: wood vinegar stock solution). The amount of wood vinegar added is 50mg per kilogram of chestnut residue debris. mL, and use quicklime solution to adjust the pH value of the material to 7.5; use clean water to adjust the moisture content of the material to 55%, mix well, and then carry out composting fermentation. The material is piled into windrows 1.5m wide and 0.5m high, covered with film, and then fermented. After the fermentation begins, the pile is turned over once a week and water is added once a week to maintain a moisture content of 55% and a temperature of 50℃. After two weeks, the turning is stopped, and fermentation continues for 20 days to obtain degraded organic matter.

[0027] Example 2 Preparation of chestnut organic matter from forest stand residues (1) Material pretreatment: crush the fruit buds, dead branches and pruning residue of the chestnut stand into shavings with a length of 1-2 cm; (2) Composting fermentation: Add a compound fermentation agent containing EM bacteria, RW composting agent and organic fertilizer fermentation agent to the debris obtained in step (1). The amount of EM bacteria added is 5‰, the amount of RW composting agent added is 7‰ and the amount of organic fertilizer fermentation agent added is 4‰ based on the weight of the chestnut residue debris. Add urea solution to control the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material at 40:1. Add 7‰ of brown sugar based on the weight of the chestnut residue debris. Add wood vinegar diluted at a ratio of 600:1 (water: wood vinegar stock solution). The amount of wood vinegar added is 50 ml per kilogram of chestnut residue debris. mL, and use quicklime solution to adjust the pH value of the material to 7.0; use clean water to adjust the humidity of the material to 60%, and then carry out composting fermentation. The material is piled into windrows 2m wide and 0.7m high, covered with film and fermented; after the fermentation begins, the pile is turned over once a week and water is added once a week to maintain humidity at 60% and temperature at 60℃; after two weeks, the turning is stopped and fermentation continues for 20 days to obtain degraded organic matter.

[0028] Example 3 Preparation of chestnut organic matter from forest stand residues (1) Material pretreatment: crush the fruit buds, dead branches and pruning residue of the chestnut stand into shavings with a length of 1-2 cm; (2) Composting fermentation: Add a compound fermentation agent containing EM bacteria, RW composting agent and organic fertilizer fermentation agent to the debris obtained in step (1). The amount of EM bacteria added is 6‰, the amount of RW composting agent added is 6‰ and the amount of organic fertilizer fermentation agent added is 4‰ based on the weight of the chestnut residue debris. Add urea solution to control the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material at 40:1. Add 9‰ of brown sugar based on the weight of the chestnut residue debris. Add wood vinegar diluted at 750:1 (water: wood vinegar stock solution). The amount of wood vinegar added is 50mg per kilogram of chestnut residue debris. mL, and use quicklime solution to adjust the pH value of the material to 6.5; use clean water to adjust the moisture content of the material to 50%, and then carry out composting fermentation. The material is piled into windrows 1.8m wide and 0.6m high, covered with film and fermented; after the fermentation begins, the pile is turned over once a week and water is added once a week to maintain a humidity of 57% and a temperature of 55℃; after two weeks, the turning is stopped and fermentation continues for 20 days to obtain degraded organic matter.

[0029] Example 4 Preparation of chestnut organic matter from forest stand residues (1) Material pretreatment: crush the fruit buds, dead branches and pruning residue of the chestnut stand into shavings with a length of 1-2 cm; (2) Composting fermentation: Add a compound fermentation agent containing EM bacteria, RW composting agent and organic fertilizer fermentation agent to the debris obtained in step (1). The amount of EM bacteria added is 6‰, the amount of RW composting agent added is 7‰ and the amount of organic fertilizer fermentation agent added is 3‰ based on the weight of the chestnut residue debris. Add urea solution to control the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material at 40:1. Add brown sugar at 8‰ of the weight of the chestnut residue debris. Add wood vinegar diluted at 450:1 (water: wood vinegar stock solution). The amount of wood vinegar added is 50 ml per kilogram of chestnut residue debris. mL, and use quicklime solution to adjust the pH value of the material to 6.5; use clean water to adjust the humidity of the material to 60%, and then carry out composting fermentation. The material is piled into windrows 1.5m wide and 0.7m high, covered with film and fermented; after the fermentation begins, the pile is turned over once a week and water is added once a week to maintain the humidity at 60% and the temperature at 50℃; after two weeks, the turning is stopped and fermentation continues for 20 days to obtain degraded organic matter.

[0030] Example 5 Preparation of chestnut organic matter from forest stand residues (1) Material pretreatment: crush the fruit buds, dead branches and pruning residue of the chestnut stand into shavings with a length of 1-2 cm; (2) Composting fermentation: Add a compound fermentation agent containing EM bacteria, RW composting agent and organic fertilizer fermentation agent to the debris obtained in step (1). The amount of EM bacteria added is 7‰, the amount of RW composting agent added is 7‰ and the amount of organic fertilizer fermentation agent added is 5‰ based on the weight of the chestnut residue debris. Add urea solution to control the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material at 35:1. Add brown sugar at 8‰ of the weight of the chestnut residue debris. Add wood vinegar diluted at a ratio of 600:1 (water: wood vinegar stock solution). The amount of wood vinegar added is 50 ml per kilogram of chestnut residue debris. mL, and use quicklime solution to adjust the pH value of the material to 6.5; use clean water to adjust the moisture content of the material to 50%, and then carry out composting fermentation. The material is piled into windrows 2m wide and 0.5m high, covered with film and fermented; after the fermentation begins, the pile is turned over once a week and water is added once a week to maintain a moisture content of 60% and a temperature of 60℃; after two weeks, the turning is stopped and fermentation continues for 20 days to obtain degraded organic matter.

[0031] Example 6 Preparation of chestnut organic matter from forest stand residues (1) Material pretreatment: crush the fruit buds, dead branches and pruning residue of the chestnut stand into shavings with a length of 1-2 cm; (2) Composting fermentation: Add a compound fermentation agent containing EM bacteria, RW composting agent and organic fertilizer fermentation agent to the debris obtained in step (1). The amount of EM bacteria added is 7‰, the amount of RW composting agent added is 7‰ and the amount of organic fertilizer fermentation agent added is 5‰ based on the weight of the chestnut residue debris. Add urea solution to control the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material at 30:1. Add 7‰ of the weight of chestnut residue debris of brown sugar. Add wood vinegar diluted at 450:1 (water: wood vinegar stock solution). Vinegar solution was added at a rate of 50 mL per kilogram of chestnut residue. The pH of the material was adjusted to 7.0 using slaked lime solution. The moisture content of the material was adjusted to 55% using water. Then, composting was carried out by piling the material into windrows 1.8 m wide and 0.6 m high, covering them with a film, and then fermenting. After fermentation began, the pile was turned over and watered once a week to maintain a moisture content of 58% and a temperature of 58°C. After two weeks, turning was stopped, and fermentation continued for 20 days to obtain degraded organic matter.

[0032] Example 7 Preparation of chestnut organic matter from forest stand residues (1) Material pretreatment: crush the fruit buds, dead branches and pruning residue of the chestnut stand into shavings with a length of 1-2 cm; (2) Composting fermentation: Add a compound fermentation agent containing EM bacteria, RW composting agent and organic fertilizer fermentation agent to the debris obtained in step (1). The amount of EM bacteria added is 7‰, the amount of RW composting agent added is 7‰ and the amount of organic fertilizer fermentation agent added is 5‰ based on the weight of the chestnut residue debris. Add urea solution to control the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material at 40:1. Add 9‰ of brown sugar based on the weight of the chestnut residue debris. Add wood vinegar diluted at 750:1 (water: wood vinegar stock solution). The amount of wood vinegar added is 50mg per kilogram of chestnut residue debris. mL, and use quicklime solution to adjust the pH value of the material to 7.5; use clean water to adjust the moisture content of the material to 60%, and then carry out composting fermentation. The material is piled into windrows 2m wide and 0.5m high, covered with film and fermented; after the fermentation begins, the pile is turned over once a week and water is added once a week to maintain a moisture content of 55% and a temperature of 50℃; after two weeks, the turning is stopped and fermentation continues for 20 days to obtain degraded organic matter.

[0033] In Examples 1-7, the fermentation seed germination index (GI) was measured at 0, 3, 6, 10, 15, 20, and 30 days after fermentation and degradation of chestnut residue debris.

[0034] Table 1. Changes in GI values ​​of different embodiments as fermentation time progresses.

[0035] Results Analysis: Germination Index (GI) is a sensitive indicator for assessing the maturity characteristics of organic matter. A germination index exceeding 80% indicates complete decomposition; a germination index exceeding 100% indicates a promoting effect on plant production. In Examples 1-7, compared to day 0, the GI of all fermentation examples showed a significant increase. In Examples 1, 4, 6, and 7, the GI was greater than 100% on day 20; in Examples 2, 3, and 5, the GI was greater than 100% on day 30 (Table 1). From the above, it can be concluded that the organicification of chestnut residue takes approximately 20-30 days.

[0036] Furthermore, in order to determine the quality of organic matter in different groups, the content of humic acid, humic acid content, and total humic acid content were measured. Under normal circumstances, the total humic acid content can account for 30%-50% of the organic matter. The characteristic of high-quality organic fertilizer is that the ratio of humic acid content to fulvic acid content (HA / FA) ​​is greater than 1, and the higher the total humic acid content and the HA / FA ratio, the better the quality of organic matter. The measurement results are shown in Table 2.

[0037] Table 2. Changes in various humic indicators in different embodiments.

[0038] Results Analysis: In Examples 1-7, the HA / FA ratio of all examples was greater than 1, with Examples 1, 3, 4, and 6 having the highest HA / FA ratios, all greater than 1.90. The humic content of Examples 1, 3, 5, 6, and 7 was greater than 30%, with Example 6 having a humic content greater than 50%, indicating that Example 6 had the best humic content.

[0039] Furthermore, in order to verify the changes in fiber degradation rate in each embodiment of this application, the indicators shown in Table 3 were measured.

[0040] Table 3. Changes in the degradation rate of each fiber in different embodiments.

[0041] Results Analysis: Among Examples 1-7, Examples 2, 5, and 6 showed the highest hemicellulose degradation rate, cellulose degradation rate, and total degradation rate. Only Examples 6 and 7 had a lignin degradation rate greater than 0. Therefore, Example 6 demonstrated the best fiber degradation effect.

[0042] Furthermore, in order to verify the changes in total P and total K content in each embodiment of this application, the indicators shown in Table 4 were measured.

[0043] Table 4. Changes in total P and total K content in different embodiments.

[0044] Results analysis: Among fermentation examples 1 to 7, examples 4 and 6 had the highest total P and total K content.

[0045] In summary, among Examples 1-7, the organic matter produced in Example 6 exhibits the best performance. This indicates that adding 7‰ of the weight of chestnut residue debris to the following methods—including EM inoculant, 7‰ of RW composting agent, and 5‰ of organic fertilizer fermentation agent; adding 7‰ of the weight of brown sugar; adding urea to control the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio at 30:1; adding slaked lime solution to adjust the pH to 7.0; adding 50 mL of 450:1 wood vinegar solution (water: wood vinegar stock solution) per kilogram of chestnut residue debris; adding water to control the moisture content of the chestnut residue debris to 55%; mixing the pile thoroughly; and controlling the pile conditions according to the patented technology for fermentation—results in the best quality organic matter degradation of chestnut residue. Subsequent functionalization was then performed based on the organic matter prepared in Example 6 to verify the functionalization effect.

[0046] Example 8 Methods for Functionalizing Organic Matter in Chestnut Residue Organic matter functionalization case 1 (control group) Example 6: The degraded organic matter obtained by fermentation of chestnut forest residues is not subjected to functionalization treatment.

[0047] Organic matter functionalization case 2 (ordinary compost + addition of three kinds of bacterial solutions) Example 6: The degraded organic matter obtained by fermentation of chestnut forest residues was supplemented with [a specific ingredient]. Mortar and pestle alpine , Saitozyma podzolica and Cadophora orientoamericana The bacterial solution was prepared by mixing live bacteria in a 1:1:1 ratio (final concentration adjusted to 1.0 × 10⁻⁶). 7 The bacterial solution was added at a rate of 3% of the volume of degraded organic matter (CFU / mL), and fermentation continued for 10-15 days after covering with a film. The conditions for continued fermentation were as follows: humidity 65%, temperature 25℃, pH 6.5, to obtain chestnut-specific organic fertilizer.

[0048] Case Study 3: Functionalization of Organic Matter (Ordinary Compost + Topsoil Covered with Three Types of Microorganisms) Example 6: A method for fermenting residues from chestnut forests was used to spread a layer of degraded organic matter rich in nutrients onto the surface of the mixture. Tomentella , Scleroderma and Lactarius The amount of soil (topsoil of high-yield chestnut forest stands) containing the microbial strain is 2% of the volume of degraded organic matter. After covering with a film, fermentation continues for 10 days. The conditions for continued fermentation are as follows: humidity 65%, temperature 25℃, pH 6.5, to produce chestnut-specific organic fertilizer.

[0049] Organic matter functionalization case 4 (ordinary compost + addition of three kinds of bacterial solutions + covering with three kinds of bacterial topsoil) Example 6: The degraded organic matter obtained by fermentation of chestnut forest residues was supplemented with [a specific ingredient]. Mortar and pestle alpine , Saitozyma podzolica and Cadophora orientoamericana The bacterial solution was prepared by mixing live bacteria in a 1:1:1 ratio (final concentration adjusted to 1.0 × 10⁻⁶). 7 The bacterial solution was added at a rate of 3% of the volume of degraded organic matter, and then sprinkled with a solution rich in CFU / mL. Tomentella , Scleroderma and Lactarius The fungal strain was introduced into the topsoil of a high-yield chestnut forest (the topsoil of the high-yield chestnut forest was tested and found to contain...). Tomentella , Scleroderma and Lactarius The components, and their proportion is greater than 2.5% (Table 5)), are added at a rate of 3% of the volume of degraded organic matter, and fermented for another 10 days after covering with a film; the conditions for continued fermentation are as follows: humidity 65%, temperature 25℃, pH 6.5, to obtain chestnut-specific organic fertilizer.

[0050] Table 5. Major fungal (genus) components in the soil of high-yielding chestnut forest stands

[0051] Case Study 5: Functionalization of Organic Matter (Ordinary compost + addition of three types of bacterial solutions + covering with three types of bacterial topsoil) Example 6: Explanation of the method for preparing organic matter by fermentation of chestnut forest residues, with the addition of […]. Mortar and pestle alpine , Saitozyma podzolica and Cadophora orientoamericana The bacterial solution was prepared by mixing live bacteria in a 1:1:1 ratio (final concentration adjusted to 1.0 × 10⁻⁶). 6 The bacterial solution was added at a rate of 5% of the volume of organic matter degraded, and then sprinkled with a solution rich in CFU / mL. Tomentella , Scleroderma and Lactarius The amount of soil (topsoil of high-yield chestnut forest stands) containing the microbial strain was added at 4% of the volume of degraded organic matter. After covering with a film, fermentation continued for 15 days. The conditions for continued fermentation were as follows: humidity 75%, temperature 30℃, pH 7.0, to produce chestnut-specific organic fertilizer.

[0052] Organic matter functionalization case 6 (ordinary compost + addition of three kinds of bacterial solutions + covering with three kinds of bacterial topsoil) Example 6: The degraded organic matter obtained by fermentation of chestnut forest residues was supplemented with [a specific ingredient]. Mortar and pestle alpine , Saitozyma podzolica and Cadophora orientoamericana The bacterial solution was prepared by mixing live bacteria in a 1:1:1 ratio (final concentration adjusted to 5.0 × 10⁻⁶). 6 The bacterial solution was added at a rate of 4% of the volume of organic matter degraded, and then covered with a solution rich in CFU / mL. Tomentella , Scleroderma and Lactarius The amount of soil (topsoil of high-yield chestnut forest stands) containing the microbial strain was added at 5% of the volume of degraded organic matter. After covering with a film, fermentation continued for 13 days. The conditions for continued fermentation were as follows: humidity 70%, temperature 28℃, pH 6.8, to produce chestnut-specific organic fertilizer.

[0053] The above-prepared chestnut residue organic fertilizer was further validated in chestnut seedlings. Twenty-five seedlings were planted for each organic matter functionalization experiment, for a total of 100 seedlings planted in the field, randomly distributed in the seedbed. One-year-old, normally growing, disease-free chestnut seedlings were selected, from the same batch, and managed using the same seedling management methods. The average diameter at ground level of the tested seedlings was 5.3 mm, and the average height was 94 cm. Pot cultivation was used. Each experimental seedling was fertilized with 12 grams of chestnut residue organic fertilizer as base fertilizer and planted in December. The following year, field management for water, weeds, and pests and diseases remained the same, but no further topdressing was applied. At the end of November of the following year, when the chestnut shoots ceased growth, growth indicators and soil effective components of all seedlings were measured. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0054] Table 6. Differences in growth of chestnut seedlings and effective soil components in different organic matter functionalization examples.

[0055] Results analysis showed that the shoot length, shoot diameter, seedling height, and ground diameter of chestnut trees in Cases 2, 3, and 4 were all higher than those in Case 1, indicating that functionalizing the organic matter residue of chestnut trees is beneficial to their growth. In Case 4, the shoot length, shoot diameter, seedling height, and ground diameter were significantly higher than those in Cases 2 and 3, indicating that adding only three types of bacterial solutions (…) Alpine Mortierella , Cytozyme podzolic and Cadophora orientoamericana ) or simply cover with soil containing three types of bacteria ( Tomentella , Scleroderma and Lactarius None of them have the same impact on the growth of chestnut seedlings as the complete scheme of this application (ordinary compost + addition of three kinds of bacterial liquid + covering with three kinds of bacterial topsoil).

[0056] The soil ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in Case 2 were higher than those in Case 1, indicating that the addition of substances containing... Tomentella , Scleroderma and Lactarius The fungal inoculum can further decompose organic matter and release nutrients. The soil ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium levels in Cases 3 and 4 were all lower than in Cases 1 and 2, with Case 3 showing the lowest values, indicating that the mulch contained... Tomentella , Scleroderma and Lactarius The addition of fungi to the soil is beneficial for chestnut seedlings to absorb nutrients; it also explains the addition of three types of fungal solutions ( Alpine Mortierella , Saitozyma podzolica and Cadophora East American ) and covering with three types of fungal soil ( Tomentella , Scleroderma and Lactarius It not only retains nutrients in the soil reservoir, but also promotes the absorption of nutrients by the chestnut plant, which helps the chestnut plant maintain its growth.

[0057] In conclusion, the organic matter obtained by fermenting the residue of chestnut forest stands, when combined with ordinary compost, the addition of three types of bacterial solutions, and the covering with soil containing three types of bacteria, can be made into a chestnut-specific organic fertilizer, which is most beneficial to the growth of chestnut trees.

[0058] Example 9 Methods of applying organic fertilizer from chestnut residue Fertilization Case 1 No organic fertilizer should be applied to the soil within 20-40cm of the chestnut forest.

[0059] Fertilization Case 2 Organic matter was prepared by applying only the residue of the chestnut forest stand to the soil at a depth of 20-40 cm (as in Example 6), with an application rate of 20 kg / plant.

[0060] Fertilization Case 3 A specific organic fertilizer was prepared by applying only the residue of the chestnut forest stand to the soil at a depth of 20-40 cm (Example 8, Organic fertilizer prepared in Case 4), with an application rate of 20 kg / plant.

[0061] Fertilization Case 4 A specific organic fertilizer was prepared by applying only the residue of the chestnut forest stand to the soil at a depth of 20-40 cm (the organic fertilizer prepared in Example 8 and Case 5), with an application rate of 20 kg / plant.

[0062] Fertilization Case 5 A specific organic fertilizer was prepared by applying only the residue of the chestnut forest stand to the soil at a depth of 20-40 cm (the organic fertilizer prepared in Example 8 and Case 6), with an application rate of 20 kg / plant.

[0063] Table 7. Differences in chestnut seed yield under different fertilization examples.

[0064] According to the technical regulations for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of *Castanopsis fargesii*, stands with a seed yield >3750 kg / ha are classified as high-yield stands. Among fertilization implementation cases 1-3, only case 3 achieved high yield; applying organic matter degraded by probiotic fungi increased yield by 130% compared to no organic fertilizer application, and by 36% compared to organic matter degraded by the remaining residue. This indicates that applying organic matter degraded by probiotic fungi in the 20-40cm soil layer of *Castanopsis fargesii* stands can achieve high yields, meaning that the exclusive organic fertilizer prepared from *Castanopsis fargesii* stand residues in this invention can achieve high yields of *Castanopsis fargesii*.

[0065] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0066] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for preparing chestnut organic fertilizer using forest stand residues, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Material pretreatment: crush the fruit buds, dead branches and pruning residue of the chestnut stand into shavings with a length of 1-2 cm; (2) Composting fermentation: Add compound fermentation agent, urea solution, brown sugar and wood vinegar to the debris obtained in step (1), and adjust the pH value and humidity, and then carry out composting fermentation to obtain degraded organic matter; the compound fermentation agent includes EM agent, RW composting agent and organic fertilizer fermentation agent; (3) Functionalization treatment: Adding functionalized organic matter to the degraded organic matter obtained in step (2) Mortierella alpina , Saitozyma podzolica and Cadophora orientoamericana A compound probiotic liquid containing various strains, and coated with a solution rich in... Tomentella , Scleroderma and Lactarius The soil from high-yield chestnut stands containing fungal strains is then covered with a film and fermented further to produce a special organic fertilizer for chestnuts.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), based on the weight of the chestnut residue, the amount of EM agent added is 5‰~7‰, the amount of RW composting agent added is 6‰~7‰, and the amount of organic fertilizer fermentation agent added is 3‰~5‰.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material is controlled at 30:1 to 40:1 by adding urea solution; the amount of brown sugar added is 7‰ to 9‰ of the weight of the chestnut residue.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the wood vinegar is added in the form of a diluted solution of water and wood vinegar stock solution of 450:1 to 750:1, and the amount added is 45 to 55 mL per kilogram of chestnut residue.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the pH value of the material is adjusted to 6.5~7.5 using quicklime solution; and the moisture content of the material is adjusted to 55%~60% using clean water.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the conditions for composting fermentation are as follows: the material is piled into a windrow with a width of 1.5~2m and a height of 0.5~0.7m, covered with a film and then fermented; after fermentation begins, the pile is turned over once a week and water is added once a week to maintain a humidity of 55%~60% and a temperature of 50℃~60℃; after two weeks, the turning is stopped and fermentation continues for 15~20 days.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step (3) includes Mortierella alpina , Saitozyma podzolica and Cadophora orientoamericana The bacterial suspension was prepared by mixing live bacteria in a 1:1:1 ratio, and the final concentration was adjusted to 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 6 –1.0×10 7 CFU / mL, the amount of bacterial solution added accounts for 3%~5% of the volume of degraded organic matter; the rich in Tomentella , Scleroderma and Lactarius The amount of the fungal strain added to the topsoil of high-yielding chestnut stands accounts for 2% to 4% of the volume of degraded organic matter.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermentation time in step (3) is 10-15 days; the conditions for continued fermentation are as follows: humidity 65%-75%, temperature 25℃-30℃, pH 6.5-7.

0.

9. A chestnut-specific organic fertilizer prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A method for applying the chestnut-specific organic fertilizer as described in claim 9, characterized in that, In mid-to-late December of that year, apply the organic fertilizer to the soil 20-40 cm deep outside the drip line of the chestnut tree, at a rate of 15-20 kg / tree.

Images