A displacement simulation method for opening and closing of reservoir space and seepage channel

Abstract

The application discloses a displacement simulation method for opening and closing of a storage space and a seepage channel, and the displacement simulation method comprises the following steps: establishing a volcanic rock fracture and cave type oil reservoir physical model parameter by using a similarity theory; determining crude oil viscosity μ o and injection speed q o according to dynamic and motion similarity criteria parameters; obtaining crude oil volume V 总 ; recording injection end pressure P j and production end pressure P e according to the injection speed; calculating a crude oil recovery rate γ 衰竭 of a depletion development; calculating a crude oil recovery rate γ 注水 of a water injection development; and calculating a crude oil recovery rate γ 注气 of a gas injection development. Key parameters of the physical model can be determined according to the characteristics of a field fracture and cave type oil reservoir, and the physical model is better applied to physical simulation to reduce errors between the physical simulation and a mine field test.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field development engineering, and in particular to a displacement simulation method for the opening and closing of reservoir space and seepage channels. Background Technology

[0002] In oil extraction, reservoirs are the carriers of oil and gas, forming the core of oil and gas reservoirs. They are crucial to understanding the flow patterns of crude oil within the reservoir space and seepage channels during different extraction processes. Fractures serve as both crude oil storage spaces and important channels for fluid flow. Part of the reservoir space supplies production capacity to the well through fractures. The extent of the swept-through of the injected medium in the fractures directly determines the recovery rate of the karst cave reservoir connected by the fracture. Therefore, the opening and closing of fractures is particularly important for fluid flow patterns and swept-through effects. In recent years, the discovery of a series of large and medium-sized marine oil and gas fields has demonstrated the development of various genetic types of reservoirs in ultra-deep carbonate rocks, including unconformity karst fracture-cavity type, reef-shoal type, dolomite porous type, microbial rock porous type, fault zone fracture-cavity type, and fault-dissolved porous type. During the development of these different reservoirs, seepage channels and reservoir spaces may collapse due to energy depletion after crude oil extraction during depletion extraction, leading to the closure of fracture channels. However, during subsequent water or gas injection, the entry of water and gas replenishes the energy in the fractures, causing them to reopen. Therefore, the impact of the opening and closing of storage space and seepage channels during the development process cannot be ignored.

[0003] Current domestic research on physical simulation of different reservoirs has developed physical displacement simulation methods such as full-diameter core samples, sand-filled pipe simulation of fracture formation, core fracture formation, sand filling, and etched plates. Patent CN 109372476 A discloses specific steps for creating a fractured-vuggy reservoir injection physical model; however, this model does not represent the specific pore, fracture, and cavity shapes, sizes, and connectivity relationships of the fractured-vuggy reservoir, and the established physical model cannot reflect the characteristics of a real model. Patent CN117076956 A discloses a similarity criterion optimization method and device for fractured-vuggy reservoir physical models; however, the similarity criterion optimization fails to fully consider size, motion, and dynamic similarity criteria, resulting in significant errors in field and laboratory tests. Patent CN 115596433 A discloses a heterogeneous reservoir seepage simulation system; the two-dimensional visualization model can be used to simulate the planar flow state of fluids, but the impact of changes in the internal reservoir space and seepage channels of the two-dimensional model on the oil displacement law cannot be quantitatively characterized during water drive, gas drive, and steam injection development. Using etched flat plate models to simulate the mining process of different actual reservoirs is more convenient and intuitive.

[0004] ① Current two-dimensional etching models fail to consider the influence of reservoir space and seepage channels within the reservoir on displacement patterns under different mining technologies; ② Existing etched plate visualization models cannot realize the full-process development of a mine, such as depletion mining, water injection and gas injection, and other different mining methods. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a displacement simulation method for the opening and closing of storage space and seepage channels to overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a displacement simulation method for the opening and closing of storage space and seepage channels is provided, the displacement simulation method comprising:

[0007] The physical model parameters of volcanic rock fracture-vuggy reservoirs were established using similarity theory;

[0008] Crude oil viscosity μ was determined based on dynamic and kinematic similarity criterion parameters. o and injection speed q o ;

[0009] Obtain the crude oil volume V 总 ;

[0010] Record the injection end pressure P based on the injection rate. j and the pressure P at the extraction end e ;

[0011] Calculate the oil recovery rate γ in depleted development 衰竭 ;

[0012] Calculate the oil recovery rate γ in water injection development 注水 ;

[0013] Calculate the oil recovery rate γ in gas injection development 注气 .

[0014] Optionally, the specific methods for establishing the physical model parameters of volcanic fracture-vuggy reservoirs using similarity theory include:

[0015] The similarity criterion group is determined by dimensional analysis and equation analysis.

[0016] The complete set of similarity criteria is established as follows:

[0017]

[0018] π 16 =ΔS、 π 19 =n v ΔL 3 ;π 20 =n f ΔL、 π22 =φ P π 23 =R p ,

[0019]

[0020] Where P is pressure; L is length; t is time; u o For oil flow rate; u w ρ is the water flow velocity. o ρ is the density of the oil. w The density of water is μ. o Oil viscosity; μ w q is the viscosity of water; g is the acceleration due to gravity; o q represents the oil phase mass flow rate; w p is the aqueous phase mass flow rate; K is the permeability; c For capillary force; n f n represents the crack density. v denoted as ρa, ρb as ρf, ρd as pore diameter, and ρi as injection volume in the injection well.

[0021] Optionally, the establishment of physical model parameters for volcanic fracture-vuggy reservoirs using similarity theory also includes:

[0022] Parameters were selected for study, and the similarity coefficient was equal to the mine parameter value divided by the model parameter value;

[0023] By combining the similarity coefficients of each physical quantity according to the similarity criterion, the similarity criterion is finally obtained.

[0024] If the similarity criterion is 1, then the model parameters are considered similar to the mine parameters according to the similarity criterion.

[0025] Optionally, the step of determining the crude oil viscosity μ based on dynamic and kinematic similarity quasi-measurement parameters... o and injection speed q o Specifically, it includes:

[0026] Based on the similarity of the dimensional parameters, the volume V of the cave and the width L of the fissure were determined, and an acrylic model was used to create a volcanic rock fissure cave model.

[0027] Crude oil viscosity μ was determined based on dynamic and kinematic similarity criterion parameters. o and injection speed q o .

[0028] Optionally, the step of determining the crude oil viscosity μ based on dynamic and kinematic similarity quasi-measurement parameters... o and injection speed q o Specifically, it includes:

[0029] Based on the similarity of kinetics, the ratio of displacement pressure to gravity is selected.

[0030] Based on the requirement of similarity in motion, the ratio of inertial force to viscous force is selected.

[0031] Based on the similarity of the fracture aperture, the ratio of permeability to fracture width is selected.

[0032] Optionally, the step of obtaining crude oil volume V 总 Specifically, it includes:

[0033] The volcanic rock fissure model is loaded into the clamp;

[0034] Pressure sensors are located at the inlet and outlet of the gripper to monitor the injection end pressure P. j and the pressure P at the extraction end e ;

[0035] The clamp inlet is connected to the gas intermediate container, crude oil intermediate container, formation water intermediate container and ISCO injection pump;

[0036] The pressure exhaust controller and oil-gas separation system are connected at the outlet of the clamp;

[0037] The crude oil was saturated by vacuuming, and the crude oil volume V was recorded. 总 .

[0038] Optionally, the injection end pressure P is recorded according to the injection rate. j and the pressure P at the extraction end e Specifically, it includes:

[0039] Based on the injection rate calculated in step S2, the ISCO injection pump parameters are adjusted to develop a volcanic rock fissure cavity model, and the injection end pressure P is recorded. j and the pressure P at the extraction end e .

[0040] Optionally, the calculation of the oil recovery rate γ in depleted development... 衰竭 Specifically, it includes:

[0041] Simulated recovery was conducted by connecting an intermediate crude oil container and increasing the pressure inside the volcanic rock fracture cavern model to 20 MPa. A pressure depletion controller was then used to depressurize the recovery. The test was completed when the recovery rate fell below 1% of the original OOIP (Out-of-Intake Perimeter). The volume of crude oil recovered during depletion recovery, V, was recorded. 衰竭 Calculate the oil recovery rate γ in depleted development. 衰竭 .

[0042] Optionally, the calculation of the oil recovery rate γ in water injection development... 注水 Specifically, it includes:

[0043] Simulated water injection production was conducted by connecting an intermediate formation water container and adjusting the ISCO injection pump to a constant-speed mode. The test was completed when the recovery rate fell below 1% of the original reserves (OOIP), and the volume of crude oil extracted via water injection, V, was recorded. 注水 Calculate the oil recovery rate γ in water injection development. 注水 .

[0044] Optionally, the calculation of the oil recovery rate γ in gas injection development... 注气 Specifically, it includes:

[0045] Simulate gas injection extraction, connect the intermediate gas container, and adjust the ISCO injection pump to constant speed mode;

[0046] When the recovery rate is less than 1% of the original reserves (OOIP), the test is completed and the volume of crude oil extracted through gas injection, V, is recorded. 注气 Calculate the oil recovery rate γ in gas injection development 注气 .

[0047] This invention provides a displacement simulation method for the opening and closing of reservoir space and seepage channels. The displacement simulation method includes: establishing physical model parameters for volcanic fracture-vuggy reservoirs using similarity theory; and determining the crude oil viscosity μ based on dynamic and kinematic similarity quasi-measurement parameters. o and injection speed q o Obtain the crude oil volume V 总 Record the injection end pressure P based on the injection rate. j and the pressure P at the extraction end e ; Calculate the oil recovery rate γ in depleted development 衰竭 ; Calculate the oil recovery rate γ in water injection development 注水 ; Calculate the oil recovery rate γ in gas injection development 注气 It can determine the key parameters of the physical model based on the characteristics of fractured-vuggy reservoirs in the field, and can be better applied to physical simulation to reduce the error between the simulation and field test.

[0048] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0049] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0050] Figure 1A flowchart of a displacement simulation method for the opening and closing of storage space and seepage channels provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 A comparison chart of indoor experimental recovery rate and field experimental recovery rate provided for embodiments of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 A comparison chart of indoor experimental displacement pressure differential and field experimental displacement pressure differential provided for embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0053] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0054] The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, embodiments, claims, and drawings of this invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such as including a series of steps or units.

[0055] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a displacement simulation method for the opening and closing of reservoir space and seepage channels, applied to displacement simulation of fractured-vuggy reservoirs; the design of a two-dimensional visualization model similarity criterion specifically includes:

[0058] Step 1: Establish the physical model parameters of volcanic rock fracture-vuggy reservoirs using similarity theory.

[0059] Specifically, in step one, the similarity criterion group is determined by dimensional analysis and equation analysis.

[0060] The complete set of similarity criteria is established as follows:

[0061]

[0062] π 11 =φ、 π 16 =ΔS、 π 19 =n v ΔL 3 ;π 20 =n f ΔL、 π 22 =φ P π 23 =R p ,

[0063] In the formula, P is pressure; L is length; t is time; u o For oil flow rate; u w ρ is the water flow velocity. o ρ is the density of the oil. w The density of water is μ. o Oil viscosity; μ w q is the viscosity of water; g is the acceleration due to gravity; o q represents the oil phase mass flow rate; w p is the aqueous phase mass flow rate; K is the permeability; c For capillary force; n f n represents the crack density. v denoted as ρa, ρb as ρf, ρd as pore diameter, and ρi as injection volume in the injection well.

[0064] Since the main reservoir spaces of volcanic fracture-vuggy reservoirs are dissolution cavities and fractures, and their distribution is random and highly heterogeneous, the length, width, and height parameters used for conventional sandstone reservoirs are not very applicable to fracture-vuggy reservoirs. Therefore, they are not considered here, and only the length L is used as the baseline dimension and the design parameter for the size of dissolution cavities.

[0065] The main parameters are selected for study. The similarity coefficient is obtained by dividing the mine parameter value by the model parameter value. The similarity coefficients of each physical quantity are combined according to the similarity criterion to finally obtain the similarity criterion. If the similarity criterion is 1, the model parameters and the mine parameters are considered similar with respect to the similarity criterion.

[0066] Analysis of geological data shows that the size of cracks and karst caves can vary by several orders of magnitude, making it difficult to achieve the required proportions of shape and size, and thus the requirements should be relaxed.

[0067] Step Two: Determine the cavity volume V and fissure width L based on the dimensional similarity quasi-measurement parameters, and construct a volcanic rock fissure cavity model using an acrylic model. Determine the crude oil viscosity μ based on the dynamic and kinematic similarity quasi-measurement parameters. o and injection speed q o .

[0068] Based on the similarity of kinetics, the ratio of displacement pressure to gravity is selected.

[0069] Based on the requirement of similarity in motion, the ratio of inertial force to viscous force is selected.

[0070] Based on the similarity of the fracture aperture, the ratio of permeability to fracture width is selected.

[0071] Step 3: Load the volcanic rock fissure model into the holder; pressure sensors are located at the inlet and outlet of the holder to monitor the injection pressure P. j and the pressure P at the extraction end e The clamp inlet is connected to the gas intermediate container, crude oil intermediate container, formation water intermediate container, and ISCO injection pump; the clamp outlet is connected to the pressure depletion controller and oil-gas separation system. Crude oil is saturated using a vacuum method, and the crude oil volume V is recorded. 总 ;

[0072] Step 4: Based on the injection rate calculated in Step 2, adjust the ISCO injection pump parameters, develop the volcanic rock fissure cavity model, and record the injection end pressure P. j and the pressure P at the extraction end e ;

[0073] Step 5: Simulate depletion recovery. Connect the intermediate crude oil container and increase the pressure inside the volcanic rock fracture cavern model to 20 MPa (injection pressure is consistent with production pressure). Control the pressure depletion controller to perform depressurization recovery. When the recovery rate is lower than 1% of the original out-of-inventory (OOIP), the test is complete, and the volume of crude oil recovered through depletion recovery, V, is recorded. 衰竭 Calculate the oil recovery rate γ in depleted development. 衰竭 ;

[0074] Step Six: Simulate water injection production. Connect the intermediate formation water container and adjust the ISCO injection pump to constant speed mode. The test is complete when the recovery rate is less than 1% of the original out-of-inventory (OOIP). Record the volume of crude oil extracted by water injection, V. 注水 Calculate the oil recovery rate γ in water injection development. 注水 ;

[0075] Step 7: Simulate gas injection production. Connect the intermediate gas container and adjust the ISCO injection pump to constant speed mode. When the recovery rate is lower than 1% of the original reserves (OOIP), the test is complete, and the volume of crude oil produced by gas injection, V, is recorded. 注气 Calculate the oil recovery rate γ in gas injection development. 注气 .

[0076]

[0077] In the formula, γ 衰竭 For depleted oil recovery, the percentage of oil recovery is %. 总 V represents the volume of saturated crude oil in the model, in mL; 衰竭 The volume of crude oil extracted due to depletion, in mL; γ 注水 For water injection development, the crude oil recovery rate is %, %; V 注水 The volume of crude oil extracted through water injection is in mL; γ 注气For gas injection development, the oil recovery rate is %, V. 注气 The volume of crude oil extracted through gas injection is in mL.

[0078] In step five, the pressure decay rate during the depletion mining process is 100 kPa·min. -1 .

[0079] This invention uses equation analysis and dimensional analysis to establish a complete similarity criterion group, reducing the error between physical simulation of fractured-vuggy reservoirs and field tests.

[0080] This invention considers the influence of the reservoir space and seepage channels within the reservoir on the displacement law under different mining technologies.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] As shown in Table 1, the physical model parameters of volcanic rock fracture-vuggy reservoirs were established using similarity theory. Based on dynamic and kinematic similarity, the aforementioned similarity criteria were screened, organized, and analyzed. First, based on dynamic similarity, [the following criteria were selected]. Based on the requirement of similarity in motion, select Based on the similarity of crack aperture, select Ultimately, three similarity criteria were obtained that can reflect the main characteristics of the elastic development of slotted units.

[0083] Table 1. Main similarity criteria for physical simulations

[0084]

[0085] Since the parameters of gravity and crude oil density are basically fixed, the ratio between the actual reservoir and the laboratory experiment is first selected as: r(g) = r(ρ) o ) = 1.

[0086] Depend on Therefore, r(K) = r 2 (b) = 1, meaning the permeability of the fracture is also consistent with that of the reservoir.

[0087] Based on similar dimensions, combined with mine data, the model parameters and experimental conditions are determined as shown in Table 2.

[0088] Table 2 shows the size similarity criteria and the determination of experimental parameters.

[0089] Mine parameters Experimental parameters Similarity coefficient Volume of the solution cavity (V) <![CDATA[200000m 3 ]]> 2mL —— Crack width (L) 3.1-4.2m 0.5-1.5mm <![CDATA[k (L) =6-2.8]]>

[0090] Based on dynamic similarity and combined with mine data, the model parameters and experimental conditions are determined as shown in Table 3.

[0091] Table 3. Determination of Experimental Parameters Related to Dynamic Similarity Criteria

[0092]

[0093] When determining the experimental production pressure differential, the mine production pressure differential was 400 times that of the simulated experimental production pressure differential. Based on motion similarity, combined with mine data, model parameters, and experimental conditions, the parameters are shown in Table 4.

[0094] Table 4. Determination of experimental parameters related to motion similarity criteria.

[0095]

[0096]

[0097] By combining the proportions of these parameters with the parameters of the mine, the parameter ranges for the indoor physical simulation experiment were calculated as shown in Table 5.

[0098] Table 5 Main parameters of the physical simulation

[0099] Mine parameters Experimental parameters Volume of the solution cavity (V) <![CDATA[200000m 3 ]]> 2mL Crack width (L) 3.1-4.2m 0.5-1.5mm <![CDATA[Crude oil density (ρ o )]]> <![CDATA[800~950kg / m 3 ]]> <![CDATA[800~950kg / m 3 <!-- 7 -->]]> <![CDATA[Crude oil viscosity (μ o )]]> 30~50mPa·s 30~50mPa·s Production pressure differential (ΔP) 2-4 MPa 2~10kPa

[0100] Based on the similarity criterion, the correspondence between the production speed of the simulation experiment and the production speed of the mine was determined, as shown in Table 6.

[0101] Table 6 Correspondence between Experimental and Mine Production Speeds

[0102]

[0103] After determining the key parameters based on steps one and two, the displacement simulation is carried out through the following steps.

[0104] Step 3: Load the volcanic rock fissure model into the holder; pressure sensors are located at the inlet and outlet of the holder to monitor the injection pressure P. j and the pressure P at the extraction end e The clamp inlet is connected to the gas intermediate container, crude oil intermediate container, formation water intermediate container, and ISCO injection pump; the clamp outlet is connected to the pressure depletion controller and oil-gas separation system. Crude oil is saturated using a vacuum method, and the crude oil volume V is recorded. 总 ;

[0105] Step 4: Adjust the ISCO injection rate to 8 mL / min, develop the volcanic rock fissure cavity model, and record the injection end pressure P. j and the pressure P at the extraction end e ;

[0106] Step 5: Simulate depletion recovery. Connect the intermediate crude oil container and increase the pressure inside the volcanic rock fracture cavern model to 20 MPa (injection pressure is consistent with production pressure). Control the pressure depletion controller to perform depressurization recovery. When the recovery rate is lower than 1% of the original out-of-inventory (OOIP), the test is complete, and the volume of crude oil recovered through depletion recovery, V, is recorded. 衰竭 ;

[0107] Step Six: Simulate water injection production. Connect the intermediate formation water container and adjust the ISCO injection pump to constant speed mode. The test is complete when the recovery rate is less than 1% of the original out-of-inventory (OOIP). Record the volume of crude oil extracted by water injection, V. 注水 ;

[0108] Step 7: Simulate gas injection production. Connect the intermediate gas container and adjust the ISCO injection pump to constant speed mode. When the recovery rate is lower than 1% of the original reserves (OOIP), the test is complete, and the volume of crude oil produced by gas injection, V, is recorded. 注气 .

[0109]

[0110]

[0111] Experimental results are as follows Figure 2 and 3 As shown, the recovery rate and displacement pressure differential in the indoor experiments are close to those in the field experiments.

[0112] Beneficial effects: By using equation analysis and dimensional analysis to establish a complete similarity criterion group, the error between physical simulation of fractured-vuggy reservoirs and field tests can be reduced.

[0113] The fluid displacement control system enables the entire development process, including depletion mining, water injection and gas injection mining.

[0114] The above specific embodiments further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A displacement simulation method for the opening and closing of storage space and seepage channels, characterized in that, The displacement simulation method includes: The physical model parameters of volcanic rock fracture-vuggy reservoirs were established using similarity theory; Crude oil viscosity μ was determined based on dynamic and kinematic similarity criterion parameters. o and injection speed q o ; Obtain the crude oil volume V 总 ; Record the injection end pressure P based on the injection rate. j and the pressure P at the extraction end e ; Calculate the oil recovery rate γ in depleted development 衰竭 ; Calculate the oil recovery rate γ in water injection development 注水 ; Calculate the oil recovery rate γ in gas injection development 注气 .

2. The displacement simulation method for the opening and closing of storage space and seepage channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific parameters for establishing the physical model of volcanic rock fracture-vuggy reservoirs using similarity theory include: The similarity criterion group is determined by dimensional analysis and equation analysis. The complete set of similarity criteria is established as follows: p 11 =φ、 p 16 =ΔS、 p 19 =n v ΔL 3 ;p 20 =n f ΔL、 p 22 =φ P ,p 23 =R p 、 Where P is pressure; L is length; t is time; u o For oil flow rate; u w ρ is the water flow velocity. o ρ is the density of the oil. w The density of water is μ. o Oil viscosity; μ w q is the viscosity of water; g is the acceleration due to gravity; o q represents the oil phase mass flow rate; w p is the aqueous phase mass flow rate; K is the permeability; c For capillary force; n f n represents the crack density. v denoted as ρa, ρb as ρf, ρd as pore diameter, and ρi as injection volume in the injection well.

3. The displacement simulation method for the opening and closing of storage space and seepage channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application of similarity theory to establish the physical model parameters for volcanic rock fracture-vuggy reservoirs also includes: Parameters were selected for study, and the similarity coefficient was equal to the mine parameter value divided by the model parameter value; By combining the similarity coefficients of each physical quantity according to the similarity criterion, the similarity criterion is finally obtained. If the similarity criterion is 1, then the model parameters are considered similar to the mine parameters according to the similarity criterion.

4. The displacement simulation method for the opening and closing of storage space and seepage channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crude oil viscosity μ is determined based on dynamic and kinematic similarity criterion parameters. o and injection speed q o Specifically, it includes: Based on the similarity of the dimensional parameters, the volume V of the cave and the width L of the fissure were determined, and an acrylic model was used to create a volcanic rock fissure cave model. Crude oil viscosity μ was determined based on dynamic and kinematic similarity criterion parameters. o and injection speed q o .

5. The displacement simulation method for the opening and closing of storage space and seepage channels according to claim 4, characterized in that, The crude oil viscosity μ is determined based on dynamic and kinematic similarity criterion parameters. o and injection speed q o Specifically, it includes: Based on the similarity of kinetics, the ratio of displacement pressure to gravity is selected. Based on the requirement of similarity in motion, the ratio of inertial force to viscous force is selected. Based on the similarity of the fracture aperture, the ratio of permeability to fracture width is selected.

6. The displacement simulation method for the opening and closing of storage space and seepage channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining crude oil volume V 总 Specifically, it includes: The volcanic rock fissure model is loaded into the clamp; Pressure sensors are located at the inlet and outlet of the gripper to monitor the injection end pressure P. j and the pressure P at the extraction end e ; The clamp inlet is connected to the gas intermediate container, crude oil intermediate container, formation water intermediate container and ISCO injection pump; The pressure exhaust controller and oil-gas separation system are connected at the outlet of the clamp; The crude oil was saturated by vacuuming, and the crude oil volume V was recorded. 总 .

7. The displacement simulation method for the opening and closing of storage space and seepage channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The injection end pressure P is recorded based on the injection rate. j and the pressure P at the extraction end e Specifically, it includes: Based on the injection rate calculated in step S2, the ISCO injection pump parameters are adjusted to develop a volcanic rock fissure cavity model, and the injection end pressure P is recorded. j and the pressure P at the extraction end e .

8. The displacement simulation method for the opening and closing of storage space and seepage channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the oil recovery rate γ in depleted development 衰竭 Specifically, it includes: Simulated recovery was conducted by connecting an intermediate crude oil container and increasing the pressure inside the volcanic rock fracture cavern model to 20 MPa. A pressure depletion controller was then used to depressurize the recovery. The test was completed when the recovery rate fell below 1% of the original OOIP (Out-of-Intake Perimeter). The volume of crude oil recovered during depletion recovery, V, was recorded. 衰竭 Calculate the oil recovery rate γ in depleted development. 衰竭 .

9. The displacement simulation method for the opening and closing of storage space and seepage channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the oil recovery rate γ in water injection development 注水 Specifically, it includes: Simulated water injection production was conducted by connecting an intermediate formation water container and adjusting the ISCO injection pump to a constant-speed mode. The test was completed when the recovery rate fell below 1% of the original reserves (OOIP), and the volume of crude oil extracted via water injection, V, was recorded. 注水 Calculate the oil recovery rate γ in water injection development. 注水 .

10. The displacement simulation method for the opening and closing of storage space and seepage channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the oil recovery rate γ in gas injection development 注气 Specifically, it includes: Simulate gas injection extraction, connect the intermediate gas container, and adjust the ISCO injection pump to constant speed mode; When the recovery rate is less than 1% of the original reserves (OOIP), the test is completed and the volume of crude oil extracted through gas injection, V, is recorded. 注气 Calculate the oil recovery rate γ in gas injection development 注气 .

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