A controllable authentication quantum dialogue method based on Bell states

Abstract

This invention discloses a controllable authentication quantum dialogue method based on Bell states, where a third-party quantum dialogue controller C, quantum communicator A, and quantum communicator B share identity authentication information pairwise. The third-party quantum dialogue controller C prepares a Bell state sequence and two Bell state sequences for identity verification. Then, it splits the Bell state sequence into single-particle sequences, sending a portion of the particle sequence to quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B respectively. The third-party quantum dialogue controller C verifies the identity information of quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B, and quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B verify each other's identity information. Quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B each perform unitary operations on the communication particles with the message to be sent. Based on the measurement results of the Bell states after the Bell unitary operations, quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B deduce the message sent by the other party. This method achieves bidirectional secure and efficient communication between quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B under the control of a semi-trusted third-party quantum dialogue controller C, while simultaneously solving the three-party identity authentication problem. The method of this invention is simple and easy to implement, with good practical feasibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of quantum cryptography, and more particularly to a controllable authentication quantum dialogue method based on Bell states, which enables bidirectional communication between quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B under the control of a third-party quantum dialogue controller C. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, quantum computing has posed a significant threat to traditional cryptography, which relies on computational complexity, due to its superior computing power. Simultaneously, quantum cryptography, utilizing the principles of quantum mechanics, can theoretically achieve unconditionally secure communication. Since its inception, quantum cryptography has attracted extensive research from scientists both theoretically and experimentally, resulting in many interesting applications, including quantum key distribution, quantum secret sharing, quantum secure direct communication, quantum dialogue, and quantum identity authentication. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on the above background technology, this invention proposes a controllable authentication quantum dialogue method based on Bell states. By utilizing Bell states, under the control of a third-party quantum dialogue controller C, bidirectional communication between quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B can be realized, while simultaneously solving security issues such as participant identity authentication and semi-trusted third-party supervision.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A controllable authentication quantum dialogue method based on Bell states, the steps of which are: S1: Shared identity authentication information: Third-party quantum dialogue controller C shares identity authentication information with quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B respectively, and quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B share identity authentication information; S2: Preparation phase: Third-party quantum dialogue controller C prepares one Bell state sequence for quantum dialogue and two Bell state sequences for identity authentication. Then, the three Bell state sequences are split into six single-particle sequences. Then, the second single-particle sequences of the two Bell state sequences for identity authentication are inserted into the two single-particle sequences of the Bell state sequence for quantum dialogue, forming two merged single-particle sequences. Decoy particles are inserted into the two merged single-particle sequences and then sent to quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B respectively. S3: Identity Authentication Phase: Quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B respectively perform eavesdropping detection, then third-party quantum dialogue controller C respectively verifies the identity information of quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B, and then quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B respectively verify the identity information of each other; S4: Controlled quantum dialogue: Quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B send messages.

[0005] As an improvement to the above technical solution, in step S1, quantum communicator A and third-party quantum dialogue controller C share a length of Binary bit string authentication information Quantum communicator B and third-party quantum dialogue controller C share a length of Binary bit string authentication information Quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B share a length of Binary bit string authentication information ,in , It is a positive integer.

[0006] As an improvement to the above technical solution, the specific steps of step S2 are as follows: S201, the third-party quantum dialogue controller C is prepared with a length of Bell state sequence , of which each Four Bell states were prepared randomly. One of them, , , , , It is a positive integer; The third-party quantum dialogue controller C prepares a length of Bell state sequence and ,in and Each Bell state in is ; S202, Third-Party Quantum Dialogue Controller C (Split) and extract The first particle forms the particle sequence. ,extract The second particle forms the particle sequence as follows ; Using the same method, the third-party quantum dialogue controller C will use the Bell state sequence. Split into two single-particle sequences and , Bell state sequence Split into two single-particle sequences and ,in and They are respectively and The first single-column subsequence, and They are respectively and The second single-column subsequence; Third-party quantum dialogue controller C stores single-particle sequences and ; S203, Third-party quantum dialogue controller C The particles in the sequence are rearranged, and the rearranged particle sequence is as follows: And record the sorting position information; S204, Third-party quantum dialogue controller C randomly... Each particle is inserted into the particle sequence The particle sequence is and record Insert into Location information, then randomly... Each particle is inserted into the particle sequence The particle sequence is and record Insert into Location information; S205, Third-party quantum dialogue controller C, randomly prepared. A deceptive particle Then the decoy particles Random insertion In the process, the particle sequence obtained is as follows: ; Using the same method, the third-party quantum dialogue controller C randomly generates... A deceptive particle Then, the decoy particles Random insertion In the process, the particle sequence obtained is as follows: ; in, , Each particle in the process is randomly generated into four particle states. One of them, , ; S206, Third-party quantum dialogue controller C uses a quantum key transfer protocol to transmit via a quantum channel. Send to quantum communicator A, Send to quantum communicator B.

[0007] As an improvement to the above technical solution, the specific steps of step S3 are as follows: S301, First eavesdropping detection: Quantum communicator A received Quantum communicator B received A third-party quantum dialogue controller, C, uses classical communication methods to announce to quantum communicator A the decoy particle... The position and state of the vector quantum communicator B are used to announce the decoy particle. The position and state of the decoy particles were determined, and then quantum communicators A and B each selected and measured the sequence of decoy particles. and ; Quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B will deceive the particle and The initial preparation information and measurement results are compared to calculate the error rate. If the error rate is lower than the threshold agreed upon by both parties in advance, step S302 is executed; otherwise, the communication ends. S302. Third-party quantum dialogue controller C verifies the identity of quantum communicator A: Quantum Communicator A Delete Deceptive particles in The resulting particle sequence is Third-party quantum dialogue controller C announces vector quantum communicator A middle Location, quantum communicator A will Split into and ; Quantum communicator A, according to the middle Each ,right Each particle in The measurement results were obtained by performing the measurement. ,like ,right Perform Z-basis measurement, if ,right Perform X-basis measurements, where , Then quantum communicator A will transmit the measurement result as follows: The particle state is published to a third-party quantum dialogue controller C using classical communication methods; Using the same method, the third-party quantum dialogue controller C, according to... Each ,right Each particle in The measurement was performed, and the measurement result was as follows: ; like Each particle in and Each particle in Satisfying Bell state If the third-party quantum dialogue controller C successfully verifies that the quantum communicator A has succeeded, step S303 is executed; otherwise, the communication ends. S303. Third-party quantum dialogue controller C verifies the identity of quantum communicator B: Quantum Communicator B (Delete) Deceptive particles in The particle sequence obtained is Third-party quantum dialogue controller C announced middle Location, quantum communicator A will Disassembled and ; Quantum communicator B, according to the middle Each ,right Each particle in The measurement was performed, and the measurement result was as follows: ,like ,right Perform Z-basis measurement, if ,right Perform X-basis measurements, and then assign the measurement results as follows: The particle state is published to a third-party quantum dialogue controller C using classical communication methods; Using the same method, the third-party quantum dialogue controller C, according to... Each ,right Each particle in The measurement was performed, and the measurement result was as follows: ; like Each particle in and Each particle in Satisfying Bell state If the third-party quantum dialogue controller C successfully verifies that the quantum communicator B has succeeded, step S304 is executed; otherwise, the communication ends. S304. Quantum communicator A verifies the identity of quantum communicator B: Third-party quantum dialogue controller C will... The positions of the particles before sorting are sent to quantum communicator B using classical communication methods. Quantum communicator B then uses the particle sorting information to... Restore to ; Quantum communicator A from Random selection The particle sequence consists of 10 particles. And announced to Quantum Dialogue Controller B The position, the remaining particle sequence is Quantum communicator B, according to exist In the middle, select the middle position. The corresponding particle composition sequence is The remaining particles form the sequence. ; Quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B, according to Each bit of information in Measure separately and The measurement results are as follows and ,like Measured using the Z-basis, if Measured using the X-base; Quantum Communicator B will The particle state information is sent to quantum communicator A using classical communication methods; Third-party quantum dialogue controller C announces to quantum communicator A and The corresponding Bell state information is used to compare the Bell state information with the measurement results to verify the identity information of quantum communicator B. If the results match, the verification is successful and step S305 is executed; otherwise, the communication ends. S305. Quantum communicator B verifies the identity of quantum communicator A: Quantum communicator B from Random selection The particle sequence consists of 10 particles. The remaining particle sequence is And announced to Quantum Dialogue Controller A The location, according to quantum communicator A exist In the middle, select the middle position. The corresponding particle sequence The remaining particle sequence is ; Quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B, according to Each bit of information in Measure separately and The measurement results are as follows and ,like Measured using the Z-basis, if Measured using the X-base; Quantum communicator A will The particle state information is sent to quantum communicator B using classical communication methods; Third-party quantum dialogue controller C announces to quantum communicator B and The corresponding Bell state information is used by quantum communicator B to compare the Bell state information with the measurement results to verify the identity information of quantum communicator A. If the results match, the verification is successful and step S4 is executed; otherwise, the communication ends.

[0008] As an improvement to the above technical solution, the length of the binary bit string information sent by quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B in step S4 is 2N, denoted as: , ,in .

[0009] As an improvement to the above technical solution, the specific steps of step S4 are as follows: S401, Encoding process of quantum communicator A: Quantum communicator A according to... Each of them The value of, for The i-th particle performs the unitary operation; like , ,like , ,like , ,like , ,in, , , , N The particle sequence is ; Quantum communicator A randomly prepares N decoy particles N of the decoy particles come from Next insert The particle sequence obtained is Then, the quantum key transfer protocol is used to send the key to quantum communicator B through a quantum channel; S402, Second eavesdropping detection: Quantum communicator B received... Then, quantum communicator A announced to quantum communicator B using classical communication methods. Based on the location and information, quantum communicator B selects N decoy particles. ,recover ; Quantum communicator B measures decoy particles The initial preparation information of the decoy particles and the measurement results are compared to calculate the error rate. If the error rate is lower than the threshold agreed upon by both parties in advance, step S403 is executed; otherwise, the communication ends. S403, Decoding of Quantum Communicator A and Quantum Communicator B: Third-party quantum dialogue controller C announces to quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B respectively using classical communication methods. and The initial state information of the Bell state; Quantum Communicator B, according to Each of them The value of, for The i-th particle performs the unitary operation; like , ,like , ,like , ,like , ,in, , , , N The particle sequence is ; Quantum communicator B combines respectively and The particle sequence obtained is Then measure using Bell base. The measurement results were obtained as follows Quantum communicator B uses classical communication methods to... Send to quantum communicator A; Quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B, according to Each of the messages sent by the other party is retrieved. and .

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of this invention are: 1) This invention utilizes Bell states to realize a dialogue method between quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B, and the preparation of Bell states is simple; 2) A third-party quantum dialogue controller C authenticates the identities of quantum communicator A and quantum quantum communicator B, and the identities of quantum communicator A and quantum quantum communicator B mutually authenticate each other's identity information, ensuring the security of quantum communication; 3) The third-party quantum dialogue controller C controls the secure communication between quantum communicator A and quantum quantum communicator B, ensuring the controllability of communication. Attached Figure Description

[0011] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0012] Figure 1 The flowchart of this invention Detailed Implementation The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made by those skilled in the art to all other embodiments obtained without creative effort should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0013] Example 1: As Figure 1 As shown, the controllable authentication quantum dialogue method based on Bell states of the present invention comprises the following specific steps: The steps for sharing identity authentication information include: S1, quantum communicator A and third-party quantum dialogue controller C share a length of Binary bit string authentication information Quantum communicator B and third-party quantum dialogue controller C share a length of Binary bit string authentication information Quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B share a length of Binary bit string authentication information ,in , It is a positive integer.

[0014] The preparation steps include: S201, the third-party quantum dialogue controller C is prepared with a length of Bell state sequence , of which each Four Bell states were prepared randomly. One of them, , , , , It is a positive integer; The third-party quantum dialogue controller C prepares a length of Bell state sequence and ,in and Each Bell state in is ; S202, Third-Party Quantum Dialogue Controller C (Split) and extract The first particle forms the particle sequence ,extract The second particle forms the particle sequence. ; Using the same method, the third-party quantum dialogue controller C will use the Bell state sequence. Split into two single-particle sequences and , Bell state sequence Split into two single-particle sequences and ,in and They are respectively and The first single-column subsequence, and They are respectively and The second single-column subsequence; Third-party quantum dialogue controller C stores single-particle sequences and ; S203, Third-party quantum dialogue controller C The particles in the sequence are rearranged, and the rearranged particle sequence is as follows: And record the sorting position information; S204, Third-party quantum dialogue controller C randomly... Each particle is inserted into the particle sequence The merged particle sequence is and record Insert into Location information, then randomly... Each particle is inserted into the particle sequence The merged particle sequence is and record Insert into Location information; S205, Third-party quantum dialogue controller C, randomly prepared. A deceptive particle Then, the decoy particles Random insertion The resulting particle sequence is ; Using the same method, the third-party quantum dialogue controller C randomly generates... A deceptive particle Then, the decoy particles Random insertion The resulting particle sequence is ; in, , Each particle in the process is randomly generated into four particle states. One of them, , ; S206, Third-party quantum dialogue controller C uses a quantum key transfer protocol to transmit via a quantum channel. Send to quantum communicator A, Send to quantum communicator B.

[0015] The identity information authentication steps specifically include: S301, First eavesdropping detection: Quantum communicator A received Quantum communicator B received A third-party quantum dialogue controller, C, uses classical communication methods to announce to quantum communicator A the decoy particle... The position and state of the vector quantum communicator B are used to announce the decoy particle. The position and state of the decoy particles were determined, and then quantum communicators A and B each selected and measured the sequence of decoy particles. and ; Quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B will deceive the particle and The initial preparation information and measurement results are compared to calculate the error rate. If the error rate is lower than the threshold agreed upon by both parties in advance, step S302 of this embodiment is executed; otherwise, the communication ends. S302. Third-party quantum dialogue controller C verifies the identity of quantum communicator A: Quantum Communicator A Delete Deceptive particles in The resulting particle sequence is Third-party quantum dialogue controller C announces vector quantum communicator A middle Location, quantum communicator A will Split into and ; Quantum communicator A, according to the middle Each ,right Each particle in The measurement results were obtained by performing the measurement. ,like ,right Perform Z-basis measurement, if ,right Perform X-basis measurements, where , Then quantum communicator A will transmit the measurement result as follows: The particle state is published to a third-party quantum dialogue controller C using classical communication methods; Using the same method, the third-party quantum dialogue controller C, according to... Each ,right Each particle in The measurement was performed, and the measurement result was as follows: ; like Each particle in and Each particle in Satisfying Bell state If the third-party quantum dialogue controller C successfully verifies that the quantum communicator A has succeeded, step S303 of this embodiment will be executed; otherwise, the communication will end. S303. Third-party quantum dialogue controller C verifies the identity of quantum communicator B: Quantum Communicator B (Delete) Deceptive particles in get Third-party quantum dialogue controller C announced middle Location, quantum communicator A will Disassembled and ; Quantum communicator B, according to the middle Each ,right Each particle in The measurement was performed, and the measurement result was as follows: ,like ,right Perform Z-basis measurement, if ,right Perform X-basis measurements, and then assign the measurement results as follows: The particle state is published to a third-party quantum dialogue controller C using classical communication methods; Using the same method, the third-party quantum dialogue controller C, according to... Each ,right Each particle in The measurement was performed, and the measurement result was as follows: ; like If each of the following Each particle in and Each particle in Satisfying Bell state If the third-party quantum dialogue controller C successfully verifies that the quantum communicator B has succeeded, then step S304 of this embodiment is executed; otherwise, the communication ends. S304. Quantum communicator A verifies the identity of quantum communicator B: Third-party quantum dialogue controller C will... The positions of the particles before sorting are sent to quantum communicator B using classical communication methods. Quantum communicator B then uses the particle sorting information to... Restore to ; Quantum communicator A from Random selection The particle sequence consists of 10 particles. And announced to Quantum Dialogue Controller B The position, the remaining particle sequence is Quantum communicator B, according to exist In the middle, select the middle position. The corresponding particle composition sequence is The remaining particles form the sequence. ; Quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B, according to Each bit of information in Measure separately and The measurement results are as follows and ,like Measured using the Z-basis, if Measured using the X-base; Quantum Communicator B will The particle state information is sent to quantum communicator A using classical communication methods; Third-party quantum dialogue controller C announces to quantum communicator A and The corresponding Bell state information is used to compare the Bell state information with the measurement results to verify the identity information of quantum communicator B. If the results are consistent, the verification is successful, and step S305 of this embodiment is executed; otherwise, the communication ends. S305. Quantum communicator B verifies the identity of quantum communicator A: Quantum communicator B from Random selection The particle sequence consists of 10 particles. The remaining particle sequence is And announced to Quantum Dialogue Controller A The location, according to quantum communicator A exist In the middle, select the middle position. The corresponding particle sequence is The remaining particle sequence is ; Quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B, according to Each bit of information in Measure separately and The measurement results are as follows and ,like Measured using the Z-basis, if Measured using the X-base; Quantum communicator A will The particle state information is sent to quantum communicator B using classical communication methods; Third-party quantum dialogue controller C announces to quantum communicator B and The corresponding Bell state information is used by quantum communicator B to compare the Bell state information with the measurement results to verify the identity information of quantum communicator A. If the results are consistent, the verification is successful, and step S401 of this embodiment is executed; otherwise, the communication ends.

[0016] The steps of controlled quantum dialogue specifically include: S401. The length of the binary bit string information sent by quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B is 2N, denoted as: , ,in ; The encoding process of quantum communicator A: Quantum communicator A according to... Each of them The value of, for The i-th particle performs the unitary operation; like , ,like , ,like , ,like , ,in, , , , N Composition of particle sequence ; Quantum communicator A randomly prepares N decoy particles N of the decoy particles come from Next insert get Then, the quantum key transfer protocol is used to send the key to quantum communicator B through a quantum channel; S402, Second eavesdropping detection: Quantum communicator B received... Then, quantum communicator A announced to quantum communicator B using classical communication methods. Based on the location and information, quantum communicator B selects N decoy particles. ,recover ; Quantum communicator B measures decoy particles The initial preparation information of the decoy particles and the measurement results are compared to calculate the error rate. If the error rate is lower than the threshold agreed upon by both parties in advance, step S403 of this embodiment is executed; otherwise, the communication ends. S403, Decoding of Quantum Communicator A and Quantum Communicator B: Third-party quantum dialogue controller C announces to quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B respectively using classical communication methods. and The initial state information of the Bell state; Quantum Communicator B, according to Each of them The value of, for The i-th particle performs the unitary operation; like , ,like , ,like , ,like , ,in, , , , N Composition of particle sequence ; Quantum communicator B combines respectively and The particle sequence obtained is Then measure using Bell base. The measurement results were obtained as follows Quantum communicator B uses classical communication methods to... Send to quantum communicator A; Quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B, according to Each of the messages sent by the other party is retrieved. and .

[0017] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A controllable authentication quantum dialogue method based on Bell states, characterized in that: The steps of this quantum dialogue method are: S1: Shared identity authentication information: Third-party quantum dialogue controller C shares identity authentication information with quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B respectively, and quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B share identity authentication information; S2: Preparation phase: Third-party quantum dialogue controller C prepares one Bell state sequence for quantum dialogue and two Bell state sequences for identity authentication. Then, the three Bell state sequences are split into six single-particle sequences. Then, the second single-particle sequences of the two Bell state sequences for identity authentication are inserted into the two single-particle sequences of the Bell state sequence for quantum dialogue, forming two merged single-particle sequences. Decoy particles are inserted into the two merged single-particle sequences and then sent to quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B respectively. S3: Identity Authentication Phase: Quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B respectively perform eavesdropping detection, then third-party quantum dialogue controller C respectively verifies the identity information of quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B, and then quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B respectively verify the identity information of each other; S4: Controlled quantum dialogue: Quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B send messages.

2. The controllable authentication quantum dialogue method based on Bell states as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, quantum communicator A and third-party quantum dialogue controller C share a length of... Binary bit string authentication information Quantum communicator B and third-party quantum dialogue controller C share a length of Binary bit string authentication information Quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B share a length of Binary bit string authentication information ,in , It is a positive integer.

3. The controllable authentication quantum dialogue method based on Bell states as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step S2 are as follows: S201, the third-party quantum dialogue controller C is prepared with a length of Bell state sequence , of which each Four Bell states were prepared randomly. One of them, , , , , It is a positive integer; The third-party quantum dialogue controller C prepares a length of Bell state sequence and ,in and Each Bell state in is ; S202, Third-Party Quantum Dialogue Controller C (Split) and extract The first particle forms the particle sequence. ,extract The second particle forms the particle sequence as follows ; Using the same method, the third-party quantum dialogue controller C will use the Bell state sequence. Split into two single-particle sequences and , Bell state sequence Split into two single-particle sequences and ,in and They are respectively and The first single-column subsequence, and They are respectively and The second single-column subsequence; Third-party quantum dialogue controller C stores single-particle sequences and ; S203, Third-party quantum dialogue controller C The particles in the sequence are rearranged, and the rearranged particle sequence is as follows: And record the sorting position information; S204, Third-party quantum dialogue controller C randomly... Each particle is inserted into the particle sequence In the middle, the particle sequence is and record Insert into Location information, then randomly... Each particle is inserted into the particle sequence In the middle, the particle sequence is and record Insert into Location information; S205, Third-party quantum dialogue controller C, randomly prepared. A deceptive particle Then, the decoy particles Random insertion The resulting particle sequence is ; Using the same method, the third-party quantum dialogue controller C randomly generates... A deceptive particle Then, the decoy particles Random insertion The resulting particle sequence is ; in, , Each particle in the process is randomly generated into four particle states. One of them, , ; S206, Third-party quantum dialogue controller C uses a quantum key transfer protocol to transmit via a quantum channel. Send to quantum communicator A, Send to quantum communicator B.

4. The controllable authentication quantum dialogue method based on Bell states as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step S3 are as follows: S301, First eavesdropping detection: Quantum communicator A received Quantum communicator B received A third-party quantum dialogue controller, C, uses classical communication methods to announce to quantum communicator A the decoy particle... The position and state of the vector quantum communicator B are used to announce the decoy particle. The position and state of the decoy particles were determined, and then quantum communicators A and B respectively selected and measured the sequence of decoy particles. and ; Quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B, based on decoy particles and The initial preparation information and measurement results are used to calculate the error rate. If the error rate is lower than the threshold agreed upon by both parties in advance, step S302 is executed; otherwise, the communication ends. S302. Third-party quantum dialogue controller C verifies the identity of quantum communicator A: Quantum Communicator A Delete Deceptive particles in The resulting particle sequence is Third-party quantum dialogue controller C announces vector quantum communicator A middle Location, quantum communicator A will Split into and ; Quantum communicator A, according to the middle Each ,right Each particle in The measurement results were obtained by performing the measurement. ,like ,right Perform Z-basis measurement, if ,right Perform X-basis measurements, where , Then quantum communicator A will transmit the measurement result as follows: The particle state is published to a third-party quantum dialogue controller C using classical communication methods; Using the same method, the third-party quantum dialogue controller C, according to... Each ,right Each particle in The measurement was performed, and the measurement result was as follows: ; like Each particle in and Each particle in Satisfying Bell state If the third-party quantum dialogue controller C successfully verifies that the quantum communicator A has succeeded, step S303 is executed; otherwise, the communication ends. S303. Third-party quantum dialogue controller C verifies the identity of quantum communicator B: Quantum Communicator B (Delete) Deceptive particles in get Third-party quantum dialogue controller C announced middle Location, quantum communicator A will Disassembled and ; Quantum communicator B, according to the middle Each ,right Each particle in The measurement was performed, and the measurement result was as follows: ,like ,right Perform Z-basis measurement, if ,right Perform X-basis measurements, and then assign the measurement results as follows: The particle state is published to a third-party quantum dialogue controller C using classical communication methods; Using the same method, the third-party quantum dialogue controller C, according to... Each ,right Each particle in The measurement was performed, and the measurement result was as follows: ; like Each particle in and Each particle in Satisfying Bell state If the third-party quantum dialogue controller C successfully verifies that the quantum communicator B has succeeded, step S304 is executed; otherwise, the communication ends. S304. Quantum communicator A verifies the identity of quantum communicator B: Third-party quantum dialogue controller C will... The positional information of the particles before sorting is sent to quantum communicator B using classical communication methods. Quantum communicator B then uses the particle sorting information to... Restore to ; Quantum communicator A from Random selection The particle sequence consists of 10 particles. And announced to Quantum Dialogue Controller B The position, the remaining particle sequence is Quantum communicator B, according to exist In the middle, select the middle position. The corresponding particle composition sequence is The remaining particles form the sequence. ; Quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B, according to Each bit of information in Measure separately and The measurement results are as follows and ,like Measured using the Z-basis, if Measured using the X-base; Quantum Communicator B will The particle state information is sent to quantum communicator A using classical communication methods; Third-party quantum dialogue controller C announces to quantum communicator A and The corresponding Bell state information is used to compare the Bell state information with the measurement results to verify the identity information of quantum communicator B. If the results match, the verification is successful and step S305 is executed; otherwise, the communication ends. S305. Quantum communicator B verifies the identity of quantum communicator A: Quantum communicator B from Random selection The particle sequence consists of 10 particles. The remaining particle sequence is And announced to Quantum Dialogue Controller A The location, according to quantum communicator A exist In the middle, select the middle position. The corresponding particle sequence The remaining particle sequence is ; Quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B, according to Each bit of information in Measure separately and The measurement results are as follows and ,like Measured using the Z-basis, if Measured using the X-base; Quantum communicator A will The particle state information is sent to quantum communicator B using classical communication methods; Third-party quantum dialogue controller C announces to quantum communicator B and The corresponding Bell state information is used by quantum communicator B to compare the Bell state information with the measurement results to verify the identity information of quantum communicator A. If the results match, the verification is successful and step S4 is executed; otherwise, the communication ends.

5. The controllable authentication quantum dialogue method based on Bell states as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the length of the binary bit string information sent by quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B is 2N, denoted as: , ,in .

6. The controllable authentication quantum dialogue method based on Bell states as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step S4 are as follows: S401, Encoding process of quantum communicator A: Quantum communicator A according to... Each of them The value of, for The i-th particle performs the unitary operation; like , ,like , ,like , ,like , ,in, , , , N The particle sequence is ; Quantum communicator A randomly prepares N decoy particles N of the decoy particles come from Next insert The particle sequence obtained is Then, the quantum key transfer protocol is used to send the key to quantum communicator B through a quantum channel; S402, Second eavesdropping detection: Quantum communicator B receives... Then, quantum communicator A announced to quantum communicator B using classical communication methods. Based on the location and information, quantum communicator B selects N decoy particles. ,recover ; Quantum communicator B measures decoy particles The initial preparation information of the decoy particles and the measurement results are compared to calculate the error rate. If the error rate is lower than the threshold agreed upon by both parties in advance, step S403 is executed; otherwise, the communication ends. S403, Decoding of Quantum Communicator A and Quantum Communicator B: Third-party quantum dialogue controller C announces to quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B respectively using classical communication methods. and The initial state information of the Bell state; Quantum Communicator B, according to Each of them The value of, for The i-th particle performs the unitary operation; like , ,like , ,like , ,like , ,in, , , , N The particle sequence is ; Quantum communicator B combines respectively and The particle sequence obtained is Then measure using Bell base. The measurement results were obtained as follows Quantum communicator B uses classical communication methods to... Send to quantum communicator A; Quantum communicator A and quantum communicator B, according to Each of the messages sent by the other party is retrieved. and .

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