Active compositions for organic solar cells and organic solar cells with high mechanical properties

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of solar cell technology, specifically to an active composition for organic solar cells and an organic solar cell with high mechanical performance. The composition comprises an electron donor material, an electron acceptor material, and an active compound; the active compound is selected from one or more of the compounds shown in formula (Z-1), formula (Z-2), and formula (Z-3), and each group in the structure of the active compound is specifically selected. When the composition of this invention is applied to the active layer of an organic solar cell, it can significantly improve the mechanical performance of the device and reduce the performance degradation of the device. Formulas (Z-1), (Z-2), and (Z-3).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar cell technology, and more specifically to an active composition for organic solar cells and an organic solar cell with high mechanical properties. Background Technology

[0002] Energy is the cornerstone of modern society's existence and development. With the continuous development of the global economy, the demand for energy is increasing. Unlike fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas, which have limited reserves, are non-renewable, and cause serious pollution, solar energy, as a renewable resource, has broad application prospects and has become an important component of the world's sustainable energy development. The emergence of photovoltaic power generation can directly convert solar radiation into electrical energy, resulting in significant economic, environmental, and social benefits. Organic solar cells, as a novel technology, possess outstanding advantages such as environmental friendliness, low carbon footprint, low cost, flexibility, lightweight, large area, and simple fabrication, and are considered one of the important areas of solar cell development. In recent years, organic solar cells have made significant progress, with their photoelectric conversion efficiency exceeding 20%, demonstrating enormous commercial potential.

[0003] However, the active layer in high-efficiency organic solar cell devices is typically composed of strongly conjugated macromolecules and non-fullerene small molecules. This rigid framework structure easily leads to the formation of discontinuous crystals and sharp boundaries in the thin film, resulting in poor mechanical properties, which is extremely detrimental to maintaining device performance. Therefore, improving the mechanical properties of the active layer of organic solar cells not only has significant scientific research value but also has urgent market significance for promoting the practical application of organic solar cells. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art and provide an active composition for organic solar cells and an organic solar cell with high mechanical performance. When applied to the active layer of an organic solar cell, this composition can significantly improve the mechanical performance of the device and reduce performance degradation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an active composition for organic solar cells, the composition comprising an electron donor material, an electron acceptor material, and an active compound; said active compound is selected from one or more compounds shown in formula (Z-1), formula (Z-2), and formula (Z-3): Equation (Z-1) , Equation (Z-2) , Equation (Z-3) ; Among them, each R 1 Each R2 and each R 3 Each is independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C12 alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl groups, and C2-C12 alkenyl groups. and One or more of them, R 4 R 5 R 6 and R 7 Each is independently selected from one or more alkylene groups of C1-C6, R 8 and R 9 Each is independently selected from one or more alkyl groups of C1-C6, R 10 The substituents are selected from one or more halogens, wherein the substituted C1-C12 alkyl and the substituted C6-C20 aryl substituents are each independently selected from one or more C2-C6 alkenyl and halogens.

[0006] A second aspect of the present invention provides an organic solar cell, wherein the active layer of the organic solar cell contains the above-described composition.

[0007] The inventors of this invention discovered that the performance of organic solar cells degrades when subjected to external mechanical impacts. The main reason for this is the susceptibility to microcracks and brittle fracture within the active layer, which disrupts the ordered molecular structure. This physical damage significantly inhibits exciton dissociation and charge transport, leading to a marked decrease in the photovoltaic performance of the device. To address this, the inventors have developed an active composition suitable for the active layer of organic solar cells. This composition effectively increases the inter-chain spacing of donor molecules, enhancing their mobility and enabling them to respond promptly to external mechanical forces. The composition of this invention significantly improves the mechanical properties of the active layer and the mechanical stability of the device, substantially suppressing the performance degradation of the battery under external forces. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 Examples 1 and Comparative Example 1 JV Line graph; Figure 2 The mechanical property curves of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are shown. Figure 3 For Example 4 and Comparative Example 1 JV Line graph; Figure 4 The mechanical property curves for Example 4 and Comparative Example 1 are shown below. Figure 5 For Example 5 and Comparative Example 1 JV Line graph; Figure 6 The mechanical property curves for Example 5 and Comparative Example 1 are shown below. Figure 7 For Example 6 and Comparative Example 1 JV Line graph; Figure 8 The mechanical property curves for Example 6 and Comparative Example 1 are shown below; Figure 9 For Example 7 and Comparative Example 1 JV Line graph; Figure 10 The mechanical property curves for Example 7 and Comparative Example 1 are shown below. Figure 11 For Example 8 and Comparative Example 1 JV Line graph; Figure 12 The mechanical property curves for Example 8 and Comparative Example 1 are shown. Figure 13 For Example 9 and Comparative Example 1 JV Line graph; Figure 14 The mechanical property curves for Example 9 and Comparative Example 1 are shown. Figure 15 For Example 10 and Comparative Example 1 JV Line graph; Figure 16 The graphs show the mechanical properties of Example 10 and Comparative Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0009] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

[0010] In this invention, each group is independently selected and represented. When each group appears simultaneously and in multiple places in the compound, they are chosen independently and can be the same or different. For example, although... The shown group has 4 R7s, but these 4 R7s can be selected independently; they can be the same or different.

[0011] In this invention, , , In structures with dashed connecting bonds, the dashed lines indicate the connection points and represent the connecting bonds; Equation (1) In structures with solid-lined connecting bonds, the solid lines outside the brackets that do not connect any groups or atoms also indicate the connection sites, representing connecting bonds.

[0012] In this invention, the C group is selected from 1-3 conjugated structures formed by alternating positive and negative reactions as shown in formula (2-d). The method of connecting these conjugated molecules in an alternating manner is illustrated by example: for instance, when two formulas (2-d) form a conjugated structure, as shown in the structural formula... The two carbon atoms connected by the dashed line share a structure between the two rings. The structure shown; when the three equations (2-d) are connected, as in the structural formula. The carbon atoms connected by the dashed lines share space between the rings to form the structural formula. The structure shown.

[0013] In this invention, the compound represented by formula (2) is a conjugated macromolecule, which means that the B group, C group and the compound in formula (2) are conjugated macromolecules. The three are conjugated structures with alternating positive and negative groups. The principle of alternating positive and negative groups is the same as the principle of forming the C group conjugated structure described above. For example, the B group is selected from formula (2-a), the C group is selected from one of formula (2-d), the two ends of the B group are respectively connected to one end of the two C groups, one end of the C group is connected to the B group, and the other end is connected to... Connected, such as in a structural form As shown, the two carbon atoms connected by the dashed line share a structure between the two rings. The structure shown will not be as structural as the formula. The general connection shown is similar to other cases, and will not be explained further here.

[0014] In this invention, "substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl group" means that the aryl group has 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and the H atoms on these carbon atoms may or may not be substituted by substituents; when substituted, the substituted H atoms may be one or more, and when multiple H atoms are substituted, they may be H atoms on the same carbon atom or H atoms on different carbon atoms. Other similar or identical expressions are analogous.

[0015] In this invention, the alkyl group in expressions such as "C1-C12 alkyl" and "C1-C6 alkyl" can be either a straight-chain alkyl group or a branched alkyl group. The same applies to other similar expressions; for example, the alkyl group in "C6-C20 aryl" can be either straight-chain or branched.

[0016] In this invention, the compound represented by formula (Z-1-1) contains "R" 1 = "" refers to all the R in the compound. 1 All for The same applies to other compounds with structures such as (Z-1-2), (Z-2-1), and (Z-3-1).

[0017] This invention provides an active composition for organic solar cells, the composition comprising an electron donor material, an electron acceptor material, and an active compound; said active compound is selected from one or more compounds shown in formula (Z-1), formula (Z-2), and formula (Z-3): Equation (Z-1) , Equation (Z-2) , Equation (Z-3) ; Among them, each R 1 Each R 2 and each R 3 Each is independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C12 alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl groups, and C2-C12 alkenyl groups. and One or more of them, R 4 R 5 R 6 and R 7 Each is independently selected from one or more alkylene groups of C1-C6, R 8 and R 9 Each is independently selected from one or more alkyl groups of C1-C6, R 10 The substituents are selected from one or more halogens, wherein the substituted C1-C12 alkyl and the substituted C6-C20 aryl substituents are each independently selected from one or more C2-C6 alkenyl and halogens.

[0018] According to the present invention, the inventors have discovered that by mixing a specific active compound, an electron donor material, and an electron acceptor material as a composition and applying it to the active layer of an organic solar cell, the interaction between the three materials can increase the molecular chain spacing of the macromolecular donor and enhance the molecular chain mobility, thereby significantly improving the mechanical properties and stability of the active layer. Furthermore, it can also enhance the carrier transport capability of the device, resulting in higher photoelectric efficiency. To better enable the three materials to work synergistically and further improve the mechanical properties and photoelectric efficiency of the device, the structure of the active compound can be further selected. Preferably, each R... 1 Each R 2 and each R 3 Each is independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C14 aryl groups, and C2-C6 alkenyl groups. and One or more of them, R 4 R 5 R 6 and R7 Each is independently selected from one or more alkylene groups of C1-C3, R 8 and R 9 Each is independently selected from one or more alkyl groups of C1-C3, R 10 The substituents are selected from one or more halogens, wherein the substituted C1-C6 alkyl and substituted C6-C14 aryl substituents are each independently selected from one or more C2-C4 alkenyl and halogens. More preferably, each R 1 Each R 2 and each R 3 Each is independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C3 alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl groups, and C2-C4 alkenyl groups. and One or more of them, R 4 R 5 R 6 and R 7 Each is independently selected from one or more alkylene groups of C1-C3, R 8 and R 9 Each is independently selected from one or more alkyl groups of C1-C3, R 10 The substituents are selected from one or more of F, Cl and Br, wherein the substituted C1-C3 alkyl and substituted C6-C10 aryl substituents are each independently selected from one or more of C2-C4 alkenyl, F, Cl and Br; More preferably, each R 1 Each R 2 and each R 3 Each is independently selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, , , phenyl, p-vinylphenyl, p-chlorophenyl, p-fluorophenyl, vinyl , , , , , , , , , ,and One or more of them.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each R 1 Simultaneously selected from substituted C1-C3 alkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C2-C4 alkenyl, and One or more of them, R4 R 5 R 6 and R 7 Each is independently selected from one or more alkylene groups of C1-C3, R 8 and R 9 Each is independently selected from one or more alkyl groups of C1-C3, R 10 The substituted C1-C3 alkyl group is selected from one or more of F, Cl, and Br, wherein the substituent is selected from one or more of F, Cl, and Br. More preferably, each R 1 Simultaneously selected from phenyl, , vinyl and One or more of them.

[0020] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each R 2 Simultaneously selected from substituted C1-C3 alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, and One or more of them, R 6 and R 7 Each is independently selected from one or more alkylene groups of C1-C3, R 8 and R 9 Each is independently selected from one or more alkyl groups of C1-C3, R 10 The substituted C1-C3 alkyl group is selected from one or more of F, Cl, and Br, and the substituted phenyl group is selected from one or more of C2-C4 alkenyl groups. More preferably, each R 2 Simultaneously selected from phenyl, p-vinylphenyl, and One or more of them.

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each R 3 Simultaneously selected from substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, C2-C4 alkenyl groups, and... One or more of them, R 4 and R 5 Each alkyl group is independently selected from one or more alkylene groups of C1-C3, and the substituents of the substituted phenyl groups are selected from one or more alkenyl groups of C2-C4. More preferably, each R 3 Simultaneously selected from phenyl, p-vinylphenyl, vinyl and One or more of them.

[0022] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the active compound is selected from one or more compounds represented by the following formula: , , , , , , , , , , , , .

[0023] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the active compound is selected from one or more compounds of formula (Z-2), wherein each R 2 The choice is as defined above. More preferably, the active compound is selected from one or more of formulas (Z-2-1), (Z-2-2), (Z-2-3), and (Z-2-4).

[0024] According to the present invention, the above-mentioned active compounds can be obtained commercially or prepared by methods known in the art as disclosed in the literature, for example, by the literature “Cheng Yuqiao, Feng Zhe, Niu Chunrong, Yang Yang, Lu Shuang, Zhao Wenhui. Research progress on design, synthesis and application of functional monomer cage-type polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes for oil displacement. Oil & Gas Geology and Recovery, 2020, 27(2): 87-97.”, “Wang, Hui, Nie, Ming-Xi, Lin, Xiong, Li, Xiang-Qian, Liu, Hao, Guo, Qing-Yun, Han, Di, Fu, Qiang (2024) Cage-rearranged and cage-intactsyntheses of azido-functionalized larger T10 and T12 POSSs. Dalton Transactions, 53 (22) 9467-9472”, “Zhang Guangya, Huang Guangsu, Zhang Dian, Synthesis and characterization of octaphenyl-substituted cage-type silsesquioxanes. Synthetic Rubber Industry, 2012-09-15,35(5): 343-346", "Lin, Xiong, Nie,Ming-Xi, Liu, Han, Zhou, Dai-Lin, Fu, Si-Rui, Zhang, Qin, Han, Di, Fu, Qiang(2024) Topology-Enabled Simultaneous Enhancement of Mechanical and HealableProperties in Glassy Polymeric Materials Using Larger POSS. Chemistry ofMaterials, 36 (1) 575-584", "Ming-Xi Nie, Jian Wang, Qin Zhang, Di Han, andQiang Fu, Achieving low dielectric constant and high thermal conductivitypolymer composites by using larger POSS functionalized boron nitridenanosheets, J. Mater. Chem.The materials were prepared using the methods described in "A, 2024, 12, 24214" and "Dai-Lin Zhou, Jiang-Hui Li, Qing-Yun Guo, Xiong Lin, Qin Zhang, Feng Chen, Di Han, and Qiang Fu, Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes Based Ultralow-k Materials: The Effect of Cage Size, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2102074."

[0025] According to the present invention, by adjusting the weight ratio of the macromolecular donor, the small molecule acceptor, and the active compound to a specific range, the three components can better synergize, thereby further enhancing the mechanical properties of the device, reducing performance degradation, and improving the photoelectric efficiency of the device. Preferably, the weight ratio of the electron donor material, the electron acceptor material, and the active compound is 1:1-1.4:0.02-0.12, more preferably 1:1.1-1.2:0.04-0.08, and for example, can be 1:1.2:0.06, 1:1.1:0.04, 1:1.2:0.08, and 1:1.1:0.06, or any range thereof.

[0026] According to the present invention, in order to obtain better results, the structures of the electron donor material and the electron acceptor material can be specifically selected. Preferably, the electron donor material is selected from one or more polymers containing repeating structural units as shown in formula (1): Equation (1) , Wherein, the A group is selected from one of the structures shown in formula (1-a), formula (1-b), and formula (1-c): , , ; The electron acceptor material is one or more of the conjugated macromolecules shown in formula (2): Equation (2) , In this structure, the B group and the C group form a conjugated structure; Group B is selected from one of the structures shown in formula (2-a), formula (2-b), and formula (2-c): , , ; The C group is selected from 1-3 conjugated structures shown in formula (2-d) or none: ; Group D is selected from the group shown in formula (2-e) or is absent: ; The E group is selected from the group shown in formula (2-f): ; Each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 is independently selected from H, C1-C30 alkyl, C6-C30 aryl and C1-C30 alkoxy or alkathioyl groups; each of X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8 and X9 is independently selected from O, S and Se; each of Y1, Y2 and Y3 is independently selected from H and halogen atoms.

[0027] More preferably, each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 is independently selected from H, C1-C20 alkyl, C6-C20 aryl and C1-C20 alkoxy or alkathioyl; each of X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8 and X9 is independently selected from O, S and Se; each of Y1, Y2 and Y3 is independently selected from H, F, Cl and Br.

[0028] More preferably, each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 is independently selected from H, C6-C12 alkyl, C6-C12 aryl and C6-C12 alkoxy or alkathioyl; each of X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8 and X9 is independently selected from O, S and Se; and each of Y1, Y2 and Y3 is independently selected from H, F and Cl.

[0029] Further preferably, each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 is independently selected from H, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-n-butyloctyl, n-hexoxy, 2-ethylhexoxy, n-nonoxy, n-undecyloxy, n-hexylthio, n-nonylthio, n-undecylthio, p-n-propylphenyl and p-n-hexylphenyl.

[0030] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electron donor material is selected from one or more polymers containing repeating structural units shown in formulas (1-1), (1-2), and (1-3): Equation (1-1) , Equation (1-2) , Equation (1-3) .

[0031] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electron donor material is selected from one or more polymers containing repeating structural units shown in formula (1-1-1), formula (1-2-1), and formula (1-3-1): Equation (1-1-1) , Equation (1-2-1) , Equation (1-3-1) ; Wherein, -C4H9 is n-butyl, -C6H 13 To establish a sound foundation for oneself.

[0032] According to the present invention, in order to obtain better photoelectric properties and stability, preferably, the weight-average molecular weight of the polymer containing the repeating structural unit shown in formula (1) is 10,000-200,000 g / mol, more preferably 20,000-180,000 g / mol, and even more preferably 30,000-150,000 g / mol (e.g., 35,000 g / mol, 40,000 g / mol, 50,000 g / mol, 80,000 g / mol, 100,000 g / mol, 120,000 g / mol, 140,000 g / mol, etc., and any range between these values). Preferably, the PDI (molecular weight distribution coefficient) of the polymer containing the repeating structural unit shown in formula (1) is 1-5, preferably 1-4, more preferably 1-3 (e.g., 1.2, 1.7, 2.3, 2.7, etc., and any range between these values).

[0033] According to the present invention, when the electron donor material is preferably a polymer containing repeating structural units as shown in formula (1-1), the polymer containing repeating structural units as shown in formula (1-1) more preferably has a weight-average molecular weight of 10,000-80,000 g / mol, more preferably 20,000-60,000 g / mol, and even more preferably 30,000-50,000 g / mol (for example, values ​​such as 26,000 g / mol, 38,000 g / mol, 45,000 g / mol, and any range thereof). Preferably, the PDI (molecular weight distribution coefficient) of the polymer containing repeating structural units as shown in formula (1-1) is 1-3, preferably 1-2.8, and more preferably 1-2.5 (for example, values ​​such as 1.2, 1.7, 2.1, 2.4, and any range thereof).

[0034] According to the present invention, when the electron donor material is preferably a polymer containing repeating structural units as shown in formula (1-2), the polymer containing repeating structural units as shown in formula (1-2) more preferably has a weight-average molecular weight of 20,000-180,000 g / mol, more preferably 40,000-160,000 g / mol, and even more preferably 60,000-140,000 g / mol (for example, 65,000 g / mol, 100,000 g / mol, 120,000 g / mol, etc., and any range between these values). Preferably, the PDI (molecular weight distribution coefficient) of the polymer containing repeating structural units as shown in formula (1-2) is 1-3, preferably 1-2.8, more preferably 1-2.5 (for example, 1.2, 1.7, 2.1, 2.4, etc., and any range between these values).

[0035] According to the present invention, when the electron donor material is preferably a polymer containing repeating structural units as shown in formulas (1-3), the weight-average molecular weight of the polymer containing repeating structural units as shown in formulas (1-3) is more preferably 10,000-80,000 g / mol, more preferably 20,000-60,000 g / mol, and even more preferably 30,000-50,000 g / mol (for example, values ​​such as 35,000 g / mol, 38,000 g / mol, 46,000 g / mol, and any range thereof). Preferably, the PDI (molecular weight distribution coefficient) of the polymer containing repeating structural units as shown in formulas (1-3) is 1-3, preferably 1-2.8, and more preferably 1-2.5 (for example, values ​​such as 1.2, 1.7, 2.1, 2.4, and any range thereof).

[0036] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electron acceptor material is selected from one or more compounds shown in formulas (2-1), (2-2), (2-3), (2-4), and (2-5): Equation (2-1) , Equation (2-2) , Equation (2-3) , Equation (2-4) , Equation (2-5) .

[0037] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electron acceptor material is selected from the compounds shown in formula (2-1-1) and / or the compounds shown in formula (2-1-2): Equation (2-1-1) , Equation (2-1-2) ; Wherein, -C4H9 is n-butyl; -C6H 13 For ortho-hexane; -C9H 19 It is the base of Zheng Ren.

[0038] According to the present invention, the polymer composed of repeating structural units shown in formula (1-1-1) is also called PM6; the polymer composed of repeating structural units shown in formula (1-2-1) is also called PTB7-Th; the polymer composed of repeating structural units shown in formula (1-3-1) is also called D18; the compound shown in formula (2-1-1) is also called BTP-eC9; and the compound shown in formula (2-1-2) is also called L8-BO.

[0039] The aforementioned organic compounds can be obtained commercially or prepared by conventional methods in the art as disclosed in the literature. For example, PM6 can be prepared by the method provided in the literature “Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 4655–4660”; PTB7-Th can be prepared by the method provided in the literature “Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 4766–4771”; D18 can be prepared by the method provided in the literature “Sci. Bull. 2020, 65, 272–275”; L8-BO can be prepared by the method provided in the literature “Nat. Energy 2021, 6, 605”; and BTP-eC9 can be prepared by the method provided in the literature “Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1908205”.

[0040] A second aspect of the present invention provides an organic solar cell, wherein the active layer of the organic solar cell contains the above-described composition.

[0041] According to the present invention, the organic solar cell further comprises other components, preferably, the organic solar cell further comprises a conductive substrate, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and a metal electrode.

[0042] According to the present invention, the structure of the organic solar cell can be a forward structure or a reverse structure. Preferably, when the organic solar cell is a forward structure, it includes, from bottom to top, a conductive substrate, a hole transport layer, an active layer, an electron transport layer, and a metal electrode; when the organic solar cell is a reverse structure, it includes, from bottom to top, a conductive substrate, an electron transport layer, an active layer, a hole transport layer, and a metal electrode.

[0043] According to the present invention, in order to obtain organic solar cells with better performance, the thickness of each layer can be adjusted. Preferably, the thickness of the electron transport layer is 1-50 nm, more preferably 5-30 nm, for example, it can be a value of 5 nm, 10 nm, 20 nm and 30 nm and any value between them.

[0044] Preferably, the thickness of the active layer is 80-120 nm, more preferably 100-110 nm, and can be, for example, 90 nm, 100 nm, 105 nm and 110 nm or any value between them.

[0045] Preferably, the thickness of the hole transport layer is 5-15 nm, more preferably 8-12 nm, for example, it can be 5 nm, 8 nm, 9 nm and 10 nm and any range between these values.

[0046] Preferably, the thickness of the metal electrode is 50-300 nm, more preferably 100-150 nm, for example, it can be 100 nm, 120 nm, 140 nm and 150 nm and any range between these values.

[0047] According to the present invention, the conductive substrate can be made of commonly used materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO). The hole transport material of the hole transport layer can be selected from commonly used materials such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid, molybdenum trioxide, and ethyl 2-[(2-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)amino]benzoate. The electron transport material of the electron transport layer can be selected from diphenylphosphine oxide, poly(9,9-bis(3'-( N , N -dimethyl)- N Commonly used materials include ethylaminopropyl-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)) dibromide and 2,9-bis(3-((3-(dimethylamino)propyl)amino)propyl)-3,3'-(1,3,8,10-tetrahesone[2,1,9-DEF:6,5,10-D'E'F']diisoquinoline. The material of the metal electrode can be selected from commonly used materials such as Ag and Al.

[0048] Among them, the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid can also be called PEDOT:PSS; the ethyl 2-[(2-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)amino]benzoate can also be called 2PACZ; the diphenylphosphine oxide can also be called DPO; the poly(9,9-bis(3'-( N , N -dimethyl)- N2,9-Ethylaminopropyl-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)) dibromide may also be referred to as PFN-Br; the 2,9-bis(3-((3-(dimethylamino)propyl)amino)propyl)-3,3'-(1,3,8,10-tetrahesone[2,1,9-DEF:6,5,10-D'E'F']diisoquinoline may also be referred to as PDINN. The above materials may be commercially available or prepared by conventional methods in the art as disclosed in the literature.

[0049] According to the present invention, the above-mentioned organic solar cell can be prepared by conventional methods in the art. In order to obtain an organic solar cell with better performance and properties, preferably, the preparation method of the organic solar cell includes: preparing an active layer containing the active composition for the organic solar cell.

[0050] According to the present invention, when the organic solar cell has a forward structure, preferably, the method for preparing the organic solar cell includes: spin-coating a hole transport material on the surface of a conductive substrate and performing a second annealing treatment to obtain a hole transport layer; spin-coating the active composition for the organic solar cell on the surface of the hole transport layer and performing a first annealing treatment to obtain an active layer; spin-coating an electron transport material on the surface of the active layer to obtain an electron transport layer; and vacuum-depositing a metal electrode material on the surface of the electron transport layer to obtain a metal electrode.

[0051] According to the present invention, when the organic solar cell is a reverse structure, preferably, the method for preparing the organic solar cell includes: spin-coating an electron transport material on the surface of a conductive substrate to obtain an electron transport layer; spin-coating the active composition for the organic solar cell on the surface of the electron transport layer and performing a first annealing treatment to obtain an active layer; spin-coating a hole transport material on the surface of the active layer and performing a second annealing treatment to obtain a hole transport layer; and vacuum-depositing a metal electrode material on the surface of the hole transport layer to obtain a metal electrode.

[0052] According to the present invention, in order to obtain a better active layer, preferably, the spin-coating conditions for the active composition for organic solar cells include: a rotation speed of 1000-3000 rpm and a time of 20-50 s. More preferably, the spin-coating conditions for the active composition for organic solar cells include: a rotation speed of 1500-2500 rpm (e.g., values ​​such as 1500 rpm, 1800 rpm, 2000 rpm, and 2500 rpm, and any range thereof), and a time of 25-40 s (e.g., values ​​such as 25 s, 30 s, 35 s, and 40 s, and any range thereof). The active composition for organic solar cells is typically provided in solution form, with a total concentration typically of 15-35 mg / mL, and the solvent may be selected from one or more commonly used solvents such as chlorobenzene, chloroform, 1,8-diiodooctane, methanol, and ethanol.

[0053] Preferably, the conditions for the first annealing treatment include: a temperature of 80-120°C and a time of 2-10 min. More preferably, the conditions for the first annealing treatment include: a temperature of 90-100°C (e.g., values ​​such as 90°C, 92°C, 95°C, and 100°C, or any range thereof), and a time of 5-8 min (e.g., values ​​such as 5 min, 6 min, 7 min, and 8 min, or any range thereof). The first annealing treatment is preferably performed in a non-reactive gas atmosphere, such as nitrogen and / or argon.

[0054] According to the present invention, in order to obtain a better hole transport layer, preferably, the conditions for spin-coating the hole transport material include: a rotation speed of 2000-4000 rpm and a time of 10-40 s. More preferably, the conditions for spin-coating the hole transport material include: a rotation speed of 2500-3500 rpm (e.g., values ​​such as 2500 rpm, 2800 rpm, 3000 rpm, and 3500 rpm, and any range thereof), and a time of 15-30 s (e.g., values ​​such as 15 s, 20 s, 25 s, and 30 s, and any range thereof). The hole transport material is typically provided in solution form, with a concentration typically of 0.1-0.5 mg / mL, and the solvent can be selected from one or more commonly used solvents such as chlorobenzene, chloroform, 1,8-diiodooctane, methanol, and ethanol.

[0055] Preferably, the conditions for the second annealing treatment include: a temperature of 80-150°C and a time of 1-15 min. More preferably, the conditions for the second annealing treatment include: a temperature of 90-120°C (e.g., values ​​such as 90°C, 100°C, 110°C, and 120°C, or any range thereof), and a time of 2-10 min (e.g., values ​​such as 2 min, 5 min, 8 min, and 10 min, or any range thereof). The second annealing treatment is preferably performed in a non-reactive gas atmosphere, such as nitrogen and / or argon.

[0056] According to the present invention, in order to obtain a better electron transport layer, preferably, the conditions for spin-coating the electron transport material include: a rotation speed of 2000-5000 rpm and a time of 10-40 s. More preferably, the conditions for spin-coating the electron transport material include: a rotation speed of 2000-4000 rpm (e.g., values ​​such as 2000 rpm, 2500 rpm, 3000 rpm, and 4000 rpm, and any range thereof), and a time of 15-30 s (e.g., values ​​such as 15 s, 20 s, 25 s, and 30 s, and any range thereof). The electron transport material is typically provided in solution form, with a concentration typically of 0.1-10 mg / mL, and the solvent can be selected from one or more commonly used solvents such as chlorobenzene, chloroform, 1,8-diiodooctane, methanol, and ethanol.

[0057] According to the present invention, in order to obtain a better metal electrode, preferably, the process of vacuum evaporating the metal electrode material includes: at 0.5 × 10⁻⁶... -4 Up to 5×10 -4 Under a vacuum of mbar, the metal electrode is first deposited at a rate of 0.1-0.3 Å / s to a thickness of 5-10 nm, and then deposited at a rate of 1-2 Å / s to the target thickness.

[0058] The inventors of this invention discovered that the performance of organic solar cells degrades when subjected to external mechanical impacts. The main reason for this is the susceptibility to microcracks and brittle fracture within the active layer, which disrupts the ordered molecular structure. This physical damage significantly inhibits exciton dissociation and charge transport, leading to a marked decrease in the photovoltaic performance of the device. To address this, the inventors have developed an active composition suitable for the active layer of organic solar cells. This composition effectively increases the inter-chain spacing of donor molecules, enhancing their mobility and enabling them to respond promptly to external mechanical forces. The composition of this invention significantly improves the mechanical properties of the active layer and the mechanical stability of the device, substantially suppressing the performance degradation of the battery under external forces.

[0059] The present invention will be described in detail below through embodiments.

[0060] In the following examples, all the apparatus used are conventional in the art, all the operations performed are conventional in the art, and all the raw materials and reagents used are commercially available. The electron donor materials PM6 (weight-average molecular weight 38600 g / mol, PDI 2) and D18 (weight-average molecular weight 48500 g / mol, PDI 2.1), the electron acceptor materials BTP-eC9 and L8-BO, the hole transport material 2PACZ, and the electron transport material PDINN were all purchased from Jiaxing Hepu Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. Compounds of formula (Z-2-1), (Z-2-2), (Z-2-3), (Z-2-4), (Z-1-1), and (Z-3-1) are referenced in the literature “Cheng Yuqiao, Feng Zhe, Niu Chunrong, Yang Yang, Lu Shuang, Zhao Wenhui. Research progress on the design, synthesis and application of functional monomer cage-type polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes for oil displacement. Oil & Gas Geology and Recovery, 2020, 27(2): 87-97” and “Wang, Hui, Nie, Ming-Xi, Lin, Xiong, Li, Xiang-Qian, Liu, Hao, Guo, Qing-Yun, Han, Di, Fu, Qiang (2024) Cage-rearranged and cage-intact syntheses of azido-functionalized larger T10 and T12 POSSs. Dalton Transactions, 53 (22)”. 9467-9472”, Zhang Guangya, Huang Guangsu, Zhang Dian, Synthesis and characterization of octaphenyl-substituted cage-like silsesquioxanes. Synthetic Rubber Industry, 2012-09-15, 35(5): 343-346”, Lin, Xiong, Nie, Ming-Xi, Liu, Han, Zhou, Dai-Lin, Fu, Si-Rui, Zhang, Qin, Han, Di, Fu, Qiang (2024) Topology-Enabled Simultaneous Enhancement of Mechanical and Healable Properties in Glassy Polymeric Materials Using Larger POSS.Chemistry of Materials, 36 (1) 575-584", "Ming-Xi Nie, Jian Wang, Qin Zhang, Di Han, and Qiang Fu, Achieving low dielectric constant and high thermalconductivity polymer composites by using larger POSS functionalized boronnitride nanosheets, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 24214" and "Dai-Lin Prepared by the method provided in Zhou, Jiang-Hui Li, Qing-Yun Guo, Xiong Lin, Qin Zhang, Feng Chen, Di Han, andQiang Fu, Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes Based Ultralow-k Materials: The Effect of Cage Size, Adv. Funct. Mater.2021, 31, 2102074.

[0061] The ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) glass (purchased from Shenzhen Huanan Xiangcheng Technology Co., Ltd.) was first cleaned with detergent, then ultrasonically cleaned with deionized water, acetone, and isopropanol in sequence. After drying, it was placed in an ozone cleaner for further processing. The detailed cleaning process will not be described in the following examples.

[0062] Example 1 This embodiment illustrates the fabrication of a forward-structured organic solar cell.

[0063] (1) Dissolve 0.27 mg of 2PACZ in 1 mL of ethanol. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, spin coat the resulting solution onto an ITO glass surface at 3000 rpm for 30 s and anneal at 100 °C for 10 min to form a 2PACZ hole transport layer with a thickness of 10 nm.

[0064] (2) Dissolve 7 mg of PM6, 8.4 mg of L8-BO and 0.42 mg of the compound shown in formula (Z-2-1) in 1 mL of a mixed solvent of 1,8-diiodooctane and chloroform (the content of 1,8-diiodooctane is 0.3 vol%). Under a nitrogen atmosphere, spin-coat the resulting solution on the surface of the hole transport layer at 1800 rpm for 40 s and anneal at 100 °C for 5 min to form an active layer with a thickness of 100 nm.

[0065] (3) Dissolve 1 mg of PDINN in 1 mL of methanol, and spin-coat the resulting solution on the surface of the active layer at 3000 rpm for 30 s to form an electron transport layer with a thickness of 10 nm.

[0066] (4) In 2×10 -4 In a vacuum environment of mbar, Ag electrodes were first deposited on the surface of the electron transport layer at a rate of 0.2 Å / s to a thickness of 7 nm, and then Ag electrodes were deposited again at a rate of 1.5 Å / s to a thickness of 150 nm to obtain an organic solar cell.

[0067] Example 2 (1) Dissolve 0.32 mg of 2PACZ in 1 mL of methanol. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, spin coat the resulting solution onto an ITO glass surface at 3500 rpm for 20 s and anneal at 120 °C for 5 min to form a 2PACZ hole transport layer with a thickness of 8 nm.

[0068] (2) Dissolve 7 mg of D18, 7.7 mg of L8-BO and 0.3 mg of the compound shown in formula (Z-2-1) in 1 mL of a mixed solvent of 1,8-diiodooctane and chloroform (the content of 1,8-diiodooctane is 0.3 vol%). Under a nitrogen atmosphere, spin-coat the resulting solution on the surface of the hole transport layer at 2000 rpm for 30 s and anneal at 90 °C for 8 min to form an active layer with a thickness of 110 nm.

[0069] (3) Dissolve 1.5 mg of PDINN in 1 mL of methanol, and spin coat the resulting solution onto the surface of the active layer at 4000 rpm for 20 s to form an electron transport layer with a thickness of 15 nm.

[0070] (4) In 3×10 -4 In a vacuum environment of mbar, Ag electrodes were first deposited on the surface of the electron transport layer at a rate of 0.1 Å / s to a thickness of 10 nm, and then Ag electrodes were deposited again at a rate of 2 Å / s to a thickness of 150 nm to obtain an organic solar cell.

[0071] Example 3 (1) Dissolve 0.45 mg of 2PACZ in 1 mL of ethanol. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, spin coat the resulting solution onto an ITO glass surface at 2500 rpm for 25 s and anneal at 90 °C for 10 min to form a 2PACZ hole transport layer with a thickness of 12 nm.

[0072] (2) Dissolve 7 mg of PM6, 8.4 mg of BTP-eC9 and 0.56 mg of the compound shown in formula (Z-2-1) in 1 mL of a mixed solvent of 1,8-diiodooctane and chloroform (the content of 1,8-diiodooctane is 0.3 vol%). Under a nitrogen atmosphere, spin-coat the resulting solution on the surface of the hole transport layer at 2200 rpm for 35 s and anneal at 100 °C for 8 min to form an active layer with a thickness of 95 nm.

[0073] (3) Dissolve 2 mg of PDINN in 1 mL of ethanol, and spin coat the resulting solution onto the surface of the active layer at 3500 rpm for 30 s to form an electron transport layer with a thickness of 18 nm.

[0074] (4) In 1×10 -4 In a vacuum environment of mbar, Ag electrodes were first deposited on the surface of the electron transport layer at a rate of 0.3 Å / s to a thickness of 5 nm, and then Ag electrodes were deposited again at a rate of 1 Å / s to a thickness of 150 nm to obtain an organic solar cell.

[0075] Example 4 According to the method of Example 1, the difference is that in step (2), the amount of the compound shown in formula (Z-2-1) is 0.14 mg, so that the weight ratio of PM6, L8-BO and POSS is 1:1.2:0.02, and finally an organic solar cell is obtained.

[0076] Example 5 According to the method of Example 1, the difference is that in step (2), the amount of the compound shown in formula (Z-2-1) is 0.84 mg, so that the weight ratio of PM6, L8-BO and POSS is 1:1.2:0.12, and finally an organic solar cell is obtained.

[0077] Example 6 According to the method of Example 1, the difference is that in step (2), the compound shown in formula (Z-2-1) is replaced with the compound shown in formula (Z-2-2), and finally an organic solar cell is obtained.

[0078] Example 7 According to the method of Example 1, the difference is that in step (2), the compound shown in formula (Z-2-1) is replaced with the compound shown in formula (Z-2-3) to finally obtain an organic solar cell.

[0079] Example 8 According to the method of Example 1, the difference is that in step (2), the compound shown in formula (Z-2-1) is replaced with the compound shown in formula (Z-2-4), and finally an organic solar cell is obtained.

[0080] Example 9 According to the method of Example 1, the difference is that in step (2), the compound shown in formula (Z-2-1) is replaced with the compound shown in formula (Z-1-1), and finally an organic solar cell is obtained.

[0081] Example 10 According to the method of Example 1, the difference is that in step (2), the compound shown in formula (Z-2-1) is replaced with the compound shown in formula (Z-3-1) to finally obtain an organic solar cell.

[0082] Comparative Example 1 The method of Example 1 is different except that in step (2), the compound shown in formula (Z-2-1) is not added, and an organic solar cell is finally obtained.

[0083] Test case Using the SS-X50 solar simulator from Guangyan Technology Co., Ltd. and an AM1.5G solar spectral filter, at 100mW / cm²... –2 The photovoltaic performance of the device was tested under light intensity. The light intensity was calibrated using a standard polycrystalline silicon solar cell (SRC2020).

[0084] Current density - voltage ( J - V The curve was measured using a Keysight B2901B source meter in a glove box under a nitrogen atmosphere. J - V The curves extract parameters such as short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0085] Mechanical properties were obtained from the stress-strain curves of the active layer film. A transverse tensile load of 0.5 mm / min was applied to the film using an underwater tensile testing apparatus.

[0086] Among them, Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 JV Curves Figure 1 As shown; the mechanical property curves of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are as follows. Figure 2 As shown. Example 4 and Comparative Example 1 JV Curves Figure 3 As shown; the mechanical property curves of Example 4 and Comparative Example 1 are as follows. Figure 4 As shown. Example 5 and Comparative Example 1 JV Curves Figure 5As shown; the mechanical property curves of Example 5 and Comparative Example 1 are as follows. Figure 6 As shown. Example 6 and Comparative Example 1 JV Curves Figure 7 As shown; the mechanical property curves of Example 6 and Comparative Example 1 are as follows. Figure 8 As shown. Example 7 and Comparative Example 1 JV Curves Figure 9 As shown; the mechanical property curves of Example 7 and Comparative Example 1 are as follows. Figure 10 As shown. Example 8 and Comparative Example 1 JV Curves Figure 11 As shown; the mechanical property curves of Example 8 and Comparative Example 1 are as follows. Figure 12 As shown. Example 9 and Comparative Example 1 JV Curves Figure 13 As shown; the mechanical property curves of Example 9 and Comparative Example 1 are as follows. Figure 14 As shown. Example 10 and Comparative Example 1 JV Curves Figure 15 As shown; the mechanical property curves of Example 10 and Comparative Example 1 are as follows. Figure 16 As shown.

[0087] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0088] Table 1

[0089] As can be seen from Table 1, Examples 1-10 using the technical solution of the present invention are superior to Comparative Example 1 in terms of photoelectric conversion efficiency, elongation at break, and toughness. This indicates that the technical solution of the present invention can significantly improve the mechanical properties of organic solar cells, while also synergistically improving photoelectric efficiency to a certain extent.

[0090] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above; however, the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the inventive concept, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable manner. These simple modifications and combinations should also be considered as the content disclosed in the present invention and are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An active composition for organic solar cells, characterized in that, The composition comprises an electron donor material, an electron acceptor material, and an active compound; said active compound is selected from one or more of the compounds shown in formula (Z-1), formula (Z-2), and formula (Z-3): Equation (Z-1) , Equation (Z-2) , Equation (Z-3) ; Among them, each R 1 Each R 2 and each R 3 Each is independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C12 alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl groups, and C2-C12 alkenyl groups. and One or more of them, R 4 R 5 R 6 and R 7 Each is independently selected from one or more alkylene groups of C1-C6, R 8 and R 9 Each alkyl group is independently selected from one or more of C1-C6 alkyl groups, R 10 The substituents are selected from one or more halogens, wherein the substituted C1-C12 alkyl group and the substituted C6-C20 aryl group are each independently selected from one or more C2-C6 alkenyl groups and halogens.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein, Each R 1 Each R 2 and each R 3 Each is independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C14 aryl groups, and C2-C6 alkenyl groups. and One or more of them, R 4 R 5 R 6 and R 7 Each is independently selected from one or more alkylene groups of C1-C3, R 8 and R 9 Each is independently selected from one or more alkyl groups of C1-C3, R 10 The substituents are selected from one or more halogens, wherein the substituted C1-C6 alkyl and substituted C6-C14 aryl substituents are each independently selected from one or more C2-C4 alkenyl and halogens. Preferably, each R 1 Each R 2 and each R 3 Each is independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C3 alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl groups, and C2-C4 alkenyl groups. and One or more of them, R 4 R 5 R 6 and R 7 Each is independently selected from one or more alkylene groups of C1-C3, R 8 and R 9 Each is independently selected from one or more alkyl groups of C1-C3, R 10 The substituents are selected from one or more of F, Cl and Br, wherein the substituted C1-C3 alkyl and substituted C6-C10 aryl substituents are each independently selected from one or more of C2-C4 alkenyl, F, Cl and Br; More preferably, each R 1 Each R 2 and each R 3 Each is independently selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, , , phenyl, p-vinylphenyl, p-chlorophenyl, p-fluorophenyl, vinyl , , , , , , , , , ,and One or more of them.

3. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The active compound is selected from one or more compounds shown in the following formula: 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 。 4. The composition according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The weight ratio of the electron donor material, the electron acceptor material, and the active compound is 1:1-1.4:0.02-0.12, preferably 1:1.1-1.2:0.04-0.

08.

5. The composition according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The electron donor material is selected from one or more polymers containing repeating structural units as shown in formula (1): Equation (1) , Wherein, the A group is selected from one of the structures shown in formula (1-a), formula (1-b), and formula (1-c): 、 、 ； The electron acceptor material is one or more of the conjugated macromolecules shown in formula (2): Equation (2) , In this structure, the B group and the C group form a conjugated structure; Group B is selected from one of the structures shown in formula (2-a), formula (2-b), and formula (2-c): 、 、 ； The C group is selected from 1-3 conjugated structures shown in formula (2-d) or none: ； Group D is selected from the group shown in formula (2-e) or is absent: ； The E group is selected from the group shown in formula (2-f): ； Each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 is independently selected from H, C1-C30 alkyl, C6-C30 aryl and C1-C30 alkoxy or alkathioyl groups; each of X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8 and X9 is independently selected from O, S and Se; each of Y1, Y2 and Y3 is independently selected from H and halogen atoms.

6. The composition according to claim 5, wherein, Each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9 is independently selected from H, C1-C20 alkyl, C6-C20 aryl, and C1-C20 alkoxy or alkathioyl groups; each of X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8, and X9 is independently selected from O, S, and Se; each of Y1, Y2, and Y3 is independently selected from H, F, Cl, and Br. Preferably, each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9 is independently selected from H, C6-C12 alkyl, C6-C12 aryl, and C6-C12 alkoxy or alkathioyl groups; each of X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8, and X9 is independently selected from O, S, and Se; and each of Y1, Y2, and Y3 is independently selected from H, F, and Cl. More preferably, each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 is independently selected from H, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-n-butyloctyl, n-hexoxy, 2-ethylhexoxy, n-nonoxy, n-undecyloxy, n-hexylthio, n-nonylthio, n-undecylthio, p-n-propylphenyl and p-n-hexylphenyl.

7. The composition according to claim 5 or 6, wherein, The weight-average molecular weight of polymers containing repeating structural units as shown in formula (1) is 10,000-200,000 g / mol, and the PDI is 1-5. Preferably, the electron donor material is selected from one or more polymers containing repeating structural units shown in formulas (1-1), (1-2), and (1-3): Equation (1-1) , Equation (1-2) , Equation (1-3) ; Preferably, the polymer containing the repeating structural unit shown in formula (1-1) has a weight-average molecular weight of 10,000-80,000 g / mol and a PDI of 1-3; the polymer containing the repeating structural unit shown in formula (1-2) has a weight-average molecular weight of 20,000-180,000 g / mol and a PDI of 1-3; and the polymer containing the repeating structural unit shown in formula (1-3) has a weight-average molecular weight of 10,000-80,000 g / mol and a PDI of 1-3. Preferably, the electron donor material is selected from one or more polymers containing repeating structural units shown in formula (1-1-1), formula (1-2-1), and formula (1-3-1): Equation (1-1-1) , Equation (1-2-1) , Equation (1-3-1) ; Wherein, -C4H9 is n-butyl, -C6H 13 To establish a sound foundation for oneself.

8. The composition according to any one of claims 5-7, wherein, The electron acceptor material is selected from one or more compounds shown in formulas (2-1), (2-2), (2-3), (2-4), and (2-5): Equation (2-1) , Equation (2-2) , Equation (2-3) , Equation (2-4) , Equation (2-5) ; Preferably, the electron acceptor material is selected from the compounds shown in formula (2-1-1) and / or the compounds shown in formula (2-1-2): Equation (2-1-1) , Equation (2-1-2) ; Wherein, -C4H9 is n-butyl; -C6H 13 For ortho-hexane; -C9H 19 It is the base of Zheng Ren.

9. An organic solar cell, characterized in that, The active layer of the organic solar cell contains the composition according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. The organic solar cell according to claim 9, wherein, The organic solar cell further comprises a conductive substrate, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and a metal electrode; Preferably, when the organic solar cell has a forward structure, it comprises, from bottom to top, a conductive substrate, a hole transport layer, an active layer, an electron transport layer, and a metal electrode; when the organic solar cell has a reverse structure, it comprises, from bottom to top, a conductive substrate, an electron transport layer, an active layer, a hole transport layer, and a metal electrode. Preferably, the thickness of the active layer is 80-120 nm, and more preferably 100-110 nm.

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