Salt cavern compressed air dehumidification and preheating flexible integration system

Abstract

The present application relates to compressed air energy storage technology field, disclose a kind of salt cavern compressed air dehumidification preheating flexible integrated system, including multistage gas-liquid-solid separation unit, low-temperature preheating heat exchange unit, corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit and intelligent control unit;Multistage gas-liquid-solid separation unit is connected to salt cavern output pipeline, and the multiphase separation of high-pressure impurity-containing fluid is executed;Low-temperature preheating heat exchange unit is heated to above the instantaneous pressure dew point temperature of gas phase fluid after removing impurities, prevent pipe wall to precipitate free water and cause electrochemical corrosion;Corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit is equipped with internal heat exchange tube bundle and bypass pipeline with regulating valve, and intelligent control unit controls the flow distribution ratio of fluid between two routes by regulating valve and carries out end blending.The present application solves the problems of pipe network mechanical blockage, electrochemical corrosion and downstream equipment icing in the process of salt cavern energy release exhaust by gradient impurity removal, dew point preheating, bypass shunting and corrosion and blockage interlock control combined with sensing data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of compressed air energy storage technology, specifically to a flexible integrated system for dehumidifying and preheating compressed air in a salt cavern. Background Technology

[0002] Salt cavern compressed air energy storage system is a physical energy storage technology that uses underground salt mine caverns as large-capacity gas storage tanks. During the energy release phase of the system, the high-pressure air stored in the underground salt cavern is released to the ground pipeline network, heated and then introduced into the expander to generate electricity, thereby realizing the conversion and output of energy.

[0003] Due to the geological characteristics of underground salt rock layers and the long-term gas storage and interaction, when high-pressure air is exhausted and released, the gas phase fluid will carry mud and sand particles, free water, and high concentrations of salt mist. During the transmission of this multiphase mixed fluid through the ground pipeline network, water and salt will precipitate and crystallize on the inner walls of pipes and heat exchangers, which will reduce the effective flow cross-sectional area of ​​the internal flow channels and cause flow channel blockage. At the same time, the salt-containing liquid film adhering to the metal surface contains a high concentration of chloride ions. This component will destroy the passivation film on the metal surface and cause electrochemical pitting corrosion, resulting in corrosion damage to the pressure-bearing pipelines and heat exchange tube bundle substrates, affecting the service life of the equipment.

[0004] High-pressure air must be preheated before entering the downstream expander to compensate for the temperature drop during gas expansion. However, in actual operation, the energy release load of the energy storage system needs to be frequently adjusted according to external dispatch instructions, and the flow rate and pressure of the gaseous medium in the pipeline network are in a dynamic state. Traditional fixed-structure heat exchange systems are difficult to achieve dynamic and flexible heat distribution under variable load conditions. When the system is under low load or the heat source side fluctuates, if the fluid preheating temperature does not reach the safety threshold, the airflow will depressurize and expand inside the expander, causing the terminal temperature to drop below the physical antifreeze boundary, resulting in icing of the flow channel and damage to the blades. In addition, existing pipeline systems usually lack targeted data monitoring and mechanical linkage intervention methods when dealing with conditions such as high salt entrainment in the fluid and sudden intensification of corrosion inside the equipment, making it difficult to meet the anti-corrosion, anti-clogging, and safety control requirements of the system under complex operating conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a flexible integrated system for dehumidifying and preheating compressed air in salt caverns. This system solves the problems of pipeline corrosion and blockage caused by impurities in the compressed air during energy release and exhaust, as well as the freezing and damage to the terminal expander under variable load conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a flexible integrated system for dehumidifying and preheating compressed air in salt caverns, comprising a multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit, a low-temperature preheating heat exchange unit, a corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit, and an intelligent control unit.

[0008] The multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit is configured to connect to the output pipeline of the salt cavern block and perform multi-phase separation on the high-pressure compressed air containing impurities. The low-temperature preheating heat exchange unit has an internal tube-side flow channel connecting to the outlet of the multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit and an external shell-side flow channel for introducing an external heat source. It is configured to receive the gas phase fluid after impurities have been removed and perform heat exchange and temperature rise operations. The corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit has an internal heat exchange tube bundle and an external bypass pipeline with a regulating valve. It is configured to perform secondary heating and heat exchange through the internal heat exchange tube bundle, and the regulating valve controls the proportional flow state of the fluid between the two paths. The intelligent control unit is used to read data from the distributed sensor nodes of the system and to continuously regulate the frequency of the system's sewage discharge and the distribution of heat exchange fluid at each stage.

[0009] Furthermore, the multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit has a cyclone pre-separator, a corrugated plate dewatering device, and a wire mesh trap filter connected in series, and pressure transmitters are installed at both ends of its fluid inlet and outlet pipelines; the cyclone pre-separator is equipped with a gas backflush solenoid valve on its side wall, and a slag discharge control valve controlled by an intelligent control unit is installed at the bottom slag discharge port; an ion sensor is installed inside the bottom liquid collection tank of the corrugated plate dewatering device, and a drain valve controlled by an intelligent control unit is installed at the discharge port.

[0010] Furthermore, the cyclone pre-separator receives gaseous fluid with tangential air intake and forms a downward rotating forced vortex in the internal flow channel. Solid materials larger than the critical separation particle size settle to the bottom discharge port under the action of centrifugal force. The corrugated plate dewatering device is internally arranged with a corrugated baffle channel. When the fluid is deflected, the droplets break away from the mainstream line and collide with the wall, liquefying and sliding into the collection tank. The wire mesh trap filter is internally equipped with a multi-layer stainless steel wire mesh structure with an interlaced arrangement, which performs surface adsorption interception and merging sedimentation of residual small droplets. Through the above series structure, solid particles, free liquid water and small droplets in the fluid are separated and removed in sequence.

[0011] Furthermore, the system's distributed sensing nodes include pressure sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors configured on the inlet pipe of the low-temperature preheating heat exchange unit, as well as a temperature sensor configured at the end of the pipe. The intelligent control unit is equipped with a property calculation algorithm program, which extracts the absolute pressure value, actual temperature value, and relative humidity value at the inlet, generates intermediate state variables through calculation, and calculates the instantaneous pressure dew point temperature of the current gaseous fluid. Based on this instantaneous pressure dew point temperature, the heat source control valve at the inlet of the outer shell-side flow channel of the low-temperature preheating heat exchange unit is adjusted to heat the gaseous fluid temperature and maintain it above the instantaneous pressure dew point temperature. This ensures that the gaseous fluid entering the subsequent pipeline network is above the dew point temperature, avoids the precipitation of free liquid water on the inner wall of the pipeline network, and thus reduces the risk of metal electrochemical corrosion dominated by chloride ions.

[0012] Furthermore, the intelligent control unit is equipped with a mechanical blockage detection module, which reads the pressure transmitter signals at both ends of the multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit to calculate the actual pressure difference value and compares the actual pressure difference value with the dynamic resistance benchmark value calculated based on the inlet gas phase fluid velocity. When the actual pressure difference value exceeds the set mechanical blockage alarm tolerance range, the intelligent control unit sends an opening electrical signal to the gas backflushing solenoid valve and the slag discharge control valve to perform backflushing and increase the operation frequency of the slag discharge control valve. By comparing the actual pressure difference with the resistance benchmark value, it determines whether there is salt particle adhesion blockage in the internal flow channel. When blockage is detected, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel is restored through hardware linkage.

[0013] Furthermore, the intelligent control unit is equipped with a sewage intervention module, which reads the chloride ion concentration parameter of the condensate fed back by the ion sensor inside the collection tank. When the chloride ion concentration parameter exceeds the set warning concentration threshold, the intelligent control unit changes the initial time control sequence of the steam trap and shortens the sewage discharge waiting time interval of the steam trap by using an exponential decay function model. This step uses the chloride ion concentration in the condensate to indirectly reflect the degree of salt entrainment by the airflow. When the salt concentration is too high, the sewage discharge interval is shortened to quickly empty the liquid medium inside the collection tank and prevent the phenomenon of droplets splashing with the airflow caused by the high liquid level.

[0014] Furthermore, the corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit includes an isolation shut-off valve located at the front end of the internal heat exchange tube bundle and controlled by an intelligent control unit, as well as an electrochemical resistance probe system configured on the inner wall of the pipe network, and the internal heat exchange tube bundle is provided with a layer of anti-corrosion material.

[0015] Furthermore, the intelligent control unit includes a data acquisition module, a PID control module, and a fault diagnosis module. The PID control module converts the current load parameters received by the system into flow ratio coefficients and outputs opening deflection commands to the regulating valve on the bypass pipeline to change the cross-sectional area ratio of the airflow channels entering the bypass pipeline and entering the corrosion-resistant heat exchanger main unit. It also performs closed-loop fine-tuning based on the deviation between the actual terminal temperature value after the two fluids are mixed and the theoretical mixed exhaust temperature. By adjusting the opening of the bypass valve, the flow ratio of the gas phase fluids participating in secondary heating and maintaining the preheating state is changed, thereby meeting the gas supply temperature requirements after terminal mixing when the system load changes.

[0016] Furthermore, the fault diagnosis module continuously monitors the metal wall corrosion data fed back by the electrochemical resistance probe system and performs time-dimension differentiation on the raw data stream of metal loss to obtain the instantaneous corrosion depth change rate of the inner wall of the pipeline. When the instantaneous corrosion depth change rate reaches the set allowable threshold, the intelligent control unit triggers a hardware interlock protection command, which shuts down the isolation shut-off valve at the front end of the corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit and drives the regulating valve to deflect to the fully open state. When the corrosion rate inside the pipe is detected to exceed the standard, the gas phase fluid channel entering the high-temperature heat exchange tube bundle is directly cut off, allowing the corrosive fluid to flow out from the bypass pipe, thus avoiding continuous damage to the core heat exchange components.

[0017] Furthermore, the intelligent control unit stores the lower limit of the intake temperature threshold for the expander's safe operating range. This lower limit is derived by inversely from the ratio of the absolute temperature of the safe exhaust gas set for anti-icing blockage at the expander's exhaust end to the pressure drop ratio of the gas phase fluid. When the actual temperature at the end of the two fluid mixture is lower than the lower limit of the intake temperature threshold, the PID control module outputs a control command to the control valve to reduce the bypass opening, thereby increasing the proportion of gas phase fluid entering the heat exchange tube bundle inside the corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit for secondary heating. By establishing an evaluation benchmark for the lower limit of the expander's inlet temperature, the flow rate of the main heat exchange path is increased when the mixing temperature is too low, to avoid internal icing or freezing blockage during the expander's operation due to excessively low temperature.

[0018] This invention provides a flexible integrated system for dehumidifying and preheating compressed air in salt caverns. It offers the following advantages: 1. This invention separates the impurity-laden compressed air into solid and liquid phases by setting up a multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit, and combines it with a low-temperature preheating heat exchange unit to heat the impurity-removed gas phase fluid to above the instantaneous pressure dew point temperature calculated in real time. Based on the initial stripping of moisture and salt particles, the above structure ensures that the gas phase fluid is in a dry environment when it enters the subsequent main pipeline network through primary temperature compensation, avoiding the precipitation of free liquid water on the surface of the metal pipe wall, and physically blocking the chloride ion pitting corrosion reaction caused by high-pressure salt-containing gas, thereby reducing the electrochemical corrosion rate of the pipeline network.

[0019] 2. This invention, by setting a bypass pipeline with a regulating valve in parallel outside the corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit, and combining the closed-loop logic of the intelligent control unit, performs proportional flow division and terminal mixing control of the gas phase medium; based on the current operating load parameters and the set lower limit of the downstream expander access temperature threshold, the system continuously changes the mass flow ratio between the main heat exchange tube bundle and the cold bypass flow path through the regulating valve, so that even when the gas source output pressure changes or the system switches the work load, the temperature of the final confluence output airflow is maintained above the equipment antifreeze boundary, preventing blade icing and flow channel blockage in the downstream work expansion equipment.

[0020] 3. This invention acquires the pressure difference of the separation equipment, the ion concentration of condensate in the collection tank, and the rate of change of corrosion depth on the pipe network wall through distributed sensing nodes, and constructs an interlocking intervention logic for mechanical blockage and abnormal corrosion. When the system pressure difference exceeds the standard, the slag discharge control valve is linked to perform backflushing slag discharge. When the ion concentration exceeds the limit, the sewage discharge interval is automatically shortened to suppress liquid splashing. When the instantaneous corrosion rate reaches the design allowable threshold, the front valve of the heat exchange tube bundle is forcibly closed and the bypass pipeline is fully opened. This design binds the physical state parameters of the equipment operation with the mechanical action of the valve. When salt particles accumulate on the wall of the flow channel or high-concentration corrosive media invade, the sewage discharge cycle can be automatically reset or the core heat exchange components can be physically isolated to ensure the safety of the integrated system operation. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the salt cavern compressed air dehumidification and preheating flexible integrated system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the integrated system operation method of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation and purification process of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fluid state parameter extraction and instantaneous pressure dew point calculation process of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the secondary heat exchange and terminal antifreeze temperature evaluation process of the main tube bundle of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the differential pressure anti-blocking linkage and ion concentration sewage discharge intervention control process of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the flow distribution control and corrosion interlock intervention under variable load conditions according to the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the logic control structure for implementing gas phase fluid flow distribution and corrosion interlock intervention in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the comparison curves of pipeline operating pressure difference before and after the anti-blocking intervention of the present invention. Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the control effect curve of the outlet temperature of the preheating heat exchange unit of the present invention dynamically tracking the instantaneous pressure dew point; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic response curve of the closed-loop regulation of the terminal mixed exhaust temperature under varying operating conditions according to the present invention. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the multivariate linkage curve of the hardware interlocking intervention process triggered by the instantaneous corrosion rate exceeding the limit in this invention.

[0022] The components include: 1. Salt cavern block; 2. Cyclone pre-separator; 3. Corrugated plate dewatering device; 4. Wire mesh trap filter; 5. Low temperature preheating heat exchange unit; 6. Corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit; 7. Intelligent control unit; 8. Bypass pipeline; 9. Regulating valve; 10. Expander; 11. Slag discharge port; 12. Liquid collection tank; 13. Drain valve; 14. Heat source regulating valve; and 15. Slag discharge control valve. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] See attached document Figure 1 The present invention provides a flexible integrated system for dehumidification and preheating of compressed air in salt caverns. The system includes: a multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit, a low-temperature preheating heat exchange unit 5, a corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit 6, and an intelligent control unit 7.

[0025] The multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit has a cyclone pre-separator 2, a corrugated plate dehydrator 3, and a wire mesh trap filter 4 connected in series. Pressure transmitters are installed at both ends of the fluid inlet and outlet pipelines. The cyclone pre-separator 2 is equipped with a backflush solenoid valve connected to an external instrument air network on its side wall. A slag discharge control valve 15 controlled by the intelligent control unit 7 is installed at the bottom slag discharge port 11. An ion sensor is installed inside the bottom liquid collection tank 12 of the corrugated plate dehydrator 3, and a drain valve 13 controlled by the intelligent control unit 7 is installed at its outlet. The multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit is configured to connect to the output pipeline of the salt cave block 1 and perform multi-phase separation of gaseous fluid, solid particles, and liquid media in high-pressure compressed air containing impurities.

[0026] The low-temperature preheating heat exchange unit 5 has an internal tube flow channel that connects to the outlet of the multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit and an external shell flow channel that introduces an external heat source into the system. The inlet of the external shell flow channel is equipped with a heat source regulating valve 14 controlled by the intelligent control unit 7, which is configured to receive the gas phase fluid after removing solid and liquid impurities and perform heat exchange and temperature rise operations between the gas phase fluid and the external heat source.

[0027] The corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit 6 has an internal heat exchange tube bundle with a layer of corrosion-resistant material, a shell side for introducing external high-temperature medium, an isolation shut-off valve located at the front end of the internal heat exchange tube bundle and controlled by the intelligent control unit 7, an electrochemical resistance probe system configured on the inner wall of the pipe network, and an external bypass pipe 8 with a regulating valve 9. It is configured to receive preheated gaseous fluid, perform secondary heating and heat exchange through the internal heat exchange tube bundle, and control the proportional splitting state of the gaseous fluid between the internal heat exchange tube bundle and the bypass pipe 8 by the regulating valve 9. The two gaseous fluids merge at the end and are output to the expander 10 downstream of the system.

[0028] The intelligent control unit 7 has a data acquisition module, a PID regulation module, and a fault diagnosis module. It is used to read data from the distributed sensing nodes of the system and to continuously regulate the operation frequency of the system's drainage and sewage discharge mechanism and the distribution of heat exchange fluids at each stage. The distributed sensing nodes of the system include pressure transmitters at both ends of the multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit, an ion sensor at the bottom of the corrugated plate dehydrator 3, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and a humidity sensor at the inlet pipe of the low-temperature preheating heat exchange unit 5, a temperature sensor at the outlet pipe of the low-temperature preheating heat exchange unit 5, an electrochemical resistance probe system at the corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit 6, and a temperature sensor at the end of the pipe.

[0029] See attached document Figure 2 This invention provides an operation method for the above-mentioned flexible integrated system for dehumidification and preheating of compressed air in salt caverns, the method comprising the following steps: S10, the impurity-laden compressed air discharged from the salt cavern block 1 is introduced into the multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit, and the centrifugal sedimentation and slag discharge of large particles are performed through the cyclone pre-separator 2, and the corrugated plate dewatering device 3 and the wire mesh trap filter 4 are controlled to perform droplet collision coagulation and micron-level droplet interception, and the purified gas phase fluid is output. S20, extract the state parameters of the gas phase fluid entering the inlet of the low temperature preheating heat exchange unit 5, and obtain the instantaneous pressure and dew point temperature under these state parameters by performing physical property calculations; S30, combined with the instantaneous pressure dew point temperature, calculates the compensation flow of the external heat source of the low temperature preheating heat exchange unit 5 through the intelligent control unit 7, adjusts the flow of the medium entering the heat source, and combines the feedback signal of the temperature sensor of the outlet pipeline of the low temperature preheating heat exchange unit 5 to heat the fluid temperature at the outlet of the low temperature preheating heat exchange unit 5 and maintain it above the pressure dew point temperature. S40 introduces the gaseous fluid that has reached above the dew point temperature into the heat exchange tube bundle of the corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit 6 to perform energy absorption and heating, evaluates the terminal mixing temperature parameters, and outputs the target gaseous fluid that meets the operating threshold of the expander 10. S50: Acquire the pressure difference signal between the two ends of the equipment and the chemical ion concentration signal inside the liquid collection tank 12 during the fluid operation process, and output the sewage discharge linkage command according to the set logic judgment conditions to dynamically change the action execution frequency of the condensate valve 13 and the slag discharge control valve 15 at the bottom of the multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit. S60 extracts system operating load parameters and corrosion monitoring status data, outputs opening deflection command to regulating valve 9 on bypass pipeline 8, updates the flow ratio between heat exchange tube bundle inside corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit 6 and bypass pipeline 8, and completes system operating condition matching; and when corrosion data exceeds the standard, it links to close the isolation shut-off valve at the front end of corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit 6 to execute safety interlock control cycle.

[0030] See attached document Figure 3 The above-mentioned S10 includes the specific operation of multi-phase graded purification of impurity compressed air. The gas phase fluid discharged from the salt cave block 1 enters the internal flow channel of the cyclone pre-separator 2 in a tangential air intake manner and forms a downward rotating forced vortex inside it. The mud and sand particles and salt particles carried in the gas phase fluid move towards the inner wall surface under the action of centrifugal force and collide and lose energy. The solid phase material that loses kinetic energy settles to the bottom slag discharge port 11 under the action of gravity. This process achieves the physical stripping of large mass solid phase impurities by controlling the flow field morphology.

[0031] The physical separation effect of the above centrifugal sedimentation process depends on the force state of the solid particles in the flow field. Large particles settle in the region where the centrifugal force is greater than the radial drag force of the airflow. The critical separation particle size of the solid particles in this physical separation process satisfies the following equation: ; In the formula, This refers to the critical separation particle size of the cyclone separator. The dynamic viscosity of the gaseous fluid; Width of the fluid inlet channel; Pi is a constant. This refers to the effective number of rotations of the airflow inside the cyclone separator. The basic variable symbol representing a series or number of cycles; When used as a variable subscript, it represents an effective state; when used as a constant, it represents the base of the natural logarithm. The inlet streamline velocity of the gaseous fluid entering the separator; When used as a variable subscript, it represents the state of the entry point; The symbol for the fundamental variable representing physical velocity; The physical density of the precipitated solid particles; Given the physical density of the gaseous fluid, those skilled in the art will understand that the effective number of rotations is limited by pre-configuring the device structural dimensions. and channel width It can control the particle size. The threshold value, in this embodiment, is the effective number of rotations. The value ranges from 3 to 5 rings, which makes the particle size segmentation... The threshold was controlled between 5 and 10 micrometers, which is greater than the critical segmentation particle size. The particles are discharged from the system through the slag discharge port 11.

[0032] After being processed by the cyclone pre-separator 2, the gaseous fluid flows into the corrugated plate dehydrator 3. The corrugated plate dehydrator 3 has a corrugated baffle channel inside, which causes the gaseous fluid to deflect multiple times as it passes through. The free liquid water and salt mist micro-droplets carried by the gaseous fluid cannot completely follow the deflection path of the airflow due to their own inertia. The droplets deviate from the mainstream line and physically collide with the corrugated plate wall at the bend of the flow channel. The tiny droplets attached to the plate wall surface converge into larger liquid films and droplets under the action of gas flow pressure and surface tension.

[0033] As the thickness of the liquid film increases and the volume of the droplets grows, the gravity of the droplets gradually overcomes the frictional shear force of the airflow and liquefies and slides downward on the surface of the corrugated plate, converging into the collection tank 12 set at the bottom of the corrugated plate dewatering device 3. The liquid medium accumulated in the collection tank 12 is controlled by the periodic sewage discharge action executed by the intelligent control unit 7 based on the initial time control sequence, and discharged into the external system through the matching drain valve 13, so that the accumulation height of the conventional liquid medium inside the collection tank 12 is dynamically maintained in the range of 60% to 80% of the total height of the collection tank 12. Thus, the entire multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation process completes the physical interception and removal of free liquid medium and salt-containing droplets in the gas phase fluid.

[0034] The gaseous fluid processed by the corrugated plate dehydrator 3 is transported to the inside of the wire mesh trap filter 4. The wire mesh trap filter 4 is equipped with a multi-layer stainless steel wire mesh structure arranged in an interlaced pattern. When the gaseous fluid penetrates the internal pores of the multi-layer stainless steel wire mesh structure, the micro-droplets with a size in the range of 1 to 5 micrometers remaining in the airflow and the dust-level impurities that have not settled in the previous process come into contact with the surface of the metal wire mesh fibers and are adsorbed and intercepted. The micro-droplets are wetted and spread on the surface of the metal fibers and are then merged with the subsequent fluid medium.

[0035] As the mass of the merged droplets increases, when the droplet's own weight exceeds the combined force of the capillary adsorption force on the surface of the metal wire mesh and the upward resistance of the airflow, the large droplet falls along the texture of the metal wire mesh and detaches from the main body of the flow field. Under the continuous action of this physical interception and gravity sedimentation, the wire mesh trap filter 4 achieves deep removal of liquid phase aerosols and outputs dehydrated compressed air that meets the inlet fluid index of the preheating heat exchange unit to the subsequent pipeline.

[0036] See attached document Figure 4In the above-mentioned S20, the extraction of the gas phase fluid state is achieved by a combination of detection hardware arranged in the pipeline network. The intelligent control unit 7 controls the data acquisition module to read the analog electrical signals fed back by the pressure sensor, temperature sensor and humidity sensor installed on the inlet pipeline of the low temperature preheating heat exchange unit 5 through a hard-wired network. After internal analog-to-digital conversion, these analog electrical signals are mapped to the absolute pressure value, actual temperature value and relative humidity value representing the current physical state of the gas phase fluid. The fluid state parameters under high pressure are extracted as the basic variables for subsequent thermodynamic state assessment and stored in the internal memory of the intelligent control unit 7 in real time. This process ensures that the control system can capture the violent dynamic fluctuation characteristics of the gas flow property parameters during the salt cavern energy release process in real time.

[0037] After acquiring the state parameters of the gaseous fluid, the intelligent control unit 7 extracts the internally stored property calculation algorithm program and performs continuous mathematical operations on the data stream. This operation is based on the physical phase transition law of water vapor partial pressure changing with temperature in high-pressure gaseous fluid. Logical derivation is carried out by introducing a derived empirical formula model applicable to high-pressure humid gas systems. The intelligent control unit 7 extracts the temperature and relative humidity values ​​measured under the actual pressure environment inside the pipeline to calculate intermediate state variables, thereby avoiding the nonlinear error generated when converting from normal pressure to high pressure. These intermediate state variables satisfy the following equation: ; In the formula, For a moment Intermediate state variables generated by the operation; For the time variables of the system's continuous or discrete operation; These are calibration empirical constants associated with water vapor saturation and vapor pressure characteristics; For a moment The measured actual inlet temperature of the gaseous fluid; These are calibration empirical constants associated with water vapor saturation and vapor pressure characteristics; For the natural constant The symbol for a logarithmic function with base 0; For a moment The relative humidity value was measured and converted to decimal form. and The specific values ​​of these two constants are experimentally calibrated based on the composition characteristics of the gaseous fluid and the design pressure range of the pipeline network during system operation. Combined with the physical characteristics of conventional industrial compressed air media within a normal pressure range, the intelligent control unit 7 sets the constants in the initialization program. Configured to the empirical value of 17.27 and the constant Configured with an empirical value of 237.3, this calculation step completes the data extraction of critical characteristic parameters of water vapor saturation of gas-phase mixtures by mathematically coupling the actual measured physical quantities of temperature and humidity.

[0038] After calculating the intermediate state variables, the intelligent control unit 7 further calculates the instantaneous pressure and dew point temperature under the current operating conditions through algebraic derivation. The solution equation satisfies: ; In the formula, For a moment The calculated instantaneous pressure and dew point temperature of the gaseous fluid; For the continuous or discrete operating time variables of the system; These are calibration empirical constants associated with the saturated vapor pressure characteristics of water vapor; For a moment Intermediate state variables generated by the operation; These are calibration empirical constants associated with the saturated vapor pressure characteristics of water vapor.

[0039] This physical quantity characterizes the precise temperature threshold at which the partial pressure of water vapor carried inside the fluid reaches a critical saturation state and begins to precipitate a free liquid film on the metal surface of the equipment under the current pipeline pressure boundary. Obtaining this temperature threshold provides a dynamic data benchmark for subsequent system regulation of the heat source medium flow rate. For complex gas dew point compensation correction models in extreme pressure jump ranges, in this embodiment, conventional reconstruction deployment can be performed in conjunction with the real gas state equation, and its deployment process is a well-known technology in the field.

[0040] See attached document Figure 5 In the above S30, after the pre-dew point preheating is completed, the high-pressure gaseous fluid in the dry environment is controlled to be introduced into the internal heat exchange tube bundle area of ​​the corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit 6 to perform a secondary energy absorption operation. When the gaseous fluid passes through the heat exchange tube bundle flow channel with a corrosion-resistant material layer, it undergoes convective heat exchange with the high-temperature medium introduced from the shell side through the tube wall. The gaseous fluid temperature is higher than its true pressure dew point, which keeps the pipe wall surface in a dry state without free liquid water precipitation, thereby inhibiting the rate of chloride ion-dominated electrochemical pitting reaction. The gaseous medium that absorbs heat energy gathers with the gaseous medium from the bypass pipe 8 at the end of the heat exchange tube bundle and is output to the inlet pipe section of the expander 10. The intelligent control unit 7 extracts the actual terminal temperature parameters after the final mixing and heating of the fluid at the outlet end and performs a comparison and evaluation operation on the working access status of the terminal process equipment.

[0041] The intelligent control unit 7 stores the lower limit of the intake temperature threshold used to define the safe working range of the expander 10. This lower limit is obtained by inverse derivation in combination with the physical antifreeze boundary of the end exhaust during the isentropic expansion process of the gas. The evaluation benchmark model of the terminal mixing temperature satisfies the inverse solution equation: ; In the formula, The lower limit threshold of the absolute temperature of the inlet fluid required for the operation of the expander; The safe absolute exhaust temperature set to prevent ice blockage at the exhaust end; The working pressure is measured when the gaseous fluid enters the expander. The exhaust pressure after the work done on the gaseous fluid has decayed; Given the adiabatic index of the current mixed gas phase fluid, and the operating constant dominated by diatomic gas approaching 1.4, the intelligent control unit 7 establishes the safe access temperature boundary for subsequent kinetic energy conversion equipment based on this fluid dynamics law.

[0042] The intelligent control unit 7 performs a digital difference comparison operation between the extracted terminal actual temperature parameter and the calculated lower limit threshold of the absolute temperature of the inlet fluid. When the terminal actual temperature value is greater than or equal to the lower limit threshold, it is determined that the target gas phase fluid currently output meets the thermodynamic work conversion condition. The system maintains the current bypass diversion ratio of the regulating valve 9 and continues to deliver compliant high-temperature dry fluid to the subsequent pipeline network. When the actual terminal temperature drops below the aforementioned lower threshold, the system determines that there is a risk of terminal expansion and ice formation in the current gas supply fluid and triggers a heat enhancement correction electrical signal to the regulating valve 9 on the bypass pipeline 8. By reducing the bypass opening, the proportion of gaseous fluid entering the heat exchange tube bundle inside the corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit 6 is increased, thereby enhancing heat injection. The above physical state comparison and evaluation mechanism ensures that the kinetic energy conversion equipment of the salt cavern system avoids rigid damage to the rotating blades or freezing blockage of the internal flow channel due to deep cryogenic accumulation during the continuous energy release and exhaust cycle, and completes the compliant output of high-pressure preheated fluid to the terminal process equipment.

[0043] See attached document Figure 6 In the above S40, during the continuous energy release operation phase of the system, the intelligent control unit 7 synchronously extracts the flow resistance status and chemical composition index of the precipitated liquid when the fluid passes through the separation device. The intelligent control unit 7 acquires the pressure transmitter signals installed at both ends of the fluid inlet and outlet pipelines of the multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit and calculates the actual pressure difference value of the fluid under the current operating conditions in real time. When the airflow passes through the flow-blocking element, it inevitably generates boundary layer separation and vortex friction loss due to geometric boundary constraints, forming a conventional flow pressure drop reference. This actual pressure difference value is input into the internal comparison program and compared with the dynamic resistance reference value derived based on fluid dynamic characteristics. The solution of the dynamic resistance reference value satisfies the equation: ; In the formula The dynamic resistance benchmark value for the cleanliness state of the multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit at the current flow rate; Symbols for basic mathematical operators that characterize the difference between physical quantities; The comprehensive local resistance coefficient of the separation equipment is pre-calibrated by the system. In this embodiment, the range of the comprehensive local resistance coefficient of the separation equipment is defined as 0.8 to 1.2 based on the geometric characteristics of the internal flow channel of the equipment. The physical density of the inlet gas phase fluid; The inlet velocity of the gas phase fluid is calculated based on the operating load parameters currently received by the system.

[0044] The intelligent control unit 7 constructs a mechanical blockage risk assessment threshold based on the calculated dynamic resistance benchmark value and executes the hardware linkage operation of the slag discharge system. The blockage assessment condition built into the system satisfies the following inequality: ; In the formula, This refers to the actual pressure difference between the fluids at both ends of the device, as measured by the sensor. The dynamic resistance reference value for the clean state of the multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit; The mechanical blockage alarm tolerance coefficient set for the project, combined with the physical degradation characteristic that salt-containing compressed air will crystallize and adhere to the wall, causing a sharp reduction in the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel, the tolerance coefficient is conventionally defined to be in the range of 1.5 to 2.0.

[0045] When the actual pressure difference satisfies the above inequality, the system determines that there is a large amount of salt particles accumulating and adhering to the wall in the internal flow channel of the multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit, especially the cyclone pre-separator 2 which bears the main solid phase removal load. The intelligent control unit 7 then sends an opening electrical signal to the gas backflush solenoid valve and the bottom slag discharge control valve 15 configured on the side wall of the separation equipment. The high-pressure pure pulse airflow provided by the external instrument air network is introduced to perform forced physical stripping of the solid impurities adhering to the wall, and the opening frequency of the slag discharge control valve 15 is increased until the actual pressure difference value falls back to the normal risk-free range to complete the reset and restoration of the flow field state.

[0046] In the parallel logic of performing gas phase pressure drop monitoring, the intelligent control unit 7 synchronously extracts the chemical properties of the free liquid medium inside the bottom liquid collection tank 12 of the corrugated plate dehydrator 3. The ion sensor installed inside the liquid collection tank 12 continuously acquires the chloride ion concentration parameter in the condensate and uses this physical quantity as the core mapping index to indirectly characterize the severity of salt spray entrainment in the main gas phase fluid. When the salt-carrying capacity of the gaseous fluid increases, causing the chloride ion concentration in the liquid medium in the collection tank 12 to exceed the warning concentration threshold set by the system, in this embodiment, the range of the warning concentration threshold is set to 500 to 1000 mg / L in combination with the pitting resistance limit of the bottom equipment. The high-concentration brine in the bottom confluence area is subjected to frictional shear force from the high-speed airflow above, resulting in gas-liquid interface instability and causing droplets to splash backward. After the intelligent control unit 7 captures the sensor digital signal that exceeds the limit warning concentration threshold, it actively intervenes in the control program and overwrites the initial time control sequence of the bottom drain valve 13. This intervention action ensures that the system can reconstruct the solid-liquid drainage rhythm of the bottom equipment in a timely manner under the condition of sudden salt spray entrainment, thereby blocking the physical path of salt migration to the downstream area of ​​the system with the airflow.

[0047] The modified sewage discharge time cycle control law satisfies the mathematical equation: ; In the formula, The current sewage discharge cycle is dynamically calculated and output by the intelligent control unit 7. These are the basic sewage discharge cycle parameters initially calibrated for the system; For the natural constant The symbol for an exponential function with base 0; The real-time reading of chloride ion concentration in the liquid medium by the ion sensor; The upper limit of the chloride ion concentration warning threshold for triggering the intervention mechanism; The concentration deviation sensitivity attenuation coefficient is calibrated to be 0.05 to 0.15 based on the flow capacity of the on-site collection tank 12 and the drain pipe diameter. This exponential attenuation function model causes the time interval for the condensate valve 1313 to close to shorten nonlinearly with the increase of solution salt concentration. This intervention action quickly empties the accumulated high-salinity liquid phase material, thereby stripping the medium basis of high-concentration secondary entrainment generated at the gas-liquid interface. In this embodiment, the discretization deployment of the nonlinear attenuation algorithm in the embedded controller can be implemented in combination with conventional control theory principles. Its specific code logic belongs to the well-known technology in this field.

[0048] See attached document Figure 7 In the above S50, when the system enters the multi-load variable operating condition stage, the intelligent control unit 7 performs flow distribution operation based on the load dispatching command issued by the external power grid or energy storage station. The intelligent control unit 7 converts the current load parameters into flow ratio coefficients and outputs the opening deflection command to the regulating valve 9 installed on the bypass pipeline 8. The valve core displacement of regulating valve 9 changes the cross-sectional area ratio of the airflow channel between the bypass pipeline 8 and the main heat exchange tube bundle of the corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit 6. The high-pressure dehydrated gas entering the pipeline network is mechanically cut into the main heating fluid participating in the secondary heat exchange and the cold bypass fluid maintaining the initial preheating state at this node. This fluid distribution mechanism adapts to the inlet temperature and flow rate requirements of the terminal process equipment under different output conditions by changing the mass flow rate ratio of the two gases.

[0049] The main heating fluid and the cold bypass fluid involved in the secondary heating physically mix at the outlet of the corrosion-resistant heat exchange unit 6. The intelligent control unit 7 calls the mixing final state evaluation model based on the steady flow energy equation to calculate the terminal parameters of the mixed fluid. The thermodynamic evaluation model of the mixing process satisfies the enthalpy balance equation: ; In the formula, This refers to the mass flow rate of the main heating fluid entering the main heat exchanger tube bundle. The specific enthalpy of the main heating fluid under the current temperature rise condition; The mass flow rate of the cold bypass fluid entering the bypass pipeline; The specific enthalpy of the cold bypass fluid under preheated conditions; It is the terminal specific enthalpy at which the fluid reaches thermal equilibrium after complete mixing.

[0050] The intelligent control unit 7 converts the calculated mixing terminal specific enthalpy into a theoretical mixing exhaust temperature by back interpolation based on the thermophysical property database. The system generates a closed-loop control feedback benchmark by subtracting the theoretical temperature from the fluid temperature value actually measured by the temperature sensor at the end of the pipeline. This feedback benchmark is used to determine the degree of deviation between the current airflow distribution execution result and the desired thermodynamic state. When the difference between the theoretical calculation value and the actual measurement value exceeds the control dead zone set by the engineering, the intelligent control unit 7 fine-tunes the servo output opening of the regulating valve 9 until the flow field temperature distribution reaches a steady-state equilibrium. The control dead zone is configured to be between ±1 and ±2 degrees Celsius according to the measurement accuracy of the sensor.

[0051] During the parallel execution of the aforementioned normalized flexible air mixing procedure, the intelligent control unit 7 continuously extracts metal corrosion monitoring data fed back by the electrochemical resistance probe system deployed on the inner wall of the pipeline. The intelligent control unit 7 performs time-dimension differential operations on the raw data stream of the collected wall metal loss to obtain the current instantaneous physical corrosion rate of the inner wall of the pipeline. When faced with extreme abnormal conditions such as a large-scale collapse of salt rock upstream of the system leading to excessive corrosive salt particles being entrained into the heat exchange channel, the system's underlying safety protection mechanism executes a forced response based on the step change state of the corrosion rate. The interlocking intervention judgment model built into this safety protection mechanism satisfies the calculus inequality: ; In the formula, The instantaneous corrosion depth change rate of the metal is calculated. To characterize the symbols for differential operators in calculus operations; This represents the cumulative depth of physical corrosion on the inner wall of the pipeline. For continuous operation, it is a time variable; The instantaneous corrosion rate is set as the allowable threshold for the system based on the fatigue failure limit of the tube bundle substrate, and this benchmark threshold parameter is factory-calibrated to 0.1 mm per year for conventional carbon steel materials; When the instantaneous corrosion depth change rate satisfies the above inequality conditions, the system determines that the concentration of corrosive media such as chloride ions carried by the current fluid has exceeded the extreme value of the passivation film self-repair capability of the heat exchange tube bundle substrate. The intelligent control unit 7 triggers the highest priority hardware interlock protection command and forcibly drives the valve position actuator of the regulating valve 9 to deflect to the fully open state under full load. At the same time, the system links and closes the isolation shut-off valve at the front end of the main heat exchange tube bundle of the corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit 6. This hardware forced intervention logic cuts off the physical contact path between the high-concentration corrosive gaseous fluid and the core high-temperature heat exchange tube bundle. All gaseous fluid flows out of the system along the bypass pipe 8, thereby limiting the corrosive damage to the external straight pipe section area. At the same time, the system outputs a command to the heat source regulating valve to increase the heat source flow of the low-temperature preheating heat exchange unit 5 or trigger the safety shutdown procedure of the downstream expander 10 to prevent the cold fluid from causing ice blockage in the terminal equipment, thus completing the closed loop of corrosion protection and operation control of the entire system equipment under complex alternating working conditions.

[0052] See attached document Figure 8 It demonstrates the logical control structure of the above system in performing gaseous medium flow distribution and corrosion interlock intervention during the variable operating condition stage; the intelligent control unit 7 reads the external load scheduling command and calls the mixed air final state evaluation model based on the law of conservation of stable flow energy, and continuously outputs servo commands to the regulating valve 9 in a closed loop. Simultaneously, the underlying security protection mechanism within the intelligent control unit 7 monitors the corrosion data of the metal substrate fed back by the electrochemical resistance probe system. When it is determined that the above-mentioned calculus control inequality triggering condition is met... At that time, the isolation shut-off valve at the front end of the corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit 6 is directly cut off through the hardware interlocking level, and the regulating valve 9 is fully opened; the specific control law, energy balance calculation rules, and safety intervention judgment logic for this process are described in the above-mentioned reference appendix. Figure 7 The execution process is explained in detail here, so it will not be repeated here.

[0053] Application Examples: Please see the appendix Figure 9 -Appendix Figure 12To better understand the technical solution of this invention, the following explanation uses the gas storage tank of a 100 MW-class adiabatic compressed air energy storage system as an example of an underground salt cavern. In this embodiment, the gas storage tank of a 100 MW-class insulated compressed air energy storage system is an underground salt cavern. During the energy release and power generation stage, the initial pressure of the compressed air discharged from the underground salt cavern is set to 10 MPa, the temperature of the gas phase fluid is 35 degrees Celsius, the relative humidity parameter of the gas phase fluid is saturated, and the gas phase fluid carries solid salt crystal particles and liquid condensed water medium.

[0054] Compressed air enters the cyclone pre-separator of the multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit and solid matter settles inside. The pressure transmitters at both ends of the fluid inlet and outlet pipelines of the multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit obtain the actual pressure difference of the fluid as 45.3 kPa. The intelligent control unit outputs an action command to the backflush solenoid valve of the air circuit connected to the external instrument air network. After the backflush action is executed, the actual pressure difference of the system decreases to 12.6 kPa. The gas phase fluid flows backward into the corrugated plate dehydrator. The ion sensor installed inside the bottom collection tank 12 reads the chloride ion concentration data inside the condensate as 650 mg / L. The intelligent control unit outputs an intervention command to the drain valve 13. The drain cycle time parameter of the drain valve 13 is changed to 12 minutes. The multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit outputs purified gas phase fluid through the wire mesh capture filter.

[0055] The data acquisition module reads the pressure from the pressure transmitter of the gas phase fluid at the inlet of the low-temperature preheating heat exchange unit, which is 9.8 MPa and the temperature from the temperature sensor is 34 degrees Celsius. The intelligent control unit extracts the state parameters and performs mathematical calculations to obtain the instantaneous pressure dew point temperature data of 32 degrees Celsius. The intelligent control unit outputs an analog electrical signal to control the opening of the heat source regulating valve at the inlet of the external shell-side flow channel. The actual temperature parameter measured by the temperature sensor on the outlet pipeline of the low-temperature preheating heat exchange unit rises and is maintained at 38 degrees Celsius.

[0056] The intelligent control unit extracts the set inlet temperature parameter of the expander at the end of the system as 120 degrees Celsius. The intelligent control unit outputs an opening deflection command to the regulating valve on the bypass pipeline. In the current state, the gas phase fluid with a flow ratio of 70% enters the internal heat exchange tube bundle area of ​​the corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit. The gas phase fluid undergoes convective heat exchange with the external high-temperature medium introduced into the shell side, reaching 155 degrees Celsius. In the current state, the gas phase fluid with a flow ratio of 30% and a temperature of 38 degrees Celsius enters the external bypass pipeline. The two gas phase fluids with a physical temperature difference undergo fluid physical mixing at the junction point at the end of the system. The temperature sensor at the end of the pipeline actually measures the terminal mixing temperature as 120.3 degrees Celsius.

[0057] When the pipeline network encounters a high concentration of free salt media flowing in, the instantaneous corrosion depth change rate of the metal substrate, as calculated by the electrochemical resistance probe system, reaches 0.15 mm per year. The intelligent control unit outputs the highest priority control signal, and the isolation shut-off valve at the front end of the heat exchange tube bundle inside the corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit performs a fully closed action. The displacement mechanism of the regulating valve on the outside of the bypass pipeline deflects to the full-load fully open value, and all gaseous fluid is output to the subsequent pipeline network through the bypass pipeline.

[0058] As shown in Table 1, the flexible integrated system for dehumidification and preheating of compressed air in salt caverns was connected to a 100 MW industrial verification pipeline platform to conduct a continuous variable load operation test for 30 calendar days. The system was compared with the control group system which used constant heating input and fixed sewage discharge program. The system's operating condition parameter data was recorded.

[0059] Table 1

[0060] Compared to the control system, the system precipitated free liquid water in the internal pipe section and produced a physical corrosion depth of 0.18 mm per year on the main heat exchanger tube wall. The integrated system of this application controls the preheating fluid temperature above the pressure dew point threshold and initiates bypass intervention when the metal electrochemical corrosion parameters change. The integrated system of this application recorded an average instantaneous physical corrosion depth change rate of 0.02 mm per year during the test period.

[0061] The flow pressure difference resistance at both ends of the multi-stage separation equipment in the benchmark control system was 45.3 kPa. The integrated system of this application updates the linkage frequency of the bottom slag discharge actuator and the drain valve 13 based on the physical variables of pressure difference and ion concentration. The fluid pressure difference value of the separation equipment operation recorded by the test pipeline of the integrated system of this application is 12.6 kPa.

[0062] The baseline control system output constant heat source parameters resulted in a terminal operating temperature fluctuation range of ±6.5 degrees Celsius. The integrated system of this application changes the flow cross-sectional area displacement ratio of the bypass pipeline regulating valve according to the operating load parameters. The terminal mixed actual temperature amplitude band recorded by the pipeline terminal temperature sensor of the integrated system of this application is ±1.2 degrees Celsius.

[0063] The benchmark control system, when operating with fixed thermal parameters throughout the entire time period, had a unit compressed air energy consumption of 215.4 kJ / kg. The integrated system of this application adjusts the output opening of the heat source medium regulating valve based on the pressure dew point temperature and the enthalpy of the mixed air by setting physical variables. The total unit compressed air comprehensive heat consumption calculated from the total operating data of the integrated system of this application is 183.7 kJ / kg.

[0064] The data processing software generates a time-domain distribution map of the pressure difference at both ends of the separated flow channel in the first data dimension. The axis of the first coordinate system of the chart is defined as a continuous variable scalar of running time, and the axis of the second coordinate system of the chart is defined as a numerical scalar of the actual pressure difference of the pipeline network. The two-dimensional scatter line mapped by the benchmark comparison control group data extends continuously towards the high value range of the second coordinate system with a positive linear slope. After the two-dimensional scatter line mapped by the integrated system of this application reaches the limit threshold in the second coordinate system, it undergoes a reverse step displacement. The coordinate point of the step displacement termination point is translated and connected to the positive low slope rising line segment. The two-dimensional scatter line of the integrated system of this application is clustered and distributed in the area below the set safety judgment horizontal cut-off line segment.

[0065] The data plotting tool establishes a second-dimensional scatter plot of fluid dew point and heat exchange temperature in real time tracking and following the status. The horizontal axis vector of the rectangular coordinate system is configured as a continuous minute-level time scale scalar, and the vertical axis vector of the rectangular coordinate system is configured as the fluid temperature in Celsius. The chart space contains two sets of data trajectory lines representing instantaneous pressure dew point temperature and actual outlet temperature of the low-temperature preheating heat exchange unit. The vertical projection height of the trajectory line connecting the actual outlet temperature is always greater than the vertical projection height of the trajectory line connecting the instantaneous pressure dew point temperature. The difference in the vertical intercept of the two trajectory lines at the same horizontal axis vector position is set within the physical range of 3 to 5 degrees Celsius.

[0066] The engineering rendering module generates a terminal parameter step response distribution map under the third data structure feature. The horizontal index of the drawing grid maps a discrete second-level time evolution scale, and the vertical index of the drawing grid maps digital variables collected by the temperature sensor at the end of the pipeline. The drawing grid is arranged with a target working temperature reference line that undergoes a vertical step transition from a low-scalar horizontal baseline to a high-scalar horizontal baseline. The test scatter line reflecting the airflow parameter measurement process generates a positive tangent slope increase at the point where the target baseline undergoes a vertical coordinate displacement. The test scatter line enters a distribution state that extends parallel to the horizontal baseline in the region near the high-scalar horizontal baseline.

[0067] The digital processing program outputs an axial set of material monitoring parameters and mechanical opening displacement values ​​for the fourth system dimension. The horizontal extension scale of the image is configured as a numerical sequence advancing over time. The first vertical measurement scale on the left side of the image is bound to the instantaneous corrosion depth change rate numerical variable, and the second vertical measurement scale on the right side of the image is bound to the opening and closing displacement variable of the physical adjustment mechanism. The bar chart representing the material corrosion rate variable increases towards the limit value range of the first vertical measurement scale and exceeds the lateral truncation limit boundary. The isolation shut-off valve opening line at the same horizontal sequence node generates a vertical negative displacement towards the zero value coordinate of the second vertical measurement scale, and the bypass regulating valve opening line generates a vertical positive displacement towards the maximum percentage range coordinate of the second vertical measurement scale.

[0068] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A flexible integrated system for dehumidifying and preheating compressed air in a salt cavern, characterized in that, include: The multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit is configured to connect to the output pipeline of the salt cave block (1) and perform multi-phase separation on the impurity-containing compressed air under high pressure. The low-temperature preheating heat exchange unit (5) has an internal tube flow channel that connects to the outlet of the multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit and an external shell flow channel that introduces an external heat source. It is configured to receive the gas phase fluid after removing impurities and perform heat exchange and temperature rise operations. The corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit (6) has an internal heat exchange tube bundle and an external bypass pipe (8) with a regulating valve (9). It is configured to perform secondary heating and heat exchange through the internal heat exchange tube bundle, and the regulating valve (9) controls the proportional flow state of the fluid between the two paths. The intelligent control unit (7) is used to perform data reading on the distributed sensor nodes of the system and to continuously regulate the frequency of the system's sewage discharge action and the distribution of heat exchange fluids at each level.

2. The flexible integrated system for dehumidification and preheating of compressed air in salt caverns according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit has a cyclone pre-separator (2), a corrugated plate dehydrator (3) and a wire mesh trap filter (4) connected in series, and pressure transmitters are provided at both ends of its fluid inlet and outlet pipelines. The cyclone pre-separator (2) is equipped with a gas backflush solenoid valve on its side wall, and a slag discharge control valve (15) controlled by the intelligent control unit (7) is provided at the bottom slag discharge port (11). The corrugated plate dehydrator (3) is equipped with an ion sensor inside the liquid collection tank (12) at the bottom, and its outlet is equipped with a drain valve (13) controlled by the intelligent control unit (7).

3. The integrated system for flexible dehumidification and preheating of compressed air in salt caverns according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cyclone pre-separator (2) is configured to receive gaseous fluid in a tangential air intake manner and form a downward rotating forced vortex in its internal flow channel. Through centrifugal force, solid material larger than the critical separation particle size settles to the bottom slag discharge port (11). The corrugated plate dewatering device (3) has a corrugated baffle channel inside, which is used to liquefy the droplets and slide them into the liquid collection tank (12) by deflecting the liquid multiple times and impacting the wall. The wire mesh trap filter (4) is internally equipped with a multi-layer stainless steel wire mesh structure arranged in an interlaced pattern, which is used to adsorb, intercept and secondary merge and settle residual tiny droplets.

4. The flexible integrated system for dehumidification and preheating of compressed air in salt caverns according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system distributed sensing nodes include: a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor configured in the inlet pipe of the low-temperature preheating heat exchange unit (5), and a temperature sensor configured at the end of the pipe. The intelligent control unit (7) is equipped with a property calculation algorithm program, which is configured to extract the absolute pressure value, actual temperature value and relative humidity value at the inlet of the low temperature preheating heat exchange unit (5), generate intermediate state variables through mathematical calculation, and calculate the instantaneous pressure dew point temperature of the current gas phase fluid. The intelligent control unit (7) adjusts the heat source control valve (14) at the inlet of the outer shell flow channel of the low temperature preheating heat exchange unit (5) in combination with the instantaneous pressure dew point temperature, so as to heat the gas phase fluid temperature and maintain it above the instantaneous pressure dew point temperature.

5. The integrated system for flexible dehumidification and preheating of compressed air in salt caverns according to claim 2, characterized in that: The intelligent control unit (7) is equipped with a mechanical blockage determination module, which is used to read the pressure transmitter signals at both ends of the multi-stage gas-liquid-solid separation unit in real time to calculate the actual pressure difference value, and compare the actual pressure difference value with the dynamic resistance benchmark value calculated based on the inlet gas phase fluid velocity. When the actual differential pressure exceeds the set mechanical blockage alarm tolerance range, the intelligent control unit (7) sends an opening electrical signal to the gas backflush solenoid valve and the slag discharge control valve (15) to perform forced physical stripping and increase the operation frequency of the slag discharge control valve (15).

6. The integrated system for flexible dehumidification and preheating of compressed air in salt caverns according to claim 2, characterized in that: The intelligent control unit (7) is equipped with a sewage intervention module, which is used to read the chloride ion concentration parameter of the condensate water fed back by the ion sensor inside the collection tank (12) in real time. When the chloride ion concentration parameter exceeds the set warning concentration threshold, the intelligent control unit (7) actively overrides the initial time control sequence of the drain valve (13) and uses an exponential decay function model to dynamically shorten the sewage discharge waiting time interval of the drain valve (13) in order to suppress the reverse splashing and secondary entrainment of droplets caused by the bottom confluence area of ​​the collection tank (12).

7. The integrated system for flexible dehumidification and preheating of compressed air in salt caverns according to claim 1, characterized in that: The corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit (6) also includes an isolation shut-off valve located at the front end of the internal heat exchange tube bundle and controlled by the intelligent control unit (7), and an electrochemical resistance probe system configured on the inner wall of the pipeline network; the internal heat exchange tube bundle is provided with a corrosion-resistant material layer.

8. The integrated system for flexible dehumidification and preheating of compressed air in salt caverns according to claim 7, characterized in that: The intelligent control unit (7) includes a data acquisition module, a PID adjustment module and a fault diagnosis module; The PID control module is used to convert the current load parameters received by the system into flow ratio coefficients and output opening deflection commands to the regulating valve (9) on the bypass pipeline (8) to change the cross-sectional area ratio of the airflow channel between the bypass pipeline (8) and the corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit (6), and to perform closed-loop fine adjustment based on the deviation between the actual end temperature value after the two fluids are mixed and the theoretical mixed exhaust temperature.

9. The integrated system for flexible dehumidification and preheating of compressed air in salt caverns according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fault diagnosis module is equipped with a low-level security protection mechanism, which is used to continuously monitor the metal wall corrosion data fed back by the electrochemical resistance probe system, and perform time-dimension differential operation on the raw data stream of metal loss to obtain the instantaneous corrosion depth change rate of the inner wall of the pipeline. When the instantaneous corrosion depth change rate reaches the set allowable threshold, the intelligent control unit (7) triggers a hardware interlock protection command, which shuts down the isolation shut-off valve at the front end of the corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit (6) and forces the regulating valve (9) to deflect to the fully open state.

10. The integrated system for flexible dehumidification and preheating of compressed air in salt caverns according to claim 8, characterized in that: The intelligent control unit (7) stores the lower limit of the intake temperature threshold of the safe working range of the expander (10). The lower limit of the intake temperature threshold is obtained by reverse derivation based on the ratio of the safe exhaust absolute temperature set by the anti-icing blockage of the exhaust end of the expander (10) to the pressure drop of the gas phase fluid. When the actual temperature value at the end of the two fluids after mixing decreases to less than the lower limit of the inlet temperature threshold, the PID control module outputs a control command to the control valve (9) to reduce the bypass opening, so as to increase the proportion of gaseous fluid entering the heat exchange tube bundle inside the corrosion-resistant heat exchange main unit (6) for secondary heating.

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