Prefabricated assembled rhombic hanging basket and installation method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of bridge construction equipment, in particular to a prefabricated and assembled rhombic hanging basket and a mounting method thereof. The rhombic hanging basket comprises a main truss system, a walking system, a bottom basket platform, a suspension system and a composite anchoring system. The mounting based on the rhombic hanging basket comprises the following steps: prefabricating a foldable rhombic truss; using a hoisting device to pull the truss to unfold and pin shaft locking; installing a walking system and other components, using multiple frequency conversion winches to cooperate with displacement sensors, and using a synchronous deviation control algorithm to hoist the bottom basket platform as a whole. In the hanging basket, the rhombic truss can be folded and unfolded, the convenience of transporting and installing the hanging basket on site and putting into construction is improved, the walking system and the composite anchoring system are matched, the efficiency of moving the hanging basket is improved, the automatic synchronous control technology solves the hoisting control problem of the bottom basket under complex environment, the construction efficiency and safety of the hanging basket as a whole are improved, and the risk of high-altitude operation is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge construction equipment technology, and discloses a prefabricated assembled diamond-shaped hanging basket and its installation method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of bridge construction, cantilever construction technology for long-span prestressed concrete continuous beam bridges has been widely applied. As the core load-bearing platform and operating space in cantilever construction, the structural stability and smoothness of the construction process of the hanging basket directly affect the quality, safety, and overall efficiency of bridge construction. Traditional diamond-shaped hanging baskets, in terms of structural design and connection, either use on-site welding to fix the main load-bearing components or utilize modular assembly of various parts. This results in a large self-weight of the diamond-shaped hanging basket structure or cumbersome connection methods between members, leading to low efficiency in on-site assembly and disassembly. At the same time, the traditional anchoring method of the hanging basket often relies on a large number of embedded parts, which also complicates the installation process. Deviations in the accuracy of the embedded parts can affect the subsequent installation quality and travel efficiency of the hanging basket. Therefore, in bridge engineering practice, hanging basket technology is also shifting towards prefabrication and modularization.

[0003] However, traditional rhomboid hanging baskets are prefabricated components produced as independent parts, requiring on-site assembly. Firstly, the use of high-strength steel as the main material results in a heavy truss structure. The core components of the truss structure lack flexible structural design, consuming significant space and time during relocation and on-site hoisting, increasing installation and dismantling difficulties and lengthening the construction cycle. Secondly, the assembly and dismantling process involves extensive alignment and splicing operations of various truss components and other parts, involving prolonged high-intensity work at height. Personal safety risks during construction are unavoidable, and the precision control of high-altitude pin insertion is extremely difficult, severely impacting construction efficiency. Furthermore, the existing hanging basket system relies heavily on large lifting equipment for installation. In complex construction environments such as crossing rivers, railways, or existing highways, this installation method is easily limited by site constraints. The hoisting and installation process requires multi-party coordination to monitor height and tilt, affecting construction efficiency. Construction in restricted environments may also lead to structural instability or overturning risks.

[0004] Therefore, in the cantilever construction of bridges, there is an urgent need to introduce a new prefabricated diamond-shaped hanging basket and improve its installation method to enhance the transportation and installation efficiency of the hanging basket, and to minimize the dangers caused by high-altitude operations and site limitations during the installation process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of inflexible and lightweight on-site assembly of prefabricated truss components in the existing diamond-shaped hanging basket technology, difficulty in controlling installation and disassembly precision, and susceptibility to high-altitude operations and site limitations, this invention proposes the following technical solution: A prefabricated, assembled diamond-shaped hanging basket includes: The main truss system includes at least two rhomboid trusses connected by a transverse linkage. Each rhomboid truss comprises an upper chord, a rear diagonal member, a lower chord, a front diagonal member, and a central vertical member, all made of hot-rolled rectangular tubing. The upper chord, rear diagonal member, lower chord, and front diagonal member are sequentially hinged together. The rhomboid truss is configured to rotate around its hinged nodes to switch between a stacked state and a rhomboid state. In the rhomboid state, the central vertical member is positioned between the hinged nodes of the upper chord and the rear diagonal member, and the lower chord and the front diagonal member. A front upper crossbeam is erected at the front end of the main truss system. The running system includes a load-bearing beam installed on the upper surface of the bridge top plate, a front support installed at the bottom of the hinge node between the lower chord and the front diagonal member, a telescopic beam fitted into the inner cavity of the lower chord and capable of sliding relative to the lower chord, and a horizontal hydraulic cylinder. The telescopic beam is connected to the bridge top plate through a diagonal brace fixed at the tail. The horizontal hydraulic cylinder is located inside the lower chord, and its piston end is horizontally connected to the front end of the telescopic beam. The suspension system includes several load-bearing hangers anchored and suspended below the top slab of the bridge, a rolling hanger, a sliding beam passing through the load-bearing hangers and the rolling hangers, and several steel plate slings. The bottom of the rolling hanger is provided with rollers for moving the sliding beam relative to the rolling hanger. The composite anchoring system is configured in two sets: one set anchors the tail of the telescopic beam, and the other set anchors the tail of the rhomboid truss. The base platform is suspended below the bridge by the steel plate slings to serve as the cantilever casting construction site.

[0006] Furthermore, the rhomboid truss also includes connecting blocks disposed at the hinge nodes of the upper chord, rear diagonal, lower chord, and front diagonal. Several pin holes are provided on the connecting blocks and at the ends of the upper chord, rear diagonal, lower chord, front diagonal, and middle vertical members. The connecting blocks are connected to each member by inserting pins into the pin holes.

[0007] Furthermore, the front support is an inverted U-shaped groove structure that straddles the load-bearing beam, with a roller assembly at the top of its inner wall, and a low-resistance sliding plate that cooperates with the roller assembly at the top of the load-bearing beam.

[0008] Furthermore, the steel plate sling includes a first sling and a second sling. The top end of the first sling is connected to the front upper crossbeam, the middle part passes through the front end of the sliding beam, and the bottom end is connected to the front end of the bottom basket platform. The top end of the second sling is connected to the sliding beam, and the bottom end is connected to the tail end of the bottom basket platform. Both ends of the first sling and the second sling are provided with a number of equally spaced pin holes for connecting and adjusting the effective suspension length of the steel plate sling.

[0009] Furthermore, the top end of the first sling is connected to the front upper crossbeam via a spiral adjuster. The spiral adjuster includes a base fixedly connected to the front upper crossbeam and a nut seat screwed to the base. The top end of the nut seat is provided with a pin hole. The first sling is inserted through the nut seat and connected by inserting a pin shaft after aligning the pin hole of the first sling with the pin hole of the nut seat. The first sling is provided with a coaxial swivel ring, which divides the first sling into upper and lower parts that can rotate axially.

[0010] Furthermore, the composite anchoring system includes a rear anchor beam and a rear anchor rod. The rear anchor beam presses down on the tail of the rhomboid truss or the tail of the telescopic beam. The rear anchor rod passes through the rear anchor beam and through the anchoring hole reserved in the bridge top plate to fix the rear anchor beam.

[0011] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention also discloses an installation method for a prefabricated assembled diamond-shaped hanging basket, comprising the following steps: Step 1, Prefabrication of Hanging Basket: Produce the various components of the hanging basket in the prefabrication plant. Set pin holes at the ends of the upper chord, rear diagonal, lower chord, front diagonal, and middle vertical members of the diamond truss and hinge them end to end to form a diamond truss. Rotate the diamond truss around the hinge nodes at the ends of each member to form a stacked state. Transport it to the construction site along with other components of the hanging basket. Step 2, bridge deck pretreatment: clean the top plate of the bridge's zero block, construct and verify the reserved anchoring holes on the top plate, and then mark the longitudinal installation axis of the multiple diamond trusses on the top plate; Step 3, Install the basic components of the hanging basket traveling system: Install the load-bearing beam at the installation axis and place the front support on the load-bearing beam so that it can slide along the load-bearing beam; Step 4, Rhombus Truss Deployment Assembly and Anchoring: The stacked rhombus truss is hoisted to the top plate, and the hinge joints of its front diagonal members and lower chord are installed and fixed on the front support. The hinge joints of the upper chord and rear diagonal members are hoisted, so that each member of the rhombus truss rotates around the hinge joints and unfolds into a preset angle to form a rhombus shape. A central vertical bar is inserted between the hinge joint of the rear diagonal member and the lower chord and the hinge joint of the upper chord and the rear diagonal member. Fixed pins are inserted at the hinge joints of each member. Step 5, Connecting the hanging basket trusses: Repeat step 4, and after installing multiple diamond trusses in place, install transverse connecting systems between the central vertical members of each truss, and erect the front upper crossbeam at the front end of the main truss system formed by the connection of each truss. Step 6, Installation of the traveling system and suspension system: Install a horizontal hydraulic cylinder in the inner cavity of the lower chord and insert a telescopic beam connected to the horizontal hydraulic cylinder, anchoring the tail of the telescopic beam to the top plate; then fine-tune the main truss system to the predetermined construction position and anchor the tail of each diamond truss; then install the load-bearing hanger and rolling hanger according to the preset anchoring holes, and pass through the sliding beam, and install steel plate slings on the front upper crossbeam and the sliding beam; Step 7, Assembly and hoisting of the bottom basket platform: Assemble the bottom basket platform under the bridge and connect it to the lifting equipment. Set displacement sensors at the load-bearing lifting points of the bottom basket platform. The displacement sensors are connected to the external control module. Based on the displacement synchronization deviation control algorithm preset by the control module, the bottom basket platform is synchronously lifted to the design elevation and then connected to the steel plate sling. Step 8, Preloading of the hanging basket: Apply preloading to the installed hanging basket in stages, and adjust the height of the bottom basket platform for elevation compensation based on the deformation of the hanging basket caused by preloading.

[0012] Furthermore, in step 1, a special lifting lug is processed and installed at the hinge joint of the upper chord and the rear diagonal member; in step 4, the special lifting lug is lifted by a lifting device to unfold the diamond truss; after the single diamond truss is unfolded and the central vertical member is inserted, a step of temporarily preventing lateral tilting is also included using a hand-operated hoist and a steel wire rope to fix it, with one end of the steel wire rope connected to the special lifting lug and the other end connected to the pre-embedded tie ring on the top surface of the beam segment.

[0013] Furthermore, in step 6, fine-tuning the main truss system to the predetermined construction position includes the following steps: first, check and confirm that the anchorage at the tail of the telescopic beam is effective; then, start the horizontal hydraulic cylinder to advance its piston end, and under the reaction force of the anchorage at the tail of the telescopic beam, push the main truss system in the construction direction; after surveying and confirming that the positioning is accurate, anchor the tail of each diamond truss.

[0014] Furthermore, in step 7, the displacement synchronization deviation control algorithm includes: Data acquisition: First, each displacement sensor collects the lifting displacement data of each load-bearing lifting point in real time and transmits it to the control module to calculate the average displacement. Data analysis: The control module compares the real-time displacement of each load-bearing lifting point with the average value; Processing instructions: When the displacement difference at a certain point is greater than the preset allowable deviation, output a frequency conversion instruction to the lifting equipment at the corresponding load-bearing point to adjust the lifting speed of the lifting equipment. After the difference returns to the allowable deviation range, perform overall synchronous lifting.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The rhomboid truss of this invention adopts a hinged, foldable structure, allowing it to be stacked during transportation, reducing transport volume. At the construction site, the main components of the hanging basket can be quickly transformed from transport to working state by unfolding the truss and locking it with pins using lifting equipment. This technology changes the traditional method of transporting hanging basket components in bulk and large-scale on-site welding or bolting at high altitudes, significantly reducing the frequency of high-altitude drilling operations and lowering the exposure time of workers in high-altitude environments. This greatly improves the efficiency of on-site construction using the hanging basket.

[0016] 2. When the bottom basket platform of the above-mentioned hanging basket is lifted, the present invention uses multiple frequency conversion winches in conjunction with displacement sensors for synchronous lifting or lowering technology. The displacement synchronous deviation control model of the central control module is used for real-time correction, which solves the problem of precise control of large lifting equipment when using it in river crossings or complex geological environments, and realizes the overall smooth descent of the bottom basket platform, thus improving safety.

[0017] 3. Furthermore, regarding the suspension and adjustment of the hanging basket, this invention combines a spiral adjuster with a steel plate sling with a coaxial rotating ring. The micro-displacement adjustment capability of the spiral adjuster replaces the traditional method of adding shims or simple pin hole adjustment, resulting in a physical improvement in the elevation control accuracy of the bottom basket platform. This simplifies the elevation adjustment of the hanging basket and reduces the impact of high-altitude operations on the accuracy of the hanging basket's elevation control. In terms of the hanging basket's movement, by integrating a horizontal hydraulic cylinder and a telescopic beam within the lower chord, and cooperating with the rollers and low-resistance sliding plate structure of the front support, hydraulic drive traction and alternating anchoring of the telescopic beam and the tail of the diamond truss eliminate the need for frequent dismantling and installation of rails and multiple rail-pressing beams required in traditional hanging baskets. This improves the stability and accuracy of the hanging basket's movement. The larger stroke of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder also significantly improves the efficiency of the hanging basket's retraction and dismantling.

[0018] In summary, this invention ensures the cyclical efficiency of hanging basket installation, improves the safety of moving and suspending large components, effectively avoids construction risks caused by limited space or excessively long working hours at height, and provides reliable technical support for the rapid construction of long-span bridges. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the prefabricated assembled rhomboid hanging basket after installation in this invention. Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the prefabricated assembled rhomboid hanging basket of the present invention after installation; Figure 3 This is a sectional view of the rhomboid truss in its unfolded state in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overlapping state of the rhomboid trusses in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rhomboid truss and travel system structure in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the load-bearing beam and front support in this invention; Figure 7 This is a simplified schematic diagram of the lifting process of the bottom basket platform in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral regulator structure in this invention; Figure 9 A flowchart illustrating the steps of the prefabricated, assembled rhomboid hanging basket installation method of this invention.

[0020] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Diamond truss; 11. Top chord; 12. Rear diagonal member; 13. Bottom chord; 14. Front diagonal member; 15. Middle vertical member; 16. Connecting block; 17. Lateral connection system; 2. Traveling system; 21. Front support; 22. Load-bearing beam; 23. Low-resistance sliding plate; 24. Telescopic beam; 25. Roller assembly; 26. Diagonal brace; 27. Horizontal hydraulic cylinder; 3. Suspension system; 31. Load-bearing hanger; 32. Rolling hanger; 33. Sliding beam; 34. First lifting strap; 35. Second lifting strap; 36. Base; 37. Nut seat; 38. Coaxial swivel; 4. Composite anchoring system; 41. Rear anchor beam; 42. Rear anchor bolt; 5. Base basket platform; 6. Front upper beam; 7. Zero block; 8. Winch. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," etc., indicating directional or positional relationships are based on the directional or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. For example, "front" refers to the cantilever casting construction direction opposite to the zero block 7 of the bridge, and "rear" points to the direction of the zero block 7 of the bridge. This is only for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to an electrical connection or a mechanical connection; they can refer to an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific circumstances.

[0024] The accompanying drawings show various structural schematic diagrams according to embodiments disclosed in the present invention. These drawings are not drawn to scale, and some details may be enlarged or omitted for illustrative purposes.

[0025] Reference Figures 1 to 9This embodiment discloses a prefabricated assembled diamond-shaped hanging basket installation method, wherein the diamond-shaped hanging basket includes a main truss system, a traveling system 2, a bottom basket platform 5, a suspension system 3, and a composite anchoring system 4.

[0026] The main truss system is the load-bearing frame of the rhomboid hanging basket of this invention, such as... Figure 1 , 2 As shown, in this embodiment, it includes three symmetrically arranged rhomboid trusses 1 (the number of rhomboid trusses increases or decreases according to the transverse width of the bridge; for bridges with smaller spans, at least two rhomboid trusses are used). To ensure the overall spatial rigidity of the structure, the rhomboid trusses 1 are laterally connected by a truss-type or frame-type steel structure transverse connection system 17. Conventionally, the transverse connection system 17 adopts a truss-type steel structure, and the connection nodes between the transverse connection system 17 and the rhomboid trusses 1 use a combination of high-strength bolts and welding. The main body of the rhomboid truss 1 consists of an upper chord 11, a rear diagonal member 12, a lower chord 13, and a front diagonal member 14, which are sequentially hinged end-to-end to form a closed quadrilateral loop. Each member has a pin hole at its end, and each member is hinged to a connecting block 16 at its end. The connecting block 16 is welded from a thick steel plate, and its center has a pin hole that precisely matches the pin holes on each member of the rhomboid truss 1.

[0027] Specifically, the front end of the upper chord 11 and the upper end of the front diagonal bar 14 form a hinge point by inserting a pin through the pin hole and passing it through the connecting block 16; the rear end of the upper chord 11 and the upper end of the rear diagonal bar 12 form a hinge point; the bottom end of the rear diagonal bar 12 and the rear end of the lower chord 13 form a hinge point; the front end of the lower chord 13 and the bottom end of the front diagonal bar 14 form a hinge point. (Refer to...) Figure 3 and Figure 4 Each member of the rhomboid truss 1 can rotate around the aforementioned hinge point, allowing the rhomboid truss 1 to have both a stacked state and a rhomboid state. In the stacked state, the upper chord 11 and the lower chord 13 are arranged in parallel, and the overall height of the stacked rhomboid truss 1 is 1 / 3 to 1 / 4 of the height in the rhomboid state. When the rhomboid truss 1 unfolds from the stacked state to the rhomboid state at the designed angle, a central vertical bar 15 is connected between the intersection connecting block 16 of the upper chord 11 and the rear diagonal bar 12, and the intersection connecting block 16 of the lower chord 13 and the front diagonal bar 14. The central vertical bar 15 also has several pin holes at both ends, and is locked by connecting the corresponding connecting blocks 16 with intersecting high-strength pins. The design of multiple pin holes allows the rhomboid truss 1 to be locked by the central vertical bar 15 even when unfolded to different angles. The addition of the central vertical member 15 divides the original quadrilateral flexible loop into two triangular rigid regions, thereby making the rhomboid truss 1 a rigid geometrically invariant system capable of bearing the vertical loads and longitudinal horizontal forces during subsequent construction. After the rhomboid trusses 1 are connected into a whole by the transverse connecting system, a front upper crossbeam 6 is also erected at the front end of the main truss system.

[0028] In this embodiment, each member of the rhomboid truss 1 is made of rectangular square tubes through hot rolling in one piece. The use of rectangular square tube steel reduces the total weight of the rhomboid truss 1. Combined with a four-node hinged circuit, each member of the rhomboid truss 1 can easily rotate around the pin shaft, so that the truss can be stacked to facilitate transportation, or unfolded into a rhomboid state to enter the working state, thereby improving the transportation and installation efficiency of the truss.

[0029] The traveling system 2 is responsible for supporting and driving the main truss system to move longitudinally along the bridge, and includes a front support 21, a load-bearing beam 22, a telescopic beam 24, and a horizontal hydraulic cylinder 27. Specifically, the load-bearing beam 22 is laid flat on the upper surface of the bridge top slab, and its material is an assembly of I-beams or channel steel. A low-resistance sliding plate 23 with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) surface layer is fixed on the load-bearing beam 22 to reduce the coefficient of friction. The front support 21 is located at the bottom front end of the lower chord 13 of the rhomboid truss 1, and its overall shape is an inverted U-shaped channel steel structure, straddling the load-bearing beam 22. Figure 6 As shown, a roller assembly 25 is installed on the inner top wall of the front support 21 via a support shaft. The roller assembly 25 forms a rolling engagement with the low-resistance sliding plate 23 of the load-bearing beam 22. The lower chord of the rhomboid truss 1 adopts a box-section structure, forming a longitudinally penetrating inner cavity. The telescopic beam 24 is inserted into the inner cavity and forms a sliding engagement with the lower chord 13. The tail of the telescopic beam 24 is installed on the bridge top plate through a diagonal brace 26 fixedly connected to it. One end of the diagonal brace 26 is welded to the tail of the telescopic beam 24, and the other end is connected to an anchor embedded in the bridge top plate.

[0030] The horizontal hydraulic cylinder 27 is located inside the lower chord, and the piston end of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 27 is horizontally connected to the telescopic beam 24. When the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 27 is compressed and extended, if the telescopic beam 24 is fixed, the reaction force will push the lower chord 13 and the entire rhomboid truss 1 forward; if the lower chord 13 is fixed, the movement of the piston rod will cause the telescopic beam 24 to slide in the inner cavity.

[0031] Reference Figure 2The suspension system 3 is used to suspend the bottom basket platform 5 below the main truss system and to move forward with the main truss system. It includes several load-bearing hangers 31 and rolling hangers 32 anchored and suspended below the bridge top slab, a sliding beam 33 passing through the load-bearing hangers 31 and rolling hangers 32 and extending longitudinally along the bridge, and several steel plate slings. Specifically, in this example, the load-bearing hangers 31 and rolling hangers 32 are anchored to pre-set anchor holes in the top slab by threaded anchor bolts. The suspension height of each hanger can be adjusted by the threaded anchor bolts. The bottom of the rolling hanger 32 is provided with rollers perpendicular to the sliding beam 33 and capable of axial rotation, so that when the sliding beam 33 falls on the rolling hanger 32, it can move longitudinally along the bridge under the action of the rollers. The bottom basket platform is suspended below the bridge by the steel plate slings as a cantilever casting construction site. The cooperation between the sliding beam 33 and the load-bearing hangers 31 and rolling hangers 32 provides guidance and positioning assistance for the movement of the bottom basket platform 5. It should be noted that the bearing hanger 31 and the rolling hanger 32 are at different heights when initially installed, so that the load transmitted by the sliding beam 33 is borne by the bearing hanger 31, while the rolling hanger 32 only comes into contact with the sliding beam 33 when the basket moves later by lowering the height of the bearing hanger 31 to lower the sliding beam 33.

[0032] The bottom basket platform 5 is suspended below the bridge by the steel plate slings to serve as the cantilever casting construction site.

[0033] Reference Figure 5 The composite anchoring system 4 is the safety guarantee for the hanging basket against overturning. This composite anchoring system 4 consists of two sets. The first set uses a rear anchor beam 41 to press against the tail of the telescopic beam 24. The rear anchor beam 41 is horizontally positioned and presses against the upper surface of the tail of the telescopic beam 24. The rear anchor rod 42 passes vertically through the rear anchor beam 41 and extends into the anchoring hole in the bridge top slab, where it is fixed by an anchor plate and a nut. The rear anchor rod 42 passes through a pre-reserved vertical hole in the top slab, and its bottom end is anchored to the lower surface of the top slab using an anchor plate and a nut. The second set targets the tail of the rhomboid truss 1, specifically located at the node where the lower chord and the rear diagonal member connect.

[0034] Furthermore, in the suspension system, the steel plate slings adopt a high-strength porous steel strip structure, comprising a first sling 34 and a second sling 35. The upper end of the first sling 34 is connected to the front upper crossbeam 6 via a pin, the middle part passes through the front end of the sliding beam 33, and the bottom end is connected to the front end of the bottom basket platform 5. The top end of the second sling 35 is hinged to the middle and rear section of the sliding beam 33, and the bottom end is connected to the rear end of the bottom basket platform 5.

[0035] Furthermore, since the bridge slabs constructed using cantilever casting often have variable cross-sections, the relative height of the base platform 5 needs to be adjusted multiple times as the casting operation progresses. Therefore, in this invention, both ends of the first lifting strap 34 and the second lifting strap 35 are provided with several equidistantly arranged pin holes. The first lifting strap 34 and the second lifting strap 35 are connected to the rhomboid truss 1, the sliding beam 33, and the base platform 5 respectively by inserting pins into the pin holes. Further still, referring to... Figure 2 and Figure 8 The top end of the first sling 34 is connected to a spiral adjuster for adjusting the relative length of the slings. The spiral adjuster includes a base 36 mounted on the front upper crossbeam 6 and a nut seat 37 screwed onto the base 36. The top end of the nut seat 37 is provided with a pin hole. The first sling 34 is inserted through the nut seat 37 and connected by inserting a pin after aligning the pin hole of the first sling 34 with the pin hole of the nut seat 37. In addition, a coaxial swivel ring 38 is provided in the middle of the first sling 34, dividing the first sling 34 into upper and lower parts that can rotate axially. Specifically, the coaxial swivel ring can be set as a swivel ring structure that can be axially interlocked and withstand axial tension to prevent the first sling 34 from twisting and jamming during length adjustment.

[0036] In this embodiment, when performing cantilever casting construction, the pin holes at different positions on the steel plate sling are first connected to the various components of the hanging basket. For example, the spacing between the pin holes is set to 10cm, which allows the height of the bottom basket platform 5 to be coarsely adjusted in multiples of 10cm. In this example, the height of the nut seat 37 of the screw adjuster is set to 10cm, and the screw pitch is preferably 1mm, that is, when the nut seat 37 rotates 180°, the position of the sling changes by 0.5mm. When adjusting the height of the base platform, the effective length of the slings can be precisely changed within a 10cm range by manually or mechanically rotating the screw adjuster and utilizing the threaded transmission principle. Combined with the coaxial rotating ring 38 in the middle of the first sling 34, it can be ensured that the upper part will not rotate the lower part of the first sling 34 when the nut seat 37 is rotated. The operator only needs to rotate the nut seat 37 to drive the first sling 34 to rise and fall as a whole, accurately adjusting the elevation of the front end of the base platform 5. The elevation of the rear end of the base platform 5 is adjusted by the threaded anchor rod of the bearing hanger 31. By adjusting the anchorage length of the threaded anchor rod, the sliding beam 33 is raised or lowered, thereby driving the base platform 5 to adjust accordingly. The above two elevation adjustment methods make the construction process of the base platform 5 quickly adapt to the construction requirements of the variable cross-section beam segment. Compared with the traditional method of adjusting the elevation by adding or removing shims, the adjustment accuracy is higher and the operation is more convenient.

[0037] In the initial stage of bridge cantilever construction, the formwork needs to be installed on the construction site. This invention uses the aforementioned prefabricated assembled formwork and also discloses an installation method including the following steps: Step 1: First, carry out the prefabrication preparation work for the hanging basket: Select high-strength rectangular steel square tubes as the main raw materials in the prefabrication plant, process each member of the diamond truss 1 of the hanging basket, and simultaneously produce other components of the hanging basket.

[0038] Specifically, during factory assembly, the upper chord 11, rear diagonal member 12, lower chord 13, and front diagonal member 14 are connected end-to-end via connecting blocks 16. Connecting blocks 16 also have several pin holes, through which high-strength pins pass to achieve hinged and locked connections with each member. Without the central vertical member 15 inserted, the members are rotated around connecting blocks 16 using lifting equipment, bringing them closer together and ultimately folding them into a parallel, stacked state, reducing the space occupied by the main truss during transportation. When transported to the narrow working area of ​​the bridge construction site, this folded state reduces the requirements for the width of transport vehicles and the turning radius for high-altitude hoisting.

[0039] It should be noted that special lifting lugs are pre-welded to the hinge joint between the upper chord 11 and the rear diagonal member 12 to facilitate the hoisting operation. Finally, the folded rhomboid truss 1 and the remaining bulk components are sorted, loaded, and transported to the bridge construction site by transport vehicles.

[0040] Step 2: After the precast components arrive at the site, bridge deck pretreatment begins. Construction workers smooth the top surface of the initial bridge beam segments, removing laitance, gravel, and other debris. Based on the design drawings, the coordinate accuracy of the pre-embedded anchor holes on the top slab is checked to ensure that subsequent anchors can pass through smoothly. Using a total station and other surveying instruments, the longitudinal centerline of the bridge is marked on the top slab surface. Using this as a reference, the longitudinal installation axes of the multiple rhomboid trusses 1 are symmetrically marked on both sides.

[0041] Step 3, then proceed to the installation stage of the basic part of the hanging basket traveling system 2. Lay the front support 21 and the load-bearing beam 22 of the traveling system 2 on the top plate along the marked installation axis, and make the front support 21 rest on the load-bearing beam 22 so that it can slide relative to the load-bearing beam 22.

[0042] Step 4: Next, the rhomboid truss 1 is assembled by unfolding: the rhomboid truss 1 in its stacked state is hoisted to the predetermined position using bridge deck crane equipment. First, the hinge joint between the front diagonal member 14 and the lower chord 13 is connected and locked to the front support 21. The crane equipment is operated, and the special lifting lug at the connection between the upper chord 11 and the rear diagonal member 12 is hooked by a wire rope. As the crane slowly lifts, the members of the rhomboid truss 1 rotate relative to each other around the pins at the connecting blocks 16, and the truss gradually unfolds from the stacked state to a rhomboid state at a preset angle. The central vertical member 15 is installed, and then the construction workers insert prepared high-strength fixing pins into the remaining pin holes of each connecting block 16 to rigidly lock the rhomboid truss 1.

[0043] After the single rhomboid truss 1 is unfolded and the central vertical rod 15 is installed, a hand-operated hoist is used in conjunction with an auxiliary steel wire rope to prevent lateral tilting. One end of the auxiliary steel wire rope is fixed to a special lifting lug, and the other end is connected to a tie ring pre-embedded on the top surface of the beam segment, further ensuring the stability and safety of the rhomboid truss 1 during its unfolding process.

[0044] Step 5: Next, a predetermined number of rhomboid trusses 1 are installed sequentially on their respective installation axes. A transverse connection system 17 is installed between the central vertical members 15 of each truss. A front upper crossbeam 6 is transversely erected at the front end of the upper chord member 11 of each truss. The multiple rhomboid trusses 1 are constructed into an overall frame of the bridge hanging basket structure to enhance the transverse stability of the structure.

[0045] Step 6, further installation of the traveling system 2 and suspension system 3: A horizontal hydraulic cylinder 27 is arranged in the inner cavity of the lower chord 13, and the telescopic beam 24 of the traveling system 2 is inserted from the tail opening of the lower chord 13, connecting the front end of the telescopic beam 24 to the piston end of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 27. The tail of the telescopic beam 24 is then clamped and anchored using another set of composite anchoring systems 4. Next, the main truss system is fine-tuned to the predetermined construction position: First, the anchoring of the telescopic beam tail is checked and confirmed to be effective; then, the horizontal hydraulic cylinder is activated to advance its piston end, and under the reaction force of the telescopic beam tail anchoring, the main truss system is pushed in the construction direction; after surveying and confirming accurate positioning, the tails of each rhomboid truss are anchored.

[0046] At the pre-reserved anchoring holes in the top slab, a downward-extending load-bearing hanger 31 and a rolling hanger 32 are typically installed using high-strength threaded anchor bolts. A sliding beam 33 is inserted through the hanger, ensuring that the front end of the sliding beam 33 is flush with the front upper crossbeam 6 in the longitudinal direction. Several steel plate slings are installed at the predetermined suspension points of the front upper crossbeam 6 and the sliding beam 33.

[0047] Step 7: Assemble the basket platform on the ground under the bridge and install displacement sensors at multiple load-bearing points of the basket platform. For example, use wire-type displacement sensors connected to an external control module. Lay a cantilevered bottom template on the frame base plate of the basket platform. Then, lift the basket platform using lifting equipment according to the design elevation corresponding to the cantilevered casting, and connect the basket platform to the steel plate sling. In this embodiment, the lifting equipment is a winch 8 with variable frequency speed control, installed on the bridge surface at multiple load-bearing points corresponding to the basket platform. The wire rope of the winch 8 extends downward through a steering pulley and is connected to the load-bearing points of the basket platform 5.

[0048] The displacement sensor is used to monitor the upward displacement data of various positions on the basket platform in real time. Specifically, the control module is connected to the winch 8 when lifting the basket platform. The control module runs a displacement synchronization deviation control algorithm: during lifting, the control module sends operating frequency commands to each winch 8 according to the preset synchronization control logic, so that multiple winches 8 wind up and down the wire rope at the same linear speed. During the lifting process, the displacement sensor collects the lifting displacement data of each load-bearing lifting point of the basket platform in real time, transmits it to the control module to calculate their average displacement, and the control module compares the difference between the real-time displacement of each load-bearing lifting point and the average displacement. If a certain point... If the displacement is greater than the average value and the difference between it and the average value is greater than the preset allowable deviation (set to 5cm in this embodiment), then a frequency conversion command is output to the winch 8 at the corresponding load-bearing point to correct the speed of the motor of the corresponding winch 8 in real time, so that the speed of the winch is reduced (or increased) by 10% to 30%. After the remaining load-bearing points and the adjusted winch 8 reach the same height, and the differences return to the deviation range, the speed of the winch 8 is restored, so that all the winches 8 are lifted synchronously until the bottom basket platform is smoothly lifted to the preset elevation position.

[0049] Step 8: After the overall installation of the hanging basket is completed, pre-load the hanging basket. According to the design load ratio, typically 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, and 120% of the design load, apply load in stages. After the final load stage is completed, observe the load and measure the deformation of the hanging basket structure. After each load stage is completed and left to stand for a predetermined time, record the deformation data of the bottom basket platform using the displacement sensor described in Step 7. After the maximum load is applied, load observation is conducted, typically for more than 24 hours, to obtain the elastic and inelastic deformation of the hanging basket structure under pressure and the resulting deformation of the bottom basket platform. This provides a basis for formwork elevation compensation during subsequent beam segment construction. Before formal pouring, based on the aforementioned deformation, the effective suspension height of the suspension system 3 is adjusted. Specifically, in this example, the following method is used: Since the sliding beam 33 rests on the bearing hanger 31, the threaded anchor rods of the bearing hanger 31 are first adjusted to gradually reduce the suspension length of the bearing hanger 31, thereby lifting the sliding beam 33 and the rear end of the bottom basket platform 5 upwards. The nut seat 37 of the screw adjuster is rotated to adjust the effective suspension length of the first sling 34, thereby lifting the front end of the bottom basket platform 5 upwards.

[0050] Through the coordination of the aforementioned components and the logical connection of each step, this method realizes the entire process of the hanging basket, from factory prefabrication and folding transportation to on-site deployment and hydraulic travel positioning. Each link solves the efficiency and safety bottlenecks in traditional construction through specific physical structures and control methods. The prefabricated folding design of the truss reduces the degree of freedom in high-altitude assembly, the optimized design of the travel system 2 improves the efficiency of the movement process, and the synchronous lifting of the base basket provides the technical means for independent operation in complex environments.

[0051] To aid in understanding the traveling system, this application, based on the aforementioned technical solution, supplements the description of the reversing process of traveling system 2 during the hanging basket removal phase: After the hanging basket is dismantled and the bottom basket is lowered, the remaining structure of the hanging basket on the bridge is moved backward. The composite anchoring system 4 at the tail of the telescopic beam 24 is released, and the piston rod of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 27 is extended to push the telescopic beam 24 a certain distance behind the hanging basket before re-anchoring it. The front support 21 is lifted using jacks, causing the internal roller assembly 25 to disengage from the load-bearing beam 22. After pulling the load-bearing beam 22 backward, the front support 21 is lowered to re-engage with the load-bearing beam 22. The composite anchoring system 4 at the tail of the rhomboid truss 1 is released, and the piston rod of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 27 is retracted. Since the telescopic beam 24 is already anchored, the retraction of the piston rod will pull the lower chord 13 and the entire rhomboid truss 1 to slide backward along the load-bearing beam 22. Through this alternating release and anchoring of the composite anchoring system 4 between the telescopic beam 24 and the tail of the main truss, the remaining structure of the hanging basket is moved to the top of the bridge pier or the predetermined dismantling position.

[0052] With the cooperation of the aforementioned traveling system 2 and composite anchoring system 4, the tail end of the telescopic beam 24 of the rhomboid truss 1 is fixed by the composite anchoring system 4 during the movement, while the front end is always embedded in the lower chord 13, so that the anchoring force of the composite anchoring system 4 can always be transmitted to the rhomboid truss 1, providing a stable anti-tilting anchoring effect for the hanging basket; and after moving into place, another set of composite anchoring systems is used to fix the rhomboid truss 1 before the telescopic beam 24 is moved.

[0053] Traditional hanging baskets rely on jacking and through-hole jacks, with a single advance stroke of only 15 to 60 cm. However, the hanging basket of this invention, through the cooperation of the load-bearing beam and the front support, changes the traditional hanging basket's movement method that relies on long-distance external tracks and through-hole jacks. The single forward movement stroke can reach up to 5 m, which can be set according to the specifications of the load-bearing beam and the progress of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder. Moreover, the alternating and coordinated operation of the two sets of composite anchoring systems 4 enables the hanging basket to move while always being anchored, which greatly improves the travel efficiency of subsequent cantilever pouring construction and hanging basket dismantling.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prefabricated, assembled diamond-shaped hanging basket, characterized in that, include: The main truss system includes at least two rhomboid trusses connected by a transverse linkage. Each rhomboid truss comprises an upper chord, a rear diagonal member, a lower chord, a front diagonal member, and a central vertical member, all made of hot-rolled rectangular tubing. The upper chord, rear diagonal member, lower chord, and front diagonal member are sequentially hinged together. The rhomboid truss is configured to rotate around its hinged nodes to switch between a stacked state and a rhomboid state. In the rhomboid state, the central vertical member is positioned between the hinged nodes of the upper chord and the rear diagonal member, and the lower chord and the front diagonal member. A front upper crossbeam is erected at the front end of the main truss system. The running system includes a load-bearing beam installed on the upper surface of the bridge top plate, a front support installed at the bottom of the hinge node between the lower chord and the front diagonal member, a telescopic beam fitted into the inner cavity of the lower chord and capable of sliding relative to the lower chord, and a horizontal hydraulic cylinder. The telescopic beam is connected to the bridge top plate through a diagonal brace fixed at the tail. The horizontal hydraulic cylinder is located inside the lower chord, and its piston end is horizontally connected to the front end of the telescopic beam. The suspension system includes several load-bearing hangers anchored and suspended below the top slab of the bridge, a rolling hanger, a sliding beam passing through the load-bearing hangers and the rolling hangers, and several steel plate slings. The bottom of the rolling hanger is provided with rollers for moving the sliding beam relative to the rolling hanger. The composite anchoring system is configured in two sets: one set anchors the tail of the telescopic beam, and the other set anchors the tail of the rhomboid truss. The base platform is suspended below the bridge by the steel plate slings to serve as the cantilever casting construction site.

2. The prefabricated assembled diamond-shaped hanging basket according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rhomboid truss also includes connecting blocks disposed at the hinge nodes of the upper chord, rear diagonal, lower chord, and front diagonal. Several pin holes are provided on the connecting blocks and at the ends of the upper chord, rear diagonal, lower chord, front diagonal, and middle vertical members. The connecting blocks are connected to each member by inserting pins into the pin holes.

3. A prefabricated, assembled diamond-shaped hanging basket according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front support is an inverted U-shaped trough structure that straddles the load-bearing beam. A roller assembly is provided on the top of its inner wall, and a low-resistance sliding plate that cooperates with the roller assembly is provided on the top of the load-bearing beam.

4. A prefabricated, assembled diamond-shaped hanging basket according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steel plate sling includes a first sling and a second sling. The top end of the first sling is connected to the front upper crossbeam, the middle part passes through the front end of the sliding beam, and the bottom end is connected to the front end of the bottom basket platform. The top end of the second sling is connected to the sliding beam, and the bottom end is connected to the tail end of the bottom basket platform. Both ends of the first sling and the second sling are provided with a number of equally spaced pin holes for connecting and adjusting the effective suspension length of the steel plate sling.

5. A prefabricated, assembled diamond-shaped hanging basket according to claim 4, characterized in that, The top end of the first sling is connected to the front upper crossbeam via a spiral adjuster. The spiral adjuster includes a base fixedly connected to the front upper crossbeam and a nut seat screwed to the base. The top end of the nut seat is provided with a pin hole. The first sling is inserted through the nut seat and connected by inserting a pin shaft after aligning the pin hole of the first sling with the pin hole of the nut seat. The first sling is provided with a coaxial swivel ring, which divides the first sling into upper and lower parts that can rotate axially.

6. The installation method of a prefabricated assembled diamond-shaped hanging basket according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite anchoring system includes a rear anchor beam and a rear anchor rod. The rear anchor beam presses down on the tail of the rhomboid truss or the tail of the telescopic beam. The rear anchor rod passes through the rear anchor beam and through the anchoring hole reserved in the top plate of the bridge to fix the rear anchor beam.

7. A method for installing a prefabricated, assembled diamond-shaped hanging basket, characterized in that, Installation using the diamond-shaped hanging basket according to any one of claims 1-6 includes the following steps: Step 1, Prefabrication of Hanging Basket: Produce the various components of the hanging basket in the prefabrication plant. Set pin holes at the ends of the upper chord, rear diagonal, lower chord, front diagonal, and middle vertical members of the diamond truss and hinge them end to end to form a diamond truss. Rotate the diamond truss around the hinge nodes at the ends of each member to form a stacked state. Transport it to the construction site along with other components of the hanging basket. Step 2, bridge deck pretreatment: clean the top plate of the bridge's zero block, construct and verify the reserved anchoring holes on the top plate, and then mark the longitudinal installation axis of the multiple diamond trusses on the top plate; Step 3, Install the basic components of the hanging basket traveling system: Install the load-bearing beam at the installation axis and place the front support on the load-bearing beam so that it can slide along the load-bearing beam; Step 4, Rhombus Truss Deployment Assembly and Anchoring: The stacked rhombus truss is hoisted to the top plate, and the hinge joints of its front diagonal members and lower chord are installed and fixed on the front support. The hinge joints of the upper chord and rear diagonal members are hoisted, so that each member of the rhombus truss rotates around the hinge joints and unfolds into a preset angle to form a rhombus shape. A central vertical bar is inserted between the hinge joint of the rear diagonal member and the lower chord and the hinge joint of the upper chord and the rear diagonal member. Fixed pins are inserted at the hinge joints of each member. Step 5, Connecting the hanging basket trusses: Repeat step 4, and after installing multiple diamond trusses in place, install transverse connecting systems between the central vertical members of each truss, and erect the front upper crossbeam at the front end of the main truss system formed by the connection of each truss. Step 6, Installation of the traveling system and suspension system: Install a horizontal hydraulic cylinder in the inner cavity of the lower chord and insert a telescopic beam connected to the horizontal hydraulic cylinder, anchoring the tail of the telescopic beam to the top plate; then fine-tune the main truss system to the predetermined construction position and anchor the tail of each diamond truss; then install the load-bearing hanger and rolling hanger according to the preset anchoring holes, and pass through the sliding beam, and install steel plate slings on the front upper crossbeam and the sliding beam; Step 7, Assembly and hoisting of the bottom basket platform: Assemble the bottom basket platform under the bridge and connect it to the lifting equipment. Set displacement sensors at the load-bearing lifting points of the bottom basket platform. The displacement sensors are connected to the external control module. Based on the displacement synchronization deviation control algorithm preset by the control module, the bottom basket platform is synchronously lifted to the design elevation and then connected to the steel plate sling. Step 8, Preloading of the hanging basket: Apply preloading to the installed hanging basket in stages, and adjust the height of the bottom basket platform for elevation compensation based on the deformation of the hanging basket caused by preloading.

8. The installation method of a prefabricated assembled diamond-shaped hanging basket according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step 1, a special lifting lug is also processed and installed at the hinge joint of the upper chord and the rear diagonal member; in step 4, the special lifting lug is lifted by a lifting device to unfold the diamond truss; after the single diamond truss is unfolded and the central vertical member is inserted, a step of temporarily preventing lateral tilting is also included using a hand-operated hoist and a steel wire rope to fix it, with one end of the steel wire rope connected to the special lifting lug and the other end connected to the pre-embedded tie ring on the top surface of the beam segment.

9. The installation method of a prefabricated assembled diamond-shaped hanging basket according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 6, fine-tuning the main truss system to the predetermined construction position includes the following steps: First, check and confirm that the anchorage at the tail of the telescopic beam is effective; then, start the horizontal hydraulic cylinder to advance its piston end, and under the reaction force of the anchorage at the tail of the telescopic beam, push the main truss system in the construction direction; after surveying and confirming that the positioning is accurate, anchor the tail of each diamond truss.

10. The installation method of a prefabricated assembled diamond-shaped hanging basket according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step 7, the displacement synchronization deviation control algorithm includes: Data acquisition: First, each displacement sensor collects the lifting displacement data of each load-bearing lifting point in real time and transmits it to the control module to calculate the average displacement. Data analysis: The control module compares the real-time displacement of each load-bearing lifting point with the average value; Processing instructions: When the displacement difference at a certain point is greater than the preset allowable deviation, output a frequency conversion instruction to the lifting equipment at the corresponding load-bearing point to adjust the lifting speed of the lifting equipment. After the difference returns to the allowable deviation range, perform overall synchronous lifting.

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