An automatically opening and closing cabin door

Abstract

This utility model discloses an automatically opening and closing cabin door, including a door frame, a door body, a pivot, a cylinder, and an angle limiting component. The angle limiting component includes a fixed shell and a pneumatic box. The fixed shell contains a fixed arm, a guide shaft, a built-in slider, and elastic elements. The cylinder can not only drive the telescopic rod to open and close the door, but also drive the angle limiting component through the pneumatic box to limit the opening and closing angle of the door body, so that the door body can maintain a state other than "fully open / fully closed". The cylinder can drive the angle limiting component and the telescopic rod separately through a three-way control valve. The angle limiting component and the telescopic rod can be used independently. That is, after the door body is pushed or pulled to a certain opening degree by hand, the opening degree of the door can also be limited by the angle limiting component alone, so that the door body can stably stop and maintain any intermediate angle position according to actual needs, which greatly improves the practicality of the cabin door and can better adapt to diverse shipping needs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of shipbuilding and repair technology and cabin door technology, and in particular to an automatic opening and closing cabin door. Background Technology

[0002] Hatch doors are a crucial component of a ship's cabins, their core function being to effectively isolate compartments, ensuring the ship's watertightness and airtightness. In emergencies (such as fire or flooding), they play a vital role in preventing and delaying the spread of danger, making them essential facilities for ensuring the safe operation of a vessel. Currently, pneumatic control systems, utilizing cylinders as drive and actuators, are used to achieve automatic opening and closing of hatch doors. However, this traditional cylinder-based control method has a significant drawback: it typically only controls and maintains the door in either a fully open or fully closed state, failing to reliably and stably maintain it at a specific intermediate opening. This "either open or closed" two-state control mode brings several inconveniences in practical use: Firstly, it limits ventilation and air exchange needs: during normal, stable navigation, it may be necessary to open hatches for ventilation, but it's not advisable to leave them completely open. Current technology cannot meet the need for "partial opening" or "fixed-angle opening" to balance ventilation and safety. Secondly, it lacks adaptability to different scenarios: different usage scenarios have different requirements for the opening degree of the door. For example, when it is necessary to pass small items, temporarily wire, or observe the situation, the optimal opening degree is not always fully open.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the door can be stably maintained at any intermediate angle position as needed, while retaining the core safety function of automatically opening and closing the cabin door. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to develop an automatically opening and closing cabin door, so that the cabin door can be opened and closed at any angle, thereby improving the practicality of the cabin door and enabling it to better adapt to diverse shipping needs.

[0005] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: An automatically opening and closing cabin door includes a door frame, a door body, a cylinder, a pivot fixedly connected to the door body, an angle limiting component and an elastic element disposed on the door frame, wherein the door body is rotatably connected to the door frame via the pivot. The cylinder is connected to the first pneumatic chamber and the second pneumatic chamber via a three-way control valve. The first pneumatic chamber is used to drive the telescopic rod to control the opening and closing of the door relative to the door frame. The angle limiting assembly includes a fixed shell and a pneumatic box; the rotating shaft passes vertically through the fixed shell, and a fixed arm extending longitudinally perpendicular to the rotating shaft is provided inside the fixed shell. Two guide shafts are slidably connected to the fixed arm, and the two guide shafts are respectively located on the radial sides of the rotating shaft. A clamping block is provided on the side of the guide shaft near the rotating shaft. The second pneumatic cavity is located inside the pneumatic box, and the pneumatic box is connected to a pneumatically driven drive shaft. The drive shaft drives the guide shaft to slide longitudinally along the fixed arm, so that the two guide shafts can move towards each other in the longitudinal direction, thereby causing the two clamping blocks to hug the rotating shaft. The elastic element is disposed between the two guide shafts to maintain the tendency of the two guide shafts to drive the clamping block away from the rotating shaft.

[0006] The beneficial effects of the above scheme are as follows: the elastic element maintains the tendency of the two guide shafts to drive the clamping block away from the rotating shaft, so that the rotating shaft of the cabin door can rotate freely in an uncontrolled state. The cylinder drives the telescopic rod through the first pneumatic chamber to control the opening and closing of the door body relative to the door frame. Through the three-way control valve, the angle limiting component can be used in conjunction with the telescopic rod or independently. After the door body is opened to a certain angle, the angle limiting component is driven by the pneumatic box to limit the rotating shaft, thereby limiting the opening and closing angle of the door body. In addition to automatic opening and closing, after the door body is manually pushed and pulled to a certain opening degree, the angle limiting component can also be used to limit the opening degree of the door through the three-way control valve. This allows the door body to stop stably and maintain any intermediate angle position according to actual needs, greatly improving the practicality of the cabin door and enabling it to better adapt to diverse shipping needs.

[0007] In one feasible embodiment, the pneumatic box has internal holes on both longitudinal sidewalls that are connected to the cylinders. The pneumatic box has two longitudinally sliding built-in sliders. The built-in sliders are slidably and sealingly connected to the inner wall of the first pneumatic cavity, so that a sealed air cavity is formed between each built-in slider and the longitudinal sidewall of the pneumatic box that is close to it. Each built-in slider is connected to a guide shaft through a drive shaft. An expansion spring is provided between the two built-in sliders, and the expansion spring maintains the tendency of the two built-in sliders to move away from each other.

[0008] Furthermore, a fixing block is fixedly installed at the center of the pneumatic box, and two built-in sliders are located on the longitudinal sides of the fixing block, with an outward expansion spring between the fixing block and the two built-in sliders.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner hole of the pneumatic box is connected to an air inlet terminal, which extends to the surface of the pneumatic box, and the inner hole is connected to the cylinder via the air inlet terminal.

[0010] In one feasible embodiment, the surface of the built-in slider near the side of the outward expansion spring is provided with a longitudinally extending extension section. The end of the extension section is bent to form a recessed opening facing the built-in slider. The inner wall of the pneumatic box is provided with an insertion section that longitudinally pushes into the recessed opening. When the two built-in sliders move longitudinally to an extreme close position, the extension sections of the two built-in sliders abut against each other and limit each other, protecting the outward expansion spring from being over-compressed. When the built-in sliders move to an extreme far apart position, the insertion section pushes into the recessed opening to limit the built-in sliders.

[0011] In one feasible embodiment, a sealing groove is provided between the built-in slider and the pneumatic box, and a sealing ring is installed in the sealing groove.

[0012] In one feasible embodiment, the clamping block has an arc surface on the side facing the rotating shaft that matches the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft; furthermore, the surface of the arc surface is provided with a friction layer made of polyurethane material to enhance the friction force, so that the clamping block holds the rotating shaft tightly to prevent the rotating shaft from rotating. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the angle limiting component in the embodiment; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 5 for Figure 3 A magnified view of point C in the middle.

[0014] In the diagram: 11. Door frame; 12. Door body; 21. First mounting plate; 22. Second mounting plate; 23. Rotating shaft; 31. Mounting seat; 32. Cylinder; 321. Telescopic rod; 33. Three-way control valve; 34. Electronic valve; 41. Fixed housing; 42. Fixed arm; 43. Guide shaft; 44. Pressing block; 441. Friction layer; 45. Pressing area; 51. Pneumatic box; 52. Second pneumatic chamber; 53. Built-in slider; 54. Drive shaft; 55. Perforation; 61. Fixed block; 62. Outward expansion spring; 71. Sealing air chamber; 72. Inner hole; 73. Inner channel; 74. Air inlet terminal; 81. Extension section; 83. Recessed opening; 84. Top entry section; 91. Sealing groove; 92. Sealing ring. Detailed Implementation

[0015] First, those skilled in the art should understand that the following embodiments are merely used to explain the technical principles of the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art can make adjustments as needed to adapt to specific application scenarios.

[0016] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0017] In the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0018] To make the objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Example An automatically opening and closing cabin door includes a door frame 11, a door body 12, a cylinder 32, a pivot 23 fixedly connected to the door body 12, an angle limiting component disposed on the door frame 11, and an elastic element disposed between two guide shafts 43. The door body 12 is rotatably connected to the door frame 11 via the pivot 23. The door frame 11 has a plurality of first mounting plates 21 arranged vertically at intervals on one side, and the same pivot 23 is rotatably mounted on each of the first mounting plates 21. The door body 12 has a plurality of second mounting plates 22 fixed to the pivot 23 on the side near the pivot 23. The cylinder 32 is connected to the first pneumatic chamber and the second pneumatic chamber through the three-way control valve 33. The first pneumatic chamber is used to drive the telescopic rod 322 to control the opening and closing of the door body 12 relative to the door frame 11. The angle limiting assembly includes a fixed shell 41 and a pneumatic box 51; the rotating shaft 23 extends vertically through the fixed shell 41, and a fixed arm 42 extending longitudinally perpendicular to the rotating shaft 23 is provided inside the fixed shell 41. Two guide shafts 43 are slidably connected to the fixed arm 42, and the two guide shafts 43 are respectively located on the radial sides of the rotating shaft 23. A clamping block 44 is provided on the side of the guide shaft 43 near the rotating shaft 23. The second pneumatic cavity is located inside the pneumatic box 51. The pneumatic box 51 is connected to a pneumatically driven drive shaft 54. The drive shaft 54 ​​drives the guide shaft 43 to slide longitudinally along the fixed arm 42, so that the two guide shafts 43 can move towards each other in the longitudinal direction, thereby causing the two clamping blocks 44 to hug the rotating shaft 23. The elastic element is disposed between the two guide shafts 43 to maintain the tendency of the two guide shafts 43 to drive the clamping block 44 away from the rotating shaft 23.

[0020] When the first pneumatic chamber is not inflated, the two guide shafts 43 are driven to move outward through the elastic element, so that the two pressing blocks 44 move away from the rotating shaft 23 in the pressing area 45; when the first pneumatic chamber is inflated, the two guide shafts 43 are driven to move inward, so that the two pressing blocks 44 press the rotating shaft 23 in the pressing area 45, thereby locking the position of the rotating shaft 23.

[0021] In one embodiment, the pneumatic box 51 has inner holes 72 on both longitudinal sidewalls that are connected to the cylinder 32. The pneumatic box 51 has two longitudinally sliding built-in sliders 53. The built-in sliders 53 are slidably and sealed to the inner wall of the first pneumatic cavity, so that a sealed air cavity is formed between each built-in slider 53 and the longitudinal sidewall of the pneumatic box 51 that is close to it. Each built-in slider 53 is connected to a guide shaft 43 through a drive shaft 54. An expansion spring 62 is provided between the two built-in sliders 53. The expansion spring 62 maintains the two built-in sliders 53 with a tendency to move away from each other, thereby causing the two guide shafts 43 to have a tendency to drive the pressing block 44 away from the rotating shaft 23.

[0022] Specifically: the peripheral walls of the two built-in sliders 53 are in contact with the inner wall of the second pneumatic cavity 52, and the outer ends of the two built-in sliders 53 and the side walls of the second pneumatic cavity 52 respectively form independent sealed air cavities 71. The two inner holes 72 are respectively connected to the corresponding sealed air cavities 71 through inner channels 73. The surface of the pneumatic box 51 is provided with two air inlet terminals 74, which are respectively inserted into and communicate with the corresponding inner holes 72. The cylinder 32 introduces air into the two sealed air cavities 71 through the two air inlet terminals 74 respectively.

[0023] Furthermore, a fixing block 61 is fixedly installed at the center of the pneumatic box 51, and two built-in sliders 53 are respectively located on the longitudinal sides of the fixing block 61, and an expansion spring 62 is provided between the fixing block 61 and the two built-in sliders 53.

[0024] Furthermore, the inner hole 72 of the pneumatic box 51 is connected to an air inlet terminal 74, the air inlet terminal 74 extends to the surface of the pneumatic box 51, and the inner hole 72 is connected to the cylinder 32 via the air inlet terminal 74.

[0025] In one embodiment, the surface of the built-in slider 53 near the expansion spring 62 is provided with a longitudinally extending extension section 81. The end of the extension section 81 is bent to form a recess 83 with an opening facing the built-in slider 53. The inner wall of the pneumatic box 51 is provided with an insertion section 84 that longitudinally pushes into the recess 83. When the two built-in sliders 53 move to extreme close proximity, the extension sections 81 of the two built-in sliders 53 abut against each other and limit each other, protecting the expansion spring 62 from being over-compressed.

[0026] In one embodiment, a sealing groove 91 is provided between the built-in slider 53 and the pneumatic box 51, and a sealing ring 92 is installed in the sealing groove 91.

[0027] In one embodiment, the clamping block 44 has an arc surface on the side facing the rotating shaft 23 that matches the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 23; the surface of the arc surface is provided with a friction layer 441 made of polyurethane material.

[0028] In one embodiment, the automatic control component is fixed to a mounting base 31 on the wall, and the cylinder 32 is rotatably mounted on the mounting base 31.

[0029] In one embodiment, the three-way control valve 33 includes an integrated microcontroller and a touchscreen. Three electronic valves 34 are connected to the microcontroller, and two air inlet terminals 74 are connected to the same three-way port. The three-way port, the air inlet end of the cylinder 32, and the air outlet end are respectively connected to an externally installed electrically controlled air pump (i.e., the cylinder). The electrically controlled air pump supplies air to all three, and its operation is controlled by the microcontroller. Simultaneously, an electronic valve 34 is connected in series in the passage between the three-way port, the air inlet end of the cylinder 32, and the electrically controlled air pump, controlling the opening and closing of the corresponding passage. For ease of operation and control, the microcontroller is controlled via the touchscreen. The microcontroller, electronic valves 34, and touchscreen are technologies that should and should be understood in the field of electronics, and are described in detail in university textbooks regarding the application of microcontrollers; they belong to the existing technical field.

[0030] The working principle of the above embodiments is as follows: The microcontroller controls the opening and closing of the door 12 by controlling the action of the cylinder 32.

[0031] When it is necessary to control the door 12 to stop stably and maintain it at any intermediate angle position, operation can be performed via the touch screen during the rotation of the door 12; or preset parameters can be set on the touch screen to control the door 12 to stabilize at a set angle. Specifically: the touch screen controls the start of the electronically controlled air pump, which supplies air through the air inlet terminal 74, inner hole 72, and inner channel 73 to add air into the gap space 71. As air is added, it drives the built-in slider 53 to move inward, causing the two clamping blocks 44 to press against the rotating shaft 23, thereby locking the position of the rotating shaft 23. The control process is very convenient and responsive. In addition, due to the setting of the outward expansion spring 62, rapid exhaust can be achieved, and in the default state, the two clamping blocks 44 can be driven away from the rotating shaft 23, allowing the rotating shaft 23 to rotate normally. The setting of the electronic valve 34 can prevent air leakage, allowing the two clamping blocks 44 to maintain the state of pressing the rotating shaft 23 within the pressure zone 45.

[0032] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that the terms "inner" and "outer" and other terms indicating direction or positional relationship are based on the direction or positional relationship shown in the drawings. This is only for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or component must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0033] In the description of this application, the reference to terms such as "this embodiment," "an embodiment," etc., means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0034] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An automatically opening and closing cabin door, comprising a door frame (11), a door body (12), and a pivot (23) fixedly connected to the door body (12), wherein the door body (12) is rotatably connected to the door frame (11) via the pivot (23), characterized in that, Also includes: The cylinder (32) is connected to the first pneumatic chamber and the second pneumatic chamber via a three-way control valve (33). The first pneumatic chamber is used to drive the telescopic rod (322) to control the opening and closing of the door body (12) relative to the door frame (11). An angle limiting assembly installed on the door frame (11) includes a fixed shell (41) and a pneumatic box (51); the rotating shaft (23) passes through the fixed shell (41) vertically, and a fixed arm (42) extending longitudinally perpendicular to the rotating shaft (23) is provided inside the fixed shell (41). Two guide shafts (43) are slidably connected on the fixed arm (42), and the two guide shafts (43) are respectively located on the radial sides of the rotating shaft (23). A clamping block (44) is provided on the side of the guide shaft (43) close to the rotating shaft (23). The second pneumatic cavity is located inside the pneumatic box (51). The pneumatic box (51) is connected to a pneumatically driven drive shaft (54). The drive shaft (54) drives the guide shaft (43) to slide longitudinally along the fixed arm (42). The two guide shafts (43) can move towards each other in the longitudinal direction so that the two clamping blocks (44) hug the rotating shaft (23). An elastic element located between the two guide shafts (43) maintains the tendency of the two guide shafts (43) to drive the clamping block (44) away from the rotating shaft (23).

2. The self-actuating ship's hatch cover door of claim 1, wherein: The pneumatic box (51) has an inner hole (72) on each of its longitudinal sidewalls that is connected to the cylinder (32). The pneumatic box (51) has two built-in sliders (53) that can slide longitudinally. The built-in sliders (53) are slidably and sealed to the inner wall of the pneumatic box (51) so that a sealed air cavity is formed between each built-in slider (53) and the longitudinal sidewall of the pneumatic box (51) that is close to it. Each built-in slider (53) is connected to a guide shaft (43) via a drive shaft (54), and an expansion spring (62) is provided between the two built-in sliders (53) to maintain the two built-in sliders (53) having a tendency to move away from each other.

3. The self-actuating ship's hatch cover door of claim 2, wherein: A fixed block (61) is fixedly installed in the center of the pneumatic box (51), and two built-in sliders (53) are located on the longitudinal sides of the fixed block (61), and an expansion spring (62) is provided between the fixed block (61) and the two built-in sliders (53).

4. The automatically opening and closing cabin door according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner hole (72) of the pneumatic box (51) is connected to an air inlet terminal (74), which extends to the surface of the pneumatic box (51). The inner hole (72) is connected to the cylinder (32) via the air inlet terminal (74).

5. The automatically opening and closing cabin door according to claim 2, characterized in that: The built-in slider (53) has a longitudinally extending extension section (81) on the side near the outer expansion spring (62). The end of the extension section (81) is bent to form a recess (83) with an opening facing the built-in slider (53). The inner wall of the pneumatic box (51) has an insertion section (84) that longitudinally inserts into the recess (83).

6. The automatically opening and closing cabin door according to claim 2, characterized in that: A sealing groove (91) is provided between the built-in slider (53) and the pneumatic box (51), and a sealing ring (92) is installed in the sealing groove (91).

7. The automatically opening and closing cabin door according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping block (44) has an arc surface on the side facing the rotating shaft (23) that matches the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft (23).

8. The automatically opening and closing ship's hatch cover according to claim 7, characterized in that: The arc surface is provided with a friction layer (441) made of polyurethane material.

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