Sliding bearing system element as well as sliding bearing system and method for manufacturing a sliding bearing system element

Abstract

The invention relates to a sliding bearing system element 1 for a sliding bearing system 11, comprising a sliding surface carrier 2a, 2b; 2c; 2d; 2e, wherein the sliding surface carrier 2a, 2b; 2c; 2d; 2e has a sliding surface 3a, b; 3c; 3d; 3e; 3f, wherein the sliding surface carrier 2a, 2b; 2c; 2d; 2e has a pore region 4, wherein the pore region 4 has at least one pore, and in particular a plurality of pores, wherein the pore region 4 has a pore sliding surface section 5, wherein the pore sliding surface section 5 comprises at least one section of the sliding surface 3a, 3b; 3c; 3d; 3e; 3f forms and wherein the pore sliding surface section 5 has at least one open surface pore 6 for receiving a lubricant and / or for reducing the friction surface of the pore sliding surface section 5.The invention also relates to a sliding bearing system 11 comprising the sliding bearing system element 1 and a sliding bearing system element partner 10, wherein the sliding bearing system element 1 and the sliding bearing system element partner 10 form a sliding bearing. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing the sliding bearing system element 1, wherein the pore region 4 is introduced into the sliding surface carrier 2a, 2b; 2c; 2d; 2e by a thermal process, and wherein the pore region 4 is subsequently machined after being introduced into the sliding surface carrier 2a, 2b; 2c; 2d; 2e to form the pore sliding surface section 5.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a sliding bearing system element for a sliding bearing system and to a method for manufacturing the sliding bearing system element. Furthermore, the invention relates to the sliding bearing system with the sliding bearing system element, wherein the sliding bearing system element forms a sliding bearing with a sliding bearing system element partner. State of the art

[0002] Plain bearings are an established technology widely used in various industrial sectors, such as mechanical engineering and the automotive industry. Plain bearings reduce friction between moving parts, and their sliding properties can be tailored through the use of lubricants, special bearing materials, and the design of the bearings and their components. This reduced friction increases both the service life of the moving parts and the overall lifespan of the bearings. Disclosure of the invention

[0003] The invention relates to a sliding bearing system element for a sliding bearing system, a sliding bearing system and a method for manufacturing the sliding bearing system element with the features of the independent claims.

[0004] Preferred or advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the following description and the accompanying figures.

[0005] The invention relates to a sliding bearing system element for a sliding bearing system, wherein the sliding bearing system element serves in particular to reduce the friction between two surfaces moving relative to each other.

[0006] The sliding bearing system element has a sliding surface, wherein the sliding surface is in particular the surface of the sliding bearing system element that contacts the sliding surface of a sliding partner and moves relative to it. The sliding surface can be planar, e.g., as one or more two-dimensional planes, in particular surface sections, or as a three-dimensional, in particular curved, surface section, or composed of two-dimensional and curved surface sections.

[0007] Furthermore, the sliding bearing system element comprises a sliding surface support, which may be formed from one or more parts. In particular, the multiple individual parts, if the sliding surface support is constructed from several parts, are connected to each other by a material bond, a positive fit, and / or a force-fit. The multiple individual parts are preferably made of the same material or different materials. Particularly preferred is the construction of the sliding surface support from a multi-part structure, where the multiple individual parts are connected by a material bond, or in particular, a material-bonded connection, and are made of the same material or different materials with similar properties, especially similar thermal properties. The sliding surface support is preferably made of a metallic material.In a sliding surface carrier assembly consisting of several parts, the individual parts are made of the same metallic material or of different metallic materials. Furthermore, the sliding surface carrier, or the several parts from which the sliding surface carrier is formed, can be connected to one or more other parts that do not have sliding surfaces in order to form the sliding system element. In particular, the sliding surface carrier serves to support the sliding surface, which can be configured as a continuous sliding surface or as several individual sliding surfaces on the sliding surface carrier. In particular, the sliding surface carrier is configured such that the sliding surface is arranged on at least one surface of the sliding surface carrier or that at least one surface of the sliding surface carrier is configured as a sliding surface.Especially in the case of a multi-part structure of the sliding surface carrier, the sliding surfaces can extend over several surfaces of the individual elements.

[0008] Furthermore, the sliding surface support has a pore region, wherein the pore region comprises at least one pore, and in particular a plurality of pores. Specifically, the pore region has a plurality of pores of different sizes, wherein the pores are distributed unevenly and / or randomly within the pore region. The pore region has, in particular, pores with a diameter greater than 1 µm, more specifically greater than 10 µm, preferably greater than 30 µm, and preferably less than 100 µm. The pore region is preferably configured such that both small and large pores are present side by side, with the number of small pores predominating. In particular, the volumes of the larger pores, especially the volumes of the pores with a diameter greater than 10 µm, constitute the majority of the total volume of the pores in the pore region.Furthermore, it is also possible that the pores in the pore area have a diameter greater than 70 µm, in particular greater than 200 µm and preferably greater than 500 µm and preferably less than 1 mm.

[0009] In particular, the pore region is formed from a multitude of pores, wherein the material of the pore region, especially the material between the individual pores and / or the material adjacent to the pores, is made of the material of the sliding surface carrier. The pore region is present, in particular, as a spatially limited area within the sliding surface carrier, and several pore regions may be present within the sliding surface carrier. Specifically, the pore region is formed as a volume, particularly a three-dimensional region, within the sliding surface carrier in which the pores are introduced. In other words, this means that a multitude of pores are introduced within a region of the sliding surface carrier, with the pores being concentrated in this region, thereby forming a volume, particularly a three-dimensional region, as the pore region within the sliding surface carrier.In particular, the pore area can extend over the entire area of ​​the sliding surface support that forms the sliding surface. Preferably, the pore area extends over several sub-areas of the sliding surface support.

[0010] The pore area includes a pore sliding surface section, which in particular functions as a sliding surface. The pore sliding surface section is configured as a two-dimensional surface or as several two-dimensional and interconnected surface segments, or as a curved surface segment, or as a surface segment composed of two-dimensional and curved surface segments. In particular, the pore sliding surface segment is configured as a surface interrupted by the pores. The pore sliding surface section forms a segment of the sliding surface. Preferably, both the pore sliding surface section and the sliding surface are made of the same material.

[0011] The pore sliding surface section has at least one open surface pore, which serves to receive a lubricant and / or to reduce the frictional area of ​​the pore sliding surface section, in particular the sliding surface. Specifically, the open surface pores are part of the total number of pores present in the pore area. The open surface pores are specifically designed as depressions, particularly as cavities, in the surface of the pore area, especially in the pore sliding surface section of the sliding surface. The open surface pores are designed such that they provide access from the surface of the sliding surface pore section into the material of the sliding surface support, in particular into the pore area of ​​the sliding surface support.In particular, the sliding surface has one or more pore sliding surface sections, wherein a single pore sliding surface section is preferably formed by a single pore area. The pore sliding surface section forms a section of the sliding surface, and the entire sliding surface can be configured as the pore sliding surface section.

[0012] The open surface pores are designed to hold a lubricant, thereby reducing friction between the pore sliding surface and a sliding surface of a sliding bearing system component. Furthermore, the open surface pores serve to reduce the area, particularly the sliding surface, in contact with another sliding surface of a sliding bearing system component, thus minimizing friction between the two surfaces.

[0013] This offers the advantage that the open surface pores can be used as a lubricant film reservoir, thus ensuring sustained lubrication of the sliding surface. Furthermore, this also improves emergency running properties, for example, if the active lubrication of the sliding surface fails, as a supply of lubricant is present in the open surface pores. In particular, the surface pores can reduce the friction area, thereby further reducing friction. Moreover, the service life of the sliding bearing system element can be increased, as any contaminants on the sliding surface can be collected through the open pores.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, a large proportion of the pores in the pore area have a spherical geometry and / or a round cross-section, or an ellipsoidal geometry and / or an elliptical cross-section. Preferably, the majority of the pores, in particular more than 50%, preferably more than 60%, and especially more than 70%, have an elongated spherical geometry. In particular, the majority of the pores are formed as individual pores, the pore spaces of the individual pores preferably not being interconnected. This has the advantage that this type of pore geometry, especially the rounded and / or circular surface sections of the pores, forms a particularly stable structure of the pore area.

[0015] It is intended that the pores are introduced into the sliding surface support using a thermal process to form the pore region. Specifically, the thermal process serves to liquefy the material(s) of the sliding surface support, particularly to create a molten region, with the pores preferably being formed by an expanding gas within this molten region. After the molten region cools, the cooled material(s) serve as a matrix for the pores and form the pore region, with multiple pores distributed throughout this region. This offers the advantage that the introduction of pores into the pore region can be controlled by the process parameters of the thermal process, for example, by the temperature input into the material of the sliding surface support.

[0016] One possible implementation involves a thermal process that is designed as laser irradiation, electrode irradiation, convective heat transfer, or plasma generation. Specifically, the thermal process serves to produce a weld, particularly a blind weld, and is designed such that a sufficient amount of heat is introduced into the area of ​​the sliding surface carrier material where the pore region is formed, in order to melt the thermally treated area. This offers the advantage that conventional methods can be used or modified to treat the sliding surface carrier and introduce the pore region into it.

[0017] In particular, a large proportion of the pores are formed as bubbles in a cooled melt. Preferably, the bubbles are distributed throughout the cooled metal melt and form the pore area. In particular, a large proportion of the surfaces inside the bubble-formed pores have a smooth surface. Preferably, the bubbles are filled with a gas and preferably formed by it. In particular, the bubbles are enclosed in the cooled melt, with each bubble preferably having its own bubble space, in particular its own bubble volume. An advantage of the bubbles, in particular the pores formed as bubbles, is that they form a stable structure of the webs, in particular of the material between the bubbles, thereby increasing the stability of the sliding surface.

[0018] In one embodiment, the lubricant is provided in the open surface pores as a liquid, plastic, or solid lubricant. In particular, the lubricant serves to form a lubricating film on the pore sliding surface section, especially the sliding surface of the sliding bearing system element. For example, the liquid lubricant can be oil or a suspension of particles of a solid lubricant in a liquid. The plastic lubricant can be, for example, grease or paste, especially a suspension of fine particles of a solid lubricant in a paste. Furthermore, the lubricant can be, for example, a solid lubricant, especially a solid lubricant such as a plastic like PTFE, a ceramic-based lubricant, or a graphite-based lubricant. The lubricant is present, in particular, in the open surface pores.The sliding material, which is designed as a solid lubricant, is particularly preferred for its metallurgical bond with the surface within the pores. This offers the advantage of improving the sliding properties of the sliding surface, thereby increasing the service life of the sliding system element.

[0019] In particular, the sliding surface support is designed to be made of a metal or a metal alloy. Specifically, the sliding surface support, in its one-piece configuration, is made of a metal or a metal alloy, or, in its multi-piece configuration, it is made of several joined individual parts made of a metal or a metal alloy. The metal or metal alloy is designed such that, through the input of heat into a limited area, a molten state can be achieved in that area. Preferably, the metal or metal alloy is a copper material. In particular, the copper material can be pure copper or a copper alloy such as brass or bronze. The sliding surface support can also be made of a metal or metal alloy with a higher strength than the copper material.For example, the metal or metal alloy can be steel. This offers the advantage that a sliding surface carrier with suitable thermal properties can be selected for introducing the pores. Furthermore, a metal or metal alloy with suitable sliding properties can be chosen, whereby various technical properties such as strength and wear resistance can be adapted.

[0020] One possible embodiment provides that the sliding surface additionally has at least one pore-free sliding surface section. Specifically, the sliding surface of the sliding bearing system element is designed such that it has one or more pore sliding surface sections with open surface pores, while the remainder of the sliding surface is formed as unporous solid material. In particular, the pore-free area(s) of the sliding surface are those areas in which a molten state was not achieved during the thermal treatment. This offers the advantage that the pore-free area(s) increase the stability of the sliding surface, thereby also increasing, for example, the wear resistance and thus the service life of the sliding bearing system element.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the sliding bearing system element is designed as a sliding bearing, sliding element, axle, or shaft. In particular, the sliding bearing system element serves to support a sliding bearing system component, especially with low friction, or to be supported slidingly, especially with low friction, in, on, or against a sliding bearing system component. For example, the sliding bearing system element can be designed as a sliding bearing bushing, sliding plate, sliding bearing element for a spherical bearing, sliding bearing rail, or as a sliding bearing ring. Furthermore, the sliding bearing system element can also be designed as an axle or shaft with different cross-sectional geometries. This offers the advantage that the sliding bearing system element can be used in a wide variety of applications.

[0022] A further aspect of the invention is a sliding bearing system comprising a sliding bearing system element and a sliding bearing system element partner, wherein the sliding bearing system element and the sliding bearing system element partner form a sliding bearing arrangement. In particular, the sliding bearing arrangement serves to reduce the friction between two surfaces moving relative to each other, especially at least one sliding surface of the sliding bearing system element and the sliding bearing system element partner. The sliding bearing system, in particular, comprises at least one sliding bearing system element and at least one sliding bearing system element partner. The sliding bearing system element partner can be configured, in particular, in the same way as the sliding bearing system element or as a further sliding bearing system element. In particular, the sliding bearing system element partner can also be configured as a conventional machine element, especially with a pore-free surface, and in particular with a pore-free sliding surface.For example, shafts, axles, or guide columns can be used. This offers the advantage that the sliding bearing system can be used in a wide variety of applications and, due to the open surface pores of the sliding bearing system element, exhibits an increased service life and improved sliding properties.

[0023] A further aspect of the invention is a method for manufacturing the previously described sliding bearing system element, wherein the pore area is introduced into the sliding surface carrier by a thermal process, and wherein the pore area is subsequently machined to form the pore sliding surface section. The introduction of the pores into the material area melted by the thermal process leads to an increase in volume, in particular an expansion of this area, as the pore spaces displace the molten material of the sliding surface carrier. After the introduction of the pores, particularly when the molten material with the enclosed pores has cooled, the surface of the pore area, which is to be formed as the pore sliding surface section, is raised compared to the rest of the sliding surface.To remove this raised area and form the porous sliding surface section, thereby achieving a target geometry and / or dimensions, the raised area is machined. Furthermore, this machining of the thermally treated area serves to open some of the pores contained in the cooled material, particularly those located at the surface level of the sliding surface. After machining, these opened pores are present as surface pores. Examples of machining processes include turning, milling, grinding, polishing, and honing.In particular, the separating machining process can also be used to form both the non-porous sliding surface and the porous sliding surface section, whereby the sliding surface and the porous sliding surface section are machined to the desired dimensions by the separating process, and / or the desired geometry of the porous sliding surface section is formed together with the sliding surface section. This offers the advantage that common separating, especially machining, processes can be used, which represent a simple and cost-effective way to form the target geometry and / or the desired target dimensions. Furthermore, the formation of the pores, especially the size of the pore area and thus also the pore distribution in the sliding surface substrate, can be controlled via the heat input.

[0024] Besides its function of melting the area of ​​the sliding surface carrier where the pores are introduced, the thermal process primarily serves to promote or cause the formation of a gas. This gas, in particular, forms a bubble within the molten material, which, upon cooling, creates a pore space. Specifically, this process produces pores with a smooth surface. The thermal process is applied in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, where the oxygen surrounding the molten area promotes or causes gas formation. This oxygen-containing atmosphere can, for example, be air, with atmospheric pressure typically around normal pressure.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the process, the area of ​​the sliding surface support in which the pore region is formed is contacted with an organic and / or inorganic material as a pore-forming agent. The pore-forming agent can be a solid or solid mixture, a liquid, a gas or gas mixture, a dispersion, a suspension, or an aerosol. In particular, the pore-forming agent can be a hydrocarbon or a substance containing hydrocarbons, e.g., an oil, grease, or powder made from an organic material. The pore-forming agent serves, in particular, to generate a gas during thermal treatment, especially by heating or burning during thermal treatment, and to form a cavity filled with this gas, in particular a bubble, in the melt.In particular, the pore-forming agent reacts with the oxygen present in the surrounding atmosphere, producing the gas that leads to pore formation, especially bubble formation, in the melt. Specifically, the oxygen-containing atmosphere has a sufficiently high oxygen content for the pore-forming agent to react with the oxygen and generate the desired number of pores. The gas produced is primarily CO2.

[0026] The pore-forming agent can be contacted with the material of the area where the pores are created, particularly the area that is melted by the thermal process, before the application of the thermal process. Specifically, the pore-forming agent is contacted with the material in such a way that it does not evaporate and / or burn up due to the heat input, especially in the heat-affected area where no melting occurs, before the pores are formed.

[0027] Preferably, the pore-forming agent is introduced into or located in a cavity or crevice. For example, in a multi-part design of the sliding surface carrier, the pore-forming agent can be introduced between two or more individual parts of the sliding surface carrier, particularly between two or more directly adjacent surfaces of several individual parts. The thermal process melts the material region surrounding the pore-forming agent, whereby the pore-forming agent generates a gas, particularly through combustion, which forms bubbles within the melted region. After the molten region solidifies, the bubbles then exist as pore spaces, which constitute the pore region.

[0028] In a further preferred embodiment, the pore-forming agent is actively, and in particular dynamically, supplied to the area in which the pores are formed, preferably to the already molten material region. In particular, the dynamic supply of the pore-forming agent takes place during the thermal treatment of the material, especially the region of the sliding surface support in which the pores are to be formed, wherein the pore-forming agent is introduced into the molten region and / or discharged onto the molten region.

[0029] In particular, the pore-forming agent is introduced into or supplied to the molten area as a flowing gas or by means of a flowing gas that acts as a carrier for the pore-forming agent. For example, the pore-forming agent can be present as a vapor, solid, or liquid, especially as finely dispersed droplets of a liquid made from an organic or inorganic substance in the gas. For example, the pore-forming agent can be blown onto the molten area or into the melt through a nozzle or outlet. Dynamic feeding of the pore-forming agent is preferably used in one-piece sliding surface carriers, since here the pore-forming agent does not need to be inserted into and / or attached to cavities, clearances, or gaps.

[0030] Furthermore, the pore-forming agent can also be applied to or placed on top of the area of ​​the sliding surface support where the pores, and in particular the pore region, are to be formed. In this case, the pore-forming agent is in a form that prevents or limits its evaporation or premature combustion due to the heat input of the thermal process. For example, the pore-forming agent can be designed to have a lower evaporation temperature, in particular a slightly lower evaporation temperature, than the material of the sliding surface support in which the pore region is to be formed. For example, the pore-forming agent can be a metal, a metal compound, or a salt. In this case, the pore-forming agent only evaporates once it is already present in the molten area.In particular, the pore-forming agent is also designed in such a way that it is insoluble in the material of the sliding surface carrier.

[0031] This offers the advantage that a defined pore area can be set or formed through the use of the pore-forming agent. Furthermore, the size and distribution of the pores within the pore area can be influenced by the choice of pore-forming agent and / or the oxygen content in the atmosphere surrounding the melt. Thus, the optical and technical properties of the sliding bearing system elements can be adjusted and influenced.

[0032] One possible process example involves a sliding surface support made of a copper alloy or copper material, particularly bronze, with the pore area being introduced into the sliding surface area by a laser with a green wavelength under an atmosphere containing oxygen and nitrogen. Specifically, in this process example, the atmosphere is air, nitrogen-enriched air, or a gas mixture of nitrogen and oxygen, with the atmospheric pressure being in the range of normal atmospheric pressure. The laser melts the area of ​​the sliding surface support where the pores are to be formed, generating nitrogen oxides from the surrounding atmosphere and introducing them into the molten area, where the nitrogen oxides cause bubble formation in the melt.Once the molten area has cooled, the bubbles exist as pores, with the pores forming the pore area. This offers the advantage that no additional pore structures need to be incorporated or applied to the sliding surface carrier.

[0033] The invention relates in particular to a sliding bearing in which pores, in particular a porous region, are created in a surface and / or near-surface layer by a thermal process, especially a laser process. This material region is characterized by a high number of pores. The pores are, in particular, round cavities in the material filled with ambient gas. Due to the formation of the pores and the resulting expansion (volume increase) of the porous metal, the surface of the treated area rises above the previously existing reference surface. This volume increase can be explained by the volume increase during pore formation. In particular, for this purpose, for example, oils, fats, alcohols, or plastics are introduced into a gap, which is then welded over. In particular, this class of substances can also be applied to the melt pool as vapor. For example, fingerprints also work in a gap.

[0034] In a subsequent machining process, such as turning and / or milling, the target geometry is produced. Simultaneously, the area containing the pores, particularly the pore region, develops a surface with a large number of open pores, which manifest as depressions or "cups" on the surface. These reduce the metal-to-metal contact area with the mating surface of a sliding bearing partner. This bearing can be designed specifically for rotary or translational motion. When lubricants such as greases and oils are used, numerous lubricant film reservoirs form in the cavities. These improve lubrication during operation and thus reduce friction within the system. Consequently, wear and power loss through the bearing are significantly reduced. Especially without additional external lubrication, the lubricant reservoir present in the pores ensures good lubrication for an extended period.This particularly improves the emergency running properties of a plain bearing. Improved emergency running properties can also be implemented in areas that are not used as plain bearings during normal operation.

[0035] Alternatively or additionally, friction-reducing plastics such as PTFE, or graphite-based lubricants, can be introduced into the opened surface pores.

[0036] For example, it is also possible to create pores by laser irradiation of copper alloys, especially bronze, particularly with a green laser wavelength, under an air or nitrogen atmosphere. In this case, no additional material is required.

[0037] A system concept with rotating beam guidance via deflecting mirrors or adapted helical drilling optics is particularly suitable for rotary plain bearings. Especially with bronze and an air or nitrogen atmosphere, process times of seconds can be achieved, and with beam splitting, even fractions of a second. This results in productivity orders of magnitude higher than when manufacturing cups using pulsed laser processes.

[0038] Preferably, not the entire surface, but only an area optimally distributed for lubrication is converted into a lubricant-carrying pore area. The remaining surface can be used as solid material to increase the load-bearing capacity of the component. A particular advantage is that the pore area can be applied both as a surface and in lines the width of a laser weld seam. Furthermore, a completely freely programmable distribution is possible through the use of laser scanners.

[0039] Automatic "wear resistance" is achieved by the fact that the pores and the pore area occur throughout the volume. This means that a worn surface with open pores is instantly "replaced" by the underlying pores, thus ensuring the protection of this layer against wear.

[0040] Feed rates of up to [number] m / s are possible, enabling a very cost-efficient process. For surface machining, the area processed per unit time can be significantly increased by beam shaping (multispot, line spots). Alternatively, other heating sources that melt the surface can be used. Preferably, high-energy radiation such as laser radiation or, with the addition of material, electron beams are employed. Alternatively, convective heat transfer via hot gases / flames or inductive heating is also possible.

[0041] The invention has numerous applications. In principle, this cost-effective method for creating local depressions can be used as a lubricant film reservoir or to reduce surface friction by decreasing the surface area in various bearings, axles, shafts, etc. This enables favorable emergency running properties. This is becoming increasingly relevant due to the reduction of lead content in plain bearing alloys. Additionally, the depressions can collect contaminants from the sliding gap, thereby reducing wear. This can increase the bearing's service life under appropriate operating conditions.

[0042] Further features, advantages, and effects of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention and the accompanying figures. These show: Fig. 1a a multi-part structure of a sliding surface carrier prior to thermal treatment with a thermal process, wherein a pore-forming agent is applied to one of the individual parts of the sliding surface carrier; Fig. 1b a sliding bearing system element, with a multi-part structure of the sliding surface carrier after thermal treatment using the thermal process; Fig. 2 a sectional view of a sliding bearing system element, with a sliding surface support after thermal treatment with a thermal process and a separating machining and a sliding bearing system element partner for forming a sliding bearing system with the sliding bearing system element; Fig. 3 a sectional view of a sliding bearing system element during thermal treatment, wherein the sliding bearing system element has a multi-part structure; Fig. 4 a sectional view of a sliding bearing system element during thermal treatment, wherein the pore-forming agent is dynamically supplied;

[0043] The Fig. Figure 1a shows an embodiment of a sliding bearing system element 1 before thermal treatment using a thermal process. The illustration in Fig. Figure 1 also shows a multi-part assembly of a sliding surface carrier 2a, b, consisting of a first component 2a and a second component 2b, wherein a pore-forming element 8 is attached to the first component 2a. The pore-forming element 8 is located in the area that is formed into a pore region 4 by the thermal process. The two components 2a, b form, in particular, an I-joint, wherein the first component 2a and the second component 2b are joined, in particular, in the direction of the dashed arrows, before the thermal process for forming the pore region is applied. The connection, in particular the joining of the two components 2a, b to form a common sliding surface carrier 2a, b, is effected, in particular, by material and / or form-fit and / or force-fit.

[0044] The representation in Fig. Figure 1b shows the sliding bearing system element 1 after treatment with a thermal and a separating process. The thermal process was carried out primarily using a laser. The multiple arrow 7 indicates the direction of laser irradiation of the sliding surface support 2a, b, and the dashed-dot arrow indicates the laser's path across the surface of the sliding surface support 2a, b. The heat input from the laser occurs particularly in the area where the pore-forming agent 8 is located, as shown in Figure 1b. Fig. 1a can be seen, is introduced. The connection between the first component 2a and the second component 2b can in particular also be produced by the thermal process, wherein the component 2a and the component 2b are materially bonded to each other through the pore area 4.

[0045] Through the thermal process and the pore-forming agent 8, the pore area 4 was formed, which was then processed by a separating process to open the pores created in the thermal process and to form the pore sliding surface section 5, in particular to produce it to the desired target dimensions and / or geometry. The pore area 4 has the opened surface pores 6, which serve to receive a lubricant. The thermally and separating-treated sliding surface carrier 2a, b has the sliding surfaces 3a, b, which form a common sliding surface and in which the common sliding surface 3a, b comprises the pore sliding surface section 5.

[0046] The pore area 4 can be influenced by the area in which the pore-forming agent 8 is inserted and / or attached, and by the laser intensity, particularly the speed at which the laser moves. The laser intensity specifically affects the heat input and thus the area that melts and in which the pores are formed.

[0047] The representation in Fig. Figure 2 shows a sectional view of a sliding bearing system element 1 after thermal treatment and treatment by a separating process, wherein the sliding bearing system element 1 comprises, in particular, a sliding surface support 2c, the sliding surface support 2c being constructed from a single part. The pore area 4 formed by the thermal process is visible, with both the open surface pores 6 and the closed pores 9 within the material of the sliding surface support 2c shown in the illustration. Fig. Figure 2 shows that the thermal process in this embodiment was applied such that a laser, in particular a laser beam, directed orthogonally to the sliding surface 3c, melted the material of the sliding surface support 2c, dynamically introducing a pore formation into the molten material. The pore area 4 was treated by the separating, in particular machining, process such that the open surface pores 6 were created and the pore sliding surface section 5 was formed. In particular, the pore sliding surface section 5 is designed such that it is flush with the sliding surface 3c and without a step, forming a section of the sliding surface 3c. Furthermore, it can be seen that the closed pores 9 and the open surface pores 6 have a spherical geometry and / or a circular cross-section.

[0048] Furthermore, the representation in Fig. 2. A sliding bearing system element partner 10, wherein the sliding bearing system element partner 10 has a sliding surface 3d. The sliding bearing system element partner 10 serves to form a sliding bearing system 11 with the sliding bearing system element 1, wherein the sliding surface 3d is in sliding contact with the sliding surface 3c. In particular, the sliding bearing system 11 is designed to effect low-friction contact during the relative movement between the sliding surfaces 3c and 3d. The sliding bearing system element partner 10 can, in particular, be designed like the sliding bearing system element 1.

[0049] The representation in Fig. Figure 3 shows a sectional view of a sliding bearing system element 1 during thermal treatment. The sliding bearing system element 1 consists of a sliding surface carrier 2c and a further component 13. The pore-forming agent 8 is located between the sliding surface carrier 2c and the further component 13, and the pore-forming agent can completely or partially cover the directly superimposed surfaces of the sliding surface carrier 2c and the further component 13. The thermal treatment is carried out by irradiation with a laser in the direction of the multiple arrow 7. The laser irradiation causes the material of the further component 13 and the sliding surface carrier 2c to melt in a limited area around the laser beam. The penetration depth of the laser into the material of the further component 13 can be controlled, in particular, by the intensity and / or the speed at which the laser beam is directed.By introducing thermal energy during laser irradiation, the pore-forming element 8 forms a gas, which in turn forms closed pores 9, particularly in the form of bubbles within the molten material region. After the molten region containing the closed pores 9 solidifies, the solidified area exists as pore region 4. The other component 13 and the sliding surface support 2d are joined together by the solidified material within pore region 4. This is shown in particular in the illustration in Figure 1. Fig. 3, the increase in volume of the molten material in the pore region 4, wherein the surface of the sliding surface support 2d has a raised area in the pore region 4 in contrast to the sliding surface 3e. The raised area in the pore region 4 is subsequently processed by a separating process to form a pore sliding surface section 5, wherein in particular the closed pores 9 are opened to form open surface pores 6. In particular, during the separating process for forming the pore sliding surface section 5, the sliding surface 3e is simultaneously processed to equalize the height level of the pore sliding surface 5 with the height level of the sliding surface 3e.

[0050] The representation in Fig. Figure 4 shows a sectional view of a sliding bearing system element 1 during thermal treatment with a laser. The sliding bearing system element 1 is formed in one piece, with the closed pores 9 being introduced into the sliding surface support 2e. The introduction of thermal energy, in particular the melting of the material of the sliding surface support 2e, is carried out by the laser in the direction of the multiple arrow 7. Furthermore, the pore-forming agent 8 is supplied dynamically, being applied and / or introduced into the molten area through an outlet 12. In particular, the pore-forming agent 8 is supplied to the molten area in the form of solid particles and / or droplets of a liquid, the solid particles and / or droplets being transported by a flowing gas, in particular air.Heating and / or burning the pore-forming agent 8 produces a gas, which forms the closed pores 9. These pores are present, in particular, as bubbles in the molten material of the sliding surface support 2e. After the molten area has solidified, it forms the pore region 4. This is shown in particular in the illustration in Figure 1. Fig.4, the increase in volume of the molten material in pore region 4, wherein the surface of the sliding surface support 2e has a raised area in pore region 4 in contrast to the sliding surface 3f. The raised area in pore region 4 is subsequently processed by a separating process to form a pore sliding surface section 5, wherein in particular the closed pores 9 are opened to form open surface pores 6. In particular, during the separating process for forming the pore sliding surface section 5, the sliding surface 3f is simultaneously processed to equalize the height level of the pore sliding surface 5 with the height level of the sliding surface 3f.

Claims

[1] Sliding bearing system element (1) for a sliding bearing system (11), with a sliding surface support (2a, 2b; 2c; 2d; 2e), wherein the sliding surface support (2a, 2b; 2c; 2d; 2e) has a sliding surface (3a, 3b; 3c; 3d; 3e; 3f), wherein the sliding surface support (2a, 2b; 2c; 2d; 2e) has a pore region (4), wherein the pore region (4) has at least one pore, and in particular a plurality of pores, wherein the pore area (4) has a pore sliding surface section (5), wherein the pore sliding surface section (5) forms at least one section of the sliding surface (3a, 3b; 3c; 3d; 3e; 3f) and wherein the pore sliding surface section (5) has at least one open surface pore (6) for receiving a lubricant and / or for reducing the friction surface of the pore sliding surface section (5). [2] Sliding bearing system element (1) according to claim 1, characterized by, that at least one pore, and in particular a large proportion of the pores, in the pore area (4) has a spherical geometry and / or a circular cross-section or an ellipsoidal geometry and / or an elliptical cross-section. [3] Sliding bearing system element (1) according to one of the preceding claims 1 or 2, characterized by , that at least one pore is introduced into the sliding surface carrier (2a, 2b; 2c; 2d; 2e) by a thermal process to form the pore area (4). [4] Sliding bearing system element (1) according to claim 3, characterized by that the thermal process is designed as laser irradiation or electron irradiation or convective heat transport or plasma-forming process. [5] Sliding bearing system element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one pore, and in particular a large proportion of the pores, is formed as a bubble in a cooled melt. [6] Sliding bearing system element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the sliding bearing system element (1) has the lubricant in the at least one open surface pore (6), wherein the lubricant is designed as a liquid, plastic or solid lubricant. [7] Sliding bearing system element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the sliding surface support is made of a metal or a metal alloy. [8] Sliding bearing system element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the sliding surface (3a, 3b; 3c; 3d; 3e; 3f) additionally has at least one pore-free sliding surface section. [9] Sliding bearing system element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the sliding bearing system element (1) is designed as a sliding bearing, a sliding element, an axle or a shaft. [10] Sliding bearing system (11), with the sliding bearing system element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, with a sliding bearing system element partner (10), wherein the sliding bearing system element (1) and the sliding bearing system element partner (10) form a sliding bearing. [11] Method for manufacturing the sliding bearing system element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 10, wherein the pore area (4) is introduced into the sliding surface carrier (2a, 2b; 2c; 2d; 2e) by a thermal process, wherein the pore area (4) is machined after being introduced into the sliding surface carrier (2a, 2b; 2c; 2d; 2e) to form the pore sliding surface section (5). [12] Method for producing a sliding bearing system element (1) according to claim 11, wherein the area of ​​the sliding surface support (2a, 2b; 2c; 2d; 2e) in which the pore area (4) is formed is contacted with an organic and / or an inorganic material as a pore former (8). [13] Method for manufacturing a sliding bearing system element (1) according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the sliding surface support (2a, 2b; 2c; 2d; 2e) is formed from a copper alloy or a copper material and wherein the pore region (4) is introduced into the sliding surface support (2a, 2b; 2c; 2d; 2e) under an atmosphere containing oxygen and nitrogen by means of a laser with a green wavelength.

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