Anti-intestinal agent, Anti-allergic agent, immunopotentiator, and agent for improving intestinal adhesion of lactic acid bacteria

Abstract

To provide an intestinal disorder controlling agent, an antiallergic agent, an immunopotentiator and an intestinal adhesion improver of lactic acid bacteria, safely ingestible, inexpensively available and excellent in intestinal adhesion improving action of lactic acid bacteria.SOLUTION: The agent of the present invention contains a flower extract. The flower is a flower of Lythraceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae or Iridaceae, and is particularly preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of safflower, pomegranate, kudzu, cherry, chrysanthemum, saffron, peach and rose.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an agent for intestinal regulation, an antiallergic agent, an immunopotentiator, and an agent for improving the intestinal adhesion of lactic acid bacteria. [Background technology]

[0002] It is well known that promoting the proliferation of lactic acid bacteria in the intestinal tract of animals can suppress the invasion of pathogenic bacteria and the proliferation of harmful bacteria, and that this intestinal regulating effect can lead to the improvement and prevention of diarrhea and constipation. It is thought that the adhesion (adhesion) of lactic acid bacteria in the intestinal tract is very important for lactic acid bacteria to colonize and proliferate in the intestinal tract.

[0003] Furthermore, in recent years, it has been reported that lactic acid bacteria are also associated with anti-allergic effects. The human immune system is controlled by several types of T cells. Two types of T cells are known: Th1 cells, which primarily stimulate IgA antibody production and activate cellular immunity, and Th2 cells, which stimulate IgE antibody production, which causes type I allergies, and activate humoral immunity. These Th1 and Th2 cells suppress each other, and when Th2 cells dominate over Th1 cells, allergic symptoms are more likely to occur. The intestinal tract is said to be home to 70% of the body's immune cells, playing a key role in the body's immune system. It has been elucidated that lactic acid bacteria play an important role in intestinal immunity. For example, lactic acid bacteria components are known to promote cytokine secretion from macrophages and dendritic cells in the intestinal tract, thereby activating Th1 cell activity and promoting IgA antibody production. This is thought to suppress Th2 cell activity and IgE antibody production, thereby improving allergies. The adhesion of lactic acid bacteria (and their bacterial components) to the intestinal tract is thought to be extremely important for enhancing this intestinal immune stimulating effect and the associated anti-allergic effects.

[0004] Therefore, if oral agents that improve the intestinal adhesion of lactic acid bacteria can be used to promote intestinal adhesion, it is expected that intestinal regulation and prevention and improvement of anti-allergic symptoms will be achieved. However, such oral agents must be highly safe and inexpensive to obtain, but their development has not progressed well, and the diverse needs of patients and consumers have not been fully met.

[0005] On the other hand, flower extracts are used in health foods and the like, and various effects have been investigated (for example, Patent Document 1), but new uses are desired. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-055249 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a novel agent for improving the intestinal adhesion of lactic acid bacteria, an agent for regulating the intestinal function, an antiallergic agent, and an immunopotentiator. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The present inventors have conducted extensive research into substances that can enhance the intestinal adhesiveness of lactic acid bacteria, and have found that the intestinal adhesiveness of lactic acid bacteria can be enhanced by using an extract from a specific flower, which is an inexpensive and safe material.

[0009] The present invention is based on the above findings and provides an intestinal regulator containing an extract of flowers from the Lythraceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae or Iridaceae families.

[0010] The present invention also provides an antiallergic agent, an immune enhancer, and an agent for improving the intestinal adhesion of lactic acid bacteria, which contain an extract of flowers from the Lythraceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, or Iridaceae families. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] According to the present invention, there are provided an intestinal regulator, an antiallergic agent, an immune enhancer, and an agent for improving the intestinal adhesion of lactic acid bacteria, which can be safely ingested, are available at low cost, and have an excellent effect of improving the intestinal adhesion of lactic acid bacteria.

[0012] Furthermore, according to the present invention, since specific flower extracts have high intestinal adhesion properties for lactic acid bacteria, oral intake of these extracts can enhance the action of lactic acid bacteria in the intestinal tract, and is expected to have excellent effects on dieting, beauty, and health promotion. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0013] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of evaluating the intestinal adhesive action of the agents of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of evaluating the intestinal adhesive action of the agents of Examples 6 to 10 and Comparative Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0014] The present invention will be described below based on preferred embodiments. The agent of the present invention contains an extract of a flower of the family Lythraceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, or Iridaceae (hereinafter also referred to as a specific flower). Unless otherwise specified, the following explanation applies to any of the intestinal regulator, antiallergic agent, immunopotentiator and agent for improving the intestinal adhesion of lactic acid bacteria of the present invention.

[0015] (flower extract) The present invention can effectively increase the intestinal adhesiveness of lactic acid bacteria by using flowers from the Lythraceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, or Iridaceae families.

[0016] A preferred example of the Lythraceae family is pomegranate, which is a deciduous tree belonging to the genus Punica in the family Lythraceae and has the scientific name Punica granatum.

[0017] Preferred examples of the Asteraceae family include safflower and chrysanthemum. Safflower is an annual or biennial plant of the genus Carthamus in the Asteraceae family. Its scientific name is Carthamus tinctorius. Chrysanthemum is a plant of the genus Chrysanthemum in the family Asteraceae. Preferred examples of chrysanthemum include chrysanthemum morifolium Ramatulle and daisy (scientific name: Chrysanthemum indicum Linne) of the genus Chrysanthemum in the family Asteraceae.

[0018] As a member of the Fabaceae family, kudzu (kudzu) is a preferred example. Kudzu is a plant of the genus Pueraria in the Fabaceae family. Examples of kudzu include Pueraria thomsonii (scientific name: Pueraria thomsonii), Pueraria lobata (scientific name: Pueraria lobata), and Pueraria thunbergiana (scientific name: Pueraria thunbergiana).

[0019] Preferred examples of the Rosaceae family include cherry blossoms, peach trees, and roses. Sakura is a general term for plants in the genus Prunus of the Rosaceae family, excluding plums, peaches, apricots, etc., and generally refers to plants belonging to the subgenus Cerasus. Peaches belong to the genus Prunus in the family Rosaceae, and their scientific name is Prunus persica Batsch or Prunus persica Batsch var. davidiana Maximowicz. Examples of peach varieties include bald peach (white peach), cherry (yellow peach), and nectarine. Roses are plants of the genus Rosa in the family Rosaceae.

[0020] A preferred example of the Iridaceae family is saffron (scientific name: Crocus sativus), a perennial plant of the Iridaceae family native to the Mediterranean coast.

[0021] The flowers may be collected at any stage from bud to fully opened flower. Furthermore, the flowers after opening may be the whole flower, or one or more of the petals, calyx, stamens, pistil, stigma, and receptacle (immature stage). For example, it is preferable to use the pistil for saffron, and it is preferable to use the bud for kudzu.

[0022] Extraction processes for obtaining these flower extracts include processes using extraction solvents such as water and organic solvents. Examples of extraction solvents include polar solvents. Examples of polar solvents include water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, 1,3-butylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, ether, and hexane. Of these, water, methanol, ethanol, and aqueous ethanol are preferred. These may be used alone or in combination. Extraction processes also include squeezing fresh flowers without using an extraction solvent.

[0023] Extraction may be performed on fresh flowers, or on flowers that have been dried, heated, cut, or crushed. The extraction solvent may or may not be heated during extraction. If heated, the solvent temperature is not particularly limited and may be any temperature commonly used to obtain flower extracts, such as 40°C or higher and the boiling point or lower. For example, water may or may not be hot. Hot water refers to water with a temperature of 70°C or higher.

[0024] The resulting extract is then subjected to dilution, concentration, drying, purification, and other processes to obtain the final processed product, the extract. Examples of purification methods include activated carbon treatment, resin adsorption treatment, silica gel treatment, ion exchange resin, liquid-liquid countercurrent distribution, and membrane separation. The flower extract of the present invention may be obtained through a fermentation process (e.g., a fermentation process of raw materials before extraction or a fermentation process of an extract), or it may be obtained without undergoing these fermentation processes.

[0025] In the agent of the present invention, the extract of the specific flower may be in any form of liquid, paste, gel, or solid, and is preferably in solid form from the viewpoint of quality stability, etc. Examples of solid forms include powder, granules, granules, fine granules, tablets, rods, plates, blocks, and solid forms.

[0026] It is particularly preferred that the agent of the present invention contains at least one specific flower extract selected from pomegranate, safflower, kudzu, cherry blossom, saffron, peach, and rose, as this will have a particularly high intestinal adhesion activity of lactic acid bacteria.

[0027] The extract of the specific flower in the agent of the present invention is preferably 0.0001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.0005% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 0.001% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, on a dry mass basis, in the agent of the present invention.

[0028] The agent of the present invention may consist essentially of only the extract of a specific flower as a plant-derived component, or may contain other plant-derived components. For example, the plant-derived components other than the extract of a specific flower in the agent of the present invention preferably account for 80% by mass or less, more preferably 50% by mass or less, of the agent of the present invention.

[0029] The agent of the present invention may not contain lactic acid bacteria, but it is preferable that it contains lactic acid bacteria in order to further enhance the intestinal adhesion effect of lactic acid bacteria. Live lactic acid bacteria are preferable in terms of improving the intestinal environment, but killed lactic acid bacteria may also be used. This is based on the fact that not only live bacteria but also the bacterial components of killed bacteria are thought to stimulate intestinal immunity, and that the bacterial components of killed bacteria serve as food for live lactic acid bacteria. Killed lactic acid bacteria are also known to adsorb harmful substances in the intestinal tract. The lactic acid bacteria used in the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they produce lactic acid as a metabolic product, and include those that have traditionally been orally ingested by animals such as humans, such as those belonging to the genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Staphylococcus, Tetragenococcus, and Bacillus. Examples of the genus Bifidobacterium include Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Bifidobacterium mongoliense. Lactobacillus genus includes Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus delburvecki, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus halivaticus, Lactobacillus Examples include Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus sporogenes, Lactobacillus sakei, Lactobacillus fructivorans, Lactobacillus hilgardii, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus fermentum. Enterococcus includes Enterococcus faecalis (sometimes called Streptococcus faecalis), Enterococcus faesium (sometimes called Streptococcus faesium), Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactococcus lactis (sometimes called Streptococcus lactis). The genus Leuconostoc includes Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc oenos. The genus Pediococcus includes Pediococcus acidilactici and Pediococcus pentosaceus. Examples of the genus Staphylococcus include Staphylococcus carnosus and Staphylococcus xylosus. The genus Tetragenococcus includes Tetragenococcus halophilus, and the genus Bacillus includes Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus mesentericus. Among these, Bacillus coagulans, Enterococcus faecalis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Enterococcus faesium, and Lactobacillus acidophilus are particularly preferred. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0030] When the agent of the present invention contains lactic acid bacteria, the content of the lactic acid bacteria is not particularly limited. For example, the number of bacterial cells in the agent of the present invention is preferably 1 x 10 or more, preferably 1 x 10 or more and 1 x 10 or less, and more preferably 1 x 10 or more and 1 x 10 or less, from the viewpoints of ease of formulation and enhancing the effect of the lactic acid bacteria on adhesion to the intestinal tract.

[0031] When the agent of the present invention contains lactic acid bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria and the extract of a specific flower may be contained in the same agent or in separate agents. When contained in separate agents, the agent of the present invention is a multi-dose type of two or more agents. When contained in the same agent, the agent of the present invention may be a single-dose type or a multi-dose type, but a single-dose type is preferred in terms of ease of intake, etc. The dosage form of the drug may be solid, liquid, paste, or gel, regardless of whether it is a single-dose or multi-dose type. For example, solid forms include powder, granules, tablets, rods, plates, blocks, solid forms, capsules such as hard capsules and soft capsules, caplets, tablets, chewable forms, sticks, and the like. Liquid forms include fluid forms, syrups, and the like. These can be formulated into various dosage forms by adding a pharmaceutically acceptable base or carrier and using known formulation methods.

[0032] For example, preferred dosage forms of the agent of the present invention containing lactic acid bacteria include a single-dosage form containing lactic acid bacteria and the specific flower extract and in any of the following forms: powder, fine granules, granules, tablets, capsules (e.g., soft capsules or hard capsules), or liquid; and a two-dosage form having a first agent containing the specific flower extract and in any of the following forms: powder, fine granules, granules, tablets, capsules (e.g., soft capsules or hard capsules), or liquid; and a second agent containing lactic acid bacteria and in any of the following forms: powder, fine granules, granules, tablets, capsules (e.g., soft capsules or hard capsules), or liquid. Note that, in the present invention, the intestinal adhesiveness of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria present in the intestine can also be improved by using the first agent containing the specific flower extract alone. When the agent of the present invention is divided into two agents, the preferred ratio of the specific flower extract in the agent of the present invention described above can be the ratio to the total amount of the two agents.

[0033] The oral ingestion method of the agent of the present invention is not limited, and may be ingested as is, or may be ingested after being dispersed or dissolved in water, hot water, milk, yogurt, etc. Furthermore, when the agent of the present invention is a multi-dose form, the multiple agents may be ingested simultaneously or at different times. When ingested at different times, for example, the lactic acid bacteria-containing agent may be ingested before the flower extract-containing agent, or conversely, the flower extract-containing agent may be ingested before the lactic acid bacteria-containing agent, with the time difference between the two being preferably within 24 hours, more preferably within 18 hours, and particularly preferably within 15 hours. Furthermore, the two agents may be ingested in the same or different ways. When the methods are different, for example, the lactic acid bacteria-containing agent may be ingested as is, and the flower extract-containing agent may be ingested after being dispersed in water, hot water, milk, yogurt, etc., or vice versa.

[0034] In addition to the specific flower extract and lactic acid bacteria, the agent of the present invention may contain other commonly used ingredients to the extent that the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Such ingredients include various excipients, binders, glossing agents, lubricants, stabilizers, diluents, bulking agents, thickeners, emulsifiers, antioxidants, pH adjusters, colorants, fragrances, additives, etc. The content of other ingredients can be appropriately selected depending on the form of the agent of the present invention. Furthermore, when the agent of the present invention is in a multi-dosage form, which other ingredients are contained in which agent can be appropriately selected depending on the form of the agent.

[0035] The daily oral dose of the agent of the present invention is preferably 0.1 mg or more in terms of the dry mass of the extract of the specific flower. The agent of the present invention can be administered continuously, for example, daily, and may be administered continuously for a long period of time, for example, for one month or more.

[0036] Whether the agent of the present invention contains lactic acid bacteria or not, the daily oral dose of lactic acid bacteria is 1×10 or more, particularly 1×10 or more and 1×10 or less, based on the oral dose of the extract of the specific flower. It is preferable that the number is less than 1.

[0037] As will be apparent from the examples described below, the agent of the present invention can enhance the intestinal adhesiveness of lactic acid bacteria through the action of the extract of the specific flower. Here, intestinal adhesiveness preferably refers to adhesiveness to the intestinal epithelium (intestinal epithelial cells). Intestinal adhesiveness may refer to the adhesiveness of individual lactic acid bacteria, or the adhesiveness of lactic acid bacteria as a group (the proportion of bacteria in the group that adhere (attach) to the intestinal tract). Therefore, oral ingestion of the agent of the present invention can enhance the activity of lactic acid bacteria in the intestinal tract, and it can be used, for example, as an intestinal regulator. Examples of intestinal regulator effects include promoting the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria (including lactic acid bacteria) and inhibiting the growth of harmful intestinal bacteria. For example, the laxative effect of peach flowers and the anti-constipation effect using same, as described in Patent Document 1, are not included in the intestinal regulator effects of the present invention. Furthermore, for example, the anti-inflammatory effect brought about by PPAR activation is not included in the intestinal regulator effects of the present invention.

[0038] The agent of the present invention can enhance the intestinal adhesiveness of lactic acid bacteria and can therefore be used as an immune enhancer for intestinal immunity, etc., and can also prevent or improve allergic symptoms such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, hay fever, eczema, rashes such as urticaria, diarrhea, vomiting, etc. The effects of the immune enhancer include activating the activity of Th1 cells in the intestinal tract and promoting IgA antibody production.

[0039] The agent of the present invention is preferably applied to humans, but can also be applied to animals other than humans (e.g., mice, rats, hamsters, dogs, cats, cows, pigs, monkeys, etc.) as long as the respective action effects are exerted.

[0040] Lactic acid bacteria whose intestinal adhesion (adhesion) is enhanced by the agent of the present invention include the same lactic acid bacteria as those listed above as lactic acid bacteria that may be contained in the agent of the present invention. The present invention also provides foods, pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs, etc. that contain the agent of the present invention. The present invention provides a method (excluding medical procedures) for promoting adhesion of lactic acid bacteria in the intestinal tract by ingesting the agent of the present invention together with lactic acid bacteria. [Example]

[0041] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to such examples. Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, "%" means % by mass and "parts" means parts by mass.

[0042] [Examples 1 to 10, Comparative Example 1] (Test substance) The following powders were used as extracts of specific flowers: Safflower: A commercially available powder extract obtained by extracting safflower flowers with water. Pueraria lobata: A commercially available extract powder obtained by extracting pueraria lobata flowers with hot water. Rose: A commercially available extract powder obtained by extracting rose petals with hot water. Pomegranate: A commercially available extract powder obtained by extracting pomegranate flowers with aqueous ethanol. Cherry blossom: A commercially available extract powder obtained by extracting cherry blossom flowers with aqueous ethanol. Chrysanthemum: A commercially available extract powder obtained by extracting chrysanthemum flowers with water. Saffron: A commercially available powder extract obtained by extracting saffron pistils with aqueous ethanol. Peach: A commercially available extract powder obtained by extracting white peach blossoms with hot water.

[0043] (Adhesion test) (1) Cultivation and seeding of human colon cancer-derived Caco-2 cells (1-1) Passage 20 intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 cells were used. (1-2) Caco-2 cells were suspended by trypsinization and seeded from a 75 cm2 flask onto a 96-well plate at a cell density of 4.0 × 104 / well. (1-3) Culture medium was used and the cells were cultured for 4 days in a 37°C, 5% CO2 incubator. This standard medium was prepared by adjusting DMEM to 10% FBS (Fatal Bovine Serum), 1% penicillin-streptomycin, and 1% NEAA (Non-Essential Amino Acids, SIGMA). This culture created a Caco-2 monolayer (intestinal model) in the well. The medium was replaced with a test medium prepared by adding 2% FBS and 1% NEAA to DMEM a few hours before the tests (1-4) and (5).

[0044] (2) Glycerol stock and preculture of Bacillus coagulans (2-1) Powdered lactic acid bacteria Bacillus coagulans was cultured in MRS liquid medium at 37°C for 72 hours. (2-2) The culture medium was collected, mixed with glycerol to a concentration of 30%, and stored at −80°C until testing (glycerol stock). (2-3) The glycerol stock of B. coagulans was brought to room temperature and inoculated into MRS liquid medium warmed to 37°C. After culturing at the same temperature for 24 hours, it was used for the preparation of fluorescently labeled samples (3) and calibration curve samples (4) below.

[0045] (3) Fluorescent labeling of B. coagulans (3-1) After pre-cultivating B. coagulans in (2), 100 μL of the bacterial solution was collected and suspended in 900 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), followed by centrifugation at 1000 g for 3 minutes. The resulting pellet was suspended in 1000 μL of PBS, to which 15 μL of carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA, Dojindo Laboratories) was added, and the mixture was incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes in the dark. (3-2) After centrifugation at 1000 g for 3 minutes, the pellet was suspended in 1 mL of PBS and centrifuged again at 1000 g for 3 minutes. This procedure was repeated twice. (3-3) The pellet was suspended in a test medium, and the resulting suspension was used in the test (5) below.

[0046] (4) Preparation of calibration curve samples (4-1) A portion of the lactic acid bacteria fluorescently labeled in (3-1) above was fixed with formalin. (4-2) The same pre-cultured samples were cultured in BCP medium at 37°C for 3 days, and the number of colonies on the BCP medium was counted (plate count). (4-3) The number of bacteria was calculated from the plate count, and the sample fixed with formalin in (4-1) was used as a sample with a known number for the calibration curve.

[0047] (5) Comparative test of fixation ability (5-1) 10 mg of the flower extract powder, which is the test substance shown in Table 1 below, was weighed out and placed in a 50 mL Falcon tube, and test medium was added to make the concentration 1 mg / mL. After vortexing, each test substance was diluted with test medium to the final concentration shown in Table 1 below. (5-2) In (5-1), a bacterial suspension adjusted to a bacterial count of 1 x 10 / mL was added to the test medium containing or not containing the test substance, resulting in a B. coagulans concentration of 1 x 10 / mL. This was added to the cells in (1-4) in an amount of 100 μL per well (final B. coagulans concentration of 1 x 10 / well), and cultured for 2 hours at 37°C. In Comparative Example 1, the same amount of test medium not containing the test substance was added. (5-3) After the incubation, 150 μL of formalin solution was added to each well, and the cells were fixed at 4° C. for 30 minutes or more. (5-4) The wells were washed twice with PBS, and the fluorescence intensity (excitation light 495 nm, fluorescence 515 nm) was measured using a varioskan. (5-5) A calibration curve was created by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the calibration sample (4-3) using a Varioskan. Based on the obtained calibration curve, the number of B. coagulans bacteria attached to the Caco-2 monolayer was calculated from the fluorescence intensity measured in (5-4). (5-6) The relative values ​​(%) of the obtained bacterial counts to those of Comparative Example 1 are shown in FIGS.

[0048] [Table 1]

[0049] The results of Figures 1 and 2 show that extracts of specific flowers increase the intestinal adhesion rate of lactic acid bacteria. Furthermore, because the agent of the present invention has high intestinal adhesion properties of lactic acid bacteria, oral intake of this agent can enhance the activity of lactic acid bacteria in the intestinal tract, and is expected to have excellent effects on intestinal regulation, anti-allergic effects, immune enhancement, dieting, beauty, and health promotion.

Claims

1. An immune enhancing agent containing an extract of at least one flower selected from the families Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Iridaceae.

2. An agent for improving the intestinal adhesion of lactic acid bacteria, comprising an extract of at least one flower selected from the families Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Iridaceae.

3. An intestinal regulator containing an extract of at least one flower selected from the families Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Iridaceae.

4. An antiallergic agent containing an extract of at least one flower selected from the families Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Iridaceae.

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