Solid-state power source system based on standardized design specification, and use method therefor

Abstract

A solid-state power source system based on a standardized design specification, and a use method therefor. The system comprises a cabinet (1), driver stages, distributors (2), power amplifier plug-ins (3), synthesizers (4), liquid cooling systems (5), a DC power source (6) and a control system (8), wherein several layers (11) are provided in the cabinet (1), and a corresponding driver stage, distributor (2), power amplifier plug-in (3), synthesizer (4) and liquid cooling system (5) are arranged in each layer (11); the DC power source (6) and the control system (8) are further arranged in the cabinet (1); an input end of the driver stage is connected to a signal output port, an output end of the driver stage is connected to an input end of the corresponding distributor (2), each output end of the distributor (2) is connected to an input end of the corresponding synthesizer (4) by means of the corresponding power amplifier plug-in (3), and an output end of the synthesizer (4) is connected to the control system (8); and each driver stage and power amplifier plug-in (3) are connected to the DC power source (6), the liquid cooling system (5) and the control system (8). The solid-state power source system can be widely applied to the field of accelerators.

Description

A solid-state power source system based on standardized design specifications and its use method Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of accelerators, and in particular to a solid-state power source system based on standardized design specifications and a method for using the same. Background Art

[0002] Solid-state power source systems, characterized by low operating voltage, stable and reliable performance, low failure rate, easy maintenance, and parallel operation, have been increasingly used in the accelerator field in recent years. Accelerator devices require solid-state power source systems to be safe, stable, reliable, long-lasting, and easy to maintain.

[0003] Generally speaking, a solid-state power source is designed based on the basic logic of distributing a low-power signal through multiple stages into N channels, amplifying it through N power amplifiers, and then combining the N channels of power into a single output. This type of solid-state power source initially saw rapid development in power transmission industries such as broadcast television and satellite radar, providing stable RF power for fixed loads such as antennas. Later, with the decline in the price of semiconductor power tubes and the rapid development of technology, the application scenarios of solid-state power sources have greatly expanded to include multiple industries such as industry, agriculture, and healthcare. In particular, the rapid development of accelerator construction has greatly expanded the application of solid-state power sources. Their low voltage, easy maintenance, and parallel operation have gradually made them the mainstream form of accelerator power sources.

[0004] The existing solid-state power source applications for accelerators need to solve some of their own unique technical difficulties: 1) solving the load mismatch in scenarios such as superconducting cavities; 2) stable operation under strong dynamic impedance; 3) a solution for a small circulator built into the power amplifier plug-in; 4) the special maintenance and convenience requirements of the accelerator, such as the difficulty of stable operation under strong standing waves of superconducting accelerators, the complex and lengthy failure and maintenance processes of large accelerators (hot plugging), and the urgent need for a complete EMC system design for accelerators with numerous and centrally placed equipment. These factors have severely restricted and limited the application of solid-state power sources for accelerators. However, with the construction of large-scale accelerator projects, especially the rapid development of superconducting accelerators, all of the above problems need to be solved one by one. Therefore, the present invention aims to focus on the application characteristics of accelerators and establish a solid-state power source system that is suitable for its stable operation and has standardized core power components.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a solid-state power source system based on standardized design specifications suitable for stable operation of an accelerator and a method for using the same.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: On the one hand, a solid-state power source system based on standardized design specifications is provided, including a cabinet, a driver stage, a distributor, a power amplifier plug-in, a synthesizer, a liquid cooling system, a DC power supply and a control system;

[0008] The cabinet is provided with several levels, each of which is provided with a corresponding driver stage, distributor, power amplifier plug-in, synthesizer and liquid cooling system; the cabinet is also provided with the DC power supply and control system; the input end of the driver stage is connected to the signal output port, the output end of the driver stage is connected to the input end of the corresponding distributor, each output end of the distributor is connected to the input end of the corresponding synthesizer through the corresponding power amplifier plug-in, and the output end of the synthesizer is connected to the control system; each driver stage and power amplifier plug-in is also connected to the DC power supply, liquid cooling system and control system respectively;

[0009] The driver stage is used to provide gain for the power amplifier plug-in;

[0010] The distributor is used to divide the input radio frequency signal into several branches;

[0011] The power amplifier plug-in is used to amplify the power of the radio frequency signal input by the corresponding branch;

[0012] The synthesizer is used to synthesize the amplified power;

[0013] The DC power supply is used to provide energy to each electrical component;

[0014] The liquid cooling system is used to provide heat dissipation conditions for the DC power supply;

[0015] The control system is used to monitor the output status of the solid-state power source system in real time.

[0016] Furthermore, the output end of the synthesizer is connected to the control system via a power transmission line, and a power monitoring device is provided on the power transmission line for monitoring whether the synthesized power is normal and whether the reflected power exceeds a limit value.

[0017] Furthermore, each of the power amplifier plug-ins includes a housing, in which a power amplifier tube, a circulator, a directional coupler, a temperature monitoring module, a current monitoring module and a communication module are arranged;

[0018] The power amplifier tube is respectively connected to the circulator, the temperature monitoring module and the current monitoring module; the circulator is also respectively connected to the directional coupler and the temperature monitoring module; the temperature monitoring module and the current monitoring module are also respectively connected to the control system via the communication module;

[0019] The power amplifier tube is used to amplify the power of the radio frequency signal transmitted by the driving stage and the distributor;

[0020] The circulator is used for radio frequency isolation;

[0021] The directional coupler is used to sample and detect the radio frequency signal after power amplification;

[0022] The temperature monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature of the power amplifier tube;

[0023] The current monitoring module is used to monitor the current output of the power amplifier tube and the output of the DC power supply.

[0024] Furthermore, the liquid cooling system includes pipelines, water valves, water pressure gauges, flow meters, water distribution pipes, water merging pipes, liquid cooling plates and a total output water pipe;

[0025] The inlet of the pipeline is connected to the external liquid cooling port, and external cooling water is introduced. The inlet of the pipeline is provided with the water pressure gauge for obtaining the water pressure at the water inlet of the pipeline and the flow meter for obtaining the flow at the water inlet of the pipeline; a plurality of water distribution pipes are provided on the pipeline, and the outlets of the water distribution pipes are respectively connected to the liquid cooling plates provided on each power amplifier plug-in, and the cooling water enters each liquid cooling plate through the corresponding water distribution pipe; the inlet of the combined water pipe is connected to the external output port, and the outlet of the combined water pipe is connected to the total output water pipe, and the cooling water of each liquid cooling plate absorbs the heat of each power amplifier plug-in and then converges to the total output water pipe through the combined water pipe.

[0026] Furthermore, the control system includes an ARM processor, an internal interface and an external interface;

[0027] The ARM processor is connected to the DC power supply and the temperature monitoring module, current monitoring module, power monitoring device and communication module of each power amplifier plug-in through the internal interface. The ARM processor is connected to the external SFP interface and DI / DO interface through the external interface. The ARM processor is used to analyze and calculate the data transmitted by each power amplifier plug-in. The SFP interface is used to obtain the analog signal after analog-to-digital conversion. The DI / DO interface is a switching interface in 0 / 1 state, which is used to receive the state of the interlocking switching quantity.

[0028] Furthermore, the synthesizer includes a sling synthesizer and a coaxial synthesizer. The sling synthesizer is an all-in-one device for synthesizing all powers corresponding to the levels; the coaxial synthesizer is a two-in-one device for synthesizing powers of the connected levels.

[0029] Furthermore, the distributor is provided with six or eight output terminals, adopting 1:6 distribution or 1:8 distribution; when the distributor is 1:6 distribution, the sling synthesizer adopts a six-in-one form; when the distributor is 1:8 distribution, the sling synthesizer adopts an eight-in-one form.

[0030] Furthermore, the power amplifier plug-in, synthesizer and DC power supply all adopt a hot-swappable structure.

[0031] Furthermore, the power amplifier plug-in and the synthesizer both adopt a plug-in structure and are both provided with a radio frequency isolation and high-power reflection tolerance structure.

[0032] In another aspect, a method for using a solid-state power source system based on standardized design specifications is provided, comprising:

[0033] After the RF signal is amplified by the driver stage within the hierarchy, it is decomposed one by one to the entrance of each power amplifier plug-in through the distributor according to the number of levels of the solid-state power source system and the number of power amplifier plug-ins in each level;

[0034] The power amplifier plug-in amplifies the power of the amplified RF signal and synthesizes the power of each level through the synthesizer to achieve the rated output state;

[0035] The control system monitors the output status of the solid-state power source system in real time;

[0036] The DC power supply provides energy to each electrical component, and the liquid cooling system provides heat dissipation conditions for the DC power supply;

[0037] When the solid-state power source system is powered on and loaded to rated power for acceptance testing, the output of the synthesizer is connected to a load for traveling wave burn-in and testing. At the same time, an adjustable short-circuit breaker is connected to the output of the synthesizer to simulate the extreme operating conditions of the superconducting cavity. EMC and performance tests are performed in this state.

[0038] When the solid-state power source system is online, the output of the synthesizer is connected to the actual accelerator cavity for long-term stability operation.

[0039] The present invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical solution:

[0040] 1. The solid-state power source of the present invention adopts a standardized design to ensure compatibility and performance consistency, facilitate promotion and independent research and development among multiple manufacturers, facilitate later maintenance and industrial promotion, and can meet comprehensive electromagnetic compatibility requirements, even including the EMC requirements of large accelerators during hot plugging. It has comprehensive radiation, conduction, safety and other standards.

[0041] 2. The power amplifier plug-in and synthesizer of the present invention are specially designed for hot plugging. The former has special considerations for high power tolerance, and the latter has radio frequency isolation capability and strong isolation characteristics, thereby protecting the safety of the device during hot plugging.

[0042] 3. The design of the power amplifier plug-in and the power supply module in the present invention can realize the hot-swap function of the two faulty modules, and the power source does not need to be shut down or stop output, which greatly improves its availability.

[0043] 4. The synthesizer of the present invention is configured with six or eight input ports, which is the result of a trade-off between the output power of the synthesizer 4 being above 70% after a single port fails and the width of the power amplifier plug-in and the size of the 32-inch cabinet 1 .

[0044] 5. The DC power supply of the present invention has the characteristics of hot plugging and water and electricity separation, while taking into account the high requirements of EMC bidding.

[0045] 6. The control system of the present invention has the characteristics of high reliability and high compatibility, and can be compatible with products from different manufacturers.

[0046] 7. The overall structure of the present invention has strong rationality and scalability. Taking the 34-inch cabinet as the benchmark, considering the power density and multi-layer collaborative work, it can be flexibly output in single-layer, double-layer, triple-layer and whole machine when necessary. The 40kW continuous wave power of a single cabinet 1 is a reasonable power density requirement.

[0047] 8. In addition to the power amplifier plug-in and synthesizer, the control system, driver stage, DC power supply and other radio frequency structures of the present invention all comply with standardized design specifications in terms of structure, layout and dimensional tolerance.

[0048] 9. The present invention can fully adapt to the special requirements of the dynamic load of the accelerator and adopt a variety of comprehensive measures to improve the stability and reliability of the equipment under strong standing waves (total reflection of different phases).

[0049] In summary, the present invention can be widely applied in the field of accelerators. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below. The accompanying drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same components. In the drawings:

[0051] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a solid-state power source system provided in one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the left side is a schematic diagram of the front structure, and the right side is a schematic diagram of the back structure;

[0052] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a synthesizer provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a DC power supply structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the control system structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0056] It should be understood that the terms used herein are for the purpose of describing specific example embodiments only and are not intended to be limiting. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "one", "an" and "said" as used herein may also be meant to include plural forms. The terms "comprise", "include", "contain" and "have" are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements and / or parts, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, parts, and / or combinations thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring them to be performed in the specific order described or illustrated, unless the order of execution is clearly indicated. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be used.

[0057] Although the terms first, second, third, etc. can be used in the text to describe multiple elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms can only be used to distinguish an element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, terms such as "first", "second" and other numerical terms do not imply order or sequence when used in the text. Therefore, the first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below can be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teaching of the example embodiments.

[0058] For ease of description, spatially relative terms may be used herein to describe the relationship of one element or feature relative to another element or feature as shown in the figures, such as "inside," "outside," "inner side," "outer side," "lower," "upper," etc. Such spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.

[0059] The solid-state power source system and its use method based on standardized design specifications provided by the embodiments of the present invention focus on the application characteristics of accelerators and establish a solid-state power source system suitable for stable operation of accelerators and with unified and standardized core power components.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] As shown in Figures 1 and 4, this embodiment provides a solid-state power source system based on standardized design specifications, including a cabinet 1, a driver stage, a distributor 2, an amplifier plug-in 3, a synthesizer 4, a liquid cooling system 5, a DC power supply 6, a power transmission line 7 and a control system 8.

[0062] Cabinet 1 is equipped with several levels 11, each of which houses a corresponding driver stage, distributor 2, amplifier module 3, combiner 4, and liquid cooling system 5. Cabinet 1 also houses a DC power supply 6 and a control system 8. A single level 11 within cabinet 1 can provide power to a superconducting cavity, or multiple levels 11 within cabinet 1 can be combined to provide power to several high-power cavities.

[0063] The input of the driver stage is connected to the signal output port, and the output of the driver stage is connected to the input of the corresponding distributor 2. The driver stage is used to provide appropriate gain for the power amplifier plug-in 3. The higher the output power, the higher the device gain required. However, high-power output amplifiers generally have a gain of less than 25dB. The driver stage is a secondary amplifier between the input RF signal and the final power amplifier, providing an intermediate transition stage for high-gain amplification. The distributor 2 is provided with several output terminals, each of which is connected to the input of the corresponding synthesizer 4 through a corresponding power amplifier plug-in 3. The distributor 2 is used to divide the input RF signal into N branches. Several power amplifier plug-ins 3 are used to power amplify the RF signals input from the corresponding branches. The output of the synthesizer 4 is connected to the control system 8 via a power transmission line 7. The synthesizer 4 is used to synthesize the amplified power. The power transmission line 7 is used to transmit the synthesized power to the control system 8 with minimal loss. The power transmission line 7 is provided with a power monitoring device for monitoring whether the synthesized power is normal and whether the reflected power exceeds the limit.

[0064] Each driving stage (if the gain is very high and a single driving stage cannot cover all the gains, multiple driving stages are set to meet the requirements) and the power amplifier plug-in 3 are also respectively connected to the liquid cooling system 5, DC power supply 6 and control system 8. The liquid cooling system 5 is used to provide heat dissipation conditions for the DC power supply 6 (the optimized power amplifier plug-in 3 can be naturally cooled due to its excellent heat consumption control without the need for liquid cooling). The DC power supply 6 is used to provide energy for each electrical component. The control system 8 is used to monitor the output status of the solid-state power source system in real time, as well as multiple tasks such as operation evaluation, abnormal status alarm and interlocking of each component in the solid-state power source system.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, the levels 11 of the cabinet 1 may be four layers, which may be combined into one path, or divided into four paths or two paths.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment, the distributor 2 is provided with six or eight output ports, adopting 1:6 distribution or 1:8 distribution.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG2 , the power amplifier plug-in 3 serves as the most basic power amplification unit and is the core of the solid-state power source system. It can provide a gain of about 40 dB (a gain exceeding 40 dB is not recommended as there is a risk of self-excitation). After power amplification, the power amplifier plug-in enters the synthesizer 4 as the first-stage synthesizer. The synthesizer 4 synthesizes the amplified power. For example, six or eight power amplifier plug-ins 3 are used (the power of a single tube is considered to be a reasonable power value of 1000W to 1300W, taking into account the liquid cooling capacity, circulator insertion loss, and absorption load). In addition, considering the power backflow at the moment of hot plugging, the power amplifier plug-in 3 needs to withstand a reflection of 1.5 times the rated power.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment, each power amplifier plug-in 3 includes a housing 31 , in which a power amplifier tube, a circulator (including a load), a directional coupler, a temperature monitoring module, a current monitoring module and a communication module are arranged.

[0069] The power amplifier tube is connected to the circulator, the temperature monitoring module and the current monitoring module respectively. The circulator is also connected to the directional coupler and the temperature monitoring module respectively. The temperature monitoring module and the current monitoring module are also connected to the control system 8 through the communication module respectively.

[0070] The power amplifier tube is used to amplify the power of the radio frequency signal transmitted by the driver stage and the distributor 2.

[0071] The circulator is used for RF isolation to prevent reflected signals from flowing back into the power amplifier tube and damaging the power device, thus protecting the device safety.

[0072] The directional coupler is used to sample and detect the RF signal after power amplification to observe the power output and reflection.

[0073] The temperature monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature of the power amplifier tube to prevent damage to the power source due to overheating or other abnormal conditions.

[0074] The current monitoring module is used to monitor the current output of the power amplifier tube and the output of the DC power supply 6, and evaluate the operating status of the entire power amplifier plug-in 3.

[0075] Specifically, during operation, each power amplifier card 3 has a linear power of 1.1-1.2kW and a gain of approximately 38-40dB. Each power amplifier card 3 is designed for high standing wave applications, taking into account arbitrary phase total reflection, hot-swap tolerance (reflection of 1.5 times the rated power), and load pull (≤12%).

[0076] Specifically, due to the limited performance of ferrite materials and the low frequency of the frequency modulation band, general circulators cannot provide high isolation and long-term stable operation in superconducting accelerators. The present invention particularly enhances temperature compensation and load-pull performance. The circulator is a thermally sensitive element, and its cold and hot output characteristics, losses, and S parameters vary greatly. The present invention is provided with a temperature compensation function that can monitor the output characteristics of the circulator in real time and dynamically adjust the current of the circulator's magnetic field to ensure that the circulator always maintains the optimal output state at various temperatures, reduce heat loss, and improve output performance. In this way, during load pulling, special optimization is performed on the isolation to maximize the guarantee that the load pulling of the entire circuit is always kept to the minimum, improve equipment stability, and thus ensure the long-term stable operation of the solid-state power source system.

[0077] In a preferred embodiment, the power amplifier plug-in 3 and the synthesizer 4 both adopt a plug-in structure, and can simultaneously perform RF isolation and high-power reflection tolerance design. Through the circulator and the absorption load, the circulator can always maintain the optimal working point due to the dynamic adjustment of temperature compensation, ensuring that the power amplifier plug-in 3 can be "hot-swapped".

[0078] In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG1 , the combiner 4 includes a sling combiner 41 and a coaxial combiner 42. The sling combiner 41 is an all-in-one combiner, generally a combiner immediately following a plug-in, for combining all the powers of the corresponding level 11; the coaxial combiner 42 is a two-in-one combiner, used between two levels, for combining the powers of the connected levels 11. The principles of the sling combiner 41 and the coaxial combiner 42 are the same, but their forms are different.

[0079] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2 , the sling synthesizer 41 adopts a six-in-one form or an eight-in-one form, that is, the sling synthesizer 41 is provided with six or eight input terminals 43 and one output terminal 44 .

[0080] In a preferred embodiment, the synthesizer 4 has the ability of RF isolation, namely RF structure isolation and RF device isolation. The former can be achieved by using the natural advantages of RF structures such as a controlled short circuit or a cavity synthesizer 4; the latter is achieved by using a circulator, integrating its components with the synthesizer 4. Due to the effect of the components, the synthesizer ports are matched at the moment of hot plugging, which is equivalent to achieving RF isolation. The synthesizer 4 can perform RF blocking after detecting an abnormal power signal of the power amplifier plug-in 3, and then provide a stable input end when the port of the synthesizer 4 fails (at the moment of plugging and unplugging) to protect the reflected power and the backflow power of the adjacent input end from being controllably and stably distributed to other normal input ends, avoiding damage to the input end of the synthesizer 4 due to the power surge caused by disordered distribution due to mismatch, and can provide a maximum RF power output of 10kW. In this way, the whole machine can provide a maximum RF output power of about 40kW.

[0081] Specifically, when the distributor 2 is in a 1:6 distribution mode, the sling synthesizer 41 adopts a six-in-one mode; when the distributor 2 is in a 1:8 distribution mode, the sling synthesizer 41 adopts an eight-in-one mode.

[0082] In a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, the DC power supply 6 utilizes a hot-swappable, water-to-electricity separation structure, while also meeting stringent EMC standards. Contact cooling utilizes locking strips to increase heat transfer coefficients and implements current balancing (both hardware and CAN). Performance and electromagnetic compatibility meet all standardization requirements and EMC requirements for power supplies.

[0083] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid cooling system 5 includes a pipeline, a water valve, a water pressure gauge, a flow meter, a water distribution pipe, a water merging pipe, a liquid cooling plate and a total output water pipe. The inlet of the pipeline is connected to the external liquid cooling port, and external cooling water is introduced. A water pressure gauge and a flow meter are provided at the inlet of the pipeline. The water pressure gauge is used to obtain the water pressure at the water inlet of the pipeline, and the flow meter is used to obtain the flow rate at the water inlet of the pipeline. Several water distribution pipes (which can be set as four water distribution pipes) are provided on the pipeline, and the outlets of the water distribution pipes are respectively connected to the liquid cooling plates provided on the power amplifier plug-ins 3 of each level 11. The cooling water enters the liquid cooling plates provided on the power amplifier plug-ins 3 of each level 11 through the corresponding water distribution pipes. The inlet of the water merging pipe is connected to the external output port. The outlet of the water merging pipe is connected to the total output water pipe. The cooling water of the liquid cooling plates on the power amplifier plug-ins 3 of each layer absorbs the heat of each power amplifier plug-in 3 and then converges to the total output water pipe through the water merging pipe. The solid-state power source system of the present invention is used for strong standing wave applications, and the reliability and accuracy of its liquid cooling parameters require special design. The interlocking with the control system 8 also requires redundant reliability to avoid serious damage.

[0084] In a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, the control system 8 includes an ARM processor 81, an internal interface 82 and an external interface 83. The ARM processor 81 is connected to the DC power supply 6 and the temperature monitoring module, current monitoring module, power monitoring device and communication module of each power amplifier plug-in 3 through the internal interface 82. The ARM processor 81 is connected to the external SFP interface and DI / DO interface through the external interface 83. The ARM processor 81 is used to analyze and calculate the data transmitted by each power amplifier plug-in 3. The SFP interface is used to obtain analog signals after analog-to-digital conversion, such as power, current and voltage. The DI / DO interface is a 0 / 1 state switch interface, which is used to receive the state of the interlock switch quantity, such as water flow, ignition, etc., with 0 and 1 respectively representing two different states.

[0085] In a preferred embodiment, the entire cabinet 1 is specially designed to improve its electromagnetic shielding performance. The shielding effectiveness of the cabinet 1 reaches 50dB or above at the operating frequency. At the same time, the entire cabinet must meet the national standards for industrial, scientific, and medical radio frequency equipment, including those for conducted emissions, radiated emissions, harmonic currents, voltage flicker, electrostatic immunity, surge immunity, pulse group immunity, voltage interruptions, and power frequency magnetic fields. In some special cases, the requirements may exceed the national standards, such as for harmonic currents and radiated emissions. Specifically, special designs are made for EMC (electromagnetic compatibility). Conduction is achieved through the use of EMC filters; radiation is primarily achieved through the optimization and shielding of possible radiation sources; power-related aspects are primarily achieved through internal power supply design, with THD, immunity, and surges all assisted by national or international standards. Shielding of the cabinet 1 is achieved through a combination of measures, including structural design to reduce the area of ​​the radiation port, flange design at gaps, and the addition of absorbing materials.

[0086] In a preferred embodiment, the power amplifier plug-in 3 and the synthesizer 4, DC power supply 6 and control system 8 are all designed and produced using standardized specifications, and are all modular plug-in structures for easy replacement and maintenance.

[0087] Example 2

[0088] This embodiment provides a method for using a solid-state power source system based on standardized design specifications, including the following steps:

[0089] 1) After the small-signal RF signal is amplified by the driver stage in the layer 11, the amplified RF signal is decomposed one by one to the entrance of each power amplifier plug-in 3 through the distributor 2 (generally one division into M and then one division into N) according to the number of layers 11 of the solid-state power source system M and the number N of power amplifier plug-ins 3 in each layer 11.

[0090] 2) The power amplifier plug-in 3 amplifies the amplified RF signal, combines the power of a single layer 11 through the sling combiner 41, and then combines the power of other layers 11 again through the coaxial combiner 42 to achieve the rated output state.

[0091] 3) The control system 8 monitors the output status of the solid-state power source system in real time.

[0092] 4) The DC power supply 6 provides energy to each electrical component, and the liquid cooling system 5 provides heat dissipation conditions for the DC power supply 6.

[0093] 5) When the solid-state power source system of Example 1 is powered on and loaded to the rated power for testing and acceptance, the output end of the synthesizer 4 is connected to a 50kW high-power load for aging and testing in the traveling wave state.

[0094] 6) At the same time, an adjustable short-circuit can be connected to the output end of the synthesizer 4 to simulate the extreme working conditions of the superconducting cavity. In this state, EMC and performance tests are performed, specifically:

[0095] 6.1) Connect the output of synthesizer 4 to an adjustable short-circuit to simulate the extreme working conditions of the superconducting cavity.

[0096] 6.2) Due to the adjustable short circuit at the back end, the entire system output is a standing wave load, and all power will be returned to the circulator inside the power amplifier plug-in 3. By adjusting the adjustable short circuit, the arbitrary phase total reflection operating condition during superconducting cavity debugging can be simulated. Stable operation in this state can prove that the development of the solid-state power source system is consistent with the operating conditions of the superconducting cavity.

[0097] 7) When the solid-state power source system is online, the output end of the synthesizer 4 is connected to the actual accelerator cavity. Both the room temperature cavity and the superconducting cavity can operate stably for a long time. Specifically:

[0098] 7.1) Connect the output of synthesizer 4 to the actual accelerator cavity.

[0099] 7.2) Since the backend is an actual cavity and the entire system output is a dynamic load, power will be transmitted and absorbed based on the state of standing waves or traveling waves. Since the cavity is a high-Q standing wave structure, the operation of the cavity load will fully simulate various practical problems such as vacuum ignition, energy storage backflow, and field establishment difficulties. This is the most direct verification and test of the overall stable operation of the solid-state power source system.

[0100] 8) When the solid-state power source system is operating under load in a faulty state, a hot-swap test is performed in the event of a fault in the power amplifier module 3 or the DC power supply 6 to test the maintainability of the equipment. Specifically:

[0101] Since the whole machine output is a dynamic load, it can simulate the complete working conditions during normal operation. In particular, the verification of the hot-swap process of the present invention is also realized in actual operation, that is, under this working condition: a single power amplifier plug-in 3 or DC power supply 6 with power plug-in replacement, the former will have a great risk of damage due to the reflection and redistribution of RF power, so special consideration is given to RF isolation means to achieve safe and reliable hot-swap of the power amplifier plug-in 3; the latter is a DC power output and contact cooling design. As long as the power redundancy meets the requirements and the necessary power supply and control interfaces are set with "long and short pin" timing, the hot-swap of the power module can be relatively simple.

[0102] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, wherein the structure, connection mode and manufacturing process of each component can be changed. Any equivalent transformations and improvements based on the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded from the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid-state power source system based on standardized design specifications, characterized in that: Including cabinets, driver stages, distributors, amplifier plug-ins, synthesizers, liquid cooling systems, DC power supplies and control systems; The cabinet is provided with several levels, each of which is provided with the corresponding driving stage, distributor, power amplifier plug-in, synthesizer and liquid cooling system; the cabinet is also provided with the DC power supply and control system; the input end of the driving stage is connected to the signal output port, the output end of the driving stage is connected to the input end of the corresponding distributor, each output end of the distributor is connected to the input end of the corresponding synthesizer through the corresponding power amplifier plug-in, and the output end of the synthesizer is connected to the control system; each driving stage and power amplifier plug-in is also connected to the DC power supply, liquid cooling system and control system respectively; The driver stage is used to provide gain for the power amplifier plug-in; The distributor is used to divide the input radio frequency signal into several branches; The power amplifier plug-in is used to amplify the power of the radio frequency signal input by the corresponding branch; The synthesizer is used to synthesize the amplified power; The DC power supply is used to provide energy to each electrical component; The liquid cooling system is used to provide heat dissipation conditions for the DC power supply; The control system is used to monitor the output state of the solid-state power source system in real time.

2. A solid-state power source system based on standardized design specifications as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the synthesizer is connected to the control system through a power transmission line, and a power monitoring device for monitoring whether the synthesized power is normal and whether the reflected power exceeds the limit value is arranged on the power transmission line.

3. A solid-state power source system based on standardized design specifications as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the power amplifier plug-ins comprises a housing, in which a power amplifier tube, a circulator, a directional coupler, a temperature monitoring module, a current monitoring module and a communication module are arranged; The power amplifier tube is respectively connected to the circulator, the temperature monitoring module and the current monitoring module, the circulator is also respectively connected to the directional coupler and the temperature monitoring module, and the temperature monitoring module and the current monitoring module are also respectively connected to the control system through the communication module; The power amplifier tube is used to amplify the power of the radio frequency signal transmitted by the driver stage and the distributor; The circulator is used for radio frequency isolation; The directional coupler is used to sample and detect the radio frequency signal after power amplification; The temperature monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature of the power amplifier tube; The current monitoring module is used to monitor the current output of the power amplifier tube and the output of the DC power supply.

4. A solid-state power source system based on standardized design specifications as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid cooling system includes pipelines, water valves, water pressure gauges, flow meters, water distribution pipes, water merging pipes, liquid cooling plates and a total output water pipe; The inlet of the pipeline is connected to the external liquid cooling port, and external cooling water is introduced. The inlet of the pipeline is provided with the water pressure gauge for obtaining the water pressure at the water inlet of the pipeline and the flow meter for obtaining the flow at the water inlet of the pipeline; a plurality of water distribution pipes are provided on the pipeline, and the outlets of the water distribution pipes are respectively connected to the liquid cooling plates provided on each of the power amplifier plug-ins, and the cooling water enters each of the liquid cooling plates through the corresponding water distribution pipes; the inlet of the combined water pipe is connected to the external output port, and the outlet of the combined water pipe is connected to the total output water pipe, and the cooling water of each of the liquid cooling plates absorbs the heat of each of the power amplifier plug-ins and then converges to the total output water pipe through the combined water pipe.

5. A solid-state power source system based on standardized design specifications as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The control system includes an ARM processor, an internal interface and an external interface; The ARM processor is connected to the DC power supply and the temperature monitoring module, current monitoring module, power monitoring device and communication module of each power amplifier plug-in through the internal interface, and the ARM processor is connected to the external SFP interface and DI / DO interface through the external interface. The ARM processor is used to analyze and calculate the data transmitted by each power amplifier plug-in, the SFP interface is used to obtain the analog signal after analog-to-digital conversion, and the DI / DO interface is a switch quantity interface in 0 / 1 state, which is used to receive the state of the interlocking switch quantity.

6. A solid-state power source system based on standardized design specifications as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The synthesizer includes a sling synthesizer and a coaxial synthesizer. The sling synthesizer is an all-in-one device for synthesizing all powers corresponding to the levels; the coaxial synthesizer is a two-in-one device for synthesizing powers of the connected levels.

7. A solid-state power source system based on standardized design specifications as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The distributor is provided with six or eight output terminals, and adopts 1:6 distribution or 1:8 distribution; when the distributor adopts 1:6 distribution, the sling synthesizer adopts a six-in-one form; when the distributor adopts 1:8 distribution, the sling synthesizer adopts an eight-in-one form.

8. A solid-state power source system based on standardized design specifications as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The power amplifier plug-in, synthesizer and DC power supply all adopt a hot-swap structure.

9. A solid-state power source system based on standardized design specifications as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The power amplifier plug-in and the synthesizer both adopt a direct plug-in structure and are both provided with a radio frequency isolation and high-power reflection tolerance structure.

10. A method for using a solid-state power source system based on a standardized design specification according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: After the RF signal is amplified by the driving stage in the layer, according to the number of layers of the solid-state power source system and each layer The number of power amplifier plug-ins of the stage is determined, and the amplified RF signal is decomposed one by one to the entrance of each power amplifier plug-in through the distributor; The power amplifier plug-in performs power amplification on the amplified RF signal and synthesizes the power of each level through the synthesizer to achieve the rated output state; The control system monitors the output status of the solid-state power source system in real time; The DC power supply is used to provide energy to each electrical component, and the liquid cooling system is used to provide heat dissipation conditions for the DC power supply; When the solid-state power source system is powered on and loaded to the rated power for test acceptance, the output end of the synthesizer is connected to the load to perform aging and testing of the traveling wave state. At the same time, an adjustable short-circuit is connected to the output end of the synthesizer to simulate the extreme working conditions of the superconducting cavity, and EMC and performance tests are performed in this state. When the solid-state power source system is online, the output of the synthesizer is connected to the actual accelerator cavity for long-term stability operation.

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