System and method for analysing gases dissolved in insulating oil of electrical equipment

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system for the analysis of dissolved gases (AGD) based on a photoacoustic spectrometer (EFA) which communicates by means of optical fibres (FO) and, in some embodiments, equipped with an optoelectronic multiplexer (MOE) which allows the system to be used for the simultaneous analysis of the insulating oils of several power transformers (TP), or other oil-insulated electrical equipment, operating in the same installation. More specifically, the present invention describes a system comprising at least one oil-dissolved gas analysis unit which communicates by means of optical fibres (UAGD-FO) (100), several oil-dissolved gas extraction units (and photoacoustic chamber) which communicate by means of optical fibres (UEGD-FO) (200a to 200n), one optical fibre multiplexing unit for several UEGD-FOs (UMNUEGD-FO) (300) and a data processing and communication unit (UTCD) (400), in which said integrated elements continuously monitor the concentrations of the gases dissolved in the oils of various items of electrical equipment. The invention further relates to a method for analysis using a multiplexed system, which allows the establishment of simultaneous switching sequences of an optical multiplexer unit (UMO) (301), an analogue multiplexer unit (UMA) (302) and a digital multiplexer unit (UMD) (304) in the connection of the signals from a plurality of UEGD-FOs (200a to 200n) to a UAGD-FO (100), by determining instructions to be executed by a UTCD (400).

Description

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ANALYZING DISSOLVED GASES IN INSULATING OIL OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Field of Application

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of technologies applied to dissolved gas analysis (DGA) in insulating oils of electrical equipment, such as Power Transformers (PT), or other oil-insulated electrical equipment. In particular, the present invention relates to equipment and systems for dissolved gas analysis (DGA) in insulating oil of power transformers based on photoacoustic spectrometry (PAIS). Background of the Invention

[0002] Faults in power transformers (such as partial discharges, electric arcs, and overheating, for example) typically lead to degradation of their insulating materials, resulting in the production of certain gases (e.g., CO, CO2, H2, CPU, C2H2, etc.) that become dissolved in the oil. Above a certain concentration level, these gases act as thermal insulation, causing the equipment to overheat and, concomitantly, reducing the oil's dielectric strength, potentially causing electrical insulation failures.

[0003] Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) in transformer oil, based on guidelines from standards such as IEC (IEC 60599: Interpretation of the Analysis of Gases in Transformers and Other Oil-Filled Electrical Equipment in Service. 1978), CIGRE (CIGRE, Recent Developments in DGA Interpretation— CIGRE D1.01 / A2.11 296, Tech. Rep., 2006) and IEEE (IEEE Guide for the interpretation of gases generated in oil immersed transformers, IEEE Std. C57. 104-1991 . 1994 ), is a practice followed by all electric power companies, and real-time monitoring based on photoacoustic spectroscopy (EFA), which has been replacing chromatographic analyses by sampling, is increasingly common, given its inherent characteristics (speed, precision, sampling adaptability, etc.) and its adherence to the Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) philosophy.

[0004] Currently, conventional systems used in the field for dissolved gas analysis (DGA) in insulating oil of power transformers based on photoacoustic spectrometry (FAE) require that the analysis equipment be installed close to the transformer so that the oil can circulate to the photoacoustic chamber (FAC), through pipes that are as short as possible, in order to avoid problems such as leaks, environmental contamination and increased time between analyses.Systems capable of using a single EFA-based AGD device to simultaneously monitor multiple transformers in large power generation, transmission, and distribution substations have not been recommended by manufacturers, nor have they been found in the field. This is due to the distances of tens of meters that typically exist between them and the difficulty in avoiding cross-contamination between oil samples from various transformers when successively inserted into the gas phase extraction device. This limitation means that analyzing oils from multiple transformers in the same plant requires the installation of a separate device. analyzer for each transformer, which makes the monitoring system very expensive. The total costs involved in installing such systems typically make them economically unfeasible for widespread adoption across all power transformers installed in large power substations.

[0005] Thus, the present invention arises from the need for a system and a method that enable measurements of dissolved gas concentrations in oils of multiple transformers in the field, in a periodic, continuous and simultaneous manner, which is based on AGD by EFA, and which uses fiber optic communication and multiplexing techniques, seeking to make its cost accessible. State of the Art

[0006] AGD systems are currently commercially available that can analyze the concentration of dissolved gases in transformer oil in the field, that is, in the generation, transmission, or distribution substations themselves. These systems are directly coupled to the transformers, providing continuous and dedicated monitoring of that specific equipment. Through a communication system between these devices, for example via an intranet, the measurement results can be made available to a centralized database.

[0007] However, the most sophisticated AGD systems, based on photoacoustic spectroscopy, which measure various dissolved gases and oil moisture, are very expensive, which in practice makes their use unfeasible in installations where there are several transformers to be monitored simultaneously and continuously.

[0008] This scenario motivated the development of a system and a method that enable the monitoring of multiple transformers using a single AGD system per EFA. The system proposed by the present invention is based on a photoacoustic spectrometer (EFA-FO) specially developed by the Holders, with a fiber optic link between an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) and the Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), as illustrated in Figure 1.

[0009] The introduction of such a fiber optic link allows the present invention to provide a multiplexing unit which, in turn, enables the monitoring of several transformers by the same AGD equipment.

[0010] In the developed system, the light transmission technology through links to special optical fibers is composed of light focusing and coupling systems in diffractive and / or refractive optics to connect the EFA to the Gas Phase Extraction Unit (GPEU) (17) of the transformer insulating oil, in order to allow remote monitoring of the content of gases dissolved in the transformer oil in a safe manner and insensitive to electromagnetic interference present in the substation environment.

[0011] To make the differential technical solutions provided by the present invention even clearer, some publications found in the state of the art will be illustrated below.

[0012] Document CN210487949U, which refers to a "Online Photoacoustic Spectrometry Oil Monitoring Device for Oil-Immersed High-Voltage Equipment" describes a system for monitoring dissolved gas levels in oil for high-voltage equipment. The system comprises an oil pump that transports oil from the oil cavity of the oil-immersed high-pressure equipment to an oil tank through an oil inlet pipe. A liquid level monitoring component controls the quantitative oil intake, and a negative pressure device, along with a pressure monitoring component, converts the pressure in the oil tank to negative pressure. A heating and temperature monitoring device is present, while an agitation device promotes rotation to remove gas from the oil. After this step is completed, the oil pump discharges the analyzed oil sample into the oil cavity of the high-voltage equipment through an outlet pipe.In this sense, in CN210487949U, the oil is removed by circulation and no oil is discharged outside the system. The gas extracted from the small oil tank is then transported through a gas transfer line to a photoacoustic spectroscopy analysis unit, where detection and analysis of this gas is carried out during the operation of the system.

[0013] The photoacoustic spectroscopy proposed in CN210487949U is carried out in the analysis unit comprising a photoacoustic spectroscopic gas analyzer, wherein the gas analyzer completes the gas concentration detection, which is flexibly configurable. The type of detected gas can be selected according to the actual needs of different types, mainly including acetylene, methane, ethane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and according to the test results to analyze the gas content in the oil.

[0014] Although document CN210487949U addresses the analysis of gases dissolved in oil from equipment such as transformers, mentioning the use of photoacoustic spectroscopy, this document clearly does not provide any information regarding monitoring multiple transformers using a single gas analysis system equipped with its own photoacoustic spectroscopy equipment.

[0015] In turn, document CN106290590A, which describes "Photoacoustic spectrometry and chromatography for trace gas in insulating oil and method of analysis," also constitutes the prior art. This document addresses a mechanism for analyzing gases dissolved in insulating oil present in important electrical equipment, using photoacoustic spectroscopy and chromatography. To this end, the object of its description comprises a box, the box equipped with an automatic sampling assembly, means for separating the sample gas, and means for spectral detection. CN106290590A describes that the actions performed in the proposed analysis, through its equipment, are automatic and independent of human intervention. Furthermore, this document highlights the advantages of reduced costs and an intelligent structure, although composed of relatively simple hardware.In this aspect, that is, regarding the size of the equipment of CN106290590A, it is possible to observe that the objectives diverge significantly from the proposal of the present invention. In particular, there is none. reference to the concrete possibility of monitoring multiple transformers using a single dissolved gas analysis system by photoacoustic spectroscopy.

[0016] Finally, document US2014036954AA refers to a "Method and device for dissolved gas analysis." Specifically, document US2014036954AA relates to a device and system applied to dissolved gas analysis. The device of US2014036954AA includes a fluid container for holding a fluid to be analyzed. The container has a volume to hold a minimum amount of the fluid to be analyzed. Furthermore, the device includes an electromagnetic radiation source. The radiation source is arranged to direct the radiation toward the fluid container. In some cases, a suitable optical arrangement may be used to direct the radiation in a particular manner. The radiation source produces radiation at a wavelength or wavelengths corresponding to a spectral absorption band of a selected gas to be monitored in the fluid.In one embodiment, the gas to be monitored may be an indicator of failure, which are those released within the equipment after a malfunction. From the description provided, it is clear that the structure of US2014036954AA is completely distinct from the presentation of the system of the invention. Therefore, said document does not influence any aspect of the patentability of the present invention.

[0017] From all of the above, it is notable that the state of the art lacks a system and a method capable of enabling measurements of concentrations of elements present in gaseous media, based on a spectrometer. photoacoustic (EFA) communicated to optical fibers (FO), which can employ an optoelectronic multiplexer (MOE) allowing the system to be used for simultaneous analysis of the compositions of several gas mixtures, present in different locations in the same installation. Brief Description of the Invention

[0018] The present invention describes a system for analyzing gases dissolved in insulating oil of electrical equipment, said system comprising a photoacoustic spectrometer capable of using optical fiber linkage (EFA-FO), comprising: - a Dissolved Gases in Oil Analysis Unit communicated to Optical Fibers (UAGD-FO) (100) , comprising an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) , a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18) , a Communication Interface Unit (UIC) (26) , a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (22) , in which said Dissolved Gases in Oil Analysis Unit communicated to Optical Fibers (UAGD-FO) (100) is in communication with a Data Treatment and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400) and is powered by a power supply (500) ; and at least one Optical Fiber Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit (UEGD-FO) (200a to 200n), comprising a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17).

[0019] Furthermore, it is envisaged that the system for analyzing gases dissolved in insulating oil of electrical equipment, non-multiplexed, and comprising a photoacoustic spectrometer capable of using optical fiber link (EFA-FO), including: - a Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) communicable with a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18), a Communication Interface Unit (UIC) (26), in addition to a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (22), in which said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Supply (500) and connected to a Data Treatment and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400); and - a Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit in oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17), in which the communication of the analog (SA) and command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) between the UAGD-FO (100) and UEGD-FO (200) units is done by means of electrical cabling (19).

[0020] Precisely, the UEFG (17) extracts samples of the gases dissolved in the insulating oil of the electrical equipment connected to said UEFG (17) by means of inlet (EOL) and outlet (SOL) accesses in the form of pipes, in which samples of dissolved gases extracted from the oil are circulated in the Photoacoustic Analysis Chamber (CFA) (12) by means of inlet (EG) and outlet (SG) pipes.

[0021] Additionally, the system for analyzing gases dissolved in insulating oil of equipment electrical, non-multiplexed, and comprising a photoacoustic spectrometer capable of using optical fiber link (EFA-FO), may comprise: - a Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) communicable with a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18), an Optical Communication Interface Unit 1 (UIC) (26a), in addition to a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (22), in which said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Supply (500) and connected to a Data Treatment and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400); and - the Dissolved Gas Extraction Units in oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200a) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21), an Optical Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICO2) (27a) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17), in which the communication of the analog (SA) and command and control (digital) (SCCb) signals between the UAGD-FO (100) and UEGD-FO (200) units is made by means of an optical fiber link (19a).

[0022] It can be observed that acoustic and optical signals (SAI, SA2 and SO) are associated with each other by the Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (UCS2) (21), and a resulting signal (SA) is associated with command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) by the Optical Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICO2) (27a), resulting in a digital optical signal (SOD), whose communication is made between the UEGD-FO units (200) and UAGD-FO (100) via the fiber optic link (19a).

[0023] The Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18) and the Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (22) are connected to the Optical Communication Interface Unit 1 (UICO1) (26a), which, in addition to communicating digital optical signals (SOD) with the Optical Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICO2) (27a) contained in the UEGD-FO (200a) through the fiber optic link (19a), communicates with the Data Processing and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400) through a digital signal link (SD).

[0024] Meanwhile, the Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20) processes and communicates the analog and digital command and control signals SAD2 with a UCS2 (21), in which the UCS2 (21) uses the analog and digital command and control signals SAD2 in the conditioning and digitalization of the analog acoustic signals (SAI and SA2) of the TA (13) and SO of the FDIV (16), and in which the UCC2 (20) processes and communicates the SCCc signal with the UEFG (17) and the SCCb signal with the UICO2 (27a).

[0025] In another embodiment, the system for analyzing gases dissolved in insulating oil of electrical equipment, non-multiplexed, and comprising a photoacoustic spectrometer capable of using fiber optic link (EFA-FO), comprises: - a Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) communicable with a Command and Control unit 1 (UCC1) (18), a Wireless Communication Interface unit 1 (UIC) (26b) , in addition to a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (28) , in which said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Supply (500) and connected to a Data Processing and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400) ; and - a Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit in oil communicated by Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200a) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02) , a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20) , a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21) , a Wireless Communication Interface Unit (27b) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17) , in which the communication of SCCb and SA signals associated and converted into radio frequency signal (SRF) by the Wireless Communication Interface Unit 1 (UICSF1) (26b) , is made by means of a "wireless" link between the UAGD-FO (100) and UEGD-FO (200a) units, using radio frequency emitting / receiving antennas (29 and 30) .

[0026] The UCC1 (18) and the UCS1 (28) are connected to the Wireless Communication Interface Unit 1 (UICSF1) (26b), which communicates radio frequency signals (SRF) with the Wireless Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICSF2) (27b) contained in the UAFAGC (200a) by means of RF transmission / reception antennas (29 and 30) and with the Data Processing and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400) through a digital signal link (SD).

[0027] In another additionally provided modality, the system for analyzing gases dissolved in insulating oil of electrical equipment, multiplexed, and comprising a photoacoustic spectrometer with the capacity to use optical fiber link (EFA-FO), comprises: - a Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) communicable with a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18), a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (28) and a Communication Interface Unit (UIC) (26), in which said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Supply (500) and connected to a Data Processing and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400); at least one Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit in oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200a) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17); and - a Multiplexing Unit of several UEGD-FOs to Optical Fibers (UMNUEGD-FO) (300) between the units (100) and (200a), comprising an Optical Multiplexing Unit (301), an Analog Multiplexing Unit (UMA) (302), a Signal Processing Unit (UPS) (303) and a Digital Multiplexing Unit (UMD) (304), in which the communication of analog (SA) and command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) between the UAGD-FO (100) and UMNUEGD-FO (300) units is made by means of an electrical cabling connection (19), and the communications of the same type of signals between the UMNUEGD-FO unit (300) and the multiple UEGD-FO units (200a to 200n) are made by means of electrical connections electrical wiring (308a to 308n).

[0028] Analog (SA) and digital (SD1) signals from the UAGD-FO (100) via the link (19) and separated by a connector (25) are directed, respectively, to the UMA (302) and to the UPS (303), which also receives the signal (SD2) from the UMD (304) and generates an optical switching control signal (SCO) for the UMO (301) and an analog switching control signal (SCA) for the UMA (302), in which the sequence of simultaneous switching of the UMO (301), the UMA (302) and the UMD (304), which connects the signals of one of the UEGD-FO (200a to 200n) to the UAGD-FO (100), is controlled by the UTCD (400) through the digital signal link (SD) connected to the UMD (304), in a manner defined by an operator through an interface associated with computer operating instructions of the system.

[0029] The UMO (301) is built using optomechanical technologies of telecontrolled micropositioners, micro opto-electro-mechanical systems - MOEMS, electro-optical switches in integrated optics or other that performs the technique of optical multiplexing in the time domain (TDOM) of optical fiber channels, and the UMA (302) is built using electronic technologies that use the technique of analog multiplexing in the time domain (TDAM) of analog signal channels, and the UMD (304) consists of a microcontroller with embedded instructions equipped with accesses that send and receive digital command and control signals (SCCba to SCCbn), which are sent simultaneously to the various UEGD-FO (200a to 200n).

[0030] Another modality still provides that the system for analyzing gases dissolved in insulating oil of electrical equipment, multiplexed, and comprising a photoacoustic spectrometer capable of using fiber optic links (EFA-FO), comprising: - a Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) communicable with a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18), a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (28) and an Optical Communication Interface Unit (26a), in which said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Supply (500) and connected to a Data Processing and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400); at least one Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit in oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200a) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21), an Optical Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICO2) (27a) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17); and - a Multiplexing Unit of several UEGD-FOs to Optical Fibers (UMNUEGD-FO) (300a) between the units (100) and (200a), comprising an Optical Multiplexing Unit (301), an Optical Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICO2) (27a), a Signal Processing Unit (UPS) (303) and a Digital Multiplexing Unit with Optical Outputs (304a), in which the communication of the analog (SA) and command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) between the UAGD-FO (100) and UMNUEGD-FO (300) units is made by means of a fiber optic connection (19a), and the communications of the signals thereof types between the UMNUEGD-FO unit (300) and the multiple UEGD-FO units (200a to 200n) are made via fiber optic connections (309a to 309n).

[0031] UCC1 (18) and UCS1 (28) are connected to the Optical Communication Interface Unit 1 (UICO1) (26a), which associates analog signals (SA) with command and control (digital) signals (SCCb), generating digital optical signals (SOD).

[0032] The Optical Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICO2) (27a) converts the digital optical signals (SOD) exchanged with the UAGD-FO (100) via the fiber optic link (19a) into electrical digital signals (SD1) and vice-versa, in which the (SD1) are directed to the UPS (303), which also receives the signal (SD2) from the UMD-SO (304a) and generates an optical switching control signal (SCO) for the UM O (301).

[0033] A sequence of simultaneous switching of the UMO (301) and the UMD-SO (304a), which connects the signals of one of the UEGD-FO (200a to 200n) to the UAGD-FO (100), is controlled by the UTCD (400) through the digital signal link (SD) connected to the UMD-SO (304a).

[0034] An additional embodiment of the invention provides for the System for analyzing gases dissolved in insulating oil of electrical equipment, multiplexed, and comprising a photoacoustic spectrometer capable of using optical fiber linkage (EFA-FO), comprising: - a Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil connected to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) communicable with a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18), a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (28) and a Wireless Communication Interface Unit (26a), in which said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Supply (500) and connected to a Data Processing and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400); at least one Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit in oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200a) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21), a Media Conversion Unit (27) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17); and - a Multiplexing Unit of several UEGD-FOs to Optical Fibers (UMNUEGD-FO) (300a) between the units (100) and (200a) , comprising an Optical Multiplexing Unit (301) , an Optical Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICO2) (27a) , a Signal Processing Unit (UPS) (303) and a Digital Multiplexing Unit with Optical Outputs (304a) , in which the command, control and measurement signals are communicated between the UAGD-FO (100) and UMNUEGD-FO (300) units by means of a "wireless" link, using radio frequency transmitting / receiving antennas (29 and 30) , while the communications of the signals of the same types between the UMNUEGD-FO unit (300) and the multiple UEGD-FO units (200a to 200n) are made through fiber optic connections (309a to 309n).

[0035] Analog signals (SA) are associated with command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) in the UAGD-FO (100) by Wireless Communication Interface Unit 1 (UICSF1) (26a) , giving rise to the radio frequency signal (SRF) that is communicated to the UMNUEGD-FO (300) through a "wireless" link, using the radio frequency transmitting / receiving antennas (29 and 30) , in which the analog signals (SA) are associated with the command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) generating the digital optical signals (SODa to SODn) , which are communicated between the UMNUEGD-FO unit (300) and the multiple UEGD-FO units (200a to 200n) through fiber optic links (309a to 309n) .

[0036] And an additional modality, the system for analyzing gases dissolved in insulating oil of electrical equipment, multiplexed, and comprising a photoacoustic spectrometer with the capacity to use optical fiber link (EFA-FO), comprises: - the Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) communicable with a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18), a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (28) and a Wireless Communication Interface Unit (26a), in which said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Supply (500) and connected to a Data Processing and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400); - at least one Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit in oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200a) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21), a Wireless Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICSF2) (27b) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (GPEU) (17); and - a Multiplexer Unit of several UEGD-FOs to Optical Fibers (UMNUEGD-FO) (300a) between the units (100) and (200a), comprising an Optical Multiplexer Unit (301), a Wireless Communication Interface Unit (27a) and a Signal Processing Unit (UPS) (303), in which the command, control and measurement signals are communicated between the UAGD-FO (100) and UMNUEGD-FO (300) units by means of a "wireless" link, using radio frequency transmitting / receiving antennas (29 and 30), and the communications of the signals of the same types between the UMNUEGD-FO unit (300) and the multiple UEGD-FO units (200a to 200n) are also made by "wireless" links, using radio frequency transmitting / receiving antennas (204a to 204n), and in which communication between the UTCD (400) and the other units of the system is also carried out via a "wireless" link, using an RF antenna (31). Brief Description of the Figures

[0037] Figure 1 shows a diagram of the photoacoustic spectrometer with fiber optic link (EFA-FO) used in the system of the present invention. In particular, Figure 1 delimits, through a block formed by a dashed line, the EFA-FO. In the other figures included in the present application, it is possible to observe that the fiber optic dissolved gas analysis system (AGD-FO) consists of the EFA-FO with the addition of one or more gas phase extraction units (GPUs) of the insulating oil. The portion of the system that corresponds to the EFA-FO is, therefore, almost everything, except for the UEFG, represented by element 17.

[0038] Figure 2 shows a block diagram of a first basic exemplary embodiment of the AGD-FO System, in the non-multiplexed configuration, which is the subject of this patent application, in which the communication of the analog (SA) and command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) between the UAGD-FO (100) and UEGD-FO (200) units is done by means of electrical cabling (19).

[0039] Figure 3 shows a block diagram of a second exemplary embodiment of the AGD-FO System, in the non-multiplexed configuration, which is the subject of this patent application, in which the communication of the analog (SA) and command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) between the UAGD-FO (100) and UEGD-FO (200) units is done via a fiber optic link (19a).

[0040] Figure 4 illustrates a third exemplary embodiment of the AGD-FO System, still in the non-multiplexed configuration, also the subject of this patent application, in which the command, control and measurement signals are communicated between the UAGD-FO (100) and UEGD-FO (200) units via a "wireless" link, using radio frequency (RF) transmitter / receiver antennas (29 and 30).

[0041] Figure 5 shows a block diagram of a fourth exemplary embodiment of the AGD-FO System, in the multiplexed configuration, which is the subject of this patent application, in which the communication of the analog (SA) and command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) between the UAGD-FO (100) and UMNUEGD-FO (300) units is made by means of an electrical cabling connection (19), as well as the communications of the same type of signals between the UMNUEGD-FO (300) unit and the multiple UEGD-FO units (200a to 200n) are made through connections to electrical cabling (308a to 308n).

[0042] Figure 6 shows a block diagram of a fifth exemplary embodiment of the AGD-FO System, in the multiplexed configuration, which is the subject of this patent application, in which the communication of the analog (SA) and command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) between the UAGD-FO (100) and UMNUEGD-FO (300) units is made by means of a fiber optic connection (19a), as well as the communications of the same types of signals between the UMNUEGD-FO unit (300) and the multiple UEGD-FO units (200a to 200n) are made by means of fiber optic connections (309a to 309n).

[0043] Figure 7 shows a block diagram of a sixth exemplary embodiment of the AGD-FO System, in the multiplexed configuration, object of the present patent application, in which the command, control and measurement signals are communicated between the UAGD-FO (100) and UMNUEGD-FO (300) units by means of a "wireless" link, using radio frequency transmitting / receiving antennas (29 and 30). The communications of the same types of signals between the UMNUEGD-FO unit (300) and the multiple UEGD-FO units (200a to 200n) are made by means of fiber optic connections (309a to 309n).

[0044] Figure 8 shows a block diagram of a seventh exemplary embodiment of the AGD-FO System, in the multiplexed configuration, which is the subject of this patent application, in which the command, control and measurement signals are communicated between the UAGD-FO (100) and UMNUEGD-FO (300) units by means of a "wireless" link, using radio frequency transmitting / receiving antennas (29 and 30). In this embodiment, however, communications of signals of the same types between the UMNUEGD-FO unit (300) and the multiple UEGD-FO units (200a to 200n) are also made by "wireless" links, using radio frequency transmitting / receiving antennas (204a to 204n). In this embodiment, in addition, communications between the UTCD (400) and the other units of the system are also made by "wireless" links, using an RF antenna (31).

[0045] Figure 9 shows an example of the interface for presenting measurements of dissolved gas concentrations in the oils of various transformers. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0046] The present invention relates to a system for analyzing gases dissolved in insulating oil present in electrical equipment. The system of the present invention uses a photoacoustic spectrometer capable of using a fiber optic link (EFA-FO), which preferably appears in the form of the subject matter of the related patent application filed in parallel by the Applicant itself, in which said link connects an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) and a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), as illustrated in Figure 1. In this sense, Figure 1 illustrates a diagram of said photoacoustic spectrometer with fiber optic link (EFA-FO), with the aim of contributing to the description of the invention.Thus, it will be clear to a person skilled in the art that the present invention initially comprises a photoacoustic spectrometer with fiber optic link (EFA-FO), preferably as defined in the application filed in parallel by the Applicant, comprising, at least one Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) and one Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02). More specifically, they make up the configuration fundamentally proposed by the invention: - a Dissolved Gases in Oil Analysis Unit communicated to Optical Fibers (UAGD-FO) (100) , comprising an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) , a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18) , a Communication Interface (UIC) (26) , a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (22) , in which said Dissolved Gases in Oil Analysis Unit communicated to Optical Fibers (UAGD-FO) (100) is in communication with a Data Treatment and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400) and is powered by a power supply (500) ; at least one Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit in oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200a to 200n), comprising a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17).

[0047] The Fiber Optic Dissolved Gas Analysis System (AGD-FO) described in the present invention may be equipped with an optoelectronic multiplexer (MCE) that allows the system to be used for simultaneous analysis of the insulating oils of several Power Transformers (PT), or other oil-insulated electrical equipment, operating in the same installation. Therefore, the scope of the present invention includes non-multiplexed configurations using, for example, electrical cabling or fiber optic link or "wireless" link, as well as modalities providing for multiplexing, using electrical cabling or fiber optics or "wireless" link. The presentation of each of these modalities will be described in detail below. First embodiment:

[0048] Therefore, continuing with the description of the system of the invention, figure 2 shows a block diagram of a basic exemplary embodiment of the system of the invention, in the non-multiplexed configuration.

[0049] As can be seen from figure 2, the system in this embodiment presents itself with: - the Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) communicable with a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18), a Communication Interface Unit (UIC) (26), in addition to a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (22), in which said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Supply (500) and connected to a Data Treatment and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400); and - the Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit in oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (UCS2) (21) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17).

[0050] In this embodiment of the invention, the communication of the analog (SA) and command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) between the UAGD-FO (100) and UEGD-FO (200) units is made by means of electrical cabling (19).

[0051] It can be noted, therefore, that in the configuration of figure 2, the Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18) and the Communication Interface Unit (UIC) (26) are associated with the Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (22) to form the Oil Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit communicated to Optical Fibers (UAGD-FO) (100). Meanwhile, the Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20) and the Transformer Insulating Oil Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17) are associated with the Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (UCS2) (21) and the UAFAG (02) to form the Oil Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit (and photoacoustic chamber) communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200).

[0052] The UEFG (17) is responsible for extracting samples of gases dissolved in the insulating oil of a transformer, or other oil-insulated equipment, to which it is connected via inlet (EOL) and outlet (SOL) accesses through appropriate piping. The dissolved gas samples extracted from the oil are circulated in the Photoacoustic Analysis Chamber (CFA) (12) through the inlet (EG) and outlet (SG) piping. Various methods and operating principles contained in the state of the art can be employed in the construction and operation of the UEFG (17). For example, the gas extraction methods for DGA described in ASTM D3612 (Oil-filled electrical equipment. Sampling of gases and analysis of free and dissolved gases. Guidance, ASTM D3612-02R17) / IEC 60567 (Oil-filled electrical equipment. Sampling of gases and analysis of free and dissolved gases. Guidance, BS EN 60567:2011), known as: ASTM D3612-A: Mercury piston "vacuum extraction", in which dissolved gases are extracted from the oil by agitation and vacuum; ASTM D3612-B: bubbling method "stripping method", in which a nitrogen bubble is produced that separates the gases from the oil; and ASTM D3612-C: "head space" analysis, which consists of placing the oil sample in contact with a gaseous phase (head space) in a closed container so that the dissolved gases equilibrate between the two phases (liquid and gaseous) under certain controlled conditions; none of them constituting the object of a claim in this application. Second embodiment:

[0053] Figure 3 shows a block diagram of a second additional exemplary embodiment of the system of the invention, in the non-multiplexed configuration.

[0054] As can be seen from figure 3, the system in this embodiment presents itself with: - the Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) communicable with a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18), an Optical Communication Interface Unit 1 (UIC) (26a), in addition to a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (22), in which said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Supply (500) and connected to a Data Treatment and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400); and - the Dissolved Gas Extraction Units in oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200a) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (UCS2) (21), a Unit Optical Communication Interface 2 (UICO2) (27a) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (GPEU) (17).

[0055] In this embodiment of the invention, communication of analog (SA) and command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) between the UAGD-FO (100) and UEGD-FO (200a) units is performed via a fiber optic link (19a).

[0056] More particularly, in this second embodiment, in the UEGD-FO (200a), the acoustic and optical (analog) signals (SAI, SA2 and SO) are associated with each other by the Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (UCS2) (21) and the resulting signal (SA) is associated with the command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) by the Optical Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICO2) (27a), giving rise to a digital optical signal (SOD), whose communication is made between the UEGD-FO (200a) and UAGD-FO (100) units by means of the fiber optic link (19a).In this case, in the UAGD-FO (100), both the Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18) and the Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (22) are connected to the Optical Communication Interface Unit 1 (UICO1) (26a), which, in addition to communicating digital optical signals (SOD) with the Optical Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICO2) (27a) contained in the UEGD-FO (200a) through the fiber optic link (19a), communicates with the Data Processing and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400) through a digital signal link (SD).

[0057] In the UEGD-FO (200a) of this second modality, the Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20) processes and communicates the analog and digital command and control signals SAD2 with a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (UCS2) (21), which uses them in conditioning and digitization of the analog acoustic signals SAI and SA2 coming from the Acoustic Transducers (TA) (13) and SO coming from the infrared photodetector (IVD) (16). The UCC2 (20) also processes and communicates two other command and control signals, the SCCc with the UEFG (17) and the SCCb with the UICO2 (27a). Third embodiment:

[0058] Figure 4, below, illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the system of the invention, still in the non-multiplexed configuration.

[0059] As can be seen from figure 4, the system in this embodiment presents itself with: - the Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) communicable with a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18), a Wireless Communication Interface Unit 1 (UIC) (26b), in addition to a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (28), in which said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Supply (500) and connected to a Data Treatment and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400); and - the Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit in oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200a) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21), a Wireless Communication Interface Unit (27b) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17).

[0060] In this embodiment of the invention, the command, control and measurement signals are communicated between the UAGD-FO (100) and UEGD-FO (200a) units via a "wireless" link, using radio frequency (RF) transmitting / receiving antennas (29 and 30).

[0061] Particularly, in this third modality, the communication of the associated SCCb and SA signals converted into radio frequency signal (SRF) by the Wireless Communication Interface Unit 1 (UICSF1) (26b) , is done through a "wireless" link between the UAGD-FO (100) and UEGD-FO (200a) units, using radio frequency emitting / receiving antennas (29 and 30) .

[0062] In the case of this third modality, in the UAGD-FO (100), both the UCC1 (18) and the UCS1 (28) are connected to the Wireless Communication Interface Unit 1 (UICSF1) (26b), which communicates the radio frequency signals (SRF) with the Wireless Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICSF2) (27b) contained in the UAFAGC (200a) by means of RF transmission / reception antennas (29 and 30) and with the Data Processing and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400) through a digital signal link (SD). Fourth embodiment:

[0063] Figure 5 shows a block diagram of a fourth exemplary embodiment of the system of the invention, now in the multiplexed configuration.

[0064] As can be seen from figure 5, the system in this embodiment presents itself with: - the Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) communicable with a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18), a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (28) and a Communication Interface Unit (UIC) (26), in which said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Supply (500) and connected to a Data Processing and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400); - at least one Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit in oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200a) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17); and - a Multiplexing Unit of several UEGD-FOs to Optical Fibers (UMNUEGD-FO) (300) between the units (100) and (200a), comprising an Optical Multiplexing Unit (301), an Analog Multiplexing Unit (UMA) (302), a Signal Processing Unit (UPS) (303) and a Digital Multiplexing Unit (UMD) (304).

[0065] Particularly, in this fourth modality, the communication of analog (SA) and command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) between the UAGD-FO (100) and UMNUEGD-FO (300) units is made by means of an electrical cabling connection (19), and the communications of signals of the same type between the UMNUEGD-FO (300) unit and the multiple UEGD-FO (200a to 200n) units are made by means of electrical cabling connections (308a to 308n).

[0066] In particular, it is noted that the aforementioned figure 5 shows a complete block diagram of the basic exemplary modality of the system in its multiplexed configuration (AGDM-FO), formed by the UAGD-FO (100), the Multiplexing Unit of several UEGD-FO (200) with Optical Fibers (UMNUEGD-FO) (300) connected to several UEGD-FO (200a to 200n) and the Data Treatment and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400) .

[0067] In this modality, said UMNUEGD-FO (300) is formed by the Optical Multiplexer Unit (301), the Analog Multiplexing Unit (UMA) (302), the Signal Processing Unit (UPS) (303) and the Digital Multiplexing Unit (UMD) (304). The analog (SA) and digital (SD1) signals coming from the UAGD-FO (100) through the link (19) and separated by the connector (25) are directed, respectively, to the UMA (302) and to the UPS (303), which also receives the signal (SD2) coming from the UMD (304) and generates two control signals, the optical switching (SCO) for the UMO (301) and the analog switching (SOA) for the UMA (302).

[0068] The sequence of simultaneous switching of the UMO (301), the UMA (302) and the UMD (304), which connects the signals of one of the UEGD-FO (200a to 200n) to the UAGD-FO (100), is controlled by the UTCD (400) through the digital signal link (SD) connected to the UMD (304). The strategy for this sequence is defined by the human operator of the system through an interface associated with computer instructions for operating the system.

[0069] In this sense, the present patent application also covers a method that enables periodic, continuous, and simultaneous measurements of dissolved gas concentrations in multiple transformer oils in the field. This method is based on AGD via EFA, which utilizes fiber optic communication and multiplexing techniques. The method described here applies particularly to the system modalities with a multiplexed configuration, that is, the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh embodiments, described from this point onward in the report.

[0070] Therefore, if you wish to read the UEGD-FO (200a) the human operator, through the human-machine interface (HMI) installed in the computer (400), will choose the option indicated for this purpose on the screen, which will automatically generate (through pre-programmed instructions) a sequence of commands that will be sent by the digital signal bus (SD) to the communication interface unit (UIC) (26), which will separate the commands into two distinct sequences, one sent to UCC1 (18) through the command and control signal b (SCCb) and another to be sent to the signal processing unit (UPS) (303) through the digital signal 1 (SD1), which is communicated between the UAGD-FO (100) and the UMNUEGD-FO (300) through the electrical communication link (19). The sequence of commands communicated to the UPS (303) by the SD1 signal, in this case, characterizes the steps of the method of the invention, comprising, at least: - Step A - Send a command to the UNO (301); in which the command is sent to the UNO (301) via the optical command signal (SCO), ordering it to send the optical signal received at its input connected to the coupler (23) to its output (SO2a), causing the light coming from the UGIR (01) to arrive via the link (307a) at the CEA (12) of the UEGD-FO (200a); - Step B - Send a command to the UMA (302); in which the command is sent to the UMA (302) through the analog command signal (SCA), ordering it to send the analog signal received by its input connected to the coupler (306a) to its output (SAI), causing the information coming from the UCS2 (21), located in the UEGD-FOa (200a), through the link (308a), to reach the UIC (26) through the electrical link (19); and - Step C - Send a command to the bidirectional digital access of the UMD (304); in which the sending of the command to the bidirectional digital access of the UMD (304) occurs through digital signal 2 (SD2), ordering the exchange of information with the UEGD-FOa (200a) through the bidirectional digital signal SCCba, present in its bidirectional input connected to the coupler (306a), causing, through the SD2 signal, the information contained in the SAD2 signal coming through the link (308a), from the UCC2 (21) located in the UEGD-FOa (200a), to reach the UIC (26) through the electrical link (19). The same SCCb signal carries command and control information from the UCC1 (18) to the UCC2 (20) contained in the UEGD-FOa (200a).

[0071] Other simultaneous switching sequences of the UMO (301), UMA (302) and UMD (304), which aim to connect the signals of other UEGD-FOs (200a to 200n) to the UAGD-FO (100), can be programmed and performed by the UTCD (400), and will basically consist of a series of repetitions of the set of commands mentioned above, only changing the destination UEGD-FO. Therefore, it should be understood that modifications can be proposed with regard to tracing the switching sequences as technically desirable, while maintaining the set of steps described in the present invention.

[0072] Said UMO (301) can be constructed using a variety of distinct optomechanical technologies (telecontrolled micropositioners, micro opto-electro-mechanical systems - MOEMS, electro-optical switches in integrated optics, etc.) that perform the technique of time-domain optical multiplexing (TDOM) of multiple fiber optic channels. Similarly, the UMA (302) can be built using a variety of different electronic technologies to also perform time-domain analog multiplexing (TDAM) of multiple analog signal channels. The UMD (304) basically consists of a microcontroller with embedded instructions (firmware) and which has several accesses that send and receive the various digital command and control signals (SCCba to SCCbn), which are sent simultaneously to the various UEGD-FO (200a to 200n). Fifth embodiment:

[0073] Figure 6 shows a block diagram of a fifth exemplary embodiment of the system of the invention, in the multiplexed configuration.

[0074] As can be seen from figure 6, the system in this embodiment is presented with: - the Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) communicable with a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18), a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (28) and an Optical Communication Interface Unit (26a), in which said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Supply (500) and connected to a Data Processing and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400);

[0075] - the Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit in oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200a) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21), an Optical Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICO2) (27a) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17); and - a Multiplexing Unit of several UEGD-FOs to Optical Fibers (UMNUEGD-FO) (300a) between the units (100) and (200a), comprising an Optical Multiplexing Unit (301), an Optical Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICO2) (27a), a Signal Processing Unit (UPS) (303) and a Digital Multiplexing Unit with Optical Outputs (304a).

[0076] Particularly, in this fifth embodiment, the communication of analog (SA) and command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) between the UAGD-FO (100) and UMNUEGD-FO (300) units is made by means of a fiber optic connection (19a), and the communications of signals of the same types between the UMNUEGD-FO (300) unit and the multiple UEGD-FO (200a to 200n) units are made by means of fiber optic connections (309a to 309n).

[0077] In the aforementioned fifth modality, in the UAGD-FO (100) , both the UCC1 (18) and the UCS1 (28) are connected to the Optical Communication Interface Unit 1 (UICO1) (26a) , which associates the analog signals (SA) with the command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) , generating the digital optical signals (SOD) and communicating them with the UMNUEGD-FO (300) through a fiber optic link (19a) . In this modality, also, the communications of the signals of the same types (SODa to SODn) between the UMNUEGD-FO unit (300) and the multiple UEGD-FO units (200a to 200n) are also made through fiber optic links (309a to 309n) .

[0078] As illustrated in Figure 6, the UMNUEGD-FO (300) is formed by the Optical Multiplexing Unit (UNO) (301), the Signal Processing Unit (UPS) (303), the Digital Multiplexing Unit with Optical Outputs (UMD-SO) (304a) and the Optical Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICO2) (27a), which converts the digital optical signals (SOD) exchanged with the UAGD-FO (100) through the fiber optic link (19a) into digital electrical signals (SD1) and vice versa. The (SD1) are directed to the UPS (303), which also receives the signal (SD2) from the UMD-SO (304a) and generates the optical switching control signal (SCO) for the UMO (301).

[0079] The sequence of simultaneous switching of the UMO (301) and the UMD-SO (304a), which connects the signals of one of the UEGD-FO (200a to 200n) to the UAGD-FO (100), is controlled by the UTCD (400) through the digital signal link (SD) connected to the UMD-SO (304a). Sixth embodiment:

[0080] Figure 7 shows a block diagram of a sixth exemplary embodiment of the system of the invention, in the multiplexed configuration.

[0081] As can be seen from figure 7, the system in this embodiment presents itself with: - the Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) communicable with a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18), a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (28) and a Wireless Communication Interface Unit (26a), in which said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Source Power supply (500) and connected to a Treatment Unit and Data Communication (UTCD) (400); - the Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit in oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200a) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21), a Media Conversion Unit (27) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17); and - a Multiplexing Unit of several UEGD-FOs to Optical Fibers (UMNUEGD-FO) (300a) between the units (100) and (200a), comprising an Optical Multiplexing Unit (301), an Optical Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICO2) (27a), a Signal Processing Unit (UPS) (303) and a Digital Multiplexing Unit with Optical Outputs (304a).

[0082] In particular, in this sixth modality, the command, control and measurement signals are communicated between the UAGD-FO (100) and UMNUEGD-FO (300) units via a "wireless" link, using radio frequency transmitting / receiving antennas (29 and 30). The communications of the same types of signals between the UMNUEGD-FO unit (300) and the multiple UEGD-FO units (200a to 200n) are made via fiber optic connections (309a to 309n).

[0083] More specifically, the analog signals (SA) are associated with the command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) in the UAGD-FO (100) by a Wireless Communication Interface Unit 1 (UICSF1) (26a), giving rise to the radio frequency signal (SRF) that is communicated to the UMNUEGD-FO (300) by means of a "wireless" link, using radio frequency transmitting / receiving antennas (29 and 30). In this modality, as in the one previously presented, the analog signals (SA) are associated with the command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) generating the digital optical signals (SODa to SODn), which are communicated between the UMNUEGD-FO unit (300) and the multiple UEGD-FO units (200a to 200n) by means of fiber optic links (309a to 309n). Seventh embodiment:

[0084] Figure 8 shows a block diagram of a seventh exemplary embodiment of the system of the invention, in the multiplexed configuration.

[0085] As can be seen from figure 8, the system in this embodiment is presented with: - the Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) communicable with a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18), a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (28) and a Wireless Communication Interface Unit (26a), in which said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Supply (500) and connected to a Data Processing and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400); - the Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit in oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200a) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21), a Wireless Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICSF2) (27b) and a Gas Phase Extraction (GPE) (17); and - a Multiplexing Unit of several UEGD-FOs to Optical Fibers (UMNUEGD-FO) (300a) between the units (100) and (200a), comprising an Optical Multiplexing Unit (301), a Wireless Communication Interface Unit (27a) and a Signal Processing Unit (UPS) (303).

[0086] In particular, in this seventh embodiment, the command, control and measurement signals are communicated between the UAGD-FO (100) and UMNUEGD-FO (300) units via a "wireless" link, using radio frequency transmitting / receiving antennas (29 and 30). In this embodiment, however, communications of signals of the same types between the UMNUEGD-FO unit (300) and the multiple UEGD-FO units (200a to 200n) are also made via "wireless" links, using radio frequency transmitting / receiving antennas (204a to 204n). In this embodiment, in addition, communication between the UTCD (400) and the other units of the system is also made via a "wireless" link, using an RF antenna (31).

[0087] Thus, in short, in this seventh embodiment, the analog signals (SA) are associated with the command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) in the UAGD-FO (100) by a Wireless Communication Interface Unit 1 (UICSF1) (26a), giving rise to the radio frequency signal (SRF) that is communicated to the UMNUEGD-FO (300) by means of a "wireless" link, using radio frequency transmitting / receiving antennas (29 and 30). In this embodiment, the communication of the UAGD-FO (100) and UMNUEGD-FO (300) units with the Data Processing and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400) is also carried out by means of "wireless" links, using the radio frequency transmitting / receiving antennas (29, 30 and 31).

[0088] In all of the methods described above, it is possible to measure dissolved gas concentrations in the oils of various electrical equipment, such as transformers. This data is made available to the user through a screen, with an interface such as the one shown in Figure 9.

[0089] The present invention is described herein in terms of its preferred embodiment. However, it will be clear to one skilled in the art that modifications can be made considering the information set forth in the description provided herein, with such modifications still being covered by the scope of the disclosed and claimed subject matter.

Claims

CLAIMS 1) System for analyzing gases dissolved in insulating oil of electrical equipment, said system comprising a photoacoustic spectrometer capable of using optical fiber linkage (EFA-FO), characterized by the fact that it comprises: - a Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UAGD-FO) (100) , comprising an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) , a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18) , a Communication Interface Unit (UIC) (26) , a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (22) , in which said Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UAGD-FO) (100) is in communication with a Data Treatment and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400) and is powered by a power supply (500) ; and - at least one Optical Fiber Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit (UEGD-FO) (200a to 200n), comprising a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17). 2) System for analyzing gases dissolved in insulating oil of electrical equipment, non-multiplexed, and comprising a photoacoustic spectrometer capable of using optical fiber link (EFA-FO), characterized by the fact that it comprises: - a Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil connected to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) communicable with a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18), a Communication Interface Unit (UIC) (26), in addition to a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (22), in which said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Supply (500) and connected to a Data Processing and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400); and - a Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit in oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17), in which the communication of the analog (SA) and command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) between the UAGD-FO (100) and UEGD-FO (200) units is done by means of electrical cabling (19). 3) System, according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the UEFG (17) extracts samples of the gases dissolved in the insulating oil of the electrical equipment connected to said UEFG (17) by means of inlet (EOL) and outlet (SOL) accesses in the form of pipes, in which samples of dissolved gases extracted from the oil are circulated in the Photoacoustic Analysis Chamber (CFA) (12) by means of inlet (EG) and outlet (SG) pipes. 4) System for analyzing gases dissolved in insulating oil of electrical equipment, non-multiplexed, and comprising a photoacoustic spectrometer capable of using optical fiber link (EFA-FO), characterized by the fact that it comprises: - a Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) communicable with a Command and Control unit 1 (UCC1) (18), an Optical Communication Interface unit 1 (UIC) (26a), in addition to a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (22), in which said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Supply (500) and connected to a Data Treatment and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400); and - the Dissolved Gas Extraction Units in oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200a) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21), an Optical Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICO2) (27a) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17), in which the communication of the analog (SA) and command and control (digital) (SCCb) signals between the UAGD-FO (100) and UEGD-FO (200) units is made by means of an optical fiber link (19a). 5) System, according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that acoustic and optical signals (SAI, SA2 and SO) are associated with each other by the Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (UCS2) (21), and a resulting signal (SA) is associated with command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) by the Optical Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICO2) (27a), resulting in a digital optical signal (SOD), whose communication is made between the UEGD-FO (200) and UAGD-FO (100) units by means of the fiber optic link (19a). 6) System according to claim 4 characterized by the fact that the Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18) and the Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (22) are connected to the Optical Communication Interface Unit 1 (UICO1) (26a), which, in addition to communicating digital optical signals (SOD) with the Optical Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICO2) (27a) contained in the UEGD-FO (200a) through the fiber optic link (19a), communicates with the Data Processing and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400) through a digital signal link (SD). 7) System, according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20) processes and communicates the analog and digital command and control signals SAD2 with a UCS2 (21), in which the UCS2 (21) uses the analog and digital command and control signals SAD2 in the conditioning and digitalization of the analog acoustic signals (SAI and SA2) of the TA (13) and SO of the FDIV (16), and in which the UCC2 (20) processes and communicates the SCCc signal with the UEFG (17) and the SCCb signal with the UICO2 (27a). 8) System for analyzing gases dissolved in insulating oil of electrical equipment, non-multiplexed, and comprising a photoacoustic spectrometer capable of using optical fiber link (EFA-FO), characterized by the fact that it comprises: - a Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil connected to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) that can communicate with a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18) , a Wireless Communication Interface Unit 1 (UIC) (26b) , in addition to a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (28) , in which said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Supply (500) and connected to a Data Processing and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400) ; and - a Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit in oil communicated by Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200a) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02) , a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20) , a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21) , a Wireless Communication Interface Unit (27b) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17) , in which the communication of SCCb and SA signals associated and converted into radio frequency signal (SRF) by the Wireless Communication Interface Unit 1 (UICSF1) (26b) , is made by means of a "wireless" link between the UAGD-FO (100) and UEGD-FO (200a) units, using radio frequency emitting / receiving antennas (29 and 30) . 9) System, according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the UCC1 (18) and the UCS1 (28) are connected to the Wireless Communication Interface Unit 1 (UICSF1) (26b), which communicates radio frequency signals (SRF) with the Wireless Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICSF2) (27b) contained in the UAFAGC (200a) by means of RF transmission / reception antennas (29 and 30) and with the Data Processing and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400) through a digital signal link (SD). 10) System for analysis of gases dissolved in insulating oil of electrical equipment, multiplexed, and comprising a photoacoustic spectrometer with capacity for the use of optical fiber link (EFA-FO), characterized by the fact that it comprises: - a Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) communicable with a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18), a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (28) and a Communication Interface Unit (UIC) (26), in which said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Supply (500) and connected to a Data Processing and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400); at least one Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit in oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200a) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17); and - a Multiplexing Unit of several UEGD-FOs to Optical Fibers (UMNUEGD-FO) (300) between the units (100) and (200a), comprising an Optical Multiplexing Unit (301), an Analog Multiplexing Unit (UMA) (302), a Signal Processing Unit (UPS) (303) and a Digital Multiplexing Unit (UMD) (304), in which the communication of analog (SA) and command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) between the UAGD-FO (100) and UMNUEGD-FO (300) units is made by means of an electrical cabling connection (19), and the communications of the same type of signals between the UMNUEGD-FO unit (300) and the multiple UEGD-FO units (200a to 200n) are made by means of electrical connections electrical wiring (308a to 308n). ID System, according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that analog (SA) and digital (SD1) signals coming from the UAGD-FO (100) through the link (19) and separated by a connector (25) are directed, respectively, to the UMA (302) and to the UPS (303), which also receives the signal (SD2) coming from the UMD (304) and generates an optical switching control signal (SCO) for the UMO (301) and an analog switching control signal (SCA) for the UMA (302), in which the sequence of simultaneous switching of the UMO (301), the UMA (302) and the UMD (304), which connects the signals of one of the UEGD-FO (200a to 200n) to the UAGD-FO (100), is controlled by the UTCD (400) through the digital signal link. (SD) connected to the UMD (304), in a manner defined by an operator through an interface associated with computer instructions for operating the system. 12) System, according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the UMO (301) is built using optomechanical technologies of telecontrolled micropositioners, micro opto-electro-mechanical systems - MOEMS, electro-optical switches in integrated optics or another that performs the technique of optical multiplexing in the time domain (TDOM) of optical fiber channels, and the UMA (302) is built using electronic technologies that use the technique of analog multiplexing in the time domain (TDAM) of analog signal channels, and the UMD (304) consists of a microcontroller with embedded instructions equipped with accesses that send and receive digital command and control signals (SCCba to SCCbn), the which are sent simultaneously to the various UEGD-FO (200a to 200n). 13) System for analyzing gases dissolved in insulating oil of electrical equipment, multiplexed, and comprising a photoacoustic spectrometer with the capacity to use optical fiber link (EFA-FO), characterized by the fact that it comprises: - a Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) communicable with a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18), a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (28) and an Optical Communication Interface Unit (26a), in which said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Supply (500) and connected to a Data Processing and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400); at least one Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit in oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200a) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21), an Optical Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICO2) (27a) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17); and - a Multiplexing Unit of several UEGD-FOs to Optical Fibers (UMNUEGD-FO) (300a) between the units (100) and (200a), comprising an Optical Multiplexing Unit (301), an Optical Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICO2) (27a), a Signal Processing Unit (UPS) (303) and a Digital Multiplexing Unit with Optical Outputs (304a), wherein the communication of the analog (SA) and command and control (digital) signals (SCCb) between the UAGD-FO (100) and UMNUEGD-FO (300) units is made by means of a fiber optic connection (19a), and the communications of the signals of the same types between the UMNUEGD-FO (300) unit and the multiple UEGD-FO units (200a to 200n) are made by means of fiber optic connections (309a to 309n). 14) System, according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the UCC1 (18) and the UCS1 (28) are connected to the Optical Communication Interface Unit 1 (UICO1) (26a), which associates analog signals (SA) with command and control (digital) signals (SCCb), generating digital optical signals (SOD). 15) System, according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the Optical Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICO2) (27a) converts the digital optical signals (SOD) exchanged with the UAGD-FO (100) through the fiber optic link (19a) into the electrical digital signals (SD1) and vice versa, in which the (SD1) are directed to the UPS (303), which also receives the signal (SD2) coming from the UMD-SO (304a) and generates an optical switching control signal (SCO) for the UO (301). 16) System, according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that a sequence of simultaneous switching of the UMO (301) and the UMD-SO (304a), which connects the signals of one of the UEGD-FO (200a to 200n) to the UAGD-FO (100), is controlled by the UTCD (400) through the digital signal link (SD) connected to the UMD-SO (304a). 17) System for analysis of dissolved gases in insulating oil for electrical equipment, multiplexed, and comprising a photoacoustic spectrometer capable of using optical fiber link (EFA-FO), characterized by the fact that it comprises: - a Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) communicable with a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18), a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (28) and a Wireless Communication Interface Unit (26a), in which said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Supply (500) and connected to a Data Processing and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400); at least one Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit in oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200a) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21), a Media Conversion Unit (27) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17); and - a Multiplexing Unit of several UEGD-FOs to Optical Fibers (UMNUEGD-FO) (300a) between the units (100) and (200a), comprising an Optical Multiplexing Unit (301), an Optical Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICO2) (27a), a Signal Processing Unit (UPS) (303) and a Digital Multiplexing Unit with Optical Outputs (304a), in which the command, control and measurement signals are communicated between the UAGD-FO (100) and UMNUEGD-FO (300) units by means of a "wireless" link, using antennas radio frequency transmitters / receivers (29 and 30), while communications of signals of the same types between the UMNUEGD-FO unit (300) and the multiple UEGD-FO units (200a to 200n) are made through fiber optic connections (309a to 309n). 18) System, according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that analog signals (SA) are associated with the (digital) command and control signals (SCCb) in the UAGD-FO (100) by the Wireless Communication Interface Unit 1 (UICSF1) (26a), giving rise to the radio frequency signal (SRF) that is communicated to the UMNUEGD-FO (300) by means of a "wireless" link, using the radio frequency transmitting / receiving antennas (29 and 30), in which the analog signals (SA) are associated with the (digital) command and control signals (SCCb) generating the digital optical signals (SODa to SODn), which are communicated between the UMNUEGD-FO unit (300) and the multiple UEGD-FO units (200a to 200n) by means of fiber optic links (309a to 309n). 19) System for analyzing gases dissolved in insulating oil of electrical equipment, multiplexed, and comprising a photoacoustic spectrometer with the capacity to use optical fiber link (EFA-FO), characterized by the fact that it comprises: - the Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers UAGD-FO (100) equipped with an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) communicable with a Command and Control Unit 1 (UCC1) (18), a Signal Conditioning Unit 1 (UCS1) (28) and a Wireless Communication Interface Unit (26a), in that the said UAGD-FO (100) is powered by a Power Source Power supply (500) and connected to a Treatment Unit and Data Communication (UTCD) (400); - at least one Dissolved Gas Extraction Unit in oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FO) (200a) equipped with a Photoacoustic Gas Analysis Unit (UAFAG) (02), a Command and Control Unit 2 (UCC2) (20), a Signal Conditioning Unit 2 (21), a Wireless Communication Interface Unit 2 (UICSF2) (27b) and a Gas Phase Extraction Unit (UEFG) (17); and - a Multiplexer Unit of several UEGD-FOs to Optical Fibers (UMNUEGD-FO) (300a) between the units (100) and (200a), comprising an Optical Multiplexer Unit (301), a Wireless Communication Interface Unit (27a) and a Signal Processing Unit (UPS) (303), in which the command, control and measurement signals are communicated between the UAGD-FO (100) and UMNUEGD-FO (300) units by means of a "wireless" link, using radio frequency transmitting / receiving antennas (29 and 30), and the communications of the signals of the same types between the UMNUEGD-FO unit (300) and the multiple UEGD-FO units (200a to 200n) are also made by "wireless" links, using radio frequency transmitting / receiving antennas (204a to 204n), and in which communication between the UTCD (400) and the other units of the system is also carried out via a "wireless" link, using an RF antenna (31). 20) Method for analyzing gases dissolved in insulating oil of electrical equipment, using a system for analyzing gases dissolved in insulating oil of electrical equipment, multiplexed, and comprising a photoacoustic spectrometer with capacity for the use of fiber optic link (EFA-FO), characterized by the fact that it makes it possible to establish sequences of simultaneous switching of an Optical Multiplexing Unit (UNO) (301), of an Analog Multiplexing Unit (UMA) (302) and of a Digital Multiplexing Unit (UMD) (304) in the connection of the signals of a plurality of Dissolved Gas Extraction Units to Optical Fibers (UEGD-FOs) (200a to 200n) to a Dissolved Gas Analysis Unit in Oil communicated to Optical Fibers (UAGD-FO) (100), by determining instructions to be executed by a Data Treatment and Communication Unit (UTCD) (400), said method comprising, at least, the steps from: - Step A - Send a command to the UMO (301); - Step B - Send a command to UMA (302); and - Step C - Send a command to the UMD bidirectional digital access (304). 21) Method, according to claim 20, characterized by the fact that sending the command to the UMO (301) of 'Step A' occurs by means of an optical command signal (SCO) ordering the UMO (301) to send the optical signal received at an input connected to a coupler (23) to an output (SO2a), causing the light coming from an Infrared Light Generation Unit (UGIR) (01) to arrive via a link (307a) to a Photoacoustic Analysis Chamber (CFA) (12) of the UEGD-FO at (200a). 22) Method, according to claim 20, characterized by the fact that sending the command to the UMA (302) of 'Step B' occurs by means of a command signal analog (SCA) ordering the UMA (302) to send the analog signal received by an input connected to a coupler (306a) to an output (SAI), causing the information coming from a UCS2 (21), located in the UEGD-FOa (200a), through a link (308a), to reach a Communication Interface Unit (UIC) (26) through an electrical link (19). 23) Method, according to claim 20, characterized by the fact that the sending of the command for the bidirectional digital access of the UMD (304) of 'Step C' occurs by means of a digital signal 2 (SD2), ordering that an exchange of information be carried out with the UEGD-FOa (200a) by means of a bidirectional digital signal SCCba, present in a bidirectional input connected to a coupler (306a), causing, by means of the SD2 signal, the information contained in a SAD2 signal coming through a link (308a), from a UCC2 (21) located in the UEGD-FOa (200a), to reach a UIC (26) by means of an electrical link (19); in which the same SCCb signal carries command and control information from a UCC1 (18) to a UCC2 (20) contained in the UEGD-FOa (200a).

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