The invention relates to an experimental device and an experimental method for measuring the combustion characteristics of a cable in an oxygen-rich environment. The device includes a shell, an air intake system, an exhaust system, a cable supporting system, an ignition system, a combustion parameter test system, an oxygen monitoring system and a data acquisition system. The air intake system is mounted at the bottom of the shell, the exhaust system is mounted at the top of the shell, the cable supporting system is fixed on the shell, a crucible is used for containing an experimental material,the ignition system heats the material by a heating wire arranged on the inner wall of the crucible, the combustion parameter test system includes a radiation heat flow meter, a thermocouple and a smoke component sensor, the oxygen monitoring system controls an oxygen sensor by a servo, and monitors the oxygen concentration near the crucible, and the data acquisition system comprises a computer,a multifunctional data acquisition card and an analog-to-digital conversion module, and is used for collecting data of all sensors and sending out a control instruction. The device has a simple structure and a strong operability, and is a simple and easily-operated experimental device for studying the combustion characteristics of the cable in the oxygen-rich environment, and a test result obtained by the method and the device is accurate and has a good repeatability.