34 results about "Respiratory arrest" patented technology

There is disclosed a system and method for treating obstructive sleep apnea by terminating an obstructive sleep apnea event before the cessation of breathing occurs. The system comprises one or more microphones capable of detecting breathing sounds within an airway of a person. The microphones generate signals representative of the breathing sounds and send the signals to a controller. The controller uses digital signal processing to identify at least one signal pattern that is associated with a breathing pattern of the person that occurs at the onset of an obstructive sleep apnea event. When the controller detects a signal pattern that indicates the onset of an obstructive apnea event, the controller sends an alarm signal to a stimulus generator. The stimulus generator creates a stimulus (an electric current, a sound, a vibrator, a flashing light, etc.) to cause the sleeping person to move in a manner to terminate the obstructive sleep apnea event before cessation of breathing occurs. The obstructive sleep apnea event is terminated without waking the sleeping person and without causing the sleeping person physiological stress associated with cessation of breathing.

Respiratory support and / or controlled mechanical ventilation of a patient are provided. A ventilation apparatus may include a ventilator, a transtracheal prosthesis, and a respiratory relief device. The transtracheal prostheses and ventilation catheter may be arranged such that the patient can breathe freely through the upper airway and / or the tracheal prostheses. Respiratory sensors may measure a breathing rate, lung pressure, airway pressure, or a combination thereof. Pulses of gas may be provided to the patient through the ventilation catheter during inspiration. The pulses may have a first volume while the patient breathes normal and a second volume when the sensors detect a cessation of breathing or reduction in breathing volume. The second volume may be provided at 1-5 times the normal breathing rate, with a volume 25-500% times the first volume, or both.

The invention discloses a wireless sleeping respiration monitor which comprises a data collecting device, a vibration waking-up device and a handheld terminal. The data collecting device comprises a heart sound / respiration sound sensor, an audio collecting circuit and a bluetooth transceiving module. The vibration waking-up device comprises a vibrator, a vibration waking-up circuit and a bluetooth transceiving module. The data collecting device couples sound signals to the audio collecting circuit to perform amplification and digitalization through the heart sound / respiration sound sensor and transmits the sound signals subjected to the amplification and the digitalization to the handheld terminal. The handheld terminal extracts heart sound signals and respiration sound signals according to audio signal processing and digital filtering, judges whether a user has a respiratory arrest situation in the fast sleep state according to characteristic values of the extracted heart sound signals and respiration sound signals, and performs audio waking-up on the user through audio waking-up signals. The vibration waking-up device performs on vibration waking-up on the user having the respiratory arrest situation in the fast sleep state through the vibrator.

The invention discloses an intelligent pillow. The intelligent pillow comprises a position detecting device, a sound acquiring device and a control device, wherein the position detecting device comprises multiple air bags for bearing the head of a user and is used for detecting positions of the compressed air bags and inflating and deflating the air bags; the sound acquiring device is used for acquiring sound signals emitted by the user during sleep; the control device is connected with the position detecting device and the sound acquiring device and used for controlling the position detecting device to rapidly inflate and then rapidly deflate the compressed air bags in a preset manner according to the acquired sound signals. According to the intelligent pillow, the control device is used for controlling the position detecting device to rapidly inflate and then rapidly deflate the compressed air bags in the preset manner according to the acquired sound signals, so that the head of the user in an excessive snoring state and / or in a respiratory arrest state feels the drop and is wakened, and the user is prevented from danger.

Respiratory support and / or controlled mechanical ventilation of a patient are provided. A ventilation apparatus may include a ventilator, a transtracheal prosthesis, and a respiratory relief device. The transtracheal prostheses and ventilation catheter may be arranged such that the patient can breathe freely through the upper airway and / or the tracheal prostheses. Respiratory sensors may measure a breathing rate, lung pressure, airway pressure, or a combination thereof. Pulses of gas may be provided to the patient through the ventilation catheter during inspiration. The pulses may have a first volume while the patient breathes normal and a second volume when the sensors detect a cessation of breathing or reduction in breathing volume. The second volume may be provided at 1-5 times the normal breathing rate, with a volume 25-500% times the first volume, or both.

Respiratory support and / or controlled mechanical ventilation of a patient are provided. A ventilation apparatus may include a ventilator, a transtracheal prosthesis, and a respiratory relief device. The transtracheal prostheses and ventilation catheter may be arranged such that the patient can breathe freely through the upper airway and / or the tracheal prostheses. Respiratory sensors may measure a breathing rate, lung pressure, airway pressure, or a combination thereof. Pulses of gas may be provided to the patient through the ventilation catheter during inspiration. The pulses may have a first volume while the patient breathes normal and a second volume when the sensors detect a cessation of breathing or reduction in breathing volume. The second volume may be provided at 1 - 5 times the normal breathing rate, with a volume 25 - 500% times the first volume, or both.

Disclosed are a breathing heart rate wireless remote monitoring and bidirectional alarming device and a work method thereof and a mobile phone application (App). The breathing heart rate wireless remote monitoring and bidirectional alarming device comprises a pulse oxygen saturation probe, a pulse oxygen monitoring module, a center control module, an alarming module and a wireless communication module. The pulse oxygen saturation probe is connected with the center control module through the pulse oxygen monitoring module, and the alarming module and the wireless communication module are connected with the center control module. The device is used for early alarming intervention of severe oxygen deficit, respiratory arrest, sudden cardiac arrest and other accidents. The oxygen saturation in blood is monitored through a non-invasive pulse oxygen saturation detection method, when the value of saturation is lower than an alarm value, bidirectional alarming is started, an alarm signal is sent to a specific mobile phone in a wireless transmission mode, aid time is earned for effective treatment, and the sudden cardiac arrest accident is prevented from further occurring as far as possible. The device is convenient and reliable to use and suitable for being used in hospitals, hotels, homes and the like.

The invention relates to an improved portable pneumatic cardiopulmonary resuscitator which is a medical apparatus only using high-pressure oxygen or air as a power source and working medium and can apply cardiopulmonary resuscitation to a patient with cardiac and respiratory arrest. The improved portable pneumatic cardiopulmonary resuscitator comprises a novel vertical and horizontal folded plate-shaped base, a vertical column with a locking device, a cardiac compression device, a breathing device and a control device, wherein the cardiac compression device mainly adopts an air cylinder; the breathing device comprises a breathing interface with an air oxygen mixer and an air passage automatic reducing valve, and a breathing mask; and the control device comprises several mechanical valves and delay resetting valves and a power divider. Because air valves installed on the improved portable pneumatic cardiopulmonary resuscitator adopt plate type connection, space can be saved; and the plate-shaped base which can be folded is also adopted, therefore, the improved portable pneumatic cardiopulmonary resuscitator can be used at both sides of a patient and is convenient for future carrying and storage.

The invention discloses a light and handy full-electric CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation) device. The device comprises a base plate, a casing and a pressing mechanism arranged in the casing, wherein hooks are arranged on two sides of the base plate, the pressing mechanism comprises a driving motor, a ball screw perpendicularly arranged relative to the base plate and in transmission connection with the driving motor as well as a pressing block driven by a nut of the ball screw to move up and down. The CPR device can integrate pressing, respiration and the like to form a relatively complete small first-aid system in combination with the clinical medicine principle and special environment requirements of field first-aid, simulate artificial external chest pressing and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation simultaneously and perform accurate and efficient chest pressing and mechanical ventilation on patients suffering sudden cardiac arrest and respiratory arrest automatically. The product is independent of an external air source, uses electric power as energy completely and is small in size, convenient to carry and suitable to perform continuous CPR first-aid on the patients in first-aid fields and transport means.

The invention provides a spontaneous breathing apparatus. The spontaneous breathing apparatus is used for solving problems of easiness in causing error signals during monitoring and incapability of automatically stimulating spontaneous breathing during disordered breathing in the prior art. The spontaneous breathing apparatus is a device for stimulating spontaneous breathing during apnea and comprises a sensing device, a control device and a stimulating device. Breathing signals and / or heart rate signals of a human body are collected by the sensing device, are transmitted to the control device by the sensing device and are filtered, amplified, converted, analyzed, processed and judged by the control device, and a newborn baby is stimulated to regain consciousness by the stimulating device under the control of the control device when the newborn baby stops breathing for the time longer than or equal to 20 seconds or when the newborn baby stops breathing for the time shorter than 20 seconds and the heart rate of the newborn baby is reduced and is lower than 100 times per minute, so that the newborn baby can spontaneously breathe, and asphyxiation hazards of the newborn baby can be prevented; the stimulating device stops stimulating the newborn baby under the control of the control device after the newborn baby spontaneously breathes. The spontaneous breathing apparatus has the advantages that the spontaneous breathing apparatus is provided with the sensing device without wires, so that error signals due to dropping of electrode plates can be prevented, and the newborn baby can be automatically stimulated to spontaneously breathe by the stimulating device during disordered breathing.

A forced inflation type artificial respirator with mouth-nose mask for rescuing the dangerous patient is composed of an operation unit for providing compressed air and O2, an inflation unit for filling air in lung via mouth and nose, and a waste air exhausting unit for exhausting waste air out of the lung. It uses the lever principle for saving labor.

The invention discloses a sleep monitor for adults. The sleep monitor comprises a pressure sensor, a quantization amplification circuit, a digital decoding circuit, a signal distribution circuit, a delay circuit and an alarming device. The pressure sensor is connected with the quantization amplification circuit, the quantization amplification circuit is connected with the digital decoding circuit, and the digital decoding circuit is connected with the signal distribution circuit which is connected with the delay circuit. The delay circuit is used for triggering the alarming device, the quantization amplification circuit converts analog signals of the pressure sensor into digital signals, and the digital decoding circuit comprises a plurality of AND gates and a plurality of inverters. Corresponding pulses are output after the digital signals pass through the AND gates and the inverters and transmitted to different gears of the signal distribution circuit. According to the sleep monitor for adults, pressure generated by waists and abdomens during breath of human is used as signal sources for monitoring the breath, the alarming device is triggered after respiratory arrest or fait breath occurs, and the sleep monitor is economical and applicable to ordinary families.

The present invention relates to medical instruments, particularly to a CPR device achieving up-and-down movement of a sucker. The CPR device structurally mainly comprises a leather glove, a connecting plate and the silicon rubber sucker, wherein the leather glove can expose the fingers of a hand, so that a user can conveniently cross the fingers of both hands and adjust the tightness of the glove, and further efficient abdominal compression can be facilitated. The palm portion of the glove is connected with the silicon rubber sucker through the connecting plate, so that the CPR device can be tightly sucked onto the epigastric wall of a child in cardiac and respiratory arrest through the negative pressure generated by the silicon rubber sucker, and a rescuer can utilize the silicon rubber sucker, which is connected with the glove through the connecting plate, to achieve manual lifting and up-and-down abdominal compression. The CPR device can enlarge the application range of abdominal compression CPR and be particularly applicable to salvage of children patients with external chest compression contraindications to enhance the compression effects, and meanwhile, is simple in structure, portable in size, easy to carry, rapid in installation, convenient, effective and capable of omitting external power and support equipment.

The nuclear medicine diagnostic apparatus of the present invention detects radiation emitted by an atomic nuclide injected into a subject as projection data with a gamma camera, and obtains an image showing the distribution of atomic nuclides in the subject based on the projection data. The device includes: a rotation unit that rotates the radiation detector around the subject; a breath recognition unit that recognizes breathing stoppage and respiration caused by the stop of breathing of the subject; a data storage unit for storing radiation detection data collected by the radiation detector; and an image generation unit for generating an image based on the radiation detection data stored in the data storage unit based on the identification result of the breathing identification unit.

The invention relates to a respiration monitoring device capable of recognizing a respiration state. The respiration monitoring device is divided into a daytime monitoring module and a night monitoring module, and is more suitable for actual medical application; and during daytime patient activities, the patient can wear the daytime monitoring module, which does not influence the activities, and the device is multiple in monitoring items and high in detection accuracy; when the night module is used at night, on one hand, respiration of a patient can be monitored, on the other hand, the monitoring device is simple in structure and light, sleep is not affected, the monitoring and alarming functions are achieved, and an alarm can be given in time no matter under the conditions of dyspnea, transient respiratory arrest and the like. A unique daytime detection module is designed, multiple indexes of respiration can be detected by only using one light detection means, the monitoring effect isgood, and the cost is low; and the night monitoring module uses a capacitance detection method, the detection principle is simple, the detection effect is good, the cost is low, and even disposable use can be realized.

The invention relates to the field of first-aid equipment, in particular to a mechanical pressing device for respiratory arrest in the emergency department. The mechanical pressing device comprises a clamping frame mounted on a sickbed, wherein a second support capable of adjusting height and horizontal position is arranged on the clamping frame, a pressing mechanism and a driving mechanism are arranged on the second support, the driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the pressing mechanism, the driving mechanism can adjust power, a self-tightening mechanism is arranged on the clamping frame, and the pressing mechanism is in transmission connection with the self-tightening mechanism in a pneumatic mode. The mechanical pressing device for respiratory arrest in the emergency department is convenient to mount and dismount, simple to operate, time-saving and labor-saving, uniform pressing force and stable and unchanged frequency are ensured, different pressing frequencies can be adjusted according to different rescue stages, the situation that the whole device and a sickbed are loosened due to shaking generated during pressing work and sickbed moving can be avoided, then the stability of rescue operation is ensured, and the rescue success rate is increased.

The present invention comprises an insufflated air inlet (2a), an outlet (3a) for said insufflated air provided at the lower end of an air conveying tube (3) designed to penetrate the throat of the victim through the mouth, at least a first one-way valve (4) interposed between said air inlet (2a) and air outlet (3a) to allow the flow of air from said inlet (2a) to said outlet (3a) and prevent the flow of a fluid exhaled by the victim in the opposite direction, the body of said valve (4) including an outlet aperture (4a) for the exit of the fluid exhaled by the victim, and characterized in that the upper end of said insufflated air conveying tube (3) comprises a portion (3b) of tube (3) which is configured for internally receiving the body of said valve (4), the wall of said tube (3) including at least one outer hole (6) communicating with the aperture (4a) of the body of the valve (4) to allow discharging the fluid exhaled by the victim to the outside.

The invention discloses a newborn bird nest for preventing respiratory arrest and a use method, and relates to the technical field of medical equipment. The newborn bird nest comprises a shell and a bottom plate, wherein the bottom plate is installed on the upper end face of the shell, a soft cushion is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the bottom plate, and a flange is arranged on the peripheral side face of the soft cushion. By using an induction sticker, a hand touch display screen, a motor, a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a disc and a sliding base assembly, the problem that a nurse cannot know the illness state change of a child patient in time due to busy clinical work is solved; and by using a storage battery, the function of ultra-long standby is achieved; by setting multiple levels of parameters, the nurse presets frequency parameters according to the weight of the child patient after the child patient is hospitalized, so that the situation that the stimulation effect is affected due to the fact that the vibration frequency is too small or the intracranial hemorrhage risk of the child patient is increased due to the fact that the vibration frequency is too large is avoided, and meanwhile the problem that ecchymosis occurs on the sole of the child patient due to the fact that the stimulation intensity is too large is solved.

The invention provides an alarm structure and a first-aid nursing bed, and belongs to the technical field of first-aid nursing. The alarm structure comprises a bed body mechanism, a driving mechanismand an oxygen conveying mechanism. The bed body mechanism comprises a bed board and supporting legs, the supporting legs are connected to one side of the bed board, and the supporting legs are distributed on the periphery of the bottom of the bed board. Through the effects of a heart rate wristband, a sound insulation cover, a sound sensor, a PLC, an alarm, the electromagnetic valve, a motor, a control hydraulic cylinder, a threaded rod, a sliding plate, a first supporting rod, a lying plate, shaft rods, a support, an oxygen mask, an oxygen conveying bottle and a telescopic pipe, the alarm structure can achieve the purpose of automatic alarm and first aid, monitor the heart rate of an elderly patient in the sleeping process of the elderly patient, remind medical staff of respiratory arrestof the elderly patient when the patient has a respiratory arrest phenomenon and assist the patient in breathing, and prolongs the rescue time of the medical staff for the patient.

A cerebral protection system generally includes an array of cold packs, an insulating cover, and optionally a set of trays. The cold pack contains two reactive materials separated by a rupturable membrane. When the first reactive material and the second reactive material are mixed, an endothermic reaction occurs. The system can be used to induce hypothermia in selected regions of the brain when used. The system can be used to treat conditions including concussion, traumatic brain injury (TBI), heatstroke, cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, anoxic brain injury, ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

The invention discloses an intelligent pillow. The intelligent pillow comprises a position detecting device, a sound acquiring device and a control device, wherein the position detecting device comprises multiple air bags for bearing the head of a user and is used for detecting positions of the compressed air bags and inflating and deflating the air bags; the sound acquiring device is used for acquiring sound signals emitted by the user during sleep; the control device is connected with the position detecting device and the sound acquiring device and used for controlling the position detecting device to rapidly inflate and then rapidly deflate the compressed air bags in a preset manner according to the acquired sound signals. According to the intelligent pillow, the control device is used for controlling the position detecting device to rapidly inflate and then rapidly deflate the compressed air bags in the preset manner according to the acquired sound signals, so that the head of the user in an excessive snoring state and / or in a respiratory arrest state feels the drop and is wakened, and the user is prevented from danger.

A dual-sphere dual-channel survive display artificial respirator is provided with dual semi spheres and inspiration and expiration dual channels, and has a respiration dynamic monitoring function; the artificial respirator can enable a patient of respiratory arrest to efficiently fast survive. The dual-sphere dual-channel survive display artificial respirator is characterized in that a partition plate is arranged in a sphere formed by the upper and lower elastic semi spheres, and the left side of the upper semi sphere is communicated with an inspiration door and is connected with an inspiration corrugated pipe and a belled mouth-nose mask; the left side of the lower semi sphere is communicated with an expiration door and is connected with an expiration corrugated pipe and an expiration port in the downside surface of the belled mouth-nose mask; right sides of the upper and lower semi spheres are communicated with the inspiration door and the expiration door. According to the dual-sphere dual-channel survive display artificial respirator, fresh air and waste gas can pass through respective channels, the fresh air and waste gas are inhaled and exhaled equivalently, the waste gas in a lung can be forcibly pumped out to promote breast lung compression; the dual-sphere dual-channel survive display artificial respirator is efficient, and a color float thereof can be used for evaluating vital signs of the patient; the dual-sphere dual-channel survive display artificial respirator is novel in structure design, practical, scientific and reasonable, capable of improving the life rescue quality and level of medical care, and very suitable for promotion and use in families, community medical units and hospitals of all levels.

The invention discloses a respiration assistance system and a respiration assistant method. The respiration assistance system comprises a respiration detection device, a sound receiving device, an airflow supply device and a processing device. The respiration detection device is used for detecting body displacement of a target object, wherein the body displacement is in corresponding to respiration of the target object. The sound receiving device is used for detecting respiratory sound of the target object. The airflow supply device is used for generating an airflow. The processing device is used for judging the respiratory status of the target object in accordance with the body displacement, and furthermore, the processing device is used for judging whether the status of respiratory arrest occurs in the target object or not in accordance with the respiratory status and the respiratory sound and for controlling the airflow supply device to generating the airflow to respiratory organs of the target object when the status of respiratory arrest occurs in the target object. The respiration assistance system and the respiration assistance method disclosed by the invention aim at detecting respiration of the target object in real time and subsequently controlling airflow supply, so that discomfort in the target object is avoided.

Anesthetic equipment capable of automatically switching anesthetic gas and oxygen comprises a respiratory mask; an openable and normally closed end cover is arranged at the front end of an oxygen pipe; an anesthetic piston valve is arranged at the front end of an anesthetic gas pipe; a waste gas piston valve is arranged at the front end of a waste gas pipe; the anesthetic piston valve and the waste gas piston valve are controlled to be opened by an inspiration process and an expiration process of a patient, so that the anesthetic gas pipe communicates with a respiratory region when the patient inhales, and the waste gas pipe communicates with the respiratory region when the patient exhales; the tail end of the anesthetic gas pipe is connected with an anesthetic tank through a pressure pump; a switching mechanism capable of cooperating with the end cover is further arranged on the side, facing the pressure pump, of the anesthetic piston valve; and the switching mechanism is used for being triggered by the continuous pressurization effect of the pressure pump after respiratory arrest of the patient so as to isolate the communication between the anesthetic gas pipe and the respiratory region and open the end cover to make the oxygen pipe communicate with the respiratory region. According to the anesthetic equipment, in the inhalation type anesthesia process, supply of anesthetic / oxygen is switched once the respiratory arrest occurs, so that precious time for rescuing a patient is saved to avoid that an accident is further aggravated.

The present invention provides an agent that suppresses a decrease in arterial oxygen saturation or increases decreased arterial oxygen saturation, and that can be ingested by a relatively simple method and has excellent immediate effectivity and persistence. The agent of the invention comprises orotic acid or a salt thereof as an active ingredient, which is absorbed into the body via oral mucosa. When the agent is absorbed in the body via oral mucosa it suppresses a decrease in arterial oxygen saturation or increases decreased arterial oxygen saturation. The agent is effective for improvement or prevention of a symptom or disease related to a decrease in arterial oxygen saturation, such as exercise, alcohol drinking, a decrease in oxygen concentration in air, reduced cardiopulmonary function, and respiratory arrest, and a symptom or disease caused by hypoxia, in particular, for prevention of an increase in uric acid level.

The invention discloses a wireless sleeping respiration monitor which comprises a data collecting device, a vibration waking-up device and a handheld terminal. The data collecting device comprises a heart sound / respiration sound sensor, an audio collecting circuit and a bluetooth transceiving module. The vibration waking-up device comprises a vibrator, a vibration waking-up circuit and a bluetooth transceiving module. The data collecting device couples sound signals to the audio collecting circuit to perform amplification and digitalization through the heart sound / respiration sound sensor and transmits the sound signals subjected to the amplification and the digitalization to the handheld terminal. The handheld terminal extracts heart sound signals and respiration sound signals according to audio signal processing and digital filtering, judges whether a user has a respiratory arrest situation in the fast sleep state according to characteristic values of the extracted heart sound signals and respiration sound signals, and performs audio waking-up on the user through audio waking-up signals. The vibration waking-up device performs on vibration waking-up on the user having the respiratory arrest situation in the fast sleep state through the vibrator.

Surgical nursing anesthesia equipment for rapidly treating anesthesia accidents comprises a breathing mask capable of being buckled to the mouth and nose position of a patient in a closed mode, a breathing area is formed between the breathing mask and the face of the patient, and an oxygen pipe, an anesthesia gas pipe, an exhaust pipe and a waste gas pipe which are inserted into the breathing area are fixedly arranged on the breathing mask; a switching mechanism is further arranged on the side, facing the pressure pump, of the anesthetic piston valve, the switching mechanism is provided with an execution rod which can extend out of the anesthetic trachea along with the continuous pressurization effect of the pressure pump after respiratory arrest of the patient, and the extending execution rod is used for being matched with the air exhaust end cover and the oxygen end cover so as to open the air exhaust end cover and the oxygen end cover. On one hand, whether an anesthetic patient has a respiratory arrest accident or not can be automatically judged, and the anesthetic mask is automatically switched to an oxygen supply state after arcuate heart arrest of the patient, and on the other hand, anesthetic gas in the breathing mask is quickly discharged after respiratory arrest, so that the residual anesthetic gas is prevented from further damaging the patient.

The present disclosure provides a sudden respiratory arrest detection and alarm system, including a processor and at least one radar sensor arranged in the monitoring area and connected to the processor in communication, the radar sensor is used to emit electromagnetic waves and receive echo signals, the processing The detector is used to detect respiratory arrest based on the collected transmitted electromagnetic wave and echo information, using the minimum value of the echo amplitude under the condition of no one lying in bed, the level of echo interference under the condition of no one lying in bed, and the power calculated under the four lying positions The minimum value of the spectral density sum determines the pre-alarm condition for respiratory arrest. When the echo signal received in real time meets the pre-alarm condition, the pre-alarm for respiratory arrest is performed; this disclosure is applicable to non-contact and non-visual detection methods, no need to wear , does not affect normal activities, does not violate personal privacy, greatly improves the practicability of detection, and has a very high promotion value.

A cerebral protection system generally includes an array of cold packs, an insulating cover, and optionally a set of trays. The cold pack contains two reactive materials separated by a rupturable membrane. When the first reactive material and the second reactive material are mixed, an endothermic reaction occurs. The system can be used to induce hypothermia in selected regions of the brain when used. The system can be used to treat conditions including concussion, traumatic brain injury (TBI), heatstroke, cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, anoxic brain injury, ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.