Automotive window laminate and control system for use in such laminate and method for controlling such laminate

Abstract

The present invention is related to an automotive window laminate, preferably a roof window laminate, with electrically controllable optical properties, comprising a first glass sheet, and a second glass sheet, at least one switchable functional layer, arranged between the first glass sheet and second glass sheet, wherein the at least one switchable functional layer comprises groups of segments which are controllable. The invention further relates to the use of a functional layer and a control system for controlling the window laminate. The invention also relates to a method for controlling a functional layer.

Description

[0001] Automotive window laminate and control system for use in such laminate and method for controlling such laminate

[0002] The present invention relates to automotive window laminate comprising a switchable functional layer. The invention further relates to use or intended use of a functional layer, a control system for controlling of such functional layer or window laminate and a method for controlling of such functional layer or window laminate.

[0003] In the automotive industry, there is a growing demand for active interlayers inside glass laminated structures, particularly for sunroofs of electric vehicles. This demand is driven, among other things, by the need to increase interior space while maintaining aerodynamic efficiency. Electric cars typically have batteries installed underneath the seats, which increases the height of a person sitting in the vehicle. Simultaneously, there is a requirement to improve aerodynamics to increase mileage per kilowatt-hour, necessitating a lower roof height.

[0004] Traditional fabric roll systems used for sun protection can be replaced with active interlayers, such as Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC), Liquid Crystal (LC), Suspended Particle Device (SPD), or Electrochromic (EC) films. These active interlayers can provide the same sun-blocking functionality while only adding about 0.38mm to the thickness of the glass structure, compared to the 30-40mm required for a fabric roll system. This allows for a significant increase in interior space without compromising the overall height of the vehicle.

[0005] In addition to the contribution for energy efficiency, active interlayers or switchable functional layers are used by automotive manufacturers to add functionalities and features to their vehicles. This trend is not only observed within the automotive industry but also in aircrafts, vessels, and trains. Since these switchable functional layers can be switched based on a (electrical) power, such as AC power or DC power, it allows to switch the entire window laminate instantaneously, compared to the relatively slowly moving fabric roll cover. The switchable functional layer can be switched between opaque and transparent or translucent. Some types of functional layers turn translucent or transparent after applying a power, whereas other types turn opaque upon application of (electrical) power to the functional layer. Active interlayers or switchable functional layers can be switched on or off in selective steps or segments. This is typically achieved by creating cutlines in transparent conductive coated layers of an active interlayer of a switchable functional layer. These cutlines electrically separate and isolate segments, allowing the active interlayer or switchable functional layer to be partially switched rather than switching the entire surface at once.

[0006] However, the use of these selective segments has been rather limited to switching on and off adjacent segments consecutively. On and off in this respect can be understood as transparent and opaque. Depending on the active interlayer switching on may be understood as transparent and switching off may be understood as opaque or vice versa. This however does not provide the flexibility to switch on or off dedicated locations on the functional layer on demand.

[0007] Existing solutions have attempted to address this by increasing the number of segments and creating more complex wiring patterns. However, these approaches often result in increased manufacturing complexity, higher costs, and potential reliability issues due to the increased number of electrical connections.

[0008] It is therefore a first object of the present invention to provide an improved automotive laminated structure that allows for improved switching functionalities, in particular an improved contrast between switched on and switched off portions.

[0009] It is a second objective to provide an automotive window laminate which allows for generation of a local switched, in particular opaque spot, in particular a local switched in particular opaque island.

[0010] It is a third objective to provide an automotive window laminate that offers greater flexibility in creating customized shading patterns while maintaining the overall simplicity and reliability of the active interlayer structure.

[0011] The present invention thereto proposes a window laminate, preferably an automotive, in particular a roof window laminate, preferably having electrically controllable optical properties, comprising: a first glass sheet, and optionally a second glass sheet. The laminate further comprises at least one switchable functional layer, preferably arranged between the first and second glass sheet, wherein said functional layer comprises:

[0012] o a plurality of electrically separated segments, forming a first group of segments, and

[0013] o a plurality of electrically separated segments, forming a second group of segments,

[0014] wherein at least one segment, preferably a plurality of the segments, of the first group of segments overlaps with at least one segment, preferably a plurality, in particular each, of the segments, of the second group of segments, such that overlapping segments of the first group of segments and second group of segments form and / or define one or more pixels, in particular a pixel matrix.

[0015] Alternatively or additionally, said functional layer may be at least one switchable functional layer, preferably arranged between the first glass sheet and second glass sheet, wherein the at least one switchable functional layer comprises:

[0016] o at least one first thermoplastic layer and at least one second thermoplastic layer,

[0017] o at least one switchable film layer arranged between the at least one first thermoplastic layer and the at least one second thermoplastic layer,

[0018] - wherein the first thermoplastic layer comprises an electrically conductive layer and / or an electrically conductive coating on a side facing the switchable film layer in which first thermoplastic layer, in particular in the conductive layer or conductive coating, a plurality of electrically separated segments is formed, forming a first group of segments, and - wherein the second thermoplastic layer comprises an electrically conductive layer and / or an electrically conductive coating on a side facing the switchable film layer in which second thermoplastic layer, in particular in the conductive layer or conductive coating, a plurality of electrically separated segments is formed, forming a second group of segments, wherein at least one segment, preferably a plurality, more preferably each, of the segments, of the first group of segments overlaps with at least one segment, preferably a plurality, more preferably each, of the segments, of the second group of segments, such that overlapping segments of the first group of segments and second group of segments form and / or define a pixel matrix.

[0019] The window laminate optionally further comprises at least one power distributor, preferably a switch, for selectively establishing an electrical connection for at least one segment, in particular at least two segments, preferably each segment, selected from the first group of segments and / or the second group of segments, out of at least:

[0020] o a first electrical connection, wherein at least one segment is electrically connected to one of two connections of a power source; and / or

[0021] o a second electrical connection, wherein at least one segment is electrically uncoupled; and / or

[0022] o preferably, a third electrical connection, wherein at least one segment is electrically connected to a common intersection and / or a common ground and / or wherein said at least one segment is electrically connected, in particular electrically shorted, to at least one further segment, preferably a plurality of further segments, preferably a further segment or plurality of further segments of the opposing group, in particular wherein said third connection extends outside the functional layer.

[0023] The present invention improves the switching functionalities. It was surprisingly found that by electrically shorting, shorting in this respect may be understood as a short circuit to, one or more segments, a bigger contrast between the switched segments is obtained. That is, a bigger contrast between the transparent or translucent segments (switched on segments) compared to the opaque segments (switched off segments). Although, switched on segments may alternatively result in opaque segments and switched off segments in transparent or translucent segments, the invention will hereinafter be explained, wherein switched on segments result in transparent or translucent segments and switched off segments result in opaque segments. In particular if the segments that need to be opaque are shorted to one or more segments of the other group of segments, a substantial difference in the opaqueness is achieved. This improves the ability to e.g., block sunlight or improve privacy. Here, the shorted segments are understood to be in a third electrical connection, which may thus also be a common intersection and / or common ground. This causes current to be routed externally and hence prevent a current to flow through the switchable functional layer. It is preferred that the third electrical connection extends at least partially, preferably entirely, outside the switchable film layer, in particular outside the switchable functional layer. The third connection may be outside the entire window laminate, but may also be provided onto an inactive portion of the functional layer or as a flexible, in particular flat, printed circuit arranged between the first and second glass sheet. Outside the switchable functional layer may be outside the perimeter of said functional layer. Hence, at least a part of the third electrical connection may at least partially extend beyond a perimeter described by the functional layer, in particular at least partially beyond a perimeter described by the switchable film layer, more in particular at least partially beyond a perimeter described by the switchable functional layer. Additionally or alternatively, at least a part of the third electrical connection may at least partially extend beyond a perimeter described by the automotive window laminate. Such that it is prevented that the overlap of shorted segments can become translucent due to a flow of current. In addition, it was surprisingly found that a switched, in particular opaque, island can be established, which is situated at a distance from all edges of the functional layer. By selectively connecting segments to one of the three electrical connections the location of the switched, in particular opaque, island can be controlled. The switched, in particular opaque, island may be enlarged or decreased in size, and / or may be displaced in location. Such a local switched, in particular opaque, island may provide for local privacy or local blocking of sunlight into a vehicle cabin. It is imaginable that the opaque island is formed by a single pixel, or by a set of pixels, in particular a set of adjacent pixels. The switched, in particular opaque, island can be established by establishing a third electrical connection for at least two segments that overlap, i.e. , one of the first group and one of the second group, wherein said segments are both at a distance from edge or boundary segments. Edge or boundary segments may be defined as segments located close(st) to or at the boundary or edge of the respective thermoplastic layer. In particular two segments at a distance from the edge or boundary segments are electrically shorted. Shorting said segments prevents that a current runs through the switchable film and hence allowing the segments to remain substantially entirely opaque. All remaining segments are preferably connected to one of the connections of the power source or are uncoupled, such that the remaining overlapping segments are transparent or translucent. By being able to selectively establish an electrical connection for at least one segment, and preferably a plurality of or even each segment of the first group and / or second group of segments, the window laminate provides an improved flexibility. For example, it allows adjacent segments of a single thermoplastic layer of the functional layer to be coupled to the different connections of the power source or power supply, allowing a serial connection to be established. By selectively connecting the segments of both groups, a vast amount of connecting possibilities become available. This provides increased flexibility in where, and how parts of the window laminate are turned on (transparent or translucent) and turned off (opaque). Switched island is understood as one or more pixels situated at a distance from at least one preferably each boundary of pixels being switched. Switched meaning that those pixels are being switched from their unpowered state or vice versa. This may be from opaque to translucent or from translucent to opaque. The automotive window laminate is preferably a vehicle window laminate, such as a car, bus or truck. However, the invention is not limited to this application, and may also be applied in a train, airplane, or vessel.

[0024] Where reference is made to selectively establishing an electrical connection for a segment selected from the first group of segments and / or the second group of segments, out of at least: the first electrical connection, the second electrical connection and / or the third electrical connection, this shall be understood as the power distributor being configured to individually establish for each of the selected segments an electrical connection out of said first electrical connection and / or second electrical connection and / or third electrical connection.

[0025] The segments of the first group of segments, but also segments from other groups of segments may be electrically coupled to the power distributor via one or more tracks. Said tracks may be directly electrically connected to the segments, but it is also conceivable that a different connector is provided, which connector electrically connects to the segment on one side and to the tracks on the other side such that the segments can be electrically coupled to the power distributor via said connector. It is also imaginable that an electrically conductive print is provided which electrically connects a segment to the power distributor. Yet, alternative ways to provide electrical power to the segments are also conceivable. The power source (or power supply) as referred to in this document shall be understood to encompass all technical measures in the realm of the skilled person that allows a functional layer to be switched from a first state to a second state or between an at least partially opaque state and a transparent or translucent state. This does not necessarily need to be the same operating principle as this may depend on the type of functional layer applied. For example, a power source may be understood to cause an electric field (i.e. through application of a predetermined voltage), in particular at least in a part of the functional layer, to switch the (liquid crystals of) functional layer from a first state to another state. The power source may be configured for supplying a voltage.

[0026] The present invention provides a plurality of pixels, which preferably form a matrix. In this respect the pixel matrix does not necessarily require rows and columns of pixels. The pixels of the matrix are formed where one segment of the first group overlaps with a segment of the second group of segments. In this overlapping area the current be applied to the switchable film causing it to turn transparent. The pixels are thus formed or defined by the shape of the overlapping segments, in particular by the shape of an overlapping area of two overlapping segments. In this sense, overlapping is understood as the part where the segments, seen in top view, cross one another. These segments of the first and second group are situated in a different plane (different thermoplastic layer) and therefore do not touch, in particular the segments of the first and second group are at a distance at least partially defined by the switchable film layer. In particular, the segments of the first group of segments are close to, preferably in touch with, a first side of the switchable film layer and the segments of the second group of segments are close to, preferably in touch with, a second side of the switchable film layer, wherein the first side and the second side of the switchable film layer are opposing sides of the switchable film layer. If the segments are rectangular and have the same width and extend perpendicular to each other, the overlap forms a square pixel corresponding to the width of said segments. If one segment is wider, a rectangular pixel is formed. If the segments extend at an angle, and are of the same width, a diamond shaped pixel is formed by the overlap. Hexagonal shaped pixels may also be formed. If the segments are randomly formed, the pixel with have a random boundary shape defined by the overlapping area of the overlapping segments. If the first segment of the first group overlaps with a plurality of segments of the second group, each overlapping area forms an individual pixel. As such, if each segment of the first group of segments overlaps with each segment of the second group of segments a pixel matrix is formed. The shape of each pixel is defined by the shape or area of two individual overlapping segments from the first and second group respectively. By changing the mutual angle between the first group of segments and second group of segments the shape of the pixels may be altered. If the shape of the segments themselves is changed, the shape of the pixels may also be altered. Since the present invention allows to establish selective electrical connections for each segment of the first group of segments and each segment of the second group of segments the possibilities are substantially increased. Each segment can independently of the other be controlled. This allows to provide a substantial flexibility to define customized patterns on the switchable functional layer. At the same time, the reliability is maintained due to the simple switching structure. Due to the controllable pixels, the optical properties may be controlled in an efficient manner.

[0027] Preferably, when a first electrical connection is established power is supplied to said segment from one connection of a power source. The connection of the power source may also or alternatively be referred to as a terminal of contact point. When a first electrical connection is established, this may be between the first or the second connection on said power source. When two overlapping segments are coupled to the power source, in particular to the opposing connections (terminals), a current is applied to the film layer, causing the film layer to be switched upon establishing the connection with the terminals. When a second electrical connection is established, the respective segment is electrically uncoupled, i.e. , from the terminals of the power source. Hence, the segment is electrically not coupled to the power source or other segments. In principle, this causes that no current is actively applied to said segment. Although no current is actively applied to this segment (i.e., a first electrical connection), it was found that some leakage (of current) may cause a small current to be measured in the segment (and through the switchable film) connected to the second electrical connection, even though it is electrically uncoupled. Leakage of current may cause some pixels to partially turn transparent or translucent, even though they are not coupled to the source by themselves. If a third electrical connection is established for a segment, no current is applied to said segment. Also, since said segment is electrically shorted, current is immediately routed externally eliminating or preventing a flow of current through the switchable film. It was surprisingly found that such a short circuit eliminates the usage of said segment, in particularly the pixel that it forms with another shorted segment of the other group. Hence, when one or more segments of the first group of segments are shorted electrically with one or more segments of the second group of segments, substantially no current is directed through the film layer, causing it to remain opaque (or transparent depending on the switchable film). The electrical shorting may be established by coupling a segment to a common ground or an electronic intersection to which a plurality, preferably each, segment may be selectively coupled. As such, it may be achieved easily that all segments coupled to the ground are electrically shorted. Although the term shorted is used, it shall be understood that the third electrical connection causes the path of least resistance to be established externally with respect to or outside of the functional layer, and as such preventing the pixels to be supplied with current. The third electrical connection may thus block a current to flow through the pixel formed by the segments that are mutually shorted. The second electrical connection can be integrally referred to as a second connection, or a second connection condition. Similarly and throughout this document, the first electrical connection may be referred to as a first connection, or a first connection condition and / or the third electrical connection may be referred to as a third connection, or a third connection condition.

[0028] Where reference is made to selectively establishing an electrical connection for the at least two segments selected from the first group of segments and / or the second group of segments, out of at least: the first electrical connection, the second electrical connection and / or the third electrical connection, this shall be understood as the power distributor being configured to individually establish for each of the selected segments of the at least two, in particular individual, segments an electrical connection out of said first electrical connection and / or second electrical connection and / or third electrical connection.

[0029] The automotive window laminate may comprise a plurality of power distributors, preferably a plurality of switches, each for selectively establishing an electrical connection for at least one segment, in particular a single segment of the at least two segments, preferably one of at least two segments, selected from the first group of segments and / or the second group of segments, out of at least:

[0030] - a first electrical connection, wherein the segment is electrically connected to one of two connections of a power source;

[0031] - a second electrical connection, wherein the segment is electrically uncoupled;

[0032] - optionally, a third electrical connection, wherein the segment is electrically connected to a common intersection and / or a common ground and / or wherein said at least one segment is electrically connected, in particular electrically shorted, to at least one further segment, preferably a plurality of further segments, in particular wherein said at least one further segment is from the opposing group of segments.

[0033] Each segment of the first group of segments and each segment of the second group of segments may be coupled to an individual power distributor, which allows for independent control of the independent segments. However, it is imaginable that all independent power distributors are mutually integrated such as to form a single power distributor for selectively establishing electrical connections for the independent segments. At least one power distributor, and / or optionally the control unit, may be configured for establishing a combination of at least one first electrical connection, at least one second electrical connection, and at least one third electrical connection, for at least three individual segments respectively.

[0034] According to some embodiments, the automotive window laminate may further comprise at least control unit, wherein the control unit is configured for controlling the at least one power distributor to select the first electrical connection, or second electrical connection, or third electrical connection, wherein the selection is preferably based on a control signal. Providing a control unit is beneficial for controlling the power distributor. The control unit may also be integrated into the power distributor, such that a smart power distributor is obtained. However, it is also conceivable the power distributor is formed by a switch, such as an electric relay, wherein the state of the relay is controlled by the control unit. This allows for actively controlling the state of the individual pixels. Each pixel may be controlled by selectively connecting the two segments in the first group of segment and second group of segments forming said pixel to one of the first connection, second connection or third connection. The control unit may also be configured to control, if applied, the plurality of independent power distributors. Hence, allowing for independent control of the connection for each segment of the first group and second group. The control unit may be arranged to select the electrical connection based on a control signal. Such a control signal may be defined based on different inputs. For example, it is imaginable that the control signal uses GPS or vehicle parameters and information related to the weather to determine an incident angle for the sun. This is especially beneficial if the window laminate is a roof laminate. The weather information and GPS or vehicle parameters may be translated to a number of pixels that needs to be opaque to provide shade to the person(s) in the cabin. Since the invention provides for improved flexibility of the switched, in particular opaque, part, this can change on demand, for example when the vehicle turns the incident angle and orientation of the sun changes causing the need for different pixels to be switched, in particular opaque. This technique requires absolute control of the pixels and therefore requires the degree of flexibility provided for by the present invention to be successfully implemented. The same may be applied in case the widow is a front window laminate, particularly if the upper region of the window laminate comprises a plurality of pixels, they may be selectively made opaque to form a controllable sun visor. It is imaginable that the control unit is further configured to control one or more segments of a further window laminate, in particular the segments of a further switchable functional layer.

[0035] The power distributor, and / or optionally the control unit if applied, may be configured for establishing the first electrical connection for at least two adjacent segments or at least two sets of adjacent segments, of the first group of segments and / or the second group of segments, wherein each of two segments or each of two sets of segments is individually connected to the two different connections of the power source such that a serial electrical connection is formed. This type of connection found to achieve a serial connection for adjacent segments which provided a significant benefit. The serial connection increases the resistance due to a double passing of the switchable film, thereby reducing the required voltage or current needed to switch. A lower current may in certain conditions be very beneficial to reduce the risk of burn spots in one or more pixels. If two adjacent segments in one thermoplastic layer are connected to opposing terminals of the power source, the current within this circuit passes through the switchable film twice (once upwardly and once downwardly), by passing the switchable film twice the resistance is increased causing a lower current to suffice. The two adjacent segments or two sets of adjacent segments are arranged in a single thermoplastic layer. Where the prior art typically relies on one thermoplastic layer being the positive electrode and one thermoplastic layer being the negative electrode, the present invention increases the degree of flexibility in that each segment may be coupled to the positive or negative terminal of the power source and hence form the positive or negative electrode. Here, the (positive or negative) terminal is a way to define the direction of the current. This may also be referred to as anode or cathode, plus or minus, or other terms. The fact that each segment may independently and selectively be coupled to one of the two connections allows for establishing the serial connection described above. The adjacent segments do not necessarily need to be directly adjacent, it is for example possible that one or more intermediate segments is situated between the two segments or two sets of segments in said same group.

[0036] The power distributor, and / or optionally the control unit, may be configured for establishing the third electrical connection, wherein one or more segments are selected from the first group of segments and wherein one or more further segments are selected from the second group of segments. The alternative may also be conceivable, wherein one or more segments are selected from the second group and wherein one or more further segments are selected from the first group of segments. By selecting segments from both the first and second group of segments, and electrically shorting them (i.e., establishing the third electrical connection) a path of least resistance is established outside the functional layer. This causes the pixel (or pixels) formed by the overlapping segments to remain opaque (or transparent depending on the functional layer). This solution essentially entirely eliminates the leakage of current and hence provide a reliable way to keep the pixel(s) opaque. Since the present invention allows to switch the segments of the functional layer individually, the opaque pixel or pixels may be arbitrarily formed in the functional layer. Also, it is possible to have a group of pixels turned opaque which move from the center of the functional layer (i.e., as an opaque island) towards a boundary to form an opaque peninsula. According to some embodiments at least one resistor, preferably an adjustable resistor, is arranged in the third electrical connection or connected to the third electrical connection, such that the resistance of the third electrical connection is adjustable. According to some embodiments at least one resistor, preferably an adjustable resistor, is arranged in the first or second electrical connection or connected to the first or second electrical connection, such that the resistance of the first or second electrical connection is adjustable. Said adjustable resistor is adjustable between 0 Ohm up to at least 5000 Ohm, preferably up to at least 500 Ohm, more preferably 50 Ohm. The control unit, if applied, may be further configured to control said adjustable resistor. By arranging an adjustable resistor the resistance of the shorted connection may be adjusted, hence if the resistance is set to 0 Ohm, the third electrical connection is shorted, routing all current externally. However, by selecting a very small resistance, a fraction of the current may flow through the segment and the film layer where it overlaps another segment. By adjusting the resistance the degree of opaqueness or transparency may be adjusted. Increasing the resistance causes a larger fraction of the current to go through switchable film, cand hence a larger degree of transparency. Similarly, reducing the resistance in the third electrical connection causes the degree of current through said segment and switchable film to reduce, and hence increasing the opaqueness of the pixel. This allows for forming an opaque island which fades out to transparent or translucent functional layer. The fade out opaque island may be moved over the functional layer by selectively changing the connections of the segments.

[0037] The switchable film layer may be selected from the group consisting of: ElectroChrome (EC), liquid crystal (LC), polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), suspended particle device (SPD), or a similar switchable film. The PDLC may be a regular PDLC, which turns transparent or translucent when power is applied, or an inverse PDLC which turns opaque when power is applied, yet it is also conceivable that a bistable PDLC is used. The present invention according to some embodiments is not restricted to the type of switchable functional layer that is used, as it provides a solution for improved functionalities. In some embodiments the switchable functional layer is connected to the first glass sheet and / or second glass sheet by a pair of bonding layers, each bonding layer arranged between one of the glass sheets and the switchable functional layer. The bonding layer may be Polyvinyl butyral (PVB), or similar layers used in the field. The bonding layers allow for an easy coupling of the functional layer to the laminate.

[0038] Optionally, the automotive window laminate, in particular the at least one switchable functional layer, further comprises:

[0039] o at least one third thermoplastic layer, and

[0040] o at least one second switchable film layer arranged between the at least one second thermoplastic layer and the at least one third thermoplastic layer,

[0041] - wherein the second thermoplastic layer further comprises an electrically conductive layer on a side facing the second switchable film layer in which second thermoplastic layer optionally a plurality of electrically separated segments is formed, forming a third group of segments, and

[0042] - wherein the third thermoplastic layer comprises an electrically conductive layer on a side facing the second switchable film layer in which third thermoplastic layer optionally a plurality of electrically separated segments is formed, forming a fourth group of segments,

[0043] wherein at least one segment, preferably a plurality, in particular each, of the segments, of the third group of segments overlaps with at least one segment, preferably a plurality, in particular each, of the segments, of the fourth group of segments, such that overlapping segments of the third group of segments and fourth group of segments form or define a plurality of pixels in particular a second pixel matrix,

[0044] - wherein at least one power distributor, is further configured for selectively establishing an electrical connection for at least one segment, preferably at least two segments, more preferably each segment, selected from the third group of segments and / or the fourth group of segments, out of at least:

[0045] o a first electrical connection, wherein at least one segment is electrically connected to one of two connections of a power source; o a second electrical connection, wherein at least one segment is electrically uncoupled;

[0046] o optionally, a third electrical connection, wherein at least one segment is electrically connected to a common intersection and / or a common ground and / or wherein said at least one segment is electrically connected, in particular electrically shorted, to at least one further segment, preferably a plurality of further segments, preferably a further segment or plurality of further segments of the opposing group, in particular wherein said third connection extends outside the functional layer.

[0047] The second switchable film, arranged between the second thermoplastic layer and the third thermoplastic layer is situated substantially parallel to and at a distance from the first switchable film. Preferably the power distributor according to the invention allows for selectively establishing an electrical connection for a segment of the first group of segments, and / or second group of segments, and / or third group of segments, and / or fourth group of segments. Hence, where reference is made to the power distributor it is to be understood that if a third and / or fourth group of segments is provided, said distributor is configured to selectively establish the electrical connections thereof in the same manner as with respect to the first and / or second group of segments. If such a second switchable functional layer is present, the degree of display options is significantly enlarged. Also, three dimensional display may be conceivable through switching respective pixels of the first or second functional layer. If a plurality of power distributors is provided, it is preferred that each segment of the third and / or fourth group of segments is connected to a power distributor. Preferably, the control unit is configured to control each of the power distributors.

[0048] The plurality of segments may be electrically separated and / or isolated by electrically non-conductive portions. The plurality of electrically separated segments (of all groups of segments that is) may be formed by electrically separated portions of conductive layer. These electrically non-conductive portions may for example be formed by a cutline in the electrically conductive layer of the thermoplastic layers. At these cutlines conductive material is, preferably entirely, removed. Thereby the electric fields of adjacent segments are separated and / or isolated. These portions may be separated by means of a laser. The segments are separated by approximately 1 micron to approximately 100 micron. Alternatively, the separations may be formed by means of a micro tool or knives, or by preventing the conductive layer or coating to adhere during application (e.g., sputtering or other coating technique). In some embodiments, the first group of segments and / or the second group of segments and / or third group of segments and / or the fourth group of segments comprises at least 2 segments, preferably at least 5 segments, preferably at least 10 segments, more preferably at least 20 segments. Yet, each group of segments may also be formed out of 26 segments, or even 52 segments, the invention is not limited to any number of segments. The limit of segments is typically set by the finesse of the tracks and the finesse of connecting these tracks as well as resistivity in the transparent conductive coated layer and thickness and accuracy of the separation lines between the segments. It is imaginable that the two thermoplastic layers have a different number of segments or the same number of segments. The conductive layer of at least one thermoplastic layer may comprise and / or be formed at least partially or entirely outof Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Fluorinedoped Tin Oxide (FTO), Aluminum-doped Zinc Oxide (AZO), Silver Nanowires, graphene, Doped Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), sputtered Thin Metals, and / or combinations thereof.

[0049] At least one segment is formed by a straight segment track extending in a width or length direction of the functional layer. Alternatively and / or additionally at least one segment is formed by an oblique segment track extending in a diagonal direction of the functional layer. Said oblique track being at an angle with respect to the straight segment track. Alternatively or additionally at least one segment is formed by a curved segment track. Said curved segment track may follow a sinusoidal path, or a random curved path. A combination of the aforementioned is also conceivable. By changing the shape of the segment track(s) the shapes of the various segments can be adapted and hence differently shaped pixels may be formed. This allows for increased possibilities in the display of pixels.

[0050] The segments of first group of segments are situated at an angle, preferably perpendicular, with respect to the segments of the second group of segments. The segments of the third group, if applied, are situated at an angle, preferably perpendicular, with respect to the segments of the fourth group of segments. The segments of the first group of segments may also be at an angle with respect to the third group of segments. The shape of the pixels thus formed may be rectangular, square, diamond, circular, oval, free, polygonal. The shape of the pixel is defined by the shape of the overlapping segments themselves and can thus be adapted to the need of the application.

[0051] The window laminate may comprise at least one power source, wherein said power source is configured for powering a part of the switchable functional layer, in particular the segments of the first group of segments and / or the segments of the second group of segments. Via the at least one power distributor the segments may selectively coupled to one of two connections of the power source. The two connections may also be referred to as the two terminals and / or the plus and min. If two overlapping segments are respectively coupled to opposing connections or terminals, a current is applied to the pixel formed by the overlap between said segments. The power source may be an AC power source and / or a DC power source. The AC power source preferably produces sinusoidal waves or square waves. The power source may be configured to apply a voltage of 110V, 48V, and / or a voltage in the range of 6V - 12V, and / or a voltage in the range of 1.5V -2V.

[0052] In principle, each combination of a segment of the first group and a segment of the second group can be mutually electrically connected in sixteen different connections that may be established. For example if a segment A is selected from the first group and a segment B is selected from the second group the following electrical connections may be established:

[0053] Combination 1 : Segment A connected to the first electrical connection, in particular a first connection of the power source and segment B connected to the first connection, in particular to the opposing second connection of the power source. Combination 2: Segment A connected to the first electrical connection, in particular a first connection of the power source and segment B being connected to the second electrical connection (i.e. , electrically uncoupled).

[0054] Combination 3: Segment A connected to the first electrical connection, in particular a first connection of the power source and segment B being connected to the third electrical connection (i.e., electrically shorted). Combination 4: Segment A connected to the first electrical connection, in particular a second connection of the power source and segment B being connected to the second electrical connection (i.e. , electrically uncoupled).

[0055] Combination 5: Segment A connected to the first electrical connection, in particular a second connection of the power source and segment B being connected to the third electrical connection (i.e., electrically shorted).

[0056] Combination 6: Segment A connected to the first electrical connection, in particular a second connection of the power source and segment B connected to the first connection, in particular to the opposing first connection of the power source. Combination 7: Segment A connected to the second electrical connection (i.e., electrically uncoupled) and segment B connected to the first connection, in particular to the first connection of the power source.

[0057] Combination 8: Segment A connected to the third electrical connection (i.e., electrically shorted) and segment B connected to the first connection, in particular to the first connection of the power source.

[0058] Combination 9: Segment A connected to the second electrical connection (i.e., electrically uncoupled) and segment B connected to the first connection, in particular to the second connection of the power source.

[0059] Combination 10: Segment A connected to the third electrical connection (i.e., electrically shorted) and segment B connected to the first connection, in particular to the second connection of the power source.

[0060] Combination 11 : Segment A connected to the second electrical connection (i.e., electrically uncoupled) and segment B being connected to the second electrical connection (i.e., electrically uncoupled).

[0061] Combination 12: Segment A connected to the second electrical connection (i.e., electrically uncoupled) and segment B being connected to the third electrical connection (i.e., electrically shorted).

[0062] Combination 13: Segment A connected to the third electrical connection (i.e., electrically shorted) and segment B being connected to the third electrical connection (i.e., electrically shorted).

[0063] Combination 14: Segment A connected to the third electrical connection (i.e., electrically shorted) and segment B being connected to the second electrical connection (i.e., electrically uncoupled). Combination 15: Segment A connected to the first electrical connection, in particular a first connection of the power source and segment B connected to the first connection, in particular to the first second connection of the power source. Combination 16: Segment A connected to the first electrical connection, in particular a second connection of the power source and segment B connected to the first connection, in particular to the second second connection of the power source.

[0064] Give that each combination of two segments results in sixteen different possible connections, the present invention is able to provide a substantial degree of flexibility to connect segments in a way which suits the purpose. Not all of the above sixteen combinations cause the pixel formed by overlap of segment A and B to be switched to on or off. At least Combination 1 and Combination 6 cause a direct and substantially complete switch of the pixel formed by overlap between segments A and B. Combination 13 substantially may prevent the pixel formed by overlapping segments A and B to be switched if it is fully shorted. The other combinations may cause some degree of switching.

[0065] In a further aspect the invention is related to the use and / or intended use of the switchable functional layer and / or window laminate, in particular an automotive window laminate, as defined in the embodiments above, in particular if the functional layer is used in the window laminate as defined in the embodiments above. The same benefits as defined above apply mutatis mutandis with respect to the use of the switchable functional layer.

[0066] In a further aspect the invention is related to a control system for controlling a switchable functional layer having a plurality of segments, preferably the switchable film layer in the automotive window laminate according to some embodiments of the invention, comprising at least one power distributor, preferably a switch, wherein the power distributor comprises a first electrical contact, configured to be electrically connected to at least one segment of a functional layer, a second electrical contact, which is electrically uncoupled, a third electrical contact, configured to be electrically connected to one of two connections of a power source, a fourth electrical contact, which is electrically connected, or configured to be electrically connected, to a common intersection or common ground, and / or wherein configured to be electrically shorted, wherein the at least one power distributor is configured to selectively establish an electrical connection between the first electrical contact and one of the second electrical contact, third electrical contact, or fourth electrical contact, and preferably, at least control unit, wherein the control unit is configured for controlling the at least one power distributor to selectively electrically connect the first electrical contact with of at least one power distributor with each of one of the second electrical contact, third electrical contact, or fourth electrical contact of said power distributor. The second electrical contact may also be a position in which the first electrical contact is substantially unconnected or disconnected to all of the third contact and fourth contact, such that the segment coupled to the first electrical contact is electrically uncoupled. The control system allows for efficient and flexible control of a functional layer that is coupled. Preferably, the control system comprises a plurality of power distributors, preferably a plurality of switches, wherein each power distributor comprises a first electrical contact, configured to be electrically connected to at least one segment of a functional layer, a second electrical contact, which is electrically uncoupled, a third electrical contact, configured to be electrically connected to one of two connections of a power source, a fourth electrical contact, which is electrically connected, or configured to be electrically connected, to a common intersection or common ground, and / or wherein configured to be electrically shorted, and wherein each power distributor is configured to selectively establish an electrical connection between the first electrical contact and one of the second electrical contact, third electrical contact, or fourth electrical contact, wherein the control unit, if applied, is configured to control each power distributor to selectively electrically connect the first electrical contact with of at least one power distributor with each of one of the second electrical contact, third electrical contact, or fourth electrical contact of said power distributor. In some embodiments, the fourth electrical contact comprises at least one adjustable resistor, wherein the adjustable resistor is arranged in or connected to the fourth electrical contact, such that the resistance of the fourth electrical contact is adjustable. Said adjustable resistor, in particular the resistance, is adjustable between 0 Ohm up to at least 5000 Ohm, preferably up to at least 500 Ohm, more preferably 50 Ohm. The control unit, if applied, may be further configured to control said adjustable resistor. The control system may further comprising at least one power source, preferably an AC and / or DC power source, having at least two connections, wherein the third electrical contact of at least one power distributor is selectively electrically connected or connectable to one of each of the two connections of said power source. The power source may be configured to apply a voltage of 48V, and / or a voltage in the range of 6V - 12V, and / or a voltage in the range of 1.5V - 2V. It is imaginable that the control system is configured for controlling a plurality of switchable functional layers or automotive window laminates comprising a segmented functional layer, in particular as defined in some of the embodiments above.

[0067] In a further aspect the invention is related to a method for controlling a switchable functional layer having a plurality of segments, preferably the switchable film layer in the automotive window laminate according some embodiments, the method comprising the steps;

[0068] A) Providing a functional layer, or a window laminate comprising such functional layer, comprising:

[0069] o at least three electrically separated segments, preferably a plurality of electrically separated segments forming a first group of segments, and

[0070] o at least three electrically separated segments, preferably a plurality of electrically separated segments forming a second group of segments,

[0071] wherein at least one segment, preferably a plurality of the segments, of the first group of segments overlaps with at least one segment, preferably a plurality of the segments, of the second group of segments, such that overlapping segments of the first group of segments and second group of segments form a pixel matrix, in particular, step A) is providing the functional layer and / or window laminate as defined above,

[0072] B) selectively and electrically connecting at least one segment, preferably each segment, of the first group of segments and / or the second group of segments, between

[0073] - a first electrical connection, wherein at least one segment is electrically connected to one of two connections of a power source;

[0074] - a second electrical connection, wherein at least one segment is electrically uncoupled;

[0075] - optionally a third electrical connection, wherein at least one segment is electrically connected to a common intersection and / or a common ground and / or wherein said at least one segment is electrically connected, in particular electrically shorted, to at least one further segment, preferably a plurality of further segments, in particular shorted with at least one further segment or a plurality of further segments of the opposing group of segments in particular wherein said third connection extends outside the functional layer.

[0076] The method may further comprise adjusting a resistance value of a resistance which is provided in the third electrical connection and / or:

[0077] - Forming an opaque island in the switchable functional layer by selectively and electrically connecting a plurality of segments during step B) by;

[0078] ■ forming a first connection for each outermost segment of the first group of segments, such that each outermost segment of said first group is connected to a first connection of the power source;

[0079] ■ forming a first connection for each outermost segment of the second group of segments, such that each outermost segment of said second group is connected to a second connection of the power source;

[0080] ■ forming a third connection for at least one segment or a set of segments between the outermost segments from the first group of segments with at least one segment or a set of segments between the outermost segments from the second group of segments.

[0081] Forming an opaque island in the functional layer is beneficial as it may provide additional functionalities to the window laminate. Particularly to provide a shaded region which can be adjusted in accordance to a position of the sun. If more than three segments are provided for in the two groups of segments, the size of the opaque island may be adapted according to the need. Also, the location of the island may be shifted to and away from the boundaries of the functional layer, in particular the boundaries of the pixel matrix. It is imaginable that the opaque island is moved from a central part of the pixel matrix towards the boundary, forming a peninsula. Moving the opaque island to the boundary can be done by keeping the island the same size and shifting the island over the pixels, or by increasing the size of said island towards the boundary. Another way to form such an island in the switchable functional layer is by selectively and electrically connecting a plurality of segments during step B) by connecting one outermost segment of the first group of segments to a first connection of a power source and electrically uncoupling one other outermost segment of the first group of segments, electrically uncoupling each outermost segment of the second group of segments, connecting at least one segment or a set of segments from the first group of segments to a second connection of the power source, and connecting at least one segment or a set of segments from the second group of segments to said same second connection of the power source. The same benefits apply in this respect.

[0082] The present invention will hereinafter be further elucidated based on the following non-limitative figures, wherein:

[0083] - Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional side view of part of an automotive window laminate according to an embodiment;

[0084] - Figure 2 shows an exploded view of a switchable functional layer in a particular embodiment configured to be arranged between two glass sheets of a window laminate;

[0085] - Figures 3a-3c show different show examples of electrical connections and a corresponding pixel matrix; and

[0086] - Figure 4 shows a control system for use in a window laminate to control the functional layer.

[0087] Figure 1 schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of at least part of an automotive window laminate 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The window laminate 1 comprises a first glass sheet 2 and a second glass sheet 3. The first glass sheet 2 and the second glass sheet 3 of the shown window laminate 1 are situated parallel and mutually spaced apart. Between the first glass sheet 2 and the second glass sheet 3 a switchable functional layer 4 is arranged. In the shown example, the switchable functional layer 4 is entirely arranged between the first glass sheet 2 and the second glass sheet 3. Additionally or alternatively, the switchable functional layer 4 may partially be arranged between the first glass sheet 2 and the second glass sheet 3. It is conceivable that the glass sheets 2, 3 at least partially extends beyond at least one perimeter of at least one switchable functional layer 4 of the window laminate 1. The switchable functional layer 4 in this embodiment comprises a first thermoplastic layer 5 and a second thermoplastic layer 6. Between the first thermoplastic layer 5 and the second thermoplastic layer 6 a switchable film layer 7 is arranged. In this embodiment the film layer 7 is formed by a PDLC, however it may also be an EC or SPD. The switchable film layer 7 is at least partially, optionally entirely, located between the first thermoplastic layer 5 and the second thermoplastic layer 6. In the shown example, at least part of the perimeter of the switchable film layer 7 is aligned with at least part of the perimeter of the first thermoplastic layer 5 and / or with at least part of the perimeter of the second thermoplastic layer 6. In the shown embodiment, two bonding layers 8a, 8b are arranged between the glass sheet 2, 3 and the switchable functional layer 4. In particular, a first bonding layer 8a is arranged between the first glass sheet 2 and the second thermoplastic layer 6 for connecting the switchable functional layer 4, in particular the second thermoplastic layer 6, to the first glass sheet 2. A second bonding layer 8b is arranged between the second glass sheet 3 and the first thermoplastic layer 5 for connecting the functional layer 4, in particular the first thermoplastic layer 5, to the second glass sheet 3. The boding layers 8a, 8b shown here are formed out of PVB.

[0088] Figure 2 schematically shows an exploded view of the switchable functional layer 4 configured to be arranged between two glass sheets of a window laminate 1. The switchable film layer 4 comprises a first thermoplastic layers 5 and a second thermoplastic layer 6. Between the first thermoplastic layer 5 and the second thermoplastic layer 6 a switchable film layer is arranged. In the shown embodiment, the switchable film layer is made transparent for illustrative purposes of the switchable functional layer 4 according to the present invention.

[0089] The first thermoplastic layer 5 comprises an electrically conductive layer on a side 5a facing the switchable film layer (not-shown) and / or the second thermoplastic layer 6. On the side 5a facing the switchable film layer (not-shown) or the second thermoplastic layer 6, the first thermoplastic layer 5 comprises a plurality of electrically separated segments 9a-9f. The plurality of electrically separated segments 9a-9f together form a first group of segments 9. The plurality of segments 9a-9f may be electrically separated and / or isolated by electrically non-conductive portions 11 a-11 e. These electrically non-conductive portions 11 a-11 e may for example be formed by a cutline 11 a-11e in the electrically conductive layer of the first thermoplastic layer 5. At these cutlines 11 a-11e conductive material is, preferably entirely, removed. Thereby the electric fields of adjacent segments 9a-9f are separated and / or isolated. The non-conductive portions 11 a-11e of the shown embodiment are substantially straight and extend in the width direction W of the first thermoplastic layer 5. The segments 9a-9f of the shown embodiment substantially form straight tracks substantially extending in the width direction W of the switchable functional layer 4. In particular in the width direction W of the first thermoplastic layer 5. Alternatively, at least part of the tracks of the segments 9a-9f of the first group of segments 9 substantially extending in the length direction L of the switchable functional layer 4. In particular, in the length direction L of the first thermoplastic layer 5. In the latter case, the electrically non-conductive portions 11 a-11 e also extend in the length direction L of the switchable functional layer 4. In another embodiment at least part of the segments 9a-9f are formed by a differently shaped track.

[0090] The second thermoplastic layer 6 comprises an electrically conductive layer on a side 6b facing the switchable film layer (not-shown) and / or facing the first thermoplastic layer 5. On the side 6b facing the switchable film layer (not-shown) or the first thermoplastic layer 5, the second thermoplastic layer 6 comprises a plurality of electrically separated segments 10a-1 Of. The plurality of electrically separated segments 10a-1 Of together form a second group of segments 10. The plurality of segments 10a-1 Of may be electrically separated and / or isolated by electrically non-conductive portions 12a-12e provided on the side 6b facing the switchable film layer (not-shown) or the first thermoplastic layer 5. For illustrative purposes, these non-conductive portions 12a-12e are shown by the dashed lines. These electrically non-conductive portions 12a-12e may for example be formed by a cutline 12a-12e in the electrically conductive layer of the second thermoplastic layer 6. At these cutlines 12a-12e conductive material is, preferably entirely, removed. Thereby the adjacent segments 10a-1 Of are electrically separated and / or isolated by these non-conductive portions 12a-12e. The non-conductive portions 12a-12e of the shown embodiment are substantially straight and extend in the length direction L of the second thermoplastic layer 6. The segments 10a-1 Of of the shown embodiment substantially form straight tracks substantially extending in the length direction L of the switchable functional layer 4. In particular in the length direction L of the second thermoplastic layer 6. Alternatively, at least part of the tracks of the segments 10a-1 Of of the second group of segments 10 substantially extend in the width direction W of the switchable functional layer 4. In particular, in the width direction W of the second thermoplastic layer 6. In that case, the electrically non-conductive portions 12a-12e also extend in the width direction W of the switchable functional layer 4. In another embodiment at least part of the segments 10a-1 Of are formed by a differently shaped track.

[0091] In the shown embodiment, the first thermoplastic layer 5 comprises a total of six segments 9a-9f. The second thermoplastic layer 6 of the shown embodiment also comprises a total of six segments 10a-1 Of. It is, however, not required that the first thermoplastic layer 5 and the second thermoplastic layer 6 have the same number of segments. Another number of electrically separated segments 9a-9f in the first thermoplastic layer 5 and / or another number of electrically separated segments 10a-1 Of in the second thermoplastic layer 6 is / are hence also possible.

[0092] At least one segment 9a-9f of the first group of segments 9 overlaps at least partially with at least one segment 10a-1 Of of the second group of segments 10. Particularly, at least part of the plurality of segments 9a-9f of the first group of segments 9 overlaps with at least one segment 10a-1 Of of the second group of segments 10, in particular with at least part of the segments 10a-1 Of of the second group of segments 10. In the shown embodiment, each segment 9a-9f of the first group of segments 9 overlaps with at least one segment 10a-1 Of, in particular with each segment 10a-1 Of, of the second group of segments 10. The overlapping segments 9a-9f of the first group of segments 9 and segments 10a-1 Of of the second group of segments 10 form a plurality of pixel, said pixels forming a pixel matrix. In particular, wherein each pixel of said pixel matrix is formed by one segment 9a-9f of the first group of segments 9 overlapping with one segment 10a-10f of the second group of segments 10. In the shown embodiment, the segments 9a-9f of the first group of segments 9 and the segments 10a-1 Of of the second group of segments 10 are situated at angle with respect to each other. In particular, the segments 9a-9f of the first group of segments 9 and the segments 10a-1 Of of the second group of segments 10 are substantially perpendicular to each other. The segments 9a-9f of the first group 9 and the segments 10a-1 Of of the second group 10 of the shown embodiment are substantially formed by straight tracks. These substantially straight tracks of the first group of segments 9 and the second group of segments 10 are situated at an angle with respect to each other.

[0093] Overlapping segments 9a-9f of the first group of segments 9 and segments 10a-1 Of of the second group of segments 10 result in a pixel matrix. The shape of the pixels of the pixel matrix may at least partially be determined by the shape of the segments 9a-9f and 10a-1 Of. As in this example the segments 9a-9f of the first group of segments 9 and the segments 10a-1 Of of the second group of segments 10 are substantially straight tracks situated perpendicular to each other, the pixels of the pixel matrix will have a substantially square or rectangular shape.

[0094] In the shown embodiment, the electrically non-conductive portions 11 a-11 e of the first thermoplastic layer 5 and the electrically non-conductive portions 12a-12e of the second thermoplastic layer 6 are at an angle with respect to each other. In particular, the electrically non-conductive portions 11 a-11 e of the first thermoplastic layer 5 and the electrically non-conductive portions 12a-12e are substantially perpendicular to each other. Boundaries of overlapping segments of the first group of segments 9 and the second group of segments 10 may be defined by the non-conductive portions 11 a-11e and 12a-12e adjacent to the particular overlapping segments 9a-9f and 10a-1 Of. More in particular, the boundaries of overlapping segments of the first group 9 and the second group of segments 10 define the boundary of a pixel of the formed pixel matrix. Hence, the shape of the electrically non-conductive portions 11 a-11 e and 12a-12e may at least partially determine the shape of a pixel of a (to be) formed pixel matrix.

[0095] The window laminate, in particular the switchable functional layer 4, is electrically connected to a power distributor 13. In particular, at least one segment 9a-9f of the first group of segments 9 and / or at least one segment 10a-1 Of of the second group of segments 10 is electrically connected to said power distributor 13. In the shown embodiment, each segment 9a-9f of the first group of segments 9 and each segment 10a-1 Of of the second group of segments 10 are connected to the power distributor 13. In particular, each segment 9a-9f of the first group of segments 9 and / or each segment 10a-1 Of of the second group of segments 10 are individually and / or separately connected to the power distributor 13. The power distributor 13 is configured to selectively establish a first electrical connection between one of the two connections or terminals of a power source 14 and at least one segment 9a-9f of the first group of segments 10 and / or at least one segment 10a-1 Of of the second group of segments 10. The power source 14 may for example be an AC and / or a DC power source 14. It is imaginable that the two connections of the power source 14 relate to a positive pole (anode) and a negative pole (cathode) of the power source 14. Optionally, the power distributor 13 is configured to selectively electrically connect at least one segment 9a-9f of the first group of segments 9 and / or at least one segment 10a-1 Of of the second group of segments 10 to a positive pole (anode) and / or a negative pole (cathode) of the power source 14. The power distributor 13 is furthermore configured to selectively establish a second electrical connection, wherein at least one segment 9a-9f of the first group of segments 9 and / or at least one segment 10a-1 Of of the second group of segments 10 is electrically uncoupled. The power distributor 13 may thereto comprise or be partially formed by at least one switch 15 or a disconnector for selectively electrically uncouple at least one segment 9a-9f of the first group of segments 9 and / or at least one segment 10a-1 Of of the second group of segments 10. In particular, the second connection may at least partially open an electrical circuit of at least one segment 9a-9f of the first group of segments 9 and / or of at least one segment 10a-1 Of of the second group of segments 10, thereby electrically uncoupling at least one segment 9a-9f, 10a-1 Of. The power distributor 13 is furthermore configured to selectively establish a third electrical connection, wherein at least one segment 9a-9f of the first group of segments 9 and / or at least one segment 10a-1 Of of the second group of segments 10 is electrically connected to a common intersection and / or a common ground 16. As schematically indicated, an adjustable resistance 17 is provided in said common intersection and / or common ground 16. It is also conceivable that each line or power distributor is provided with such an adjustable resistance 17 such as to select a resistance for each shorted segment individually. Additionally or alternatively, the third electrical connection is formed by selectively electrically connecting at least one segment 9a-9f of the first group of segments 9 and / or at least one segment 10a-1 Of of the second group of segments 10 with at least one further (other) segment 9a-9f, 10a-1 Of. This may form an electrically short circuit between the at least two electrically connected segments 9a-9f, 10a-1 Of. The third electrical connection preferably extends outside the switchable functional layer 4, in particular at least outside the functional film layer. Preferably, the electrically short circuit between at least two segments 9a-9f, 10a-1 Of extends outside the switchable functional layer 4, in particular at least outside the functional film layer.

[0096] Figures 3a-3c schematically show examples of electrical connections and a corresponding pixel matrix to indicate how the pixels of the window laminate are switched. Figure 3a shows a simple variant which provides for a higher contrast between switched on (overlap 9D-10C) and switched off (e.g., overlap 9A-10F) pixels. In this variant, the power distributor 13 (not shown) is configured to selectively establish the first electrical connection for segment 9d of the first group of segment, particularly to the positive terminal of the power source. The power distributor 13 further selectively established a first electrical connection for segment 10c of the second group of segments, particularly to the negative terminal of the power source. This causes a flow of power through the (not shown) switchable film at least in the pixel formed by the overlap of segments 9d and 10c causing said pixel to become transparent or translucent. This is also indicated in the pixel matrix on the top right corner, where the white square indicates the transparent pixel. Since segments 9d and 10c are connected to respective terminals of the power source a closed circuit is established. The remaining segments (9a, 9b, 9c, 9e, 9f, 10a, 19b, 10d, 10e, 10f) are mutually electrically shorted, for example coupled to a common ground. This causes the pixels formed by overlap of aforementioned shorted segments to remain opaque (as indicated in the pixel matrix by the colour black). It was found that this connection also causes pixels 9D-10A, 9D-10B, 9D-10D, 9D-10E, 9D-10F, 9A-10C, 9B-10C, 9C-10C, 9E-10C,and also pixel 9D-10C to become slightly transparent or translucent. If instead of segment 9D, segment 9E is connected to the positive terminal of the power source, the switched on pixels will shift to the segment 9E, whilst those of 10C remain the same.

[0097] Figure 3b shows a first variant to form an opaque island, formed by opaque pixels 9D-10D, 9E-10D, 9D-10C, 9E-10C. The opaque island may be shifted freely over the pixel matrix, by redefining the connections of individual segments. The figure indicates that all of segments 9A, 9B, 9C, and 9F are switched to the first electrical connection, particular to the positive terminal or connection of the power source. Segments 10A, 10B, 10E, and 10F are switched in the first electrical connection as well, but to the opposing negative terminal or connection. This causes most of the pixels to be switched to transparent or translucent. The segments of which the overlap forms the pixels of the opaque island are all electrically shorted. Hence, segments 9D, 9E, and 10C, 10D are shorted, or coupled to a common ground or electrical intersection such as to prevent a flow of current through the switchable film and keep those pixels opaque. In this figure, the black arrows indicate where the current is applied to the switchable film layer to cause said liquid crystals to be aligned and turn the laminate transparent. Although in this figure the “flow of current” is depicted in a particular direction, it is imaginable that the flow extends in the other direction or both, for example in AC power sources. The figure merely allows to illustrate where current is applied to the switchable film and to cause it to turn transparent. If, in this shown embodiment, instead of segment 9D, segment 9F is electrically shorted, the opaque island will shift towards the right along length L to become an opaque peninsula. Similarly, if instead of segment 9E, segment 9C is electrically shorted (i.e., the third electrical connection) the opaque island moves to the left along length L. Similarly, if instead of segment 10D, segment 10B is electrically shorted (i.e., the third electrical connection), the opaque island will move downward along the width W. If, in addition to the segments 9D, 9E, 10C, 10D, also segment 9C is electrically shorted (i.e., the third electrical connection), the opaque island will grow larger.

[0098] Figure 3c shows an alternative variant which allows to form an opaque island. As indicated in the pixel matrix, this variant further shows two partially opaque portions, which is believed to be caused by leakage of current. In this variant, the set of segments 9A, 9B is switched (e.g. by the power distributor) in the first electrical connection to the positive connection or terminal of the power source, the adjacent set of segments 9C, 9D is switched (e.g. by the power distributor) in the first electrical connection to the negative connection or terminal of the power source. This configuration of adjacent segments in the first group 9 coupled to both connections of the power source establishes a serial connection. A circuit is formed between the two connections of the power source which crosses / moves through the switchable film twice, hence a higher resistance. This allows to use lower voltages. The current enters in segments 9A, 9B, then moves upward through the switchable film, then via the segments 10A,10B, 10E, 10F, the current “flows” in direction of segments 9C, 9D, where the current is forced down, again through the switchable film, to leave the functional layer in the same group of segments 9 to the power source. This “flow” is also indicated by means of the arrows in the area where the switchable film is arranged. Since segments 10C and 10D are also coupled to the negative connection of the power source, the flow of current going upwardly through pixels 9A-10C, 9A-10D, 9B-10C, and 9B-10D will leave the functional layer to the power source via segment connections 10C, 10D (since this is the path of least resistance. Hence, the current in those segments, 10C, 10D, will not go back down in the laminate such that an opaque island is formed. Although this embodiments shows an opaque island, the serial connection between segments 9A, 9B and segments 9C, 9D can also be utilised for switching on segments in a more power efficient way. For example, if segments 10C, 10D are switched in the second connection (electrically uncoupled), the functional layer is switched as indicated by the bottom pixel matrix.

[0099] In figures 3a-3c the pixel matrix displays the top or bottom view of the functional layer when it is connected in the way depicted. The pixels are for schematic purposes depicted by the black dotted lines. In reality, however it is understood that the separation between the segments is not visible with the naked eye. In these figures it is not always depicted that the electrically shorted segments are shorted with at least one segment of the opposing group (e.g., fig 3b), however this in practice is the case but for illustrative purposes this is not so indicated here. The balls shown in the top thermoplastic layer 6 show where the respective segments overlap. E.g., the ball shown in figure 3a corresponds to pixel 9D-10C in the pixel matrix. The same is done for figures 3b and 3c.

[0100] Figure 4 shows a non-limitative embodiment of a control system 100 for use in the window laminate for controlling the optical properties of the switchable functional layer. For illustrative purposes a simplified embodiment of the control system 100 is shown. The embodiments shows two power distributors 113, one connected to a first segment 109 and one connected to a second segment 110. A power source 114 in the form of a DC source is provided having a first power connection 114a and a second power connection 114b, which may also be called the positive terminal 114a and negative terminal 114b of the power source 114. A control unit 118 is provided which is configured to control the state of the power distributors 113 individually and independently. To this end, each power distributor comprises a first electrical contact 120 which is configured (or in this case is) to be connected to a segment 109, 110. The power distributor further comprises a second electrical contact, which is 123 is electrically uncoupled. In the embodiment, this is one of the connections of the switch 124 which is left uncoupled (electrically) such that the segment 109, 110 is not connected to the power source, nor shorted. The distributor 113 further comprises a third electrical contact 122, which is connected to one of two connections 114a, 114b of the power source 114. Here, the third electrical contact 122 comprises a primary third contact 122a connected to the positive terminal 114a of the power source 114 and a secondary third contact 122b connected to the negative terminal 114b of the power source 114. Lastly, the power distributor 113 comprises a fourth electrical contact 121, which is electrically shorted, in this embodiment coupled to a common ground or intersection line 116b each of the fourth electrical contacts 114 of the distributors 113 is electrically coupled to the common ground 116b or common intersection 116b via connections 116a. The connections 116a are routed outside the functional layer. Each power distributor comprises a switching element 124 or switch, by means of which the power distributor may establish an electrical connection between the first output 120 and one of the other outputs 121, 122a, 122b, 123. In the connections 116a, but also in the ground 116b an adjustable resistor 117 is located, which allows for selecting a resistance value of the shorted connection.

[0101] The above-described inventive concepts are illustrated by several illustrative embodiments. It is conceivable that individual inventive concepts, including inventive details, may be applied without, in so doing, also applying other details of the described example. It is not necessary to elaborate on examples of all conceivable combinations of the above-described inventive concepts, as a person skilled in the art will understand numerous inventive concepts can be (re)combined in order to arrive at a specific application and / or alternative embodiment.

[0102] The ordinal numbers used in this document, like “first”, “second”, and “third” are used only for identification purposes. Hence, the use of expressions like a “second” component, does therefore not necessarily require the co-presence of a “first” component. By "complementary" or “co-acting” components is meant that these components are configured to co-act with each other. However, to this end, these components do not necessarily have to have complementary forms. The verb “comprise” and conjugations thereof used in this patent publication are understood to mean not only “comprise”, but are also understood to mean the phrases “contain”, “substantially consist of”, “formed by” and conjugations thereof.

Claims

Claims1. Automotive window laminate, preferably a roof window laminate, with electrically controllable optical properties, comprising:- a first glass sheet, and a second glass sheet, - at least one switchable functional layer, arranged between the first glass sheet and second glass sheet, wherein the at least one switchable functional layer comprises:o at least one first thermoplastic layer and at least one second thermoplastic layer,o at least one switchable film layer arranged between the at least one first thermoplastic layer and the at least one second thermoplastic layer,- wherein the first thermoplastic layer comprises an electrically conductive layer on a side facing the switchable film layer in which first thermoplastic layer a plurality of electrically separated segments is formed, forming a first group of segments, and- wherein the second thermoplastic layer comprises an electrically conductive layer on a side facing the switchable film layer in which second thermoplastic layer a plurality of electrically separated segments is formed, forming a second group of segments,wherein at least one segment, preferably a plurality of the segments, of the first group of segments overlaps with at least one segment, preferably a plurality of the segments, of the second group of segments, such that overlapping segments of the first group of segments and second group of segments form a pixel matrix, further comprising:- at least one power distributor, preferably a switch, for selectively establishing an electrical connection for at least two segments, preferably each segment, selected from the first group of segments and / or the second group of segments, out of at least:o a first electrical connection, wherein at least one segment is electrically connected to one of two connections of a power source;o a second electrical connection, wherein at least one segment is electrically uncoupled;o a third electrical connection, wherein at least one segment is electrically connected to a common intersection and / or a common ground and / or wherein said at least one segment is electrically connected, in particular electrically shorted, to at least one further segment, preferably a plurality of further segments, in particular wherein said third connection extends outside the functional layer.

2. Automotive window laminate according to claim 1 , further comprising:- at least control unit, wherein the control unit is configured for controlling the at least one power distributor to select the first electrical connection, or second electrical connection, or third electrical connection, wherein the selection is preferably based on a control signal.

3. Automotive window laminate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the power distributor, and / or optionally the control unit, is configured for:- establishing the first electrical connection for at least two adjacent segments or at least two sets of adjacent segments, of the first group of segments and / or the second group of segments,wherein each of two segments or each of two sets of segments is individually connected to the two different connections of the power source such that a serial electrical connection is formed.

4. Automotive window laminate according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the power distributor, and / or optionally the control unit, is configured for:- establishing the third electrical connection, wherein one or more segments are selected from the first group of segments and wherein one or more further segments are selected from the second group of segments.

5. Automotive window laminate according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the power distributor, and / or optionally the control unit, is configured for:- establishing a combination of at least one first electrical connection, at least one second electrical connection, and at least one third electrical connection, for at least three individual segments respectively.

6. Automotive window laminate according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one adjustable resistor is arranged in the third connection, such that the resistance of the third connection is adjustable.

7. Automotive window laminate according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the switchable film layer is selected from the group consisting of: Electro-Chrome (EC), liquid crystal (LC), polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), suspended particle device (SPD), or a similar switchable film.

8. Automotive window laminate according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the switchable functional layer is connected to the first glass sheet and second glass sheet by a pair of bonding layers, each bonding layer arranged between one of the glass sheets and the switchable functional layer.

9. Automotive window laminate according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one switchable functional layer further comprises:o at least one third thermoplastic layer, ando at least one second switchable film layer arranged between the at least one second thermoplastic layer and the at least one third thermoplastic layer,- wherein the second thermoplastic layer further comprises an electrically conductive layer on a side facing the second switchable film layer in which second thermoplastic layer a plurality of electrically separated segments is formed, forming a third group of segments, and- wherein the third thermoplastic layer comprises an electrically conductive layer on a side facing the second switchable film layer in which third thermoplastic layer a plurality of electrically separated segments is formed, forming a fourth group of segments,wherein at least one segment, preferably a plurality of the segments, of the third group of segments overlaps with at least one segment, preferably a plurality of the segments, of the fourth group of segments, such that overlapping segments of the third group of segments and fourth group of segments form a second pixel matrix - wherein at least one power distributor, is configured for selectively establishing an electrical connection for at least two segments, preferably each segment, selected from the third group of segments and / or the fourth group of segments, out of at least:o a first electrical connection, wherein at least one segment is electrically connected to one of two connections of a power source;o a second electrical connection, wherein at least one segment is electrically uncoupled;o a third electrical connection, wherein at least one segment is electrically connected to a common intersection and / or a common ground and / or wherein said at least one segment is electrically connected, in particular electrically shorted, to at least one further segment, preferably a plurality of further segments, in particular wherein said third connection extends outside the functional layer.

10. Automotive window laminate according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the automotive window laminate comprises a plurality of power distributors, preferably a plurality of switches, each for selectively establishing an electrical connection for one of at least two segments, in particular all segments selected from the first group of segments and / or the second group of segments, out of at least:- a first electrical connection, wherein the segment is electrically connected to one of two connections of a power source;- a second electrical connection, wherein the segment is electrically uncoupled;- a third electrical connection, wherein the segment is electrically connected to a common intersection and / or a common ground and / or wherein said at least one segment is electrically connected, in particular electrically shorted, to at least one further segment, preferably a plurality of further segments, in particular wherein said third connection extends outside the functional layer.

11. Automotive window laminate according to claim 10, further comprising:- at least control unit, wherein the control unit is configured for controlling, preferably individually, the plurality of power distributors to select the first electrical connection, or second electrical connection, or third electrical connection, wherein the selection is preferably based on a control signal.

12. Automotive window laminate according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of electrically separated segments is formed by electrically separated portions of conductive layer.

13. Automotive window laminate according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first group of segments and / or the second group of segments comprises at least 5 segments, preferably at least 10 segments, more preferably at least 20 segments, most preferably at least 50 segments.

14. Automotive window laminate according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one segment is formed by a straight segment track extending in a width or length direction of the functional layer.

15. Automotive window laminate according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one segment is formed by an oblique segment track extending in a diagonal direction of the functional layer.

16. Automotive window laminate according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one segment is formed by a curved segment track.

17. Automotive window laminate according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the segments of first group of segments are situated at an angle, preferably perpendicular, with respect to the segments of the second group of segments.

18. Automotive window laminate according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the third electrical connection extends at least partially, preferably entirely, outside the switchable film layer, in particular outside the switchable functional layer.

19. Automotive window laminate according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the conductive layer of at least one thermoplastic layer comprises Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO), Aluminum-doped Zinc Oxide (AZO), Silver Nanowires, graphene, Doped Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), sputtered Thin Metals, and / or combinations thereof.

20. Automotive window laminate according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one power source, preferably an AC and / or DC power source, having at least two connections.

21. Automotive window laminate according to claim 20, wherein the power source is configured to apply a voltage of 110V, preferably 48V, and / or a voltage in the range of 6V - 12V, and / or a voltage in the range of 1.5V - 2V.

22. Use or intended use of the switchable functional layer and / or automotive window laminate as defined in any of the claims 1 -21 , in particular in an automotive window laminate according to any of the preceding claims.

23. Control system for controlling a switchable functional layer having a plurality of segments, preferably the switchable film layer in the automotive window laminate according to any of the claims 1-21, comprising;- at least one power distributor, preferably a switch, wherein the power distributor comprises:o a first electrical contact, configured to be electrically connected to at least one segment of a functional layer; o a second electrical contact, which is electrically uncoupled; o a third electrical contact, configured to be electrically connected to one of two connections of a power source; o a fourth electrical contact, which is electrically connected, or configured to be electrically connected, to a common intersection or common ground, and / or to be electrically shorted,wherein the at least one power distributor is configured to selectively establish an electrical connection between the first electrical contact and one of the second electrical contact, third electrical contact, or fourth electrical contact,- preferably, at least control unit, wherein the control unit is configured for controlling the at least one power distributor to selectively electrically connect the first electrical contact of at least one power distributor with each of one of the second electrical contact, third electrical contact, or fourth electrical contact of said power distributor.

24. Control system according to claim 23, wherein the system comprises:- A plurality of power distributors, preferably a plurality of switches, wherein each power distributor comprises:o a first electrical contact, configured to be electrically connected to at least one segment of a functional layer; o a second electrical contact, which is electrically uncoupled;o a third electrical contact, configured to be electrically connected to one of two connections of a power source; o a fourth electrical contact, which is electrically connected, or configured to be electrically connected, to a common intersection or common ground, and / or configured to be electrically shorted,and wherein each power distributor is configured to selectively establish an electrical connection between the first electrical contact and one of the second electrical contact, third electrical contact, or fourth electrical contact,- wherein the control unit, if applied, is configured to control each power distributor to selectively electrically connect the first electrical contact with at least one power distributor with each of one of the second electrical contact, third electrical contact, or fourth electrical contact of said power distributor.

25. Control system according to any of claims 23-24, wherein the fourth electrical contact comprises at least one adjustable resistor, wherein the adjustable resistor is arranged in or connected to the fourth electrical contact, such that the resistance of the fourth electrical contact is adjustable.

26. Control system according to any of the claims 23-25, further comprising at least one power source, preferably an AC and / or DC power source, having at least two connections, wherein the third electrical contact of at least one power distributor is selectively electrically connected to one of each of the two connections of said power source.

27. Control system according to claim 26, wherein the power source is configured to apply a voltage of 48V, and / or a voltage in the range of 6V - 12V, and / or a voltage in the range of 1.5V - 2V.

28. Method for controlling a switchable functional layer having a plurality of segments, preferably the switchable film layer in the automotive window laminate according to any of the claims 1-21, comprising;A) Providing a functional layer, or a window laminate comprising such functional layer, comprising:o At least three electrically separated segments, preferably a plurality of electrically separated segments forming a first group of segments, ando At least three electrically separated segments, preferably a plurality of electrically separated segments forming a second group of segments,wherein at least one segment, preferably a plurality of the segments, of the first group of segments overlaps with at least one segment, preferably a plurality of the segments, of the second group of segments, such that overlapping segments of the first group of segments and second group of segments form a pixel matrix, B) selectively and electrically connecting at least one segment, preferably each segment, of the first group of segments and / or the second group of segments, between- a first electrical connection, wherein at least one segment is electrically connected to one of two connections of a power source;- a second electrical connection, wherein at least one segment is electrically uncoupled;- a third electrical connection, wherein at least one segment is electrically connected to a common intersection and / or a common ground and / or wherein said at least one segment is electrically connected, in particular electrically shorted, to at least one further segment, preferably a plurality of further segments, in particular wherein said third connection extends outside the functional layer.

29. Method according to claim 28, wherein the method comprises:- Forming an opaque island in the switchable functional layer by selectively and electrically connecting a plurality of segments during step B) by;■ forming a first connection for each outermost segment of the first group of segments, suchthat each outermost segment of said first group is connected to a first connection of the power source;■ forming a first connection for each outermost segment of the second group of segments, such that each outermost segment of said second group is connected to a second connection of the power source, in particular wherein said second connection differs from the first connection of the power source;■ forming a third connection for at least one segment or a set of segments between the outermost segments from the first group of segments with at least one segment or a set of segments between the outermost segments from the second group of segments.

30. Method according to claim 28 or claim 29, wherein the method comprises:■ Adjusting a resistance value of a resistance which is provided in the third electrical connection.

Images