ROLO DE TRABALHO PARA LAMINAÇÃO DE UM PRODUTO METÁLICO, SUPORTE DE LAMINAÇÃO, MÉTODO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE UM ROLO DE TRABALHO E USO DE UM ROLO DE TRABALHO

Description

1 / 50 Work roll for metal product lamination, lamination support, production method. FROM A WORK ROLLER AND USE OF A WORK ROLLER

[001] The present invention relates to a work roll for rolling a metal product, in particular for rolling a metal strip, comprising a base body made of metal and a wear protection layer disposed at least in regions on the base body, wherein the wear protection layer is a thermal protection layer against splashes.

[002] The invention also relates to a roll holder.

[003] The invention also relates to a metal strip that is cold rolled using a work roll.

[004] The invention also relates to a method for producing a work roll.

[005] In addition, the invention relates to the use of a work roller.

[006] Generic work rolls and methods for producing such work rolls are known from the prior art.

[007] In order to increase the service life of these work rolls, such work rolls are provided with a suitable wear protection layer on their surface, which simultaneously makes it possible to generate a defined surface texture on a strip.

[008] For the specific design of a wear protection layer, several influencing factors must be observed, as a wear protection layer in combination with high loads in a rolling process may also exhibit various wear features.

[009] Normally, a protective layer against wear Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 6 / 128 2 / 50 adequate includes a hard chrome coating, which, however, is also prone to microcracking, which, in turn, can have a detrimental effect on service life and corrosion resistance. In the production of known chrome wear protection layers, particularly in the production of hard chrome layers, hexavalent chromium (Cr-6) has been used until now. In the meantime, Cr-6 has been shown to be carcinogenic and / or mutagenic.

[0010] There are different methods for applying a wear protection layer to a work roller.

[0011] The invention is based on the objective of offering an improvement or an alternative to the previous technique.

[0012] According to a first aspect, the object of the invention is achieved by a work roll for rolling a metal product, in particular for rolling a metal strip, comprising a base body made of metal and a wear protection layer disposed at least in regions on the base body, wherein the wear protection layer is a thermal protection layer against splashes, wherein the wear protection layer has a grain size of less than or equal to 50 µm, preferably less than or equal to 45 µm and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 30 µm or less than or equal to 20 µm.

[0013] Smaller grain sizes offer a number of advantages with regard to the wear protection layer and therefore also with regard to the working roll in question.

[0014] The smaller the grain size in the wear protection layer, the thinner the layer thickness that can be formed, for example.

[0015] For example, in order to still ensure sufficient roughness in the wear protection layer, it is advantageous for the wear protection layer to have a larger grain size. Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 7 / 128 3 / 50 or equal to 2 pm, preferably greater than or equal to 5 pm.

[0016] For more advantageous values ​​regarding the grain size of the wear protection layer and the properties associated with the wear protection layer, see Table 1 below.

[0017] In the context of the invention, the term grain size describes the average diameter or average area in a micrograph of the crystallites (grains) within a polycrystalline metal. The grain size of the wear protection layer now proposed results from the thermal spraying, in particular, of a particle size of a starting material to provide the coating material to generate the wear protection layer. In particular, the term grain size correlates strongly with the particle size of powder particles of a powder for the starting material.

[0018] The term delamination describes, in particular, an unintentional detachment of the protective wear layer from the surface of the base body.

[0019] The term element distribution in the sense of the invention describes the volumetric ratio of hard phase and matrix, the volumetric ratio being determined, for example, after coating the base body by means of microscopy.

[0020] The term matrix, or matrix material, in the sense of the invention, is a structure of a protective layer against wear that is applied.

[0021] In this context, a hard phase is incorporated or floated into a softer material of the wear protection layer, in particular into a softer matrix or into a softer matrix material of the wear protection layer.

[0022] The hard phases suitable for the protective layer Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 8 / 128 4 / 50 against wear can be, in particular, hard oxide phases, carbide or boride, which advantageously have high hardness. For example, a compound of silicon and carbon, which forms silicon carbide (SiC), can be used.

[0023] The term adhesive tensile strength describes, in this document, the resilience against an adhesion acting on the wear protection layer.

[0024] In this document, adhesion is the adhesive capacity of the wear protection layer on the base body of the work roller.

[0025] In this context, the term cohesion, which will be mentioned later, describes the ability of individual layers or coating layers to adhere to each other within the wear protection layer.

[0026] The term phase generally describes, in this document, a state of one or more elements. In particular, an intermetallic phase describes a compound, in particular a homogeneous chemical compound, of at least two metals.

[0027] The grain size of the wear protection layer, in particular the average grain size of a hard phase of the wear protection layer, in particular the average grain size of the hard phase elements of the wear protection layer, affects a number of properties of the wear protection layer. The grain size can be influenced by the process parameters of thermal spraying of the wear protection layer, in particular by the average diameter of the powder used.

[0028] Among other things, grain size can have an advantageous influence on the homogeneity of the wear protection layer, in particular on the homogeneity of the distribution of coating elements within the wear protection layer, Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 9 / 128 5 / 50, in particular, regarding the distribution of hard phase elements within the wear protection layer, as well as the homogeneity of the wear protection layer thickness. Tests showed that the aforementioned homogeneity can be improved by decreasing the grain size.

[0029] Furthermore, the roughness Ra, in particular the arithmetic value of average roughness Ra, of the wear protection layer can be influenced by the grain size. In particular, a lower value for the arithmetic value of average roughness Ra of a thermally sprayed and subsequently non-post-processed wear protection layer can be obtained with a smaller grain size.

[0030] The residual stress in the wear protection layer can be influenced by grain size, wherein the residual stress can also be increased in the wear protection layer with a smaller grain size, where it has been shown that higher residual stresses in the wear protection layer can lead to an improvement in adhesive tensile strength, which can reduce the risk of delamination of the wear protection layer from the base body of the work roll, on the one hand, due to a smaller grain size. Furthermore, delamination resistance is also influenced by the influence of grain size on the porosity of the wear protection layer. Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 10 / 128 6 / 50 Grain size (pm) Roughness of the wear protection layer (kg) Roughness of a rolled product (strip) (kg) Residual stresses (nb) Porosity (kg) Hardness (kg) Number of peaks in the wear protection layer (kg) Homogeneity (thickness) (nb) Element distribution (homogeneity) (nb) Adhesive tensile strength (nb) Delamination resistance (nb) 2 5 4 8 1 10 10 10 10 8 7 5 5 5 6 1 10 10 10 10 9 7 7 5 5 5 1 10 10 10 10 9 7 8 5 5 5 1 10 10 10 10 10 8 10 5 6 4 1 10 10 10 10 10 8 12 5 6 4 2 10 10 10 10 10 8 15 5 6 4 2 10 10 10 10 10 8 17 6 ​​7 4 2 10 9 10 10 10 9 20 6 7 4 2 10 9 9 10 10 9 22 7 8 3 2 9 9 9 10 9 9 26 7 8 3 3 9 8 9 10 9 9 28 8 9 3 3 9 8 9 10 9 9 30 9 10 2 3 9 7 8 10 8 9 33 9 10 2 3 9 7 8 9 8 9 35 8 10 2 4 9 7 8 9 8 9 36 8 10 2 4 8 7 7 8 7 9 38 9 10 2 4 8 6 7 8 7 9 40 10 10 2 4 8 6 7 8 7 9 43 10 10 2 5 8 6 7 7 7 10 45 10 10 1 6 7 5 6 7 7 10 47 10 10 1 7 7 5 5 7 7 10 50 10 10 1 8 6 5 4 6 6 10

[0031] Tab. 1: Grain size of the protective layer against Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 11 / 128 7 / 50 wear (pm): Roughness of the wear protection layer, roughness of a product (strip) processed with the work roll, residual stresses in the wear protection layer and / or in the base body, porosity, hardness, number of peaks, homogeneity, in particular homogeneity of the distribution of coating elements within the wear protection layer, as well as homogeneity of the thickness of the wear protection layer, distribution of the (coating) elements, adhesive tensile strength and delamination resistance (each rated between 0 and 10 with the individual scales ranging from lowest possible (0) to highest possible (10) (scale designation: kg), as well as neutral (0) and best possible (10) (scale designation: nb))

[0032] On the other hand, the grain size achieved within a wear protection layer can also influence the kinetics of the coating material when applied to the base body surface, as well as the temperature of the coating material particles during the thermal spraying method. The larger the average powder diameter and therefore the larger the grain size of the wear protection layer, the lower the particle velocity and the lower the adhesion capacity with constant heat transfer, which means that the adhesive tensile strength of the wear protection layer may decrease again with increasing grain size.

[0033] By means of thermal spraying of a wear protection layer, it was demonstrated that, with the increase in the average diameter of the powder used and, therefore, with the increase in the grain size of the wear protection layer, fewer particles of the powder used remain adhered, which can also affect the homogeneity of the distribution of elements.

[0034] The greater the thermal energy of the dust particles during Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 12 / 128 8 / 50 the thermal spraying of the wear protection layer, the greater the risk of unwanted precipitation of elemental tungsten particles and / or precipitation of ditungsten carbide W2C.

[0035] In addition to influencing roughness and residual stresses, grain size can also influence the porosity of the wear protection layer; in particular, a larger grain size can increase the porosity of the wear protection layer, which can reduce the hardness of the wear protection layer.

[0036] Furthermore, grain size can also influence the number of peaks in a wear protection layer and, relatedly, also the roughness of a metal strip treated with the working roll, so that the ideal number of peaks can be achieved in an average range of the grain size now considered, so that the roughness of a metal strip treated with the working roll can also assume ideal values ​​in an average range of the grain size now considered.

[0037] Preferably, the wear protection layer has a chromium content of less than or equal to 90% by weight, preferably less than or equal to 60% by weight and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 30% by weight.

[0038] For more advantageous values ​​for the chromium ratio of the wear-protection layer and the properties associated with the wear-protection layer, see Table 2.

[0039] The present wear protection layer serves to protect the work roller from wear.

[0040] If the wear protection layer is applied as proposed, it will be possible to ensure improved wear resistance of the base body of the work roller.

[0041] On the other hand, the risk of critical carcinogenic and / or mutagenic interactions with living beings, especially workers or Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 13 / 128 9 / 50 operators, can be eliminated or at least significantly reduced.

[0042] By means of the proposed wear protection layer, the work roll, but specifically also the wear protection layer itself, can be provided as chrome-free as possible, preferably entirely, in particular hard chrome, which was previously predominantly required for wear protection layers, and in fact with at least the same, or even better, qualitative properties, such as better surface quality, better service life and even better properties of the work roll, as will be described in more detail below.

[0043] In any case, the wear protection layer makes it possible to guarantee a consistent roughness on the surface of the work roll for the maximum possible duration, which influences desired target factors for the metal product to be rolled in the most consistent way possible in a rolling process, such as, in particular, roughness and texture or smoothness of a metal product surface to be produced, in particular of a metal strip to be produced.

[0044] In particular, a properly designed wear protection layer for a work roller alone fulfills the objective of the invention.

[0045] First of all, it should also be noted that, in this document, in the context of the present patent application, indefinite articles and indefinite numerical indications such as one..., two... etc. should normally be understood as indications of at least, i.e., as at least one..., at least two... etc., unless it does not follow approximately from the context or the specific text of a definite point that approximately exactly one..., exactly two... etc. are understood.

[0046] At this point, it should be mentioned that, in the context of Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 14 / 128 10 / 50 of the present patent application, the expression in particular should always be understood as the introduction of an optional and preferred feature. The expression should not be understood as in fact and not as namely.

[0047] Preferably, a lower nickel content should be defined, in particular a nickel content of less than or equal to 90% by weight, preferably less than or equal to 60% by weight and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 30% by weight, as wear resistance decreases with increasing nickel content.

[0048] For more advantageous values ​​for the nickel ratio of the wear protection layer and the properties associated with the wear protection layer, see Table 2.

[0049] Other features, effects, advantages, or disadvantages can be interpreted from the representation in Table 2 below: Chromium content (% by weight) Compressive residual stresses (nb) Wear resistance (nb) 90% 8 10 80% 8 10 70% 8 9 60% 7 8 50% 7 7 40% 6 5 30% 4 3 20% 2 2 10% 2 1 5% 1 1 Nickel content (% by weight) Compressive residual stresses (nb) Wear resistance (nb) 90% 0 0 80% 0 2 70% 2 4 60% 3 6 60% 4 7 40% 4 8 30% 5 9 20% 5 9 10% 6 10 5% 6 10

[0050] Table 2: Chromium and / or nickel ratio (% by weight): Compressive residual stresses and wear resistance (each Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 15 / 128 11 / 50 classified between 0 and 10 with individual scales ranging from smallest possible (0) to largest possible (10) (scale designation: kg), as well as neutral (0) and best possible (10) (scale designation: nb))

[0051] As can be interpreted from Table 2, the wear resistance of the wear protection layer can be improved with a higher chromium ratio and / or a lower nickel ratio, while mutagenic and / or carcinogenic effects on the environment can be improved or avoided with a lower chromium ratio and a lower nickel ratio.

[0052] Tests have shown that the selection of the chromium and / or nickel ratio for the wear protection layer influences the resulting residual stresses on the wear protection layer, and in the context of this description, the term residual stress always means compressive residual stress, unless explicitly stated otherwise.

[0053] The level of compressive residual stresses in the wear protection layer can also support the wear resistance of the wear protection layer. By accumulating compressive residual stresses in the wear protection layer, it is possible to achieve that the wear protection layer adheres advantageously to the base body, which ultimately can also improve the layer's stability and / or layer quality, in particular the adhesive tensile strength, so that the adhesive tensile strength of the wear protection layer can be advantageously influenced, in particular, by a decaying nickel ratio.

[0054] Furthermore, any microcracks that occur in the wear protection layer can be closed again by compressive residual stresses in the wear protection layer, whereby any cracking growth of the microcracks Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, p. 16 / 128 12 / 50 can be advantageously reduced or avoided.

[0055] Tests have shown that the level of observable residual stresses in a wear protection layer can increase with increasing chromium ratio in the wear protection layer, while it can decrease with increasing nickel ratio in the wear protection layer.

[0056] Furthermore, it is advantageous that the wear protection layer has an outer surface with an arithmetic mean roughness value Ra greater than or equal to 0.01 pm, preferably greater than or equal to 0.5 pm and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 1.5 pm, and / or that the wear protection layer has an outer surface with an arithmetic mean roughness value Ra less than or equal to 17 pm, preferably less than or equal to 10 pm and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 6 pm.

[0057] For more advantageous values ​​for the arithmetic value of average roughness Ra of the outer surface of the wear protection layer and the properties associated with the wear protection layer, see Table 3.

[0058] By means of the roughness values ​​now indicated, the Ra roughness of the wear protection layer of the present work roll can be individually adjusted to the requirements of the present product to be treated, which, in turn, allows the Ra roughness on the product surface to be determined almost arbitrarily, in particular the surface roughness of a strip material. In other words, this allows the Ra roughness of the rolling side of the wear protection layer of the product to be sold to be adjusted.

[0059] The possibility of a specific determination of a product's surface roughness is particularly advantageous with regard to various product properties, such as the ability to Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 17 / 128 13 / 50 lacquering of a product, the tactile feel of a product, the embossing and / or pressing behavior of a product, the ability to adjust lamination forces or similar. Average roughness value Ra(pm) Roughness adjustability of a rolled article (strip) (nb) Lacquering capability of a rolled article (strip) (nb) Texture of a rolled article (strip) (nb) Relief and pressing behavior of a rolled article (strip) (nb) Adjustability of rolling forces (nb) Porosity of the wear protection layer (nb) 0.01 4 8 6 1 5 10 0.4 6 8 8 5 8 10 0.8 7 10 9 7 9 9 1.6 10 10 10 10 10 9 3.2 10 10 10 10 10 8 5.0 10 10 10 10 10 8 5.6 8 9 9 9 10 7 6.3 8 8 8 8 10 7 7.1 8 7 7 7 9 7 8.0 7 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 5 5 5 5 5 12.5 6 4 4 4 5 4 17.0 6 2 2 2 5 3

[0060] Tab. 3: Average roughness value Ra (pm) on the outer side of the wear protection layer: Roughness adjustability of a rolled article, lacquering ability of a rolled article, texture of a rolled article, embossing and pressing behavior of a rolled article, adjustability of rolling forces and porosity of the wear protection layer (each rated between 0 and 10 with individual scales between the lowest possible (0) and the highest possible (10) (scale designation: kg), as well Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 18 / 128 14 / 50 as neutral (0) and best possible (10) (scale designation: nb))

[0061] Furthermore, there is an interaction between the arithmetic value of average roughness Ra of the wear protection layer surface and the attainable porosity of the wear protection layer.

[0062] A generic work roll can be advantageously developed using only features related to the arithmetic value of average roughness, such that relevant features or combinations of features are already advantageous without other features of the invention.

[0063] A smaller value for the arithmetic value of average roughness The outer surface of the wear protection layer can lead to a better texture of the work roll and of the strip material laminated with the work roll, and to an advantageous adjustability of the lamination forces.

[0064] A median value (see Table 3) for the arithmetic value of average roughness Ra of the outer surface of the wear protection layer can contribute to ideal conditions for the lacquering capability of a metal product rolled with the work roll.

[0065] Higher values ​​(see Table 3) for the arithmetic value of average roughness Ra of the outer surface of the wear protection layer can improve relief and / or pressing behavior, as well as the adhesion of a strip coating to the rolled metal product with the work roll.

[0066] It has been shown that wear protection layers with a low value (see Table 3) for the arithmetic value of average roughness Ra of the outer surface of the wear protection layer contribute to a lower porosity of the wear protection layer, so that, with low values ​​for the value Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 19 / 128 15 / 50 arithmetic mean roughness Ra, the adhesive tensile strength of the wear protection layer, which depends on the porosity of the wear protection layer, can also be improved.

[0067] In particular preference, the wear protection layer has a tungsten carbide (WC) ratio of 50% by weight or more, preferably a ratio of 60% by weight or more, and in particular preference, of 70% by weight or more.

[0068] In the context of this application, tungsten carbide (WC) is explicitly understood to mean monotungsten carbide (WC).

[0069] Due to a weight ratio of tungsten carbide in the wear protection layer, particularly as a component of a hard phase of the wear protection layer, the hardness of the wear protection layer can be advantageously increased, while a higher ratio of monotungsten carbide (WC) in the wear protection layer further increases the hardness of the wear protection layer.

[0070] The wear protection layer may advantageously have a tungsten carbide (WC) ratio of 2% by weight or more, preferably 20% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 25% by weight or more, or 30% by weight or more. Further advantageously, the wear protection layer may have a tungsten carbide (WC) ratio of 40% by weight or more, preferably 45% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 65% ​​by weight or more, or 70% by weight or more. Particularly advantageously, the wear protection layer may have a tungsten carbide (WC) ratio of 75% by weight or more, preferably 80% by weight or more, and particularly preferably... Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, p. 20 / 128 16 / 50 greater than or equal to 85% by weight or greater than or equal to 87% by weight.

[0071] The wear protection layer can be further improved if the wear protection layer has a tungsten precipitation ratio, in particular elemental tungsten (W) and / or ditungsten carbide (W2C), with a ratio less than or equal to 50% by weight, preferably less than or equal to 33% by weight and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 10% by weight or less than or equal to 5% by weight.

[0072] For more advantageous values ​​for the weight ratio of tungsten precipitates in the wear protection layer and the properties associated with the wear protection layer, see Table 4.

[0073] Precipitation of tungsten in the form of elemental tungsten (W) and / or ditungsten carbide (W2C) can be generated by the degradation of tungsten carbide (WC). Tungsten precipitation (% by weight) Embrittlement (kg) Wear resistance (nb) Break toughness (nb) Adhesive tensile strength (nb) Service life (nb) Hardness (kg) Layer adhesion (nb) 5 0 10 10 10 8 4 10 8 1 10 10 10 8 5 10 10 2 8 7 7 6 5 8 20 5 6 6 6 6 6 5 33 8 5 5 5 4 8 2 40 10 5 5 5 4 10 1 50 10 4 4 4 2 10 1

[0074] Tab. 4: Precipitation of tungsten (elemental tungsten and / or ditungsten carbide W2C) in the wear protection layer (% by weight): Embrittlement, wear resistance, Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 21 / 128 17 / 50 tensile strength, adhesive tensile strength, service life, hardness and layer adhesion, respectively, of the wear protection layer (each rated between 0 and 10 with individual scales ranging from lowest possible (0) to highest possible (10) (scale designation: kg), as well as neutral (0) and best possible (10) (scale designation: nb))

[0075] Tungsten precipitates in the wear protection layer, particularly in the form of elemental tungsten (W) and / or ditungsten carbide (W2C), can contribute to a weakening of the wear protection layer, such that the wear resistance of the wear protection layer, the breaking toughness of the wear protection layer and / or the adhesive tensile strength of the wear protection layer can be reduced with increasing tungsten precipitation rate. Overall, a higher tungsten precipitation rate in the wear protection layer can reduce its service life.

[0076] However, it should also be noted that a higher percentage by weight of tungsten precipitation, for example, can increase the hardness of the wear protection layer.

[0077] Furthermore, the rate of tungsten precipitation within the wear protection layer may influence the adhesion of the layer between adjacent individual layers, particularly overlapping, and not simultaneously applied layers of the wear protection layer, wherein the layer adhesion may decrease with an increasing rate of tungsten precipitation.

[0078] In this regard, it is important to ensure that the wear protection layer has a balanced % by weight ratio of tungsten precipitation.

[0079] Only by means of the tungsten precipitation ratio, in particular the precipitation of elemental tungsten (W) and / or carbide Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 22 / 128 18 / 50 ditungsten (W2C), a generic work roll can be advantageously developed, such that relevant features or combinations of features are already advantageous without the other features of the invention.

[0080] It is also advantageous for the wear protection layer to have a layer thickness greater than or equal to 2 µm, preferably greater than or equal to 5 µm and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 10 µm, and / or with a layer thickness less than or equal to 80 µm, preferably less than or equal to 40 µm and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 15 µm.

[0081] For more advantageous values ​​for the thickness of the wear protection layer and the properties associated with the wear protection layer, see Table 5.

[0082] By using the values ​​mentioned above for the thickness of the wear protection layer, it is possible to obtain a particularly robust wear protection layer.

[0083] It should be noted that layers selected to be thinner lead to lower cohesive forces. This increases the adhesion effect in relation to the wear protection layer. Tests have shown that this can lead to improved wear behavior, reduced delamination resistance and increased impact resistance, where particularly small values ​​for the thickness of the wear protection layer show a reversal of the trend for delamination resistance and / or impact resistance of the wear protection layer.

[0084] The cause for this trend reversal may be the decreasing manifestation of the magnitude values ​​of residual stresses in the wear protection layer, resulting from smaller values ​​of the thickness of the wear protection layer, since it has been shown that resistance to delamination can increase with the Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 23 / 128 19 / 50 increase in residual stress values ​​in the wear protection layer.

[0085] Furthermore, with lower values ​​for the layer thickness, it is possible to obtain a more homogeneous distribution of the elements in the wear protection layer and an improved distribution of the individual metallurgical phases within the wear protection layer. Tests have shown that the homogeneity of the distribution of the elements in the wear protection layer decreases with increasing layer thickness values.

[0086] Regarding the precipitation of elemental tungsten (W) and / or ditungsten carbide W2C, tests showed that these increase with increasing layer thickness. During the application of the wear protection layer, a thinner wear protection layer can lead to lower maximum values ​​for the temperature within the wear protection layer, as a thinner wear protection layer can cool more quickly on both the base body side and the side of the wear protection layer facing away from the base body. The maximum temperature of the wear protection layer during the thermal spraying process favors the precipitation of elemental tungsten (W) and / or ditungsten carbide W2C with increasing values.Furthermore, it has been shown that the cooling rate of the wear protection layer during the thermal spraying process of the wear protection layer can reduce the precipitation of elemental tungsten (W) and / or ditungsten carbide W2C with increasing cooling rate values.

[0087] Furthermore, it was observed that, with increasing values ​​of the thickness of the wear protection layer, the values ​​of the minimum achievable arithmetic roughness of the surface of the protective layer also increased. Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 24 / 128 20 / 50 wear resistance may increase and / or result in a progressive deterioration of the homogeneity of the wear protection layer thickness distribution, so that higher values ​​for the wear protection layer thickness may also contribute to greater post-processing effort of the wear protection layer until its designated application. Layer thickness (pm) Cohesive strength (kg) Wear resistance (nb) Delamination resistance (nb) Element distribution (homogeneity) (nb) Residual stresses (kg) Impact resistance (nb) Tungsten precipitation (nb) Phase distribution (nb) 80 10 6 4 2 8 6 10 5 60 10 7 5 3 8 7 9 6 50 10 8 6 4 9 7 8 6 40 10 9 8 5 10 8 7 8 20 9 10 10 7 10 9 6 10 15 8 10 10 8 10 9 5 9 10 6 10 10 9 10 10 4 9 8 4 10 10 10 9 10 3 8 5 2 9 10 10 8 8 3 8

[0088] Tab. 5: Wear layer thickness (pm): Cohesive strength, wear resistance, delamination resistance, element distribution (homogeneity), residual stresses, impact resistance, tungsten precipitation and phase distribution, respectively, of the wear layer (each rated between 0 and 10 with individual scales ranging from lowest possible (0) to highest possible (10) (scale designation: kg), as well as neutral (0) and best possible (10) (scale designation: nb)) Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 25 / 128 21 / 50

[0089] A generic work roller can be advantageously developed simply by means of a suitable selection of the thickness of the wear protection layer, such that relevant features or combinations of features are already advantageous without other features of the invention.

[0090] It is even more advantageous if the wear protection layer has an adhesive tensile strength with a tensile strength value greater than or equal to 60 N / mm2, preferably greater than or equal to 70 NW and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 80 NW or greater than or equal to 100 N / mm2.

[0091] By performing an adhesive tensile test, it is possible to determine whether the tested wear protection layer was completely, partially, or not chipped after the test with a tensile force applied to the wear protection layer in the normal direction. Therefore, adhesive tensile strength is understood as the value of a tensile force at which the wear protection layer did not chip at the point tested. Consequently, higher values ​​for adhesive tensile strength are advantageous for the delamination resistance of the wear protection layer.

[0092] In an additionally advantageous manner, the wear protection layer has an adhesive tensile strength with an adhesive tensile strength value greater than or equal to 55 N / mm2, preferably greater than or equal to 65 N / mm2 and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 75 N / mm2 or greater than or equal to 90 N / mm2.

[0093] A generic work roller can be advantageously developed solely through the adhesion strength of the wear protection layer, such that relevant features or combinations of features are already advantageous without other features of the invention.

[0094] In addition, it is advantageous that the protective layer against Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, p. 26 / 128 22 / 50 wear has porosity with a porosity value less than or equal to 1%, preferably less than or equal to 0.5%, and with particular preference, less than or equal to 0.1%.

[0095] For more advantageous values ​​for the porosity of the wear protection layer and the properties associated with the wear protection layer, see Table 6. Porosity (%) Quality of the protective layer against wear (nb) Corrosion resistance (nb) Delamination resistance (nb) Roughness (nb) Hardness (kg) Residual stresses (nb) Number of peaks (nb) 1 1 4 3 4 5 5 6 0.9 3 5 4 4 5 6 6 0.8 5 6 5 5 6 7 6 0.7 6 7 0 9 10 10 8

[0096] Tab. 6: Porosity of the wear protection layer (%)): Quality, corrosion resistance, delamination resistance, surface roughness, hardness, residual stresses and number of peaks, respectively, of the wear protection layer (each rated between 0 and 10 with individual scales ranging from lowest possible (0) to highest possible (10) (scale designation: kg), as well as neutral (0) and best possible (10) (scale designation: nb)) Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 27 / 128 23 / 50

[0097] The term porosity in this document describes the number and / or size of pores in the wear protection layer, which is expressed as a percentage (%). This number can be determined, for example, by means of an optical evaluation or by means of a permeation test, in which the displacement of water from the wear protection layer and / or the work roll next to the wear protection layer is examined under the influence of a vacuum.

[0098] Tests have shown that the overall quality of the wear protection layer of a work roll with respect to the required properties of a work roll, in particular corrosion resistance, delamination resistance and hardness, can be improved by decreasing the porosity of the wear protection layer.

[0099] In particular, the corrosion resistance of the wear protection layer can be improved by decreasing the porosity values.

[00100] The tensile strength of the adhesive coating or the resistance to delamination of the wear protection layer can also be positively influenced by lower values ​​for the porosity of the wear protection layer.

[00101] The hardness of the wear protection layer can also be increased by decreasing porosity values.

[00102] Small values ​​for the roughness of the outer surface of the wear protection layer can be advantageously achieved, in particular with a low value for porosity, in particular by the additive application of the wear protection layer by means of a thermal spraying method and / or by the subtractive removal of an outer layer of the wear protection layer.

[00103] Achievable values ​​for residual stress in the wear protection layer can also be increased by low porosity values. Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 28 / 128 24 / 50

[00104] It has also been shown that a higher number of peaks can be achieved with a low porosity of the wear protection layer, in particular with an EDT texturing method in which the surface of the wear protection layer can be textured by means of spark erosion.

[00105] A generic work roller can be advantageously developed solely through the porosity of the wear protection layer, such that relevant features or combinations of features are already advantageous without other features of the invention.

[00106] Furthermore, it is advantageous for the wear protection layer to have a permeability value of less than or equal to 1 Barrer, preferably less than or equal to 0.5 Barrer and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 0.1 Barrer.

[00107] For more advantageous values ​​for the permeability of the wear protection layer and the properties associated with the wear protection layer, see Table 7.

[00108] The permeability of the wear protection layer can also influence its quality. Thus, a better quality of the wear protection layer can be achieved if the wear protection layer has low permeability, in particular low gas permeability in Barrer.

[00109] Tests have shown that the overall quality of the wear protection layer of a work roll with respect to the required properties of a work roll, in particular corrosion resistance, delamination resistance and hardness, can be improved by decreasing the permeability of the wear protection layer.

[00110] In particular, the corrosion resistance of the wear protection layer can be improved by decreasing the values Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, p. 29 / 128 25 / 50 permeability.

[00111] The adhesive tensile strength or delamination resistance of the wear protection layer can also be positively influenced by lower values ​​for the permeability of the wear protection layer.

[00112] The hardness of the wear protection layer can also be increased by decreasing permeability values.

[00113] The term permeability in this document describes the permeability of the wear protection layer, which can be determined primarily by the number of traversable or open pores in the wear protection layer, in particular pores through which gas can flow.

[00114] A generic work roller can be advantageously developed solely through the permeability of the wear protection layer, such that relevant features or combinations of features are already advantageous without other features of the invention. Permeability (Barrer) Quality of the protective layer against wear (nb) Corrosion resistance (nb) Delamination resistance (nb) Roughness (kg) Hardness (kg) Residual stresses (nb) Number of peaks (nb) 1 1 4 3 4 5 5 6 0.9 3 5 4 4 5 6 6 0.8 5 6 5 4 6 7 6 0.7 6 7 6 3 7 7 7 0.6 7 8 6 3 8 8 7 0.5 8 8 7 3 9 8 7 Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 30 / 128 26 / 50 0.4 9 9 7 3 9 9 7 0.3 10 9 8 2 10 9 8 0.2 10 10 9 2 10 9 8 0.1 10 10 10 1 10 10 8

[00115] Tab. 7: Permeability of the wear protection layer (Barrer): Quality, corrosion resistance, delamination resistance, surface roughness, hardness, residual stresses and peak number, respectively, of the wear protection layer (each rated between 0 and 10 with individual scales ranging from lowest possible (0) to highest possible (10) (scale designation: kg), as well as neutral (0) and best possible (10) (scale designation: nb))

[00116] It is advantageous for the wear protection layer to have a layer hardness value greater than or equal to 800 HV, preferably greater than or equal to 1,000 HV and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 1,100 HV, and / or a layer hardness value less than or equal to 1,600 HV, preferably less than or equal to 1,500 HV and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 1,400 HV.

[00117] For more advantageous values ​​for the hardness of the wear protection layer, measured in Vickers, which can be measured by means of a macro-identification method, and the properties associated with the wear protection layer, see Table 8. Layer Hardness (HV) Wear Resistance (nb) Adhesive Tensile Strength (nb) 1600 10 2 1500 10 3 1400 8 5 Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 31 / 128 27 / 50 1200 6 6 1100 6 8 1000 5 10 800 4 10

[00118] Tab. 8: Hardness of the wear protection layer (HV): Wear resistance and adhesive tensile strength, respectively, of the wear protection layer (each rated between 0 and 10 with individual scales ranging from lowest possible (0) to highest possible (10) (scale designation: kg), as well as neutral (0) and best possible (10) (scale designation: nb))

[00119] The wear resistance of the wear protection layer can be advantageously influenced or improved by means of the hardness values ​​indicated herein.

[00120] However, tests have shown that the harder a layer of the wear protection layer is, the lower the adhesive tensile strength of the wear protection layer will be, especially with regard to adhesion to the base body of the work roll.

[00121] Furthermore, it should be noted that, by selecting the layer hardness, the residual stresses that occur in the wear protection layer can be advantageously influenced, as well as the Ra roughness of the wear protection layer surface.

[00122] In particular, the hard phase ratio to the matrix, ditungsten carbide (W2C) precipitation, porosity and / or permeability influence the hardness of the wear protection layer of the work roll.

[00123] Furthermore, the interactions between layer hardness and the number of peaks in the wear protection layer, the porosity of the wear protection layer, and the homogeneity of the wear protection layer can be advantageously used. Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 32 / 128 28 / 50

[00124] A generic work roller can be advantageously developed solely by means of the selected layer hardness for the wear protection layer, such that relevant features or combinations of features are already advantageous without other features of the invention.

[00125] Furthermore, it is advantageous that the wear protection layer have a deviation of less than or equal to 40% of a weight ratio of a coating element, calculated on average over a total number of analysis points, in more than or equal to 80% of a number of analysis points, preferably in more than or equal to 90% of a number of analysis points and, with particular preference, in more than or equal to 95% of a number of analysis points, preferably a deviation of less than or equal to 30% and, with particular preference, a deviation of less than or equal to 20%, wherein the total number of analysis points is greater than or equal to 5, preferably greater than or equal to 15 and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 25, in particular the coating element is one of the elements tungsten carbide (WC), aluminum oxide (AlO3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), chromium carbide (CrsC2, C7C3 and / or C23C6) or vanadium carbide (VC).

[00126] For more advantageous values ​​for the maximum deviation of a weight ratio of a coating element within the wear protection layer (homogeneity of the distribution of the coating elements) and the qualitatively evaluated properties associated with the wear protection layer, see Table 9.

[00127] The properties of the wear protection layer can also be advantageously influenced by the homogeneity of the distribution of the elements.

[00128] With the aid of analysis of the homogeneity of the distribution of elements, the chemical composition of the elements, in particular, can Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 33 / 128 29 / 50 can be determined locally. In this case, both qualitative and quantitative analyses are possible.

[00129] Such related determination can be carried out by means of microanalytical methods, such as, for example, EDX analysis (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). Advantageous coating composition experiments can be performed by means of EDX analysis. Even unknown materials or impurities in relation to chemical elements can be analyzed in the existing wear protection layer. Layer thickness measurements relating to the wear protection layer can also be performed. Deviation (% of the average weight ratio) Homogeneity of the hard phase distribution in the matrix (nb) Hardness (nb) Porosity (kg) Residual (compressive) stress (kg) Delamination resistance (nb) Layer thickness homogeneity (nb) 40 1 6 5 8 4 3 35 2 6 5 8 5 4 30 3 7 5 9 5 5 25 4 7 5 9 6 6 20 5 8 4 9 6 7 15 6 8 4 9 7 8 10 7 9 3 10 8 9 5 8 9 3 10 9 9 2.5 9 10 2 10 9 10 1 10 10 1 10 10 10

[00130] Table 9: Homogeneity of element distribution (qualitatively): Homogeneity of distribution between hard phase and matrix, hardness, porosity, residual (compressive) stress, resistance to Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 34 / 128 30 / 50 delamination and homogeneity of the wear layer thickness, respectively, of the protective layer (each rated between 0 and 10 with individual scales ranging from lowest possible (0) to highest possible (10) (scale designation: kg), as well as neutral (0) and best possible (10) (scale designation: nb))

[00131] In general, it can be stated that the more heterogeneous a starting material is when it is fed into the thermal spraying process, the more heterogeneous the resulting wear protection layer will be and, therefore, also the ratio between hard phase in matrix of the wear protection layer, which influences several properties of the wear protection layer.

[00132] The more heterogeneous the hard phase / matrix ratio, the lower the usable hardness of the wear protection layer. Furthermore, with increased heterogeneity between the hard phase and the matrix, more defects occur, which increases the porosity of the wear protection layer.

[00133] With the homogeneity of the distribution of the coating elements in the wear protection layer, the usable level of residual stresses that occur in the wear protection layer is also reduced.

[00134] As a result, a decreasing homogeneity of the distribution of the coating elements also leads to a reduction in the adhesive tensile strength of the wear protection layer, which decreases, in particular, due to an increase in porosity and / or a decrease in a minimum level of residual stress.

[00135] Last but not least, an increase in the heterogeneity of the distribution of coating elements in the wear protection layer can also cause heterogeneity in the thickness of the wear protection layer.

[00136] A generic work roll can be advantageously Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 35 / 128 31 / 50 developed solely through the homogeneity of the wear protection layer, such that relevant features or combinations of features are already advantageous without other features of the invention.

[00137] Furthermore, properties of the presented wear protection layer may be influenced if the wear protection layer has a thickness deviation of less than or equal to 20% of a wear protection layer thickness calculated on average over a total number of measurement points in more than or equal to 80% of a number of measurement points, preferably in more than or equal to 90% of a number of measurement points and, with particular preference, in more than or equal to 95% of a number of measurement points, preferably a deviation of less than or equal to 10% and, with particular preference, a deviation of less than or equal to 5%, where the total number of measurement points is greater than or equal to 10, preferably greater than or equal to 25 and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 40.

[00138] Preferably, the wear protection layer has a thickness tolerance of less than or equal to 1 µm, preferably less than or equal to 0.5 µm and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 0.2 µm.

[00139] Homogeneity of layer thickness is a particularly advantageous property of a wear protection layer. In other words, a wavy surface on a wear protection layer is generally undesirable, but only in special cases. Consequently, for a large number of work roll configurations, a wear protection layer with homogeneous thickness and / or only small thickness deviations is advantageous.

[00140] Preferably, the wear protection layer has a thickness tolerance of less than or equal to 2 µm, preferably Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 36 / 128 32 / 50 less than or equal to 0.75 pm and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 0.35 pm.

[00141] Through the thickness homogeneity now proposed, in particular the roughness Ra of the wear protection layer and / or the waviness of the wear protection layer can be advantageously influenced.

[00142] A generic work roller can be advantageously developed solely through the design of layer homogeneity, such that relevant features or combinations of features are already advantageous without other features of the invention.

[00143] Furthermore, it is advantageous for the wear protection layer to have a hard phase and a matrix, where the hard phase is incorporated into the matrix.

[00144] Tests have shown that wear-resistant layers comprising a hard phase are particularly wear-resistant and therefore have a longer service life, particularly if at least one hard phase is incorporated into a matrix that is softer relative to the hard phase.

[00145] A hard phase is defined as an incorporation of at least one grain of at least one oxide, carbide and / or boride.

[00146] Particularly advantageously, a hard phase has tungsten carbide (WC), aluminum oxide (Al2U3), zirconium oxide (ZrU2), chromium carbide (in particular Cr3C2, C7C3 and / or Cr23C6), vanadium carbide (VC), silicon carbide (SiC), tungsten boride (WB), chromium oxide (in particular CrO, Cr2U3, CrU2 and / or CrO3), titanium carbide (TiC), titanium oxide (in particular TiO, O2O3 and / or TiO2) and / or molybdenum carbide (in particular Mo2C and / or MoC).

[00147] In addition, it is advantageous for the wear protection layer to have a hard phase and a matrix, in particular a Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, p. 37 / 128 33 / 50 ratio between hard phase and a common layer system consisting of hard phase and matrix, with a ratio value greater than or equal to 40% by volume, preferably greater than or equal to 50% by volume and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 60% by volume, and / or, in particular, with a ratio value between hard phase and the common layer system less than or equal to 90% by volume, preferably less than or equal to 85% by volume and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 80% by volume or less than or equal to 75% by volume. Hard phase / matrix ratio (% by volume) Hardness (kg) Roughness Ra (nb) Thickness (nb) Homogeneity of element distribution (thickness(nb)) Homogeneity of thickness (nb) Number of peaks (nb) Adhesive tensile strength (nb) Residual stresses (kg) Porosity (kg) 40 1 10 8 10 10 6 10 10 1 45 1 10 8 10 9 7 10 10 1 50 2 10 7 9 9 8 9 9 2 55 3 9 6 9 8 9 9 9 2 60 4 9 6 8 7 9 9 8 2 65 5 8 5 8 6 10 8 8 3 70 6 7 5 7 5 10 8 8 3 75 7 6 4 7 5 10 7 7 4 80 8 6 4 7 5 9 7 7 5 85 9 6 3 6 4 9 6 6 5 90 10 4 3 6 4 8 6 5 6

[00148] Tab. 10: Ratio between hard phase and matrix, i.e., the ratio of hard phase to the common layer system consisting of hard phase and matrix: Hardness, roughness Ra, thickness, Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 38 / 128 34 / 50 homogeneity of layer distribution, number of peaks, adhesive tensile strength, residual stresses and porosity, respectively, of the wear protection layer (each rated between 0 and 10 with individual scales ranging from lowest possible (0) to highest possible (10) (scale designation: kg), as well as neutral (0) and best possible (10) (scale designation: nb))

[00149] For more advantageous values ​​for the hard phase to matrix ratio of the wear protection layer and the qualitatively evaluated properties associated with the wear protection layer, see Table 10.

[00150] It must be expressly stressed in this document that the term hard phase to matrix ratio used herein should be understood in a quantitative sense of the ratio of the hard phase in the wear protection layer, i.e., the proportion of the hard phase to the common layer system consisting of hard phase and matrix.

[00151] The hard phase / matrix ratio can be used as a measure of the distribution of elements in the wear protection layer.

[00152] In this sense, it is advantageous for the hard phase and the matrix to be present in an ideal proportion to each other, because the more hard phases there are, the greater the hardness of the wear protection layer.

[00153] Furthermore, the behavior is such that the higher the hard phase ratio, the more particles can project from the wear protection layer, which can influence the Ra roughness of the wear protection layer surface.

[00154] However, the following applies: The softer the wear protection layer, the denser the wear protection layer will be, which in turn means that the final thickness of the wear protection layer can be thinner. Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 39 / 128 35 / 50

[00155] The softer the wear protection layer, that is, the lower the hard phase ratio, the more particles can adhere to the surface, which can influence the homogeneity of the elements and the homogeneity of the thickness of the wear protection layer.

[00156] Other interactions related to the existing hard phase / matrix ratio may occur in the wear protection layer in terms of peak number, adhesion, residual stresses and / or porosity.

[00157] A generic work roll can be advantageously developed solely by means of the hard phase to common layer system consisting of hard phase and matrix ratio, such that relevant features or combinations of features are already advantageous without other features of the invention.

[00158] Particularly advantageously, the wear protection layer has at least one, two, three, four, five, six, seven or more of the elements tungsten carbide (WC), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), chromium carbide (Cr3C2, C7C3 and / or Cr23C6), vanadium carbide (VC), silicon carbide (SiC), tungsten boride (WB), chromium oxide (CrO, Cr2O3, CrO2 and / or CrO3), titanium carbide (TiC), titanium oxide (TiO, Ti2O3 and / or TO2) or molybdenum carbide (Mo2C and / or MoC), in particular, at least one, two, three, four or more of the elements tungsten carbide (WC), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), carbide Chromium (Cr3C2, Cr7C3 and / or Cr23C6) and / or vanadium carbide (VC).

[00159] In particular, additional coating elements can influence the formation and properties of the existing wear protection layer.

[00160] For example, the properties of the entire wear protection layer can be influenced by the following elements of Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 40 / 128 36 / 50 coating, consisting of tungsten carbide (WC), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), chromium carbide (Cr3C2, C7C3 and / or Cr23C6), vanadium carbide (VC), silicon carbide (SiC), tungsten boride (WB), chromium oxide (CrO, Cr2O3, CrO2 and / or CrO3), titanium carbide (TiC), titanium oxide (TiO, Ti2O3 and / or TiO2) or molybdenum carbide (Mo2C and / or MoC), in particular, at least one, two, three, four or more of the elements tungsten carbide (WC), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), chromium carbide (Cr3C2, Cr7C3 and / or Cr23C6) and / or carbide vanadium (VC) in all combinations and compositions.

[00161] Another additional influence on the wear protection layer can occur through the hard phase and the matrix.

[00162] Depending on the coating elements, the ratio between hard phase and matrix can be advantageously defined, as described above.

[00163] Different coating elements are generally characterized by different properties, in particular different hardness, and in this respect, one or more elements of the wear protection layer can advantageously influence its hardness, as well as other properties of the wear protection layer.

[00164] In addition, different coating elements can also influence the residual stresses of the wear protection layer.

[00165] A generic work roller can be advantageously developed simply by selecting one or more elements of the wear protection layer, such that relevant features or combinations of features are already advantageous without other features of the invention.

[00166] It is even more advantageous than the protective layer against Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, p. 41 / 128 37 / 50 wear and / or base body have a compressive residual stress value greater than or equal to -200 N / mm2, preferably greater than or equal to 0 NW and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 200 N / mm2, and / or the wear protection layer and / or base body have a compressive residual stress value less than or equal to 2,000 N / mm2, preferably less than or equal to 1,500 N / mm2 and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 1,000 N / mm2.

[00167] At this point, it should first be noted that negative values ​​for a residual stress or a compressive residual stress should be understood as tensile residual stress.

[00168] By means of the present values, an improvement in the wear resistance of the work roll can be achieved, in particular by a particularly close connection or fixation of the wear protection layer to a coated component, such as the base body of the present work roll. In this sense, an improvement in layer adhesion can be achieved by developing the proposed compressive residual stresses.

[00169] Furthermore, crack formation, in particular microcrack formation, in the wear protection layer can be neutralized by means of appropriate compressive residual stresses.

[00170] Furthermore, any microcracks that occur in the wear protection layer can be closed again by compressive residual stresses in the wear protection layer, whereby any crack growth of the microcracks can be advantageously reduced or avoided. Analogously, tensile residual stresses can support microcrack growth.

[00171] As a rule, layer growth relative to layer Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 42 / 128 38 / 50 wear protection is also negatively influenced by unfavorable tensile residual stresses.

[00172] Furthermore, the adhesive tensile strength of the wear protection layer, the hardness of the wear protection layer, and the final thickness of the wear protection layer can be influenced both negatively and positively by appropriately designed residual stresses, as can be seen below, in particular according to Table 11.

[00173] The available value ranges can be determined in different ways, but preferably by means of the following methods: The ICP sensor monitors the curvature by the Tsui and Clyne mode or Rigaku stress analyzer of the STRAIN-FLEX MSF-2M model, in which compressive residual stresses or residual stresses are measured in N / mm2.

[00174] Other features, effects, advantages, or disadvantages can be interpreted from the representation in Table 11 below: Residual compressive stress (N / mm2) Wear resistance (nb) Layer adhesion (nb) Adhesive tensile strength (nb) -200 0 5 1 -100 0 5 1 0 2 5 2 200 5 5 4 500 8 7 6 1000 10 8 8 1500 10 9 9 2000 10 10 10

[00175] Tab. 11: Residual compressive stress (N / mm2): Resistance to wear, layer adhesion and adhesive tensile strength, respectively, of the wear protection layer (each one Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 43 / 128 39 / 50 classified between 0 and 10 with individual scales ranging from smallest possible (0) to largest possible (10) (scale designation: kg), as well as neutral (0) and best possible (10) (scale designation: nb))

[00176] A generic work roll can be advantageously developed solely by means of residual stress in the wear protection layer and / or, in particular, compressive residual stress in the wear protection layer and / or the base body, such that relevant features or combinations of features are already advantageous without other features of the invention.

[00177] In addition, it is also advantageous that the wear protection layer and / or the base body have a number of peaks with an RPc value greater than or equal to 1 / cm, preferably greater than or equal to 30 / cm and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 60 / cm, and / or with a number of peaks less than or equal to 300 / cm, preferably less than or equal to 250 / cm and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 200 / cm.

[00178] By means of the values ​​now mentioned in relation to the number of peaks, a particularly advantageous surface of the wear protection layer can be formed, in particular a particularly advantageous texturing of the surface of the wear protection layer.

[00179] In particular, this can also influence the adhesion between the wear protection layer and the base body.

[00180] However, it should be noted that a high number of peaks in the base body does not directly lead to a high number of peaks in the wear protection layer. Consequently, the number of peaks in the wear protection layer is not determined solely by the number of peaks in the base body.

[00181] It has been shown that higher peak numbers can be achieved with higher arithmetic values ​​of average roughness Ra, Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 44 / 128 40 / 50 while high peak numbers can also be achieved with lower arithmetic values ​​of average roughness Ra.

[00182] The current peak number has the unit peaks / cm. More information about the peak number can be found in the DIN 10049-2014 standard.

[00183] A generic work roller can be advantageously developed using only features related to the number of peaks, such that relevant features or combinations of features are already advantageous without other features of the invention.

[00184] In a particularly advantageous manner, the wear protection layer has an oxide ratio, in particular a ratio of chromium oxide (CrO, Cr2O3, CrO2 and / or CrOs) and / or aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and / or zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and / or titanium oxide (TiO, Ti2O3 and / or TiQz), of less than or equal to 5% by weight, preferably less than or equal to 3% by weight and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 1.5% by weight.

[00185] Lower values ​​for the oxide ratio can be achieved, among other things, by the thermal spray device having a lambda value close to one or one.

[00186] Tests have shown that an increasing value for the oxide ratio can reduce the service life of the wear protection layer and / or, in the case of a multi-layer wear protection layer structure, can negatively influence the adhesion of adjacent layers.

[00187] It has also been proven that it is advantageous for the base body to have an outer side to be coated with an arithmetic mean roughness value Ra greater than or equal to 0.1 pm, preferably greater than or equal to 0.2 pm and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 0.3 pm, and / or have an arithmetic mean roughness value Ra less than or equal to 14 pm, preferably less than or equal to 4.0 pm and, with Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, p. 45 / 128 41 / 50 particular preference, less than or equal to 0.8 pm.

[00188] Through the surface roughness Ra of the base body, the wear protection layer can also be advantageously influenced, as can the final roughness Ra of the wear protection layer and, moreover, its homogeneity. It can be assumed, from this, that the higher the roughness Ra of the material to be coated (base body), the higher the surface roughness Ra of the wear protection layer; and the higher the roughness Ra of the material to be coated (base body), the greater the deviation in layer thickness, which can also negatively influence the homogeneity of the wear protection layer thickness.

[00189] The adhesion of particles and therefore also the adhesion of the layer in relation to the wear protection layer on the surface of the base body can be influenced by the roughness of the surface of the base body.

[00190] The Ra roughness values ​​now mentioned in relation to the base body surface can be produced in different ways, and several of the specified Ra roughness values ​​can be obtained by grinding the outer surface (base body surface) of the work roll, such as Ra roughness values ​​from 0.3 pm to 0.8 pm.

[00191] Other features, effects, advantages, or disadvantages can be interpreted from the representation in Table 12 below: Average roughness value Ra(pm) Layer roughness (kg) Layer thickness (nb) Homogeneity (nb) Residual stresses (nb) Adhesive tensile strength (nb) Number of peaks (nb) 0.2 0 10 10 7 7 9 Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, p. 46 / 128 42 / 50 0.8 0 10 9 8 8 9 2 2 9 8 9 9 9 4 5 8 7 10 10 9 8 8 6 6 10 10 10 12 10 4 5 8 8 10 14 10 3 4 7 7 10

[00192] Tab. 12: Average roughness value Ra (pm) of the wear protection layer: Layer roughness, layer thickness, wear protection layer homogeneity, wear protection layer residual stresses and wear protection layer adhesive tensile strength (each rated between 0 and 10 with individual scales between lowest possible (0) and highest possible (10) (scale designation: kg), as well as neutral (0) and best possible (10) (scale designation: nb))

[00193] A generic work roll can be advantageously developed using only features related to the arithmetic value of average roughness Ra, such that relevant features or combinations of features are already advantageous without other features of the invention.

[00194] It has also been found to be useful that the base body has a base body hardness with a hardness value greater than or equal to 35 HRC, preferably greater than or equal to 40 HRC and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 50 HRC, and / or that a base body has a hardness value with a hardness value less than or equal to 70 HRC, preferably less than or equal to 65 HRC and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 60 HRC.

[00195] By means of the additional hardness values ​​now specified in relation to the base body, the adhesion of the wear protection layer to the base body of the work roll can be advantageously influenced or adjusted.

[00196] If the hardness of the base body is selected to be too soft, the components of the wear protection layer Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, p. 47 / 128 43 / 50 may, disadvantageously, penetrate the base body. If the hardness of the base body is very high, there is a risk that a critical number of coating material components will ricochet off the base body during application.

[00197] In addition, the following should be noted regarding the hardness of the base body:

[00198] The harder the base body, the lower the adhesive tensile strength of the wear protection layer, which means that the wear protection layer is more likely to detach from the base body.

[00199] The more rigid the base body design, the greater the risk of more defects occurring in the wear protection layer and base body compound, which in turn can increase the risk of delamination.

[00200] These defects also generally increase porosity, which can also negatively affect the adhesion between the wear protection layer and the base body.

[00201] Furthermore, defects can, in turn, influence residual stresses in relation to the wear protection layer and vice versa.

[00202] In addition, the adhesion mechanisms in the spraying process can influence the roughness and thickness of the wear protection layer.

[00203] The harder the wear protection layer, the more the Ra roughness of the wear protection layer surface can be influenced.

[00204] The hardness of the existing base body HRC is preferably measured using a macro-identification method.

[00205] Other features, effects, advantages, or disadvantages can be interpreted from the representation in Table 13 below: Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 48 / 128 44 / 50 Base body hardness (HRC) Porosity (kg) Defect frequency (nb) Adhesive tensile strength (nb) Residual stresses (nb) Layer thickness (nb) 65 5 7 8 10 7 60 5 6 8 10 8 50 4 5 9 8 8 45 3 4 9 6 9 40 2 3 10 4 9 35 1 2 10 3 10 30 1 1 10 3 10

[00206] Tab. 13: Base body hardness (HRC): Porosity, defect frequency, adhesive tensile strength, residual stresses and layer thickness, respectively, of the wear protection layer (each rated between 0 and 10 with individual scales between lowest possible (0) and highest possible (10) (scale designation: kg), as well as neutral (0) and best possible (10) (scale designation: nb))

[00207] A generic work roller can be advantageously developed solely through features related to the hardness of the base body, such that relevant features or combinations of features are already advantageous without other features of the invention.

[00208] In addition, other configurations with respect to the base body may have an advantageous effect on the wear protection layer, such as the material from which the base body is made.

[00209] Selected dimensions in relation to the base body, such as, in particular, the width of the base body, the diameter of the base body, the length of the base body, but also the gap between the support points of the base body, can also affect the quality of the wear protection layer. Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 49 / 128 45 / 50

[00210] In any case, by means of the resources mentioned above, a working roll for laminating a metal product, in particular a protective layer against wear of the same, can be individually and advantageously adapted to different requirements, taking into account the legal requirements to avoid hard chrome plating.

[00211] According to a further aspect, the object of the invention is also achieved by a laminating support having a working roll according to one of the features described herein.

[00212] The object of the invention is also achieved by a metal strip, wherein the metal strip is cold rolled with a work roll according to one of the features described herein.

[00213] Advantageously, certain characteristics of the wear protection layer can be identified based on the surface image obtained on the metal strip. In particular, the texturing of the wear protection layer of the work roll can be transferred from the surface of the work roll, in particular from the surface of the wear protection layer, to the surface of the metal strip during the rolling of a metal strip.

[00214] The objective of the invention is also achieved by a method for producing the present work roll, in which the wear protection layer is applied to a base body previously provided with a thermal spraying method.

[00215] This allows the work roll to be advantageously manufactured with the wear protection layer.

[00216] In particular, by means of a thermal spraying method, even different powder compositions can be applied in an uncomplicated and precise manner to the base body of the work roll to generate process-specific wear protection layers.

[00217] The wear protection layer can be further adapted if the wear protection layer Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 50 / 128 46 / 50 for abrasive smoothing after application. Just as an example, it should be mentioned that this allows the surface roughness of the wear protection layer to be further adjusted on the working roller.

[00218] In particular, such a method can be advantageously developed if the number of powder conveyors is increased, which allows for a more homogeneous powder distribution. This also allows the quality of the wear protection layer on the working roller to be further increased.

[00219] At this point, it should also be stated that the described method can still be supplemented by other technical resources mentioned above, in particular by resources of the working roll or the wear protection layer present, in order to develop the method advantageously or to be able to represent or formulate method specifications even more precisely.

[00220] Preferably, powder conveyors can be arranged above a burner for thermal spraying of the wear protection layer (e.g., high-speed oxygen fuel (HVOF) burner or high-speed air fuel (HVAF) burner), whereby the static pressure for introducing the powder into the burner can be conveniently increased.

[00221] Furthermore, it may be advantageous for the design of the present wear protection layer if, with regard to powder preparation, any powders for generating the wear protection layer are preheated.

[00222] Sifting the powder more thoroughly can ensure a more even distribution of the powder.

[00223] Similarly, the production of the wear-resistant protective layer can be advantageously influenced by appropriate preheating or sieving of the powder, particularly with regard to Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 51 / 128 47 / 50 to the crown / strip dimensions, in order to optimize residual stresses in relation to the wear protection layer.

[00224] The objective of the invention is also achieved by a work roll according to one of the features described herein for cold rolling of a metal strip.

[00225] By using the present work roll, high-quality surfaces can be produced in an operationally safe manner on cold-rolled metal strip, especially over a long period of time.

[00226] The above-mentioned measures, in particular the selection of the coating material, as well as, in particular, the selection of more complex coating parameters, can contribute significantly to providing high-quality wear protection layers for rolling a metal strip.

[00227] Other advantages, details and features of the invention will be further evidenced from the exemplary embodiments explained below.

[00228] The drawings show:

[00229] Figure 1: a schematic view of a work roll for rolling a metal product during thermal spraying of the wear protection layer onto a base body of a work roll for rolling metal products; and

[00230] Figure 2: schematically, a partially cutaway view of a section of the work roll from Figure 1.

[00231] According to Figure 1, the production of a work roll 1 for rolling a metal product (not shown), in particular for rolling a metal strip (also not shown) is shown schematically.

[00232] The work roll 1 is processed by means of thermal spraying. More precisely, a wear protection layer 2 is Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, p. 52 / 128 48 / 50 applied to surface 3 of a base body 4 of the work roller 1.

[00233] Thermal spraying of the wear protection layer 2 is carried out by means of a device 5 suitable for thermal spraying, which has a burner 6, such as an HVOF burner or an HVAF burner, wherein, above the burner 6, are arranged several powder conveyors 7 (shown and numbered only as examples), at least some of which can preheat the powder 8.

[00234] Powder 8 can be individually mixed with a plurality of powder components 9, as claimed in the sense of the invention.

[00235] Powder conveyors 7 also have a mechanism 10 for sieving the powder 8 or the powder components 9 thereof.

[00236] By means of the thermal spraying device 5, a particular and advantageously compounded coating material 11 can be applied to the base body 4 of the work roller 1, while the same rotates around its support axis 12 in the direction of rotation 12.

[00237] According to the representation in Figure 2, a cutaway view of the work roll 1 is shown as a detailed cutaway view in the interface region 20 between the wear protection layer 2 and the base body 4.

[00238] In particular, the 22 roughness peaks (not numbered again) of the interface 24 of the base body surface 3 are clearly visible, so that the peaks 22 also form cavities 26 on the base body surface 3.

[00239] Peaks 22 and cavities 26 form the interface roughness 24, which is illustrated as an irregular line (not numbered again).

[00240] The wear protection layer 2 has 28 hard phase particles (dashed structures) with different grain sizes (not numbered again), which are arranged embedded in a Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 53 / 128 49 / 50 matrix 30 of the wear protection layer 2.

[00241] The grain sizes now visible in this exemplary embodiment are, on average, between 5 µm and 25 µm.

[00242] If special properties are presented in the wear protection layer 2, the grain sizes may also be between 10 µm and 20 µm (see Table 1).

[00243] Average grain sizes between 30 µm and 45 µm are also possible, to cite just a few more concrete examples.

[00244] Other advantageous grain sizes can be found in Table 1 to obtain other advantageous properties in relation to the wear protection layer 2.

[00245] It is clearly visible, in particular, how the hard phase particles 28 are arranged in a pressed manner in the cavities 26 and, in this case, are partially supported by friction on the flanks 32 of the peaks 22 over a large area.

[00246] Higher compressive residual stresses may prevail in the interface region 20 than further away from the interface region 20.

[00247] By defining correspondingly high compressive residual stresses, the wear protection layer 2 is pressed more strongly into the base body 2, in particular more strongly in the cavities 26, where the hard phase particles 28 of the wear protection layer 2 also interact substantially closely with the flanks 32.

[00248] In general, by means of compressive residual stresses, in particular between 500 N / mm2 and 1,500 N / mm2, it is possible to ensure a particularly close connection between the wear protection layer 2 and the base body 4 and, therefore, also a particularly good adhesive tensile strength.

[00249] Even the hard phase particles 28 within the matrix 30 Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 54 / 128 50 / 50 can become more closely bonded with such compressive residual stresses. List of reference signs Work roller Protective layer against wear and tear. Surface Base body Device for thermal spraying Powder conveyor Mechanism for sifting Dust Powder components Mechanism for sifting Coating material Direction of rotation Interface region Peaks Interface Cavities Hard phase particles or grain sizes Headquarters Flanks Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 55 / 128

Claims

1 / 7 CLAIMS 1. Work roll (1) for rolling a metal product, in particular for rolling a metal strip, comprising: - a metal base body (4); and - a wear protection layer (2) disposed, at least in regions, on the base body (4), wherein the wear protection layer (2) is a thermal protection layer against splashes; characterized in that the wear protection layer (2) has a grain size less than or equal to 50 µm, preferably less than or equal to 45 µm and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 30 µm or less than or equal to 20 µm.

2. Work roll (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that the wear protection layer (2) has a grain size greater than or equal to 2 µm, preferably greater than or equal to 5 µm.

3. Work roller (1), according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wear protection layer (2) has a chromium content of less than or equal to 90% by weight, preferably less than or equal to 60% by weight and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 30% by weight.

4. Work roller (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wear protection layer (2) has a chromium content of less than or equal to 90% by weight, preferably less than or equal to 60% by weight and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 30% by weight.

5. Work roll (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective layer against wear (2) has an outer surface with an arithmetic mean roughness value Ra greater than or equal to 0.01 μm, preferably greater than or equal to 0.5 μm and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 1.5 μm, and / or with an arithmetic mean roughness value Ra less than or equal to 17 μm, preferably less than or equal to 10 μm and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 6 μm.

6. Work roller (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wear protection layer (2) has a tungsten carbide (WC) ratio greater than or equal to 50% by weight, preferably a ratio greater than or equal to 60% by weight and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 70% by weight.

7. Work roller (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wear protection layer (2) has a tungsten precipitation ratio, in particular elemental tungsten (W) and / or ditungsten carbide (W2C), with a ratio of less than or equal to 50% by weight, preferably less than or equal to 33% by weight and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 10% by weight or less than or equal to 5% by weight.

8. Work roller (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wear protection layer (2) has a layer thickness greater than or equal to 2 μm, preferably greater than or equal to 5 μm and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 10 μm, and / or with a layer thickness less than or equal to 80 μm, preferably less than or equal to 40 μm and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 15 μm.

9. Work roll (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wear protection layer (2) has an adhesive tensile strength with an adhesive tensile strength value greater than or equal to 60 N / mm2, Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 57 / 128 3 / 7 preferably greater than or equal to 70 N / mm2 and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 80 NW or greater than or equal to 100 N / mm2.

10. Work roller (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wear protection layer (2) has a porosity with a porosity value of less than or equal to 1%, preferably less than or equal to 0.5% and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 0.1%.

11. Work roller (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wear protection layer (2) has a permeability with a permeability value less than or equal to 1 Barrer, preferably less than or equal to 0.5 Barrer and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 0.1 Barrer.

12. Work roller (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wear protection layer (2) has a layer hardness with a hardness value greater than or equal to 800 HV, preferably greater than or equal to 1000 HV and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 1100 HV, and / or with a layer hardness value less than or equal to 1600 HV, preferably less than or equal to 1500 HV and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 1400 HV.

13. Work roll (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wear protection layer (2) has a deviation of less than or equal to 40% of a weight ratio of a coating element, calculated on average over a total number of analysis points, in more than or equal to 80% of a number of analysis points, preferably in more than or equal to 90% of a number of analysis points and, with particular preference, in more than or equal to 95% of a number of analysis points, preferably a deviation of less than or equal to 30% and, with particular preference, a deviation of less than or equal to 20%, wherein Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, p.58 / 128 4 / 7 total number of analysis points is greater than or equal to 5, preferably greater than or equal to 15 and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 25, in particular the coating element is one of the elements tungsten carbide (WC), aluminum oxide (AbO3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), chromium carbide (Cr3C2, C7C3 and / or C23C6) or vanadium carbide (VC).

14. Work roll (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wear protection layer (2) has a thickness deviation of less than or equal to 20% of a thickness of the wear protection layer (2) calculated on average over a total number of measuring points in more than or equal to 80% of a number of measuring points, preferably in more than or equal to 90% of a number of measuring points and, with particular preference, in more than or equal to 95% of a number of measuring points, preferably a deviation of less than or equal to 10% and, with particular preference, a deviation of less than or equal to 5%, wherein the total number of measuring points is greater than or equal to 10, preferably greater than or equal to 25 and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 40.

15. Work roll (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wear protection layer (2) has a thickness tolerance less than or equal to 1 µm, preferably less than or equal to 0.5 µm and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 0.2 µm.

16. Work roller (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wear protection layer (2) has a hard phase and a matrix, wherein the hard phase is incorporated into the matrix.

17. Work roll (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective layer Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, page 59 / 128 5 / 7 against wear (2) has a hard phase and a matrix, in particular a ratio between the hard phase and a common layer system consisting of the hard phase and matrix, with a ratio value greater than or equal to 40% by volume, preferably greater than or equal to 50% by volume and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 60% by volume, and / or, in particular, with a ratio value between the hard phase and the common layer system less than or equal to 90% by volume, preferably less than or equal to 85% by volume and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 80% by volume or less than or equal to 75% by volume.

18. Work roller (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wear protection layer (2) has at least one, two, three, four, five, six, seven or more of the elements tungsten carbide (WC), aluminum oxide (AlO3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), chromium carbide (Cr3C2, Cr7C3 and / or Cr23C6), vanadium carbide (VC), silicon carbide (SiC), tungsten boride (WB), chromium oxide (CrO, Cr2O3, CrO2 and / or CrO3), titanium carbide (TiC), titanium oxide (TiO, Ti2O3 and / or TiO2) or molybdenum carbide (Mo2C and / or MoC), in particular, at least one, two, three, four or more of the elements tungsten carbide (WC), aluminum oxide (Al2 ...chromium oxide (Cr2O3 and / or CrO3), titanium carbide (TiC), titanium oxide (TiO, Ti2O3 and / or TiO2) or molybdenum carbide (Mo2C and / or MoC), Zirconium (ZrO2), chromium carbide (Cr3C2, Cr7C3 and / or Cr23C6) and / or vanadium carbide (VC).

19. Work roll (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wear protection layer (2) and / or the base body (4) have a compressive residual stress with a value greater than or equal to -200 N / mm2, preferably greater than or equal to 0 N / mm2 and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 200 N / mm2, and / or the wear protection layer (2) and / or the base body (4) have a compressive residual stress with a value less than or equal to 2000 N / mm2, preferably less than or equal to 1500 N / mm2 and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 1000 N / mm2.

20. Work roll (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wear protection layer (2) and / or the base body (4) have a number of peaks with an RPc value greater than or equal to 1 / cm, preferably greater than or equal to 30 / cm and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 60 / cm, and / or with a number of peaks less than or equal to 300 / cm, preferably less than or equal to 250 / cm and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 200 / cm.

21. Work roll (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wear protection layer (2) has an oxide ratio, in particular an oxide ratio of aluminum oxide (AbÜ3) and / or zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and / or chromium oxide (CrO, Cr2Ü3, CrO2 and / or CrÜ3) and / or titanium oxide (TiO, Ti2Ü3 and / or T1O2), less than or equal to 5% by weight, preferably less than or equal to 3% by weight and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 1.5% by weight.

22. Work roll (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base body (4) has an outer side to be coated with an arithmetic average roughness value Ra greater than or equal to 0.1 pm, preferably greater than or equal to 0.2 pm and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 0.3 pm, and / or an arithmetic average roughness value Ra less than or equal to 14 pm, preferably less than or equal to 4.0 pm and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 0.8 pm.

23. Work roll (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base body (4) has a base body hardness with a hardness value greater than or equal to 35 HRC, preferably greater than or equal to 40 HRC and, with particular preference, greater than or equal to 50 HRC, and / or a base body hardness with a hardness value less than or equal to 70 HRC, preferably less than or equal to 65 HRC and, with particular preference, less than or equal to 60 HRC.

24. Laminating support characterized by comprising a work roll (1), as defined in any one of claims 1 to 23.

25. Method of manufacturing a work roller (1), as defined in any one of claims 1 to 23, characterized by comprising the following steps: - providing the base body (4); and - applying the wear protection layer (2) using a thermal spraying method.

26. Method according to claim 25, characterized in that the wear protection layer (2) is abrasively smoothed after application.

27. Use of a work roll (1), as defined in any one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that it is intended for cold rolling a metal strip. Petition 870260054360, dated 05 / 06 / 2026, p. 62 / 128

Images