A double-cutterhead TBM that advances ahead to release geological stress

Abstract

The present invention discloses a double-cutterhead TBM for advance excavation to release geological stress, which solves the problems of low excavation efficiency and poor safety of TBM in the prior art during excavation of unfavorable geological conditions such as high ground stress, weak surrounding rock and large deformation in a deep buried long tunnel environment. The present invention includes a shield body, a tunneling system is provided at the front end of the shield body, a main drive and a main beam are provided inside the shield body, a propulsion system and a rear support are provided on the main beam, the tunneling system includes a primary cutterhead and a secondary cutterhead, the primary cutterhead is located in front of the secondary cutterhead and is connected to the secondary cutterhead through a transmission mechanism, and the secondary cutterhead is connected to the main drive; a slag discharge mechanism is provided at the transmission mechanism, and the slag discharge mechanism corresponds to the slag discharge system. The present invention is cleverly designed, and the double cutterhead design and the step-by-step slag discharge system are used in combination, which greatly improves the excavation efficiency, while improving the construction safety factor, and has a high promotion value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a double-cutterhead TBM for advance excavation and releasing geological stress. Background Art

[0002] TBM (full-section rock tunnel boring machine) is widely used in tunnel construction due to its safety, high efficiency and environmental protection. The construction environment of TBM tunnel is extremely harsh, especially in the deep buried long tunnel environment. Due to the adverse geological conditions such as high ground stress and large deformation of weak surrounding rock, TBM construction faces engineering challenges such as TBM jamming and rock burst, which seriously affect the construction safety and efficiency. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a TBM that can release geological stress in advance. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention proposes a double-cutterhead TBM for advance excavation to release geological stress, which solves the problems of low excavation efficiency and poor safety of TBM in the prior art during excavation of unfavorable geological conditions such as high ground stress, large deformation of weak surrounding rock, etc. in a deep buried long tunnel environment.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows: a double-cutterhead TBM for advance excavation to release geological stress includes a shield body, a tunneling system is provided at the front end of the shield body, a main drive and a main beam are provided inside the shield body, a propulsion system and a rear support are provided on the main beam, the tunneling system includes a primary cutterhead and a secondary cutterhead, the primary cutterhead is located in front of the secondary cutterhead and is connected to the secondary cutterhead through a transmission mechanism, and the secondary cutterhead is connected to the main drive; a slag discharge mechanism is provided at the transmission mechanism, and the slag discharge mechanism corresponds to the slag discharge mechanism.

[0005] The transmission mechanism is a protective sleeve, one end of which is detachably fixedly connected to the primary cutter disc, and the other end is detachably fixedly connected to the secondary cutter disc. The central axis of the protective sleeve coincides with the central axis of the primary cutter disc and the central axis of the secondary cutter disc respectively.

[0006] The diameter of the primary cutter disc is not greater than the diameter of the secondary cutter disc, and both the primary cutter disc and the secondary cutter disc are provided with a slag inlet and a slag outlet.

[0007] The slag discharge mechanism is a spiral slag discharge mechanism, which includes a first spiral blade, the first spiral blade is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the transmission mechanism, and the front end of the first spiral blade corresponds to the slag outlet of the primary cutter disc.

[0008] The slag discharge mechanism is a spiral slag discharge mechanism, which includes a second spiral blade, the second spiral blade is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the transmission mechanism, and the front end of the second spiral blade corresponds to the slag outlet of the first-level cutter disc.

[0009] The slag discharge mechanism is a scraper slag discharge mechanism, which includes a driving mechanism and a support plate. The output end of the driving mechanism is connected to a chain, and scrapers are arranged at equal intervals on the chain. The chain is located above the support plate, one end of the support plate is connected to the main beam, and the other end passes through the transmission mechanism. One end of the chain corresponds to the slag outlet of the first-level cutter disc, and the other end corresponds to the slag inlet of the second-level cutter disc.

[0010] Two rows of support wheels are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the support plate, and the support wheels are inscribed in the transmission mechanism so that the transmission mechanism rotates relative to the support plate.

[0011] The slag discharge mechanism is a belt conveyor, and the slag inlet end of the belt conveyor corresponds to the slag discharge port of the secondary cutter disc.

[0012] The present invention is a double-cutterhead TBM, in which the first-level cutterhead extends 2 to 5 meters beyond the second-level cutterhead. During the excavation process, the first-level cutterhead advances first to carry out excavation, and the excavated rock slag is transported to the second-level cutterhead through the slag discharge mechanism, and discharged through the slag discharge mechanism together with the slag generated by the second-level cutterhead. After the first-level cutterhead excavates, the rock stress is released in advance, avoiding TBM jamming accidents and rock burst risks; at the same time, the excavation surface of the first-level cutterhead provides a rock-breaking free surface for the second-level cutterhead, thereby improving the rock-breaking efficiency of the second-level cutterhead. The present invention is cleverly designed, and the double-cutterhead design and the step-by-step slag discharge system are used in combination, which greatly improves the excavation efficiency, while also improving the construction safety factor, and has a high promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying any creative work.

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the slag discharge mechanism of the present invention in Example 1.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the slag discharge mechanism of the present invention in Example 2.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the slag discharge mechanism of the present invention in Example 3.

[0018] Figure 5 It is a side view schematic diagram of the slag discharge mechanism in Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, in Example 1, a double-cutterhead TBM for pre-excavation to release geological stress includes a shield body 10, a tunneling system is provided at the front end of the shield body 10, a main drive 5 and a main beam 6 are provided inside the shield body 10, the main beam is the main support mechanism of the equipment, and a propulsion system 7 and a rear support 8 are provided on the main beam 6. The main drive 5 provides power for the cutterhead of the tunneling system, and the propulsion system 7 provides power for the forward propulsion of the tunneling system. The rear support 8 is used to support the main beam. The tunneling system includes a primary cutterhead 1 and a secondary cutterhead 4, the primary cutterhead 1 is a small cutterhead for pre-excavation, and the secondary cutterhead 4 is a large cutterhead for post-excavation. The primary cutterhead 1 is located in front of the secondary cutterhead 4 and is connected to the secondary cutterhead 4 through a transmission mechanism 2. The primary cutterhead rotates synchronously with the secondary cutterhead through the transmission mechanism. The secondary cutterhead 4 is connected to the main drive 5, and the main drive provides power for the rotation of the secondary cutterhead. A slag discharge mechanism 3 is provided at the transmission mechanism 2, and the slag discharge mechanism is used to discharge the slag excavated by the primary cutterhead. The slag discharge mechanism 3 corresponds to the slag discharge mechanism 9 provided in the shield body 10. The slag discharge mechanism 9 is a belt conveyor, and the slag inlet end of the belt conveyor corresponds to the slag outlet of the slag discharge mechanism 3. The slag discharge mechanism 9 is used to discharge the slag excavated by the primary cutter disc and the secondary cutter disc. This double cutter disc TBM adopts a front and rear two-stage arrangement of large and small cutter discs. The primary cutter disc is placed 2 to 5 meters in front of the secondary large cutter disc, and the two-stage cutter discs rotate synchronously through a transmission mechanism. The primary cutter disc excavation releases rock stress in advance, reduces the risk of machine jamming and rock burst during the secondary cutter disc excavation, and provides an open surface for rock breaking for the secondary cutter disc, thereby improving rock breaking efficiency.

[0021] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism 2 is a protective sleeve, that is, a hollow sleeve structure, which is convenient for personnel maintenance operations. One end of the protective sleeve is detachably fixedly connected to the primary cutter disc 1, and the other end is detachably fixedly connected to the secondary cutter disc 4. The detachable fixed connection is a bolt connection. The primary cutter disc and the slag discharge mechanism can be disassembled, so that the secondary cutter disc can be excavated separately. The central axis of the protective sleeve coincides with the central axis of the primary cutter disc 1 and the central axis of the secondary cutter disc 4, respectively, so that the slag can be smoothly discharged to the secondary cutter disc under the action of the slag discharge mechanism. The diameter of the primary cutter disc 1 is not greater than the diameter of the secondary cutter disc 4. The excavation surface of the primary cutter disc provides an open surface for rock breaking for the secondary cutter disc, thereby improving the rock breaking efficiency. Both the primary cutter disc 1 and the secondary cutter disc 4 are provided with a slag inlet and a slag outlet, which are convenient for conveying slag.

[0022] Furthermore, the slag discharge mechanism 3 is a spiral slag discharge mechanism, which includes a second spiral blade 3b, which is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the transmission mechanism 2, and can be welded or threaded, and the spiral blade and the transmission mechanism rotate synchronously. The front end of the second spiral blade 3b corresponds to the slag outlet of the primary cutter disc 1, and the other end is aligned with the inside of the secondary cutter disc 4. Under the rotation of the second spiral blade, the slag excavated by the primary cutter disc is transported to the secondary cutter disc, and then discharged through the slag discharge mechanism.

[0023] like Figure 3 As shown, Example 2 is a double-cutterhead TBM for advance excavation to release geological stress. The slag discharge mechanism 3 is a spiral slag discharge mechanism, which includes a first spiral blade 3a. The first spiral blade 3a is fixedly connected to the transmission mechanism 2, which can be welded or threaded, and the first spiral blade rotates synchronously with the transmission mechanism. The front end of the first spiral blade 3a corresponds to the slag outlet of the first-stage cutterhead 1, and the other end corresponds to the slag inlet of the slag discharge mechanism 9. Under the rotation of the first spiral blade, the slag excavated by the first-stage cutterhead is transported to the second-stage cutterhead, and then discharged through the slag discharge mechanism.

[0024] The other structures are the same as those in Example 1.

[0025] like Figure 4 and 5 As shown, in Example 3, a double-cutterhead TBM for advanced excavation to release geological stress, the slag discharge mechanism 3 is a scraper slag discharge mechanism, and the scraper slag discharge mechanism includes a driving mechanism 3-1 and a support plate 3-2, and the driving mechanism 3-1 is arranged on the support plate 3-2. A driving sprocket is provided at the output end of the driving mechanism 3-1, and a driven sprocket is provided on the support plate. Chains 3-3 are connected to the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket. Scrapers 3-4 are arranged at equal intervals on the chain 3-3. The chain 3-3 is located above the support plate 3-2. The scrapers are in contact with the support plate. The driving mechanism drives the chain to rotate and transports the slag falling on the support plate to the slag discharge mechanism. One end of the support plate 3-2 is connected to the main beam 6, and the other end passes through the transmission mechanism 2. One end of the chain 3-3 corresponds to the slag discharge port of the primary cutterhead 1, and the other end corresponds to the slag inlet of the slag discharge mechanism 9. The first-stage cutter disc rotates, causing the debris to fall from top to bottom onto the support plate. The scraper, under the action of the chain, scrapes the debris to the second-stage cutter disc, and then discharges it through the slag discharge mechanism.

[0026] Furthermore, the support plate 3-2 is horizontally arranged in the lower semicircle of the transmission mechanism, and two rows of support wheels 3-5 are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the support plate 3-2, and the support wheels can rotate during the rotation of the transmission mechanism. The support wheels 3-5 are inscribed in the transmission mechanism 2 to allow the transmission mechanism 2 to rotate relative to the support plate 3-2, thereby preventing the support plate from rotating with the transmission mechanism and ensuring that the support plate is in a horizontal state. The slag excavated by the primary cutter disc falls onto the support plate through the gap between the scrapers, and the lower scraper, driven by the chain, scrapes the slag on the support plate backwards to the inside of the secondary cutter disc.

[0027] The other structures are the same as those in Example 2.

[0028] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A double-cutterhead TBM for advance excavation to release geological stress, comprising a shield body (10), a tunneling system is provided at the front end of the shield body (10), a main drive (5) and a main beam (6) are provided inside the shield body (10), and a propulsion system (7) and a rear support (8) are provided on the main beam (6), characterized in that: The tunneling system comprises a primary cutterhead (1) and a secondary cutterhead (4), wherein the primary cutterhead (1) is located in front of the secondary cutterhead (4) and is connected to the secondary cutterhead (4) via a transmission mechanism (2), and the secondary cutterhead (4) is connected to a main drive (5); a slag discharge mechanism (3) is provided at the transmission mechanism (2), and the slag discharge mechanism (3) corresponds to the slag discharge mechanism (9); The transmission mechanism (2) is a protective sleeve, the slag discharge mechanism (3) is a spiral slag discharge mechanism, the spiral slag discharge mechanism comprises a first spiral blade (3a), the first spiral blade (3a) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the transmission mechanism (2), and the front end of the first spiral blade (3a) corresponds to the slag discharge port of the first-stage cutter disc (1); Alternatively, the slag discharge mechanism (3) is a spiral slag discharge mechanism, the spiral slag discharge mechanism comprising a second spiral blade (3b), the second spiral blade (3b) being fixedly connected to the outer wall of the transmission mechanism (2), and the front end of the second spiral blade (3b) corresponding to the slag discharge port of the primary cutter disc (1).

2. The double cutterhead TBM for advance excavation and releasing geological stress according to claim 1 is characterized in that: One end of the protective sleeve is detachably fixedly connected to the primary cutter disc (1), and the other end is detachably fixedly connected to the secondary cutter disc (4); the central axis of the protective sleeve coincides with the central axis of the primary cutter disc (1) and the central axis of the secondary cutter disc (4), respectively.

3. The double cutterhead TBM for advance excavation and releasing geological stress according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The diameter of the primary cutter disc (1) is no greater than the diameter of the secondary cutter disc (4), and both the primary cutter disc (1) and the secondary cutter disc (4) are provided with a slag inlet and a slag outlet.

4. The double cutterhead TBM for advance excavation and releasing geological stress according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The slag discharge mechanism (3) may be a scraper slag discharge mechanism, which comprises a driving mechanism (3-1) and a support plate (3-2); the output end of the driving mechanism (3-1) is connected to a chain (3-3); scrapers (3-4) are arranged at equal intervals on the chain (3-3); the chain (3-3) is located above the support plate (3-2); one end of the support plate (3-2) is connected to the main beam (6) and the other end passes through the transmission mechanism (2); one end of the chain (3-3) corresponds to the slag outlet of the primary cutter disc (1) and the other end corresponds to the slag inlet of the secondary cutter disc (4).

5. The double cutterhead TBM for advance excavation and releasing geological stress according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Two rows of support wheels (3-5) are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the support plate (3-2); the support wheels (3-5) are inscribed within the transmission mechanism (2) so that the transmission mechanism (2) rotates relative to the support plate (3-2).

6. The double cutterhead TBM for advance excavation and releasing geological stress according to claim 1, 4 or 5, characterized in that: The slag discharge mechanism (9) is a belt conveyor, and the slag inlet end of the belt conveyor corresponds to the slag discharge port of the secondary cutter disc (4).

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