Screws, nuts and fastener assemblies

Abstract

The present invention provides a screw (101), comprising a nail head (111), a nail shank (112), and a nail tail (113) connected in sequence, wherein a snap-fit ​​groove (301) is provided at any one or more of the nail head (111), the nail shank (112), and the nail tail (113), wherein a snap-fitting piece (310) is provided in the snap-fitting groove (301); the snap-fitting piece (310) moves or deforms in the snap-fitting groove (301) and can be switched between a locked state and an unlocked state. The present invention also provides a nut (102), wherein the snap-fitting groove (301) and the snap-fitting piece (310) are also provided on the nut (102). The present invention also provides a fastener combination comprising the screw (101) and the nut (102). After the screw provided by the present invention is matched with the nut, the thread forms a primary fixing structure for the fastened piece; the snap-fitting piece forms a secondary fixing structure in the locked state, which greatly enhances the fixing ability of the present invention.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fasteners, and in particular to a screw, a nut and a fastener combination. Background Art

[0002] Patent document CN103953629B discloses a fastener, including a head, a rod connected to the head, a guide rod, a sliding shaft and a stopper, wherein the head is provided with a through hole; the rod includes two elongated parts and a hollow part, and the elongated part is provided with a receiving part; the guide rod extends into the through hole and extends into the hollow part, and can be axially moved by the operation of the operator; both ends of the sliding shaft are accommodated in the receiving part and can move with the guide rod; the stopper is rotatably mounted on the sliding shaft, and can rotate from a first position to a second position under the action of gravity, wherein, in the first position, the stopper can pass through the mounting hole with the rod, and in the second position, the stopper can be locked on the part to be connected by the operation of the operator on the side where the head is located. According to the patent document, the fastener can clamp the part to be connected from both sides of the part to be connected and only needs to be installed from one side of the part to be connected. However, the fastener provided in the patent document has a complex structure and is prone to loosening during use. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the defects in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a screw, a nut and a fastener combination.

[0004] The screw provided by the present invention comprises a nail head, a nail shaft, and a nail tail connected in sequence, and a clamping groove is provided on any one or more parts of the nail head, the nail shaft, and the nail tail, and a clamping piece is provided in the clamping groove;

[0005] The engaging member moves or deforms in the engaging groove and can be switched between a locked state and an unlocked state.

[0006] Preferably, the engaging groove is arranged at any one or more of the following positions on the nail shank:

[0007] --The end where the nail tail is located in the axial direction;

[0008] --The end where the nail head is located in the axial direction;

[0009] -- the middle part in the axial direction;

[0010] A plurality of engaging grooves are distributed along the circumferential direction of the nail shaft; or, the nail shaft extends in the circumferential direction to form an annular groove or an arc-shaped groove;

[0011] Along the circumferential direction of the nail rod portion, the inclination angles of the bottom surfaces of the engaging grooves are equal or unequal.

[0012] Preferably, the engaging member comprises any one or more of the following structures:

[0013] --Magnetic balls;

[0014] --Combined structure of arc-shaped magnet and closed elastic member;

[0015] --Elastic ring magnet;

[0016] --Combined structure of arc-shaped elastic member and magnet;

[0017] --Combination structure of two magnetic rings;

[0018] --Combined structure of wave ring piece and compression piece;

[0019] --Combined structure of elastic matrix and magnetic particles.

[0020] Preferably, a positioning hole is provided on the nail tail, and the positioning hole is communicated with the engaging groove;

[0021] A push rod is slidably installed in the positioning hole, and the push rod is an elastic body or a rigid body;

[0022] The push rod can contact with the engaging piece; a potting portion is also arranged in the positioning hole, and the engaging piece and the potting portion are respectively located at two ends of the push rod along the axial direction.

[0023] Preferably, a push spring is arranged in the engaging groove, and two ends of the push spring along the axial direction are respectively connected to the engaging member and the nail tail;

[0024] When the push spring is in the released state, the engaging member is located at a position corresponding to the locked state.

[0025] The present invention further provides a nut, wherein an axial through hole is provided on the nut, and an internal thread is provided in the axial through hole;

[0026] A clamping groove is provided on the hole wall surface of one of the two ends of the axial through hole in the axial direction or on the hole wall surfaces of both ends;

[0027] The engaging groove is provided with an engaging piece, and the engaging piece moves or deforms in the engaging groove and can be switched between a locked state and an unlocked state.

[0028] Preferably, the bottom surface of the engaging groove is arranged obliquely;

[0029] A plurality of engaging grooves are arranged along the circumferential direction of the nut; the engaging member comprises a magnetic ball, and the width of the notch position of the engaging groove is smaller than the diameter of the magnetic ball; or,

[0030] The engaging groove is annular, and the engaging piece comprises an annular or arc-shaped magnet.

[0031] Preferably, a positioning hole is provided on the circumferential end surface of the nut, the positioning hole is communicated with the engaging groove, and a push rod is slidably installed in the positioning hole;

[0032] A guide platform is also fastened to the circumferential end surface of the nut, a guide hole is arranged in the guide platform, and the guide hole is communicated with the positioning hole.

[0033] The present invention also provides a fastener assembly, comprising the above-mentioned screw and the above-mentioned nut;

[0034] The screw and the nut are detachably connected.

[0035] Preferably, it also includes a magnetoelectric sensor and a pressure sensor;

[0036] The magnetoelectric sensor is installed on the fastener;

[0037] The pressure sensor is installed between the nut and the fastened piece, and / or between the nail tail and the fastened piece.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] 1. After the screw and nut provided by the present invention are matched, the thread forms a primary fixing structure for the fastened piece; the engaging piece forms a secondary fixing structure in the locked state, which greatly enhances the fixing ability of the present invention.

[0040] 2. The present invention can realize the secondary fixing function of the engaging member by contact or non-contact means, wherein the non-contact means controlling the movement of the engaging member by magnetic field, which is simple to operate and convenient for assembly and disassembly.

[0041] 3. The present invention can achieve secondary fixation through a variety of snap-fit ​​structures, and thus can be applied to more occasions.

[0042] 4. The position of the engaging groove on the nail rod can be adjusted. In actual use, by changing the position of the engaging groove, the engaging piece can be brought into contact and engaged with another component made of relatively hard material to obtain a better secondary fixing effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0044] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the screw in Example 1;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the screw structure in Example 1;

[0046] Figure 3The engaging groove is an annular groove, and one engaging groove corresponds to two engaging members;

[0047] Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the combination of the engaging member being an arc-shaped magnet and a closed elastic member;

[0048] Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the engaging member being an elastic annular magnet;

[0049] Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the combination of the engaging member being an arc-shaped elastic member and a magnet;

[0050] Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the engaging member being two magnetic rings;

[0051] Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the engaging parts is a wave ring piece and a pressure ring piece;

[0052] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the combination of the braided ring and the magnetic particles;

[0053] Fig.10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a screw in Example 3;

[0054] Fig.11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a screw in Example 4;

[0055] Fig.12 is a schematic diagram of the fastener assembly structure;

[0056] Fig.13 This is a schematic diagram of screw installation in Example 5;

[0057] Fig.14 is a cross-sectional view of the nut in Example 6;

[0058] Fig.15 It is a right side view of the nut in Example 6;

[0059] Fig.16 It is a left side view of the nut in Example 6;

[0060] Fig.17 The cross-sectional view of the nut in Example 7

[0061] Fig.18 is a cross-sectional view of the nut in Example 8;

[0062] Fig.19 The schematic diagram of the engaging block is a wedge-shaped block, a square block, etc.;

[0063] Fig. 20 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a preferred example in Example 1.

[0064] The figure shows:

[0065] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements may be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0067] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0068] The basic embodiment of the screw 101 provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0069] The screw 101 provided by the present invention comprises a nail head 111, a nail shank 112, and a nail tail 113 connected in sequence, and a snap-fit ​​groove 301 is provided on any one or more of the nail head 111, the nail shank 112, and the nail tail 113, and a snap-fit ​​member 310 is provided in the snap-fit ​​groove 301. The nail head 111 is provided with an external thread, and during assembly, the external thread directly matches with the fastened piece, or after the external thread matches with the nut 102, a primary fixing structure is formed for the fastened piece; the snap-fit ​​member 310 moves or deforms in the snap-fit ​​groove 301 and can be switched between the locked state and the unlocked state: the snap-fit ​​member 310 forms a secondary fixing structure in the locked state.

[0070] The following describes in detail various preferred examples of the basic embodiment of the screw 101:

[0071] Embodiment 1:

[0072] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the engaging groove 301 is arranged on the nail rod 112 and is located at one end of the nail rod 112 close to the nail tail 113 in the axial direction. Of course, preferably, the engaging groove 301 can also be located at one end of the nail rod 112 close to the nail head 111 in the axial direction. Preferably, the engaging groove 301 can also be located at both ends of the nail rod 112 in the axial direction. A plurality of engaging grooves 301 are distributed in the circumferential direction of the nail rod 112, and the bottom surface of the groove is arranged obliquely. The engaging member 310 is a magnetic ball 311, and a magnetic ball 311 is arranged in each engaging groove 301. The magnetic ball 311 can slide along the bottom surface of the groove under the action of the external magnetic field to change the radial position on the nail rod 112. The width of the notch position of the engaging groove 301 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the magnetic ball 311, so as to prevent the magnetic ball 311 from escaping from the engaging groove 301. In the locked state, a part of the magnetic ball 311 can reach the outside of the snap-fit ​​groove 301, so that the screw 101 comes into contact with the fastened structure, completing the secondary fixation; in the unlocked state, the magnetic ball 311 is entirely located in the snap-fit ​​groove 301, making it convenient to screw the screw 101 into the fastened structure. Figure 3 As shown, two or more magnet balls 311 are arranged in each snap-fitting groove 301, further increasing the strength of the secondary fixation. Preferably, the inclination angles of the bottom surfaces of the multiple snap-fitting grooves 301 may also be different, and the cross-sectional shape of the snap-fitting groove 301 may also be designed as required; preferably, only one snap-fitting groove 301 may be arranged, but correspondingly, the strength of the secondary fixation will be reduced. Preferably, as Fig.19 As shown, the engaging member 310 may also be in the shape of a block, a wedge-shaped block, etc. The magnet block, the magnet wedge-shaped block and other structures will not flip in the engaging groove 301. When a permanent magnet is used as the engaging member 310, the guiding performance is good; but the disadvantage is that it is not as flexible and convenient as the magnet ball 311. Preferably, as Fig. 20 As shown, a two-way snap-fit ​​structure is also provided on the nail head 111, and two pairs of snap-fit ​​grooves 301 with different groove bottom inclination directions are provided on the two-way snap-fit ​​structure, and a push spring 204 and a magnetic ball 311 are provided in the snap-fit ​​groove. When in use, the two-way snap-fit ​​structure can prevent the screw 101 from loosening in two axial directions at the same time, and the fixation is more reliable. In addition, in order to facilitate the smooth installation of the screw 101 on the fastener, the two-way snap-fit ​​structure is also configured with an auxiliary magnet 330. During the installation process, the auxiliary magnet 330 attracts the magnetic ball 311 to the inside of the snap-fit ​​groove 301, that is, it is in the corresponding position of the unlocked state; after the screw 101 is installed in place, the auxiliary magnet 330 is removed, and the magnetic ball 311 reaches the corresponding position of the unlocked state under the action of the rebound force of the push spring 204.

[0073] Embodiment 2:

[0074] This embodiment is a structural variation of the embodiment 1. The engaging grooves 301 are not arranged individually in the circumferential direction of the nail rod 112, but extend along the circumferential direction of the nail rod 112 to form an annular groove or an arc groove, and the bottom surface of the engaging groove 301 is still arranged obliquely. Figure 4 As shown, the engaging member 310 is a combination structure of an arc magnet 312 and a closed elastic member 313, that is, two arc magnets 312 are connected by the closed elastic member 313 to form an annular structure, which is sleeved on the bottom surface of the engaging groove 301. The closed elastic member 313 can be a spring, a reed, etc. Under the action of the external magnetic field, the engaging member 310 moves from right to left, and switches from the unlocked state to the locked state. The closed elastic member 313 is stretched, and the arc magnet 312 extends out of the engaging groove 301, thereby forming a secondary fixation for the fastened member.

[0075] Preferably, if Figure 5 As shown, the engaging member 310 is an elastic annular magnet 314. In the unlocked state, the elastic annular magnet 314 is a directional shaped structure, such as an elliptical shape; in the locked state, the elastic annular magnet 314 stretches into a circle under the action of the external magnetic field to achieve the engaging function. After the external magnetic field is removed, the elastic annular magnet 314 changes into a directional shaped structure again under the action of the rebound force. That is to say, the conversion between the unlocked state and the locked state is completed by the elastic stretching and contraction of the elastic annular magnet 314 itself. Preferably, as Figure 6 As shown, the engaging member 310 is a combination structure of an arc-shaped elastic member 315 and a magnet, that is, the arc-shaped elastic member 315 is a non-closed structure, the arc-shaped elastic member 315 serves as a support frame, and one or more magnets are arranged along the length extension direction of the arc-shaped elastic member 315. Preferably, as Figure 7 As shown, the engaging member 310 is a structure of two magnetic rings 316, the magnetic poles of the two magnetic rings 316 are arranged in opposite directions, and a secondary fixing effect is obtained through repulsion. During the disassembly process, an external magnetic field can be applied to offset or reduce the repulsion between the two magnetic rings 316, so as to facilitate unlocking. Figure 8 As shown, the engaging member 310 is a combination of a wave ring piece 317 and a pressing piece 318. When the screw is installed, the wave ring piece 317 is deformed, and then the secondary fixation is completed by applying pressure on the pressing piece 318. The pressing piece 318 can be a pressing ring or a pressing piece. Fig. 9 As shown, the engaging member 310 is an elastic matrix 319, which is filled with magnetic particles. The elastic matrix 319 has a certain degree of stretchability. When the magnet is driven by an external magnetic field, the elastic matrix 319 is displaced to complete the conversion from the unlocked state to the locked state. Preferably, the elastic matrix 319 can be an elastic tube such as a rubber tube, or a braided ring with elasticity.

[0076] Preferably, the inclination angle of the bottom surface of the annular groove changes with the circumferential extension, such as Figure 3 As shown, in the vertical section, the upper groove bottom surface has a small slope, and the lower groove bottom surface has a large slope. This structure enables multiple engaging members 310 to be concentrated and stacked, thereby achieving fixation in the circumferential direction. Further preferably, the engaging member 310 is in a circular ring, an elliptical ring or an arc shape, and a part or the whole of the engaging member 310 is a magnet. In the unlocked state, the engaging member 310 extends from the upper left to the lower right. Since the upper groove bottom surface slope is longer, the engaging member 310 can be located in the engaging groove 301 as a whole; in the locked state, the engaging member 310 moves to the lower left under the action of the external magnetic field. Since the lower groove bottom surface slope is shorter, the engaging member 310 can protrude out of the engaging groove 301, thereby playing a secondary fixing role for the fastener.

[0077] Embodiment 3:

[0078] This embodiment is a structural variation of the embodiment 1. Fig.10 As shown, a positioning hole 201 is provided on the nail tail 113, and the positioning hole 201 is connected with the engaging groove 301. A push rod 202 is slidably installed in the positioning hole 201, and the push rod 202 is used to push the engaging member 310 from the corresponding position of the unlocked state to the corresponding position of the locked state. Since a contact driving method is adopted, the engaging member 310 does not necessarily have magnetism. During use, after the screw 101 is installed in the fastener to complete the primary fixation, the push rod 202 is pushed into the positioning hole 201, so that the engaging member 310 is displaced along the inclined groove bottom surface, converted to the locked state to complete the secondary fixation, and finally the positioning hole 201 is potted to form a potting part 203, and the position of the push rod 202 is fixed. The push rod 202 is a post-installed elastic body, and preferably, the push rod 202 can also be a rigid body.

[0079] Embodiment 4:

[0080] This embodiment is a structural variation of the embodiment 1. Fig.11 As shown, a push spring 204 is disposed in the engaging groove 301, and the two ends of the push spring 204 along the axial direction are respectively connected to the engaging member 310 and the nail tail 113. The push spring 204 pushes the engaging member 310 to a position corresponding to the locking state when in the released state. After the screw 101 is installed in the fastener, under the action of the push spring 204, the engaging member 310 always plays a secondary fixing role.

[0081] Example 5

[0082] This embodiment is a structural variation of the embodiment 1. Fig.13As shown, the engaging groove 301 is located in the middle of the nail rod 112. In actual use, when one of the two parts being fastened is made of relatively soft material, the engaging member 310 contacts the relatively soft part, and the secondary fixing effect may be poor; by changing the position of the engaging groove 301, the engaging member 310 can be contacted and engaged with the other part with relatively hard material, so as to obtain a better secondary fixing effect.

[0083] The basic embodiment of the nut 102 provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0084] The nut 102 is provided with an axial through hole, and an internal thread is provided in the axial through hole. A snap-fit ​​groove 301 is provided on the hole wall surface of one of the two ends of the axial through hole or on the hole wall surface of both ends along the axial direction. A snap-fit ​​piece 310 is provided in the snap-fit ​​groove 301, and the snap-fit ​​piece 310 moves or deforms in the snap-fit ​​groove 301 and can be switched between the locked state and the unlocked state. Similar to the working principle of the screw 101, the internal thread on the nut 102 is matched with the screw 101 to complete the primary fixation of the fastener, and the snap-fit ​​block completes the secondary fixation of the fastener in the locked state.

[0085] The following describes in detail various preferred examples of the basic embodiment of the nut 102:

[0086] Embodiment 6:

[0087] like Figure 14 to Figure 15 As shown, a snap-fit ​​groove 301 is provided on the wall surface of one end hole at both ends of the axial through hole of the nut 102 in the axial direction, and the other end is chamfered or rounded. The snap-fit ​​groove 301 extends along the length direction through the axial end surface of the end where the snap-fit ​​groove 301 is located on the nut 102, and the groove bottom surface of the snap-fit ​​groove 301 is arranged obliquely, and multiple snap-fit ​​grooves 301 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the nut 102. The snap-fit ​​member 310 is a magnetic ball 311, which can slide along the groove bottom surface under the action of an external magnetic field to change the radial position on the nail rod 112, and the width of the notch position of the snap-fit ​​groove 301 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the magnetic ball 311 to prevent the magnetic ball 311 from escaping from the snap-fit ​​groove 301. In the locked state, a part of the magnetic ball 311 can reach outside the axial end surface of the nut 102, thereby contacting with the fastener to complete the secondary fixation. In the unlocked state, the magnetic ball 311 can reach the engaging groove 301 as a whole, making it convenient for the nut 102 to be screwed onto the screw 101 .

[0088] Preferably, if Fig.16As shown, the engaging groove 301 is annular, and the engaging member 310 is also designed as an annular or arc-shaped magnet. Preferably, the engaging groove 301 may not penetrate the axial end face of the nut 102, and the secondary fixation of the fastener is indirectly completed by the engagement between the engaging member 310 and the screw 101. Preferably, one or more magnetic balls may be configured in each engaging groove 301. Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the engaging groove 301 may be designed accordingly as needed. Preferably, the engaging member 310 may also be in the shape of a block, a wedge block, etc. Similarly, the width of the notch position of the engaging groove 301 is slightly smaller than the width of the block-shaped or wedge-shaped engaging member 310 to prevent the engaging member 310 from falling out.

[0089] Embodiment 7:

[0090] This embodiment provides a structural variation of Embodiment 6. Fig.17 As shown, the axial through hole of the nut 102 is provided with engaging grooves 301 at both ends in the axial direction, and the engaging grooves 301 at both ends can be symmetrically arranged, or can be different in factors such as the inclination angle of the groove bottom surface, the cross-sectional shape, and the axial length. An auxiliary magnet 330 is also installed on the nut 102 to assist in the installation or unlocking of the engaging member 310.

[0091] Embodiment 8:

[0092] This embodiment provides a structural variation of Embodiment 6. Fig.18 As shown, a positioning hole 201 is provided on the circumferential end face of the nut 102, and the positioning hole 201 is connected with the engaging groove 301, and a push rod 202 is slidably installed in the positioning hole 201, and the push rod 202 is used to push the engaging member 310 from the corresponding position of the unlocked state to the corresponding position of the locked state. Since a contact driving method is adopted, the engaging member 310 does not necessarily have magnetism. A guide platform 205 is also fastened to the circumferential end face of the nut 102, and a guide hole 206 is provided in the guide platform 205, and the guide hole 206 is connected with the positioning hole 201. The guide hole 206 and / or the positioning hole 201 are provided with internal threads, and the push rod 202 cooperates with the internal threads. When the push rod 202 is screwed into the engaging groove 301, the driving positioning member and the fastened member are contacted and fixed. Preferably, the push rod 202 can also be slidably assembled in the positioning hole 201. During use, when the nut 102 matches the screw rod to complete the primary fixation of the fastener, the push rod 202 is pushed into the positioning hole 201, causing the engaging member 310 to move along the inclined groove bottom surface and switch to a locked state to complete the secondary fixation.

[0093] The fastener assembly provided by the present invention comprises the above-mentioned screw 101 and the above-mentioned nut 102, wherein the screw 101 and the nut 102 are detachably connected. Fig.12As shown, in the embodiment, the screw 101 and the nut 102 are assembled to fix the fastener, and a magnetoelectric sensor 400 is installed on the fastener. The locking block is a magnet. The magnetoelectric sensor 400 can detect the change of the magnetic field caused by the change of the position of the locking block, and then can detect whether the position of the locking block reaches the position corresponding to the locked state under the action of the external magnetic field, and detect whether the fastener combination is loose during use.

[0094] A pressure sensor 500 capable of producing color changes is provided between the nut 102 and the fastener, and / or between the nail tail 113 and the fastener, that is, the color of each part on the pressure sensor 500 can change with the pressure, so as to facilitate the pressure distribution directly penetrating the corresponding parts.

[0095] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other at will.

Claims

1. A screw (101), characterized in that: It comprises a nail head (111), a nail shaft (112), and a nail tail (113) which are connected in sequence, wherein a clamping groove (301) is provided on any one or more of the nail head (111), the nail shaft (112), and the nail tail (113), and a clamping piece (310) is provided in the clamping groove (301); The engaging member (310) moves or deforms in the engaging groove (301) and can be switched between a locked state and an unlocked state; The engaging groove (301) is arranged at any one or more of the following positions on the nail rod portion (112): -- one end where the nail tail (113) is located in the axial direction; -- one end where the nail head (111) is located in the axial direction; -- the middle part in the axial direction; A plurality of engaging grooves (301) are distributed along the circumferential direction of the nail rod portion (112); or, the nail rod portion (112) extends in the circumferential direction to form an annular groove or an arc-shaped groove; Along the circumferential direction of the nail rod portion (112), the inclination angles of the bottom surfaces of the engaging grooves (301) are equal or unequal; The engaging member (310) comprises any one or more of the following structures: --Magnetic ball (311); --A combined structure of an arc-shaped magnet (312) and a closing elastic member (313); -- elastic annular magnet (314); --A combined structure of an arc-shaped elastic member (315) and a magnet; --A combined structure of two magnetic rings (316); --Combined structure of the wave ring piece (317) and the compression piece (318); --A combined structure of an elastic matrix (319) and magnetic particles; A push spring (204) is arranged in the engaging groove (301), and two ends of the push spring (204) along the axial direction are respectively connected to the engaging member (310) and the nail tail (113); When the push spring (204) is in the released state, the engaging member (310) is located at a position corresponding to the locked state.

2. The screw (101) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nail tail portion (113) is provided with a positioning hole (201), and the positioning hole (201) and the engaging groove (301) are communicated with each other; A push rod (202) is slidably installed in the positioning hole (201), and the push rod (202) is an elastic body or a rigid body; The push rod (202) can contact the engaging member (310); a potting portion (203) is also provided in the positioning hole (201); the engaging member (310) and the potting portion (203) are respectively located at two ends of the push rod (202) along the axial direction.

3. A nut (102), characterized in that: The nut (102) is provided with an axial through hole, and an internal thread is provided in the axial through hole; A clamping groove (301) is provided on the hole wall surface of one of the two ends of the axial through hole along the axial direction or on the hole wall surfaces of both ends; A locking member (310) is provided in the locking groove (301), and the locking member (310) moves or deforms in the locking groove (301) so as to be able to switch between a locked state and an unlocked state; The bottom surface of the engaging groove (301) is arranged inclined; A plurality of engaging grooves (301) are arranged along the circumferential direction of the nut (102); the engaging member (310) comprises a small magnetic ball, and the width of the notch position of the engaging groove (301) is smaller than the diameter of the small magnetic ball (311); or, The engaging groove (301) is annular, and the engaging member (310) comprises an annular or arc-shaped magnet.

4. The nut (102) according to claim 3, characterized in that: A positioning hole (201) is provided on the circumferential end surface of the nut (102), the positioning hole (201) and the engaging groove (301) are communicated with each other, and a push rod (202) is slidably installed in the positioning hole (201); A guide platform (205) is also fastened to the circumferential end surface of the nut (102), a guide hole (206) is provided in the guide platform (205), and the guide hole (206) is communicated with the positioning hole (201).

5. A fastener assembly, characterized in that: A screw (101) comprising any one of claims 1 to 2 and a nut (102) according to any one of claims 3 to 4; The screw (101) and the nut (102) are detachably connected.

6. The fastener assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a magnetoelectric sensor (400) and a pressure sensor (500); The magnetoelectric sensor (400) is mounted on the fastener; The pressure sensor (500) is installed between the nut (102) and the fastener, and / or between the nail tail (113) and the fastener.

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