An energy-dissipating shed tunnel capable of generating plastic deformation and its maintenance method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a plastically deformable energy-dissipating shed tunnel and its maintenance method. The tunnel comprises sidewalls and a roof, the sidewalls and roof being connected by a plurality of metal cylindrical energy-dissipating supports. The bottom ends of the energy-dissipating supports are connected to the top ends of the sidewalls, and the top ends of the energy-dissipating supports are connected to the bottom ends of the roof via sliding hinge supports. The roof is a reinforced concrete structure. The present invention aims to provide a plastically deformable energy-dissipating shed tunnel and its maintenance method to address the existing problems of low rockfall resistance and increased permanent loads caused by excessive backfill, thereby improving safety and reducing structural costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of road safety protection, and in particular to an energy-consuming shed tunnel capable of generating plastic deformation and a maintenance method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, following numerous severe earthquakes, high-altitude landslides, and other geological disasters in mountainous areas, the urgent need to open and maintain access to mountain roads, particularly in complex terrain, has become a critical priority. Constructing reinforced concrete tunnels has proven effective in preventing rockfalls in narrow terrain, steep slopes, and environments where accessibility is critical.

[0003] However, the shed tunnel structure is simply supported, offering limited resistance to rockfall impact and a low level of protection. Traditional reinforced concrete shed tunnels also require a 2-3m thick backfill of soil and rock to protect the structure and cushion the impact of falling rocks. However, the heavy weight of the backfill increases the permanent load on the shed tunnel, necessitating a larger cross-sectional dimension and more reinforcement during shed tunnel design to meet these requirements. This is detrimental to cost control and structural seismic resistance, and the backfill's effectiveness in cushioning the impact of falling rocks is limited. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy-consuming shed tunnel that can produce plastic deformation and a maintenance method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the prior art that the shed tunnel structure has low resistance to falling rock impact and the backfill soil and rocks are too thick, which increases the permanent load, thereby achieving the purpose of improving safety and reducing structural costs.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] An energy-absorbing shed tunnel capable of producing plastic deformation comprises side walls and a top plate. The side walls and the top plate are connected by a number of energy-absorbing supports, which are metal cylinders. The bottom ends of the energy-absorbing supports and the top ends of the side walls, as well as the top ends of the energy-absorbing supports and the bottom ends of the top plate, are connected by sliding hinge supports. The top plate is a reinforced concrete structure.

[0007] In the prior art, the shed tunnel is a simply supported structure, resulting in low resistance to rockfall impact, and the backfill soil and rocks are too thick, which increases the permanent load, resulting in the need to increase the cross-sectional size and add more steel bars, affecting the seismic resistance and project cost. To this end, the present application proposes an energy-consuming shed tunnel that can produce plastic deformation. The design concept of the present application is based on the principle of conservation of energy: energy will not be created or destroyed out of thin air. To improve the rockfall impact resistance of the shed tunnel, it is necessary to dissipate energy through the generation of plastic deformation of the structure. However, the shed tunnel structure itself is not allowed to produce plastic deformation, otherwise it will seriously threaten the safety of people's lives and property. Therefore, it is sought to set up an energy-consuming structure at the simply supported connection of the shed tunnel. Specifically: the side wall and the top plate of the shed tunnel are connected by a number of energy-consuming supports. The energy-consuming supports are metal cylinders, which are non-solid structures. Therefore, they have good plastic deformation capabilities. When rockfall impacts, the energy-consuming supports can produce wrinkle plastic deformation, thereby dissipating a large amount of impact energy. The upper and lower ends of the energy-absorbing support are respectively connected to the top plate and the side wall through sliding hinge supports. The sliding hinge support is a hinge support structure that can constrain vertical displacement and limit horizontal movement distance. When falling rocks impact obliquely, the horizontal component of force is consumed by the displacement of the sliding hinge support. The sliding hinge support in the prior art can be applied to this application. In addition, the top plate in this application is a reinforced concrete structure, which can significantly improve the ductility of the roof of the shed and reduce the risk of local shear failure under the impact of falling rocks. In this application, energy-absorbing supports are used to provide buffering, which improves the buffering effect, reduces the top load, and significantly reduces the project cost compared to the prior art method of relying on backfilling thick soil and rock layers.

[0008] Furthermore, the roof plate includes steel beams and concrete covering the steel beams. That is, the reinforced concrete structure of the roof plate in this solution is composed of steel beams and concrete. The steel beams serve as the skeleton. The steel beams are first formed and then concrete is poured uniformly to form a solid, integrated prefabricated structure. The steel beams are located within the concrete.

[0009] Furthermore, the steel beam includes a bottom plate, a plurality of mutually parallel extension plates fixed on the bottom plate, and a plurality of steel bars passing through all the extension plates; the bottom plate and the extension plates are all steel plates. The plurality of extension plates are parallel to each other, and the extension plates are located on the bottom plate, preferably perpendicular to the upper surface of the bottom plate, and the steel bars pass through the extension plates that are opposite to each other. In this solution, the length direction of the extension plates must be staggered with the length direction of the steel bars, so that the ductility of the top plate is improved in both the vertical and horizontal directions, and the steel and concrete are combined together to bear the force together through the upward extending extension plates and steel bars, thereby increasing the contact area between the steel and concrete, thereby resisting the lifting effect between the concrete and the steel beam, and giving full play to the advantages of both steel and concrete.

[0010] Furthermore, the extension plates are provided with a plurality of through holes through which the steel bars pass. The through holes between two opposing extension plates must also be aligned, so that a steel bar can pass through each extension plate at the same time.

[0011] Furthermore, the length of the extension plates is parallel to the span of the shelter, with several extension plates distributed along the length of the shelter. A single extension plate, with its length oriented along the shelter's span, is primarily subject to the oblique impact of falling rocks from above. Therefore, distributing the extension plates parallel to the shelter's span fully leverages their stiffening effect on the shelter, significantly improving the shelter's ability to withstand lateral impacts from falling rocks. Several parallel extension plates are distributed sequentially along the length of the shelter, ensuring that the entire length of the shelter is reinforced by extension plates.

[0012] Furthermore, a 40 to 60 cm thick protective layer is laid above the top plate, and the protective layer is backfill soil or buffer material. The protective layer in this solution only plays a protective role, which is completely different from the soil and rock layer backfilled above the shed hole in the prior art to buffer the impact of falling rocks. Since the present application does not rely on backfill soil and rock to provide a buffering effect, the thickness of the protective layer only needs to be set to 40 to 60 cm to achieve shielding protection for the top plate. Compared with the shed hole with 2 to 3 m thick backfill soil and rock in the prior art, the top has a small deadweight, which can significantly reduce the permanent load of the shed hole. Therefore, there is no need to increase the cross-sectional size or add more steel bars when designing the shed hole, so it will not lead to a decrease in seismic performance and can significantly reduce the project cost.

[0013] Preferably, the energy dissipation support is a double-layer cylindrical thin-walled metal cylinder. When the protection energy level is high, using a double-layer cylindrical thin-walled metal cylinder as the energy dissipation support can further improve the energy dissipation performance.

[0014] Preferably, the energy dissipation support is 30-80 cm high, 25 cm in outer diameter, and 5-8 mm thick. The aspect ratio of the energy dissipation support should not be too large. Depending on the protection level, the optimal aspect ratio is between 1.2 and 3.2.

[0015] Preferably, the top plate is tilted at a slope of 1:5 to facilitate the rapid release of falling rocks from the top plate and the sliding of the rocks upwards towards the sides of the shed hole due to inertia. The top plate is preferably tilted towards the outside of the shed hole.

[0016] A maintenance method for an energy-consuming shed tunnel that can produce plastic deformation. When the energy-consuming support is severely deformed, a jack is used to prop up the top plate and replace the new energy-consuming support. The upper and lower ends of the energy-consuming support are connected by sliding hinge supports. The connection method of the sliding hinge support is simple and can be achieved through matching slide rails and sliders, and can be disassembled very conveniently. The energy-consuming support in this application is a consumable component. When it is severely wrinkled and deformed due to the impact of falling rocks from above, a jack can be used to prop up the top plate, and the energy-consuming support that has been severely deformed and whose energy-consuming performance is basically overdrawn can be replaced, thereby significantly extending the service life of this application and significantly reducing maintenance costs compared to traditional shed tunnels that can only be completely replaced once damaged.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. The present invention provides an energy-consuming shed tunnel capable of producing plastic deformation and a maintenance method thereof, which provides buffering through energy-consuming supports. Compared with the prior art method of relying on backfilling thick soil and rock layers to provide buffering, the present invention improves the buffering effect, reduces the top load, and significantly reduces the project cost.

[0019] 2. The energy-consuming shed tunnel that can produce plastic deformation and its maintenance method, compared with the shed tunnel with 2 to 3 m thick backfilled soil and rock in the prior art, has a small top deadweight and can significantly reduce the permanent load of the shed tunnel. Therefore, there is no need to increase the cross-sectional size or add more steel bars when designing the shed tunnel.

[0020] 3. The present invention provides an energy-consuming shed tunnel that can produce plastic deformation and a maintenance method thereof. The top plate adopts a steel and concrete structure, which improves the ductility of the shed tunnel top plate and reduces the risk of local shear failure caused by the impact of falling rocks.

[0021] 4. The present invention provides an energy-consuming shed tunnel that can produce plastic deformation and a maintenance method thereof. When the energy-consuming support is severely wrinkled and deformed by the impact of falling rocks from above, the top plate can be propped up by a jack to replace the energy-consuming support that has been severely deformed and whose energy-consuming performance has been basically overdrawn, thereby significantly extending the service life of the present application; compared with traditional shed tunnels that can only be completely replaced once damaged, the maintenance cost is significantly reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, constitute a part of this application, and do not constitute a limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 It is an elevation view of a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a steel beam in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the energy dissipation support in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Markings and corresponding parts names in the accompanying drawings:

[0027] 1-side wall, 2-top plate, 201-bottom plate, 202-extension plate, 203-rebar, 204-through hole, 3-energy-absorbing support, 4-protective layer, 5-ground line, 6-falling rock, 7-sliding hinge support. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with examples and drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] like Figure 1 The energy-absorbing shed cavern that can produce plastic deformation shown in the figure includes side walls 1 and a top plate 2. The side walls 1 and the top plate 2 are connected by a number of energy-absorbing supports 3, and the energy-absorbing supports 3 are metal cylinders; the bottom end of the energy-absorbing support 3 and the top end of the side wall 1, and the top end of the energy-absorbing support 3 and the bottom end of the top plate 2 are connected by sliding hinge supports; the top plate 2 is a reinforced concrete structure.

[0031] Example 2:

[0032] like Figures 1 to 3 The energy-dissipating shed tunnel capable of plastic deformation is shown. Based on Example 1, the top plate 2 comprises a steel beam and concrete covering the steel beam. The steel beam comprises a bottom plate 201, several parallel extension plates 202 fixed to the bottom plate 201, and several steel bars 203 passing through all the extension plates 202. Both the bottom plate 201 and the extension plates 202 are steel plates. The extension plates 202 are provided with several through-holes 204, through which the steel bars 203 pass.

[0033] Preferably, the length direction of the extension plate is parallel to the span direction of the shed hole, and several extension plates are distributed along the length direction of the shed hole. In the specific configuration of this embodiment, the length direction of the shed hole is the longitudinal direction, the span direction of the shed hole is the transverse direction, and the span of the top plate is consistent with the span size of the shed hole, so that the top plate is completely laid above the shed hole in the span direction of the shed hole, and the longitudinal width of the top plate is 2m. Adjacent top plates are arranged closely together on the top of the shed hole in the longitudinal direction, and the thickness of each top plate is 35 to 40cm. The extension plate 202 is an inverted T-shaped steel plate. The spacing between two adjacent extension plates 202 in the longitudinal direction is 0.5m. A through hole 204 with a diameter of 4cm is opened every 0.1m in the transverse direction on each extension plate 202 for passing the longitudinal steel bars 203 and then pouring concrete.

[0034] Preferably, a 50 cm thick protective layer 4 is laid above the top plate 2, and the protective layer 4 is backfill soil or buffer material.

[0035] Preferably, the energy dissipation support 3 is a double-layer cylindrical thin-walled metal cylinder.

[0036] Preferably, the top plate 2 is inclined along a slope of 1:5.

[0037] In this embodiment, the sliding hinge support is as follows Figure 3 As shown, this is achieved by matching sliders and slide rails, thereby satisfying the effect of constraining vertical displacement and limiting horizontal movement distance.

[0038] During use of this embodiment, when the energy-absorbing support 3 is severely deformed, the top plate 2 is propped up with a jack and a new energy-absorbing support 3 is replaced.

[0039] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-dissipating shed cavern capable of producing plastic deformation, comprising side walls (1) and a top plate (2), characterized in that: The side walls (1) and the top plate (2) are connected via a plurality of energy-absorbing supports (3), wherein the energy-absorbing supports (3) are metal cylinders; the bottom ends of the energy-absorbing supports (3) and the top ends of the side walls (1), and the top ends of the energy-absorbing supports (3) and the bottom ends of the top plate (2) are connected via sliding hinge supports; and the top plate (2) is a reinforced concrete structure.

2. The energy-dissipating shed tunnel capable of producing plastic deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top plate (2) comprises a steel beam and concrete covering the steel beam.

3. The energy-dissipating shed cavern capable of producing plastic deformation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steel beam comprises a bottom plate (201), a plurality of mutually parallel extension plates (202) fixed on the bottom plate (201), and a plurality of steel bars (203) passing through all the extension plates (202); the bottom plate (201) and the extension plates (202) are both steel plates.

4. The energy-dissipating shed cavern capable of producing plastic deformation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The extension plate (202) is provided with a plurality of through holes (204), and the steel bars (203) pass through the through holes (204).

5. The energy-dissipating shed cavern capable of producing plastic deformation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The length direction of the extension plate (202) is parallel to the span direction of the shed hole, and a plurality of extension plates (202) are distributed along the length direction of the shed hole.

6. The energy-dissipating shed cavern capable of producing plastic deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A protective layer (4) with a thickness of 40 to 60 cm is laid above the top plate (2), and the protective layer (4) is backfill soil or buffer material.

7. The energy-dissipating shed tunnel capable of producing plastic deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy-absorbing support (3) is a double-layer cylindrical thin-walled metal cylinder.

8. The energy dissipation shed cavern capable of producing plastic deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy-consuming support (3) has a height of 30 to 80 cm, an outer diameter of 25 cm, and a wall thickness of 5 to 8 mm.

9. The energy dissipation shed cavern capable of producing plastic deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top plate (2) is inclined along a slope of 1:

5.

10. A maintenance method for an energy-consuming shed tunnel capable of producing plastic deformation according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: When the energy-consuming support (3) is severely deformed, the top plate (2) is supported by a jack and a new energy-consuming support (3) is replaced.

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