An energetic charge liner and energetic material for a double-effect perforating bullet

Abstract

The invention discloses an energetic charge liner and energetic material for a double-effect perforating bullet. The energetic charge liner comprises an ordinary charge liner and an energetic material layer, and the energetic material layer is attached to the surface of the ordinary charge liner. The energetic material layer comprises 18%-24% tungsten powder, 3%-9% copper-lead alloy powder, 1.5%-6% copper powder, 10%-25% aluminum powder, 30%-50% nickel powder, 5%-15% titanium powder, and 0.5%-1% graphite. Compared with ordinary charge liners, the charge liner of this formula has the effects of increasing the aperture and increasing the crack cleaning channel in the channel and improving the recovery rate without reducing the penetration depth of the perforating bullet.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of charge caps for perforating bullets, and in particular relates to an energetic charge cap and energetic material for double-effect perforating bullets. Background Art

[0002] During the process of shaped-energy perforating, ordinary metal charge caps form high-speed and high-pressure metal jets in the axial direction, which penetrate and perforate the formation. However, while perforating, the jets also crush and compact the surrounding rocks, forming a compaction zone with a thickness of 5 to 13 mm. In addition, some metal powder and rock debris remain in the hole, increasing the resistance of the liquid to the casing and reducing the permeability. The average permeability drops by about 30%, seriously affecting the recovery rate of oil and gas wells. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the present invention provides an energetic charge liner and energetic material for a double-effect perforating bullet, which are used to improve the recovery rate of oil and gas wells.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

[0005] An energetic charge liner for a double-effect perforating bullet comprises an ordinary charge liner and an energetic material layer closely attached to the outer surface of the ordinary charge liner.

[0006] The present invention also includes the following technical features:

[0007] Specifically, the common charge liner is a shell of a conical structure, a conical-conical composite structure, or a conical-curved-surface-conical composite structure; the space enclosed by the common charge liner is the hollow area of ​​the perforating bullet.

[0008] Specifically, the inner surface of the energetic material layer has the same shape and size as the outer surface of the common liner, and the outer surface of the energetic material layer is parallel or non-parallel to the inner surface thereof.

[0009] Specifically, when the ordinary medicine liner is a shell of a conical-conical composite structure, the conical-conical composite structure includes an upper conical surface and a conical side surface coaxial with the upper conical surface; the bottom radius of the upper conical surface is equal to the upper bottom radius of the conical side surface, and the taper of the upper conical surface is greater than the taper of the conical side surface.

[0010] Specifically, when the ordinary medicine cover is a shell of a conical surface and truncated cone composite structure, the conical surface and truncated cone composite structure includes a top conical surface, a middle curved surface and a lower truncated cone side surface that are coaxial and connected in sequence; the middle curved surface includes an upper bottom surface of the middle curved surface, a lower bottom surface of the middle curved surface and a side surface of the middle curved surface, and the side surface of the middle curved surface is an arc-shaped convex surface; the bottom surface radius of the top conical surface is equal to the bottom surface radius of the upper middle curved surface, and the lower bottom surface radius of the middle curved surface is equal to the upper bottom surface radius of the lower truncated cone side surface; the taper of the top conical surface is greater than the taper of the lower truncated cone side surface.

[0011] Specifically, the shell wall thickness of the common medicine liner is 0.5mm to 2.5mm; the thickness of the energetic material layer is 0.2mm to 8mm.

[0012] Specifically, the energetic material layer is located between the common charge liner and the high-energy explosive layer; the weight of the energetic material layer is 40%-100% of the weight of the common charge liner.

[0013] An energetic material for a double-effect perforating bullet comprises the following raw materials: tungsten powder, copper-lead alloy powder, copper powder, aluminum powder, mixed powder of nickel powder and titanium powder, and graphite.

[0014] Specifically, the raw materials include, by mass percentage, 18%-24% tungsten powder, 3%-9% copper-lead alloy powder, 1.5%-6% copper powder, 10%-25% aluminum powder, 30%-50% nickel powder, 5%-15% titanium powder, and 0.5%-2% graphite; the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%.

[0015] Specifically, in the copper-lead alloy powder, the copper powder accounts for 70%-90% by mass of the copper-lead alloy powder, and the lead powder accounts for 10%-30% by mass of the copper-lead alloy powder.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0017] The energetic charge liner of the present invention comprises an ordinary charge liner and an energetic material layer. In the process of the ordinary charge liner forming a high-speed and high-pressure metal jet penetrating the formation, the energetic material layer is brought into the channel, and at the same time, the energetic material in a metastable state is activated, and the energetic material reacts violently with the well fluid in the channel, releasing a large amount of heat and gas, causing the pressure in the channel to rise sharply, generating a high-temperature surge, and the surge removes the debris in the channel while expanding the channel and increasing the channel cracks, thereby improving the recovery rate of the oil and gas well.

[0018] After the metal jet generated by the explosion of the perforating bullet penetrates the perforation channel, the energetic material layer enters the channel with the jet, and the energetic material layer produces a strong exothermic reaction within milliseconds. The released energy increases the pressure of the channel, generates a surge into the wellbore, and flushes the compacted zone of the channel; the large amount of gas and heat generated by the reaction of the energetic material layer improves the seepage characteristics of the compacted zone, removes the rock debris and metal powder that fall off in the channel from the entire channel, and generates cracks at the end of the channel, so that the oil flow channel is optimized, and finally the goal of cleaning the channel and improving the flow conductivity is achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energetic charge liner of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the common liner of the present invention, (a) conical structure, (b) conical frustum composite structure, (c) conical curved surface frustum composite structure;

[0021] The numbers in the figure are as follows: 1-ordinary charge liner, 2-energetic material layer, 3-hollow area of ​​perforating bullet, 4-upper conical surface, 5-flank side of cone, 6-top conical surface, 7-middle curved surface, 8-side of lower cone.

[0022] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments. All equivalent changes made on the basis of the technical solution of this application fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The experimental operations in the following embodiments are conventional experimental operations unless otherwise specified; the raw materials or materials used in the embodiments are purchased from conventional chemical reagent companies unless otherwise specified.

[0024] Embodiment 1:

[0025] This embodiment provides an energetic charge liner for a dual-effect perforating bullet, comprising an ordinary charge liner 1 and an energetic material layer 2 closely attached to the outer surface of the ordinary charge liner 1 .

[0026] The common charge liner 1 is a shell of a conical structure or a conical-conical composite structure or a conical-curved-surface-conical composite structure; the space enclosed by the common charge liner 1 is the hollow area 3 of the perforating bullet.

[0027] The inner surface of the energetic material layer 2 has the same shape and size as the outer surface of the common liner 1 , and the outer surface of the energetic material layer 2 is parallel or non-parallel to its inner surface.

[0028] When the common medicine liner 1 is a shell of a conical-conical composite structure, the conical-conical composite structure includes an upper conical surface 4 and a conical side surface 5 coaxial with the upper conical surface 4; the bottom radius of the upper conical surface 4 is equal to the upper bottom radius of the conical side surface 5, and the taper of the upper conical surface 4 is greater than the taper of the conical side surface 5.

[0029] When the common medicine liner 1 is a shell of a conical surface and truncated cone composite structure, the conical surface and truncated cone composite structure includes a top conical surface 6, a middle curved surface 7 and a lower truncated cone side surface 8 which are coaxial and connected in sequence; the middle curved surface 7 includes an upper bottom surface of the middle curved surface, a lower bottom surface of the middle curved surface and a side surface of the middle curved surface, and the side surface of the middle curved surface is an arc-shaped convex surface; the bottom surface radius of the top conical surface 6 is equal to the bottom surface radius of the upper middle curved surface, and the lower bottom surface radius of the middle curved surface is equal to the upper bottom surface radius of the lower truncated cone side surface 8; the taper of the top conical surface 6 is greater than the taper of the lower truncated cone side surface 8.

[0030] The thickness of the common medicine liner 1 is 0.5-2.5 mm.

[0031] The thickness of the energetic material layer 2 is 0.2 mm to 8 mm.

[0032] The energetic material layer 2 is located between the common charge liner 1 and the high-energy explosive layer.

[0033] The weight of the energetic material layer 2 is 40%-100% of the weight of the common medicine liner 1.

[0034] Embodiment 2:

[0035] This embodiment provides an energetic material for a dual-effect perforating bullet, including the following raw materials: tungsten powder, copper-lead alloy powder, copper powder, aluminum powder, a mixture of nickel powder and titanium powder, and graphite.

[0036] The raw materials include the following by mass percentage: 18%-24% tungsten powder, 3%-9% copper-lead alloy powder, 1.5%-6% copper powder, 10%-25% aluminum powder, 30%-50% nickel powder, 5%-15% titanium powder, and 0.5%-2% graphite; the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%. In the copper-lead alloy powder, the copper powder accounts for 70%-90% of the copper-lead alloy powder by mass, and the lead powder accounts for 10%-30% of the copper-lead alloy powder by mass.

[0037] More specifically, in this embodiment, the following raw materials are included: 19% tungsten powder, 9% copper-lead alloy powder, 1.5% copper powder, 25% aluminum powder, 30% nickel powder, 15% titanium powder, and 0.5% graphite; the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%. In the copper-lead alloy powder, the copper powder accounts for 70% of the copper-lead alloy powder by mass, and the lead powder accounts for 30% of the copper-lead alloy powder by mass.

[0038] After the energetic material prepared by the raw material of Example 2 was used in the dual-effect perforating bullet, the operating perforation depth was 778 mm, the hole diameter was 11.1 mm, and there was a crack at the tail of the hole; compared with the perforating bullet without energetic material, the hole volume was increased by 9.8%.

[0039] Embodiment 3:

[0040] This embodiment provides an energetic material for a double-effect perforating bullet. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the material comprises the following raw materials: 24% tungsten powder, 9% copper-lead alloy powder, 1.5% copper powder, 18% aluminum powder, 32% nickel powder, 15% titanium powder, and 0.5% graphite; the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%. In the copper-lead alloy powder, the copper powder accounts for 85% of the copper-lead alloy powder by mass, and the lead powder accounts for 15% of the copper-lead alloy powder by mass.

[0041] After the energetic material prepared by the raw material of Example 3 was used in the dual-effect perforating bullet, the operating perforation depth was 801 mm, the hole diameter was 11.7 mm, and there was a crack at the tail of the hole. Compared with the perforating bullet without energetic material, the hole volume was increased by 15.8%.

[0042] Embodiment 4:

[0043] This embodiment provides an energetic material for a double-effect perforating bullet. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that it includes the following raw materials: 24% tungsten powder, 9% copper-lead alloy powder, 1.5% copper powder, 10% aluminum powder, 40% nickel powder, 15% titanium powder, and 0.5% graphite; the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%. In the copper-lead alloy powder, the copper powder accounts for 85% of the copper-lead alloy powder by mass, and the lead powder accounts for 15% of the copper-lead alloy powder by mass.

[0044] After the energetic material prepared by the raw material of Example 4 was used in the dual-effect perforating bullet, the operating perforation depth was 917 mm, the hole diameter was 13.5 mm, and the cracks at the tail of the hole were obvious. Compared with the perforating bullet without energetic material, the hole volume was increased by 38.7%.

[0045] Embodiment 5:

[0046] This embodiment provides an energetic material for a double-effect perforating bullet. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the material comprises the following raw materials: 22% tungsten powder, 6% copper-lead alloy powder, 6% copper powder, 10% aluminum powder, 50% nickel powder, 5% titanium powder, and 1% graphite; the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%. In the copper-lead alloy powder, the copper powder accounts for 70% of the copper-lead alloy powder by mass, and the lead powder accounts for 30% of the copper-lead alloy powder by mass.

[0047] After the energetic material prepared by the raw material of Example 5 was used in the dual-effect perforating bullet, the operating perforation depth was 847 mm, the hole diameter was 12.8 mm, and the cracks at the tail of the hole were obvious. Compared with the perforating bullet without energetic material, the hole volume was increased by 23.7%.

[0048] Embodiment 6:

[0049] This embodiment provides an energetic material for a double-effect perforating bullet. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the material comprises the following raw materials: 18% tungsten powder, 6% copper-lead alloy powder, 4% copper powder, 10% aluminum powder, 50% nickel powder, 10% titanium powder, and 2% graphite; the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%. In the copper-lead alloy powder, the copper powder accounts for 70% of the copper-lead alloy powder by mass, and the lead powder accounts for 30% of the copper-lead alloy powder by mass.

[0050] After the energetic material prepared by the raw material of Example 6 was used in the dual-effect perforating bullet, the operating perforation depth was 803 mm, the hole diameter was 12.1 mm, and the cracks at the tail of the hole were obvious. Compared with the perforating bullet without energetic material, the hole volume was increased by 20.1%.

[0051] Embodiment 7:

[0052] This embodiment provides an energetic material for a double-effect perforating bullet. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the material comprises the following raw materials: 18% tungsten powder, 3% copper-lead alloy powder, 4% copper powder, 10% aluminum powder, 50% nickel powder, 14% titanium powder, and 1% graphite; the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%. In the copper-lead alloy powder, the copper powder accounts for 70% of the copper-lead alloy powder by mass, and the lead powder accounts for 30% of the copper-lead alloy powder by mass.

[0053] After the energetic material prepared by the raw material of Example 7 was used in the dual-effect perforating bullet, the operating perforation depth was 791 mm, the hole diameter was 11.9 mm, and the cracks at the tail of the hole were obvious. Compared with the perforating bullet without energetic material, the hole volume was increased by 12.1%.

Claims

1. An energetic charge liner for a double-effect perforating bullet, characterized in that: It comprises a common charge liner (1) and an energetic material layer (2) closely attached to the outer surface of the common charge liner (1); The common charge liner (1) is a shell of a conical frustum composite structure or a conical curved frustum composite structure; the space enclosed by the common charge liner (1) is the perforating bullet hollow area (3); The inner surface of the energetic material layer (2) has the same shape and size as the outer surface of the common charge liner (1), and the outer surface of the energetic material layer (2) is parallel or non-parallel to the inner surface thereof; When the conventional liner (1) is a shell of a conical-conical composite structure, the conical-conical composite structure comprises an upper conical surface (4) and a conical side surface (5) coaxial with the upper conical surface (4); the bottom radius of the upper conical surface (4) is equal to the upper bottom radius of the conical side surface (5), and the taper of the upper conical surface (4) is greater than the taper of the conical side surface (5); When the conventional charge liner (1) is a shell of a conical surface and truncated cone composite structure, the conical surface and truncated cone composite structure comprises a top conical surface (6), a middle curved surface (7) and a lower truncated cone side surface (8) which are coaxial and sequentially connected; the middle curved surface (7) comprises a middle curved surface side surface, and the middle curved surface side surface is an arc-shaped convex surface; the bottom radius of the top conical surface (6) is equal to the top bottom radius of the middle curved surface, and the bottom radius of the middle curved surface is equal to the top bottom radius of the lower truncated cone side surface (8); the taper of the top conical surface (6) is greater than the taper of the lower truncated cone side surface (8); The shell wall thickness of the common liner (1) is 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm; the thickness of the energetic material layer (2) is 0.2 mm to 8 mm; The energetic material layer (2) is located between the ordinary charge liner (1) and the high explosive layer; the weight of the energetic material layer (2) is 40%-100% of the weight of the ordinary charge liner (1); The energetic material of the energetic material layer (2) comprises the following raw materials: tungsten powder, copper-lead alloy powder, copper powder, aluminum powder, a mixed powder of nickel powder and titanium powder, and graphite; in terms of mass percentage, the raw materials include: 18%-24% tungsten powder, 3%-9% copper-lead alloy powder, 1.5%-6% copper powder, 10%-25% aluminum powder, 30%-50% nickel powder, 5%-15% titanium powder, and 0.5%-2% graphite; the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%; in the copper-lead alloy powder, the mass percentage of copper powder in the copper-lead alloy powder is 70%-90%, and the mass percentage of lead powder in the copper-lead alloy powder is 10%-30%.

Images