A passive drainage system between tunnel lining layers and its construction and maintenance method

Abstract

A passive drainage system between tunnel lining layers and a construction and maintenance method thereof, the passive drainage system between tunnel lining layers comprising a plurality of longitudinal drainage pipes arranged between a waterproof layer and a secondary lining along the tunnel circumference and drainage joints arranged at the joints of adjacent mold linings, as well as a construction method and a maintenance method of a passive drainage system between tunnel lining layers using the drainage system. The present invention can quickly drain seepage water to avoid leakage caused by the secondary lining being directly subjected to water pressure. The provision of the maintenance joint is convenient for installation and fixation, and can be used to later insert a pipe dredger for cleaning and dredging. The high-strength steel wire ensures the straightness of the longitudinal drainage pipe on the one hand, and can be used for laying and hanging the waterproof layer on the other hand, thereby reducing construction costs. Therefore, the present invention has the advantages of less material consumption, convenient installation, easy quality control, reliable function and easy maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of tunnels and underground engineering, and in particular to a tunnel lining interlayer passive drainage system and a construction and maintenance method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Water leakage is the most common disease in tunnel engineering. Although many measures such as "prevention, drainage, interception and blocking" have been taken in tunnels, the problem of water prevention and drainage is still very prominent, and the failure of the waterproof layer and drainage system is the direct cause. The composite lining structure of mountain tunnels includes primary support and secondary lining, and a special waterproof layer is set between the two. A circular drainage blind pipe and a longitudinal drainage pipe at the arch foot are set between the waterproof layer and the primary support to drain the seepage blocked by the waterproof layer. If the above-mentioned waterproof layer or drainage system can play an effective role, the tunnel will not leak. The direct cause of tunnel leakage is that the above-mentioned waterproof layer and drainage system will fail during the construction and operation period, and cannot be repaired or remedied after failure. Given that the waterproof layer will inevitably fail due to construction defects, material aging and other factors during the operation period, it is particularly important to build a passive drainage system between tunnel lining layers and provide a maintainable method to completely solve the problem of frequent tunnel leakage. Summary of the invention

[0003] Aiming at the problem that the interlayer waterproof layer of the composite lining structure of a mountain tunnel often fails and is difficult to repair, the present invention provides a tunnel lining interlayer passive drainage system which can passively drain water that penetrates the waterproof layer and avoid leakage on the lining surface and is arranged between the waterproof layer and the secondary lining, and a construction and maintenance method thereof.

[0004] The present invention includes the following embodiments:

[0005] A passive drainage system between tunnel lining layers, comprising a plurality of longitudinal drainage pipes arranged between a waterproof layer and a secondary lining and arranged along the circumferential direction of the tunnel, and a drainage joint arranged at the end of the lining, wherein the longitudinal drainage pipe is used to collect water leaking between the waterproof layer and the secondary lining, the longitudinal drainage pipe is arranged along the extension direction of the tunnel, the end of each longitudinal drainage pipe is connected to a drainage joint, the drainage joints on adjacent longitudinal drainage pipes are connected through an annular drainage pipe, the end of the annular drainage pipe is connected to the tunnel drainage system through a drain pipe, the drainage joint is provided with a maintenance joint arranged radially and connected to the drainage joint, the maintenance joint passes through the secondary lining to the inner side of the tunnel, and the maintenance joint is sealed by a seal when not in a maintenance state.

[0006] By adopting the above scheme, the drainage joint is arranged at the joint of adjacent tunnel mold linings. The longitudinal drainage pipe arranged between the waterproof layer and the secondary lining is connected to the tunnel drainage system through the drainage joint through the drain pipe, so as to guide the leakage water between the waterproof layer and the secondary lining out. In this way, once the waterproof layer is damaged, the seepage water can be quickly drained to avoid the secondary lining from directly bearing the water pressure and leaking. In addition, a maintenance joint is provided on the drainage joint, which can be used to insert the pipe dredger for cleaning and dredging at a later time, so as to facilitate the maintenance of the entire drainage system and prevent the drainage system from failing.

[0007] In this embodiment, the longitudinal drainage pipe has a circular, semicircular or rectangular cross section with an inner diameter of 1 to 3 cm. The circumferential spacing of the longitudinal drainage pipe is 30 to 100 cm, and the size of the spacing is determined according to the water discharge size of the initial support surface. When the water discharge is large, a small value is taken, otherwise a large value is taken.

[0008] In this embodiment, the drainage joint is a five-way connector, and the material of the five-way connector is stainless steel, alloy steel, hard aluminum or engineering plastic with good durability and high strength. The drainage joint includes two interconnected annular joints, two longitudinal joints and a maintenance joint. The annular joint is connected to the annular drainage pipe so that the annularly adjacent longitudinal drainage pipes are connected, and the axially adjacent longitudinal drainage pipes are connected to each other through the longitudinal joint.

[0009] In this embodiment, the maintenance joint is provided with an internal thread, the sealing member is a sealing bolt, and the maintenance joint is sealed by the sealing bolt.

[0010] In this embodiment, the longitudinal drainage pipe is a blind pipe or a permeable pipe.

[0011] A construction method for a passive drainage system between tunnel lining layers, using the above-mentioned passive drainage system between tunnel lining layers, first fix the construction platform in the tunnel, arrange fixing bolts on the construction platform according to the circumferential spacing of the longitudinal drainage pipe, the head end of the fixing bolt is axially limited on the construction platform, the threaded end is screwed into the maintenance joint of the drainage joint, the drainage joint is pressed against the waterproof layer, and then a high-strength steel wire is inserted into the adjacent drainage joint, the high-strength steel wire is inserted into the longitudinal drainage pipe, and the longitudinal drainage pipe is connected to the drainage joint, the high-strength steel wire is tightened with a tensioning device, the drainage joint, the longitudinal drainage pipe, and the high-strength steel wire are pressed against the waterproof layer, and then the secondary lining is cast, and after the secondary lining reaches the demolding strength, the fixing bolts are loosened and the high-strength steel wire is pulled out. The above-mentioned construction method uses the maintenance joint of the drainage joint as the initial positioning and fixing, and then the high-strength steel wire is used to ensure the straightness of the longitudinal drainage channel on the one hand, and can be used for laying and hanging the waterproof layer on the other hand, which can reduce the hot-melt pads used for fixing the waterproof layer and reduce the construction cost.

[0012] In this embodiment, after the construction is completed, a sealing bolt is screwed into the maintenance joint for sealing.

[0013] A maintenance method for a passive drainage system between tunnel lining layers, using the above-mentioned passive drainage system between tunnel lining layers, first unscrewing the seal, inserting the pipe dredger from the maintenance joint, using a high-pressure nozzle to spray high-pressure water or high-pressure air to remove mud or scale in the longitudinal drainage pipe, and re-sealing the maintenance joint after completion.

[0014] In summary, the present invention can drain seepage water quickly and avoid leakage caused by the secondary lining being directly subjected to water pressure. The provision of the maintenance joint is convenient for installation and fixation, and can be used to insert a pipe dredger for cleaning and dredging at a later time. The high-strength steel wire ensures the straightness of the longitudinal drainage pipe on the one hand, and can be used for laying and hanging the waterproof layer on the other hand, thereby reducing construction costs. Therefore, the present invention has the advantages of less material consumption, convenient installation, easy quality control, reliable function and easy maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of the passive drainage system between tunnel lining layers of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of the drainage joint of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 Construction status diagram of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the connection and installation of the fixing bolt and the drainage joint of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the installation of the drainage joint, longitudinal drainage pipe and high-strength steel wire of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of the maintenance joint of the present invention in a non-maintenance state.

[0021] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of the maintenance joint of the present invention in the maintenance state.

[0022] In the figure: 1-longitudinal drainage pipe; 2-drainage joint; 3-waterproof layer; 4-secondary lining; 5-lining end; 6-drain pipe; 7-circumferential joint; 8-longitudinal joint; 9-maintenance joint; 10-construction platform; 11-fixing bolt; 12-initial support; 13-blind pipe; 14-high-strength steel wire; 15-sealing bolt; 16-scale; 17-pipeline dredger; 18-high-pressure nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to better understand the present invention, the invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and implementation examples, but the implementation methods of the present invention are not limited thereto. The protection scope of the present invention also involves equivalent technical means that can be thought of by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention.

[0024] Embodiment 1:

[0025] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 A passive drainage system between tunnel lining layers, comprising a longitudinal drainage pipe 1 arranged between a waterproof layer 3 and a secondary lining 4 along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and a drainage joint 2 arranged at the lining end 5, wherein the drainage joint 2 comprises a five-way connector connected by an annular drainage pipe, and the drainage joint 2 comprises two annular joints 7, two longitudinal joints 8 and a maintenance joint 9, wherein the annular joints 7 of adjacent drainage joints 2 are connected by annular drainage pipes, the longitudinal joints 8 are connected to the longitudinal drainage pipe 1, and the maintenance joint 9 is sealed by a sealing bolt 15, and the drainage joint 2 is made of stainless steel, alloy steel, aluminum or engineering plastic with high strength and good durability. The drainage joint 2 is connected to the tunnel drainage system through a drain pipe 6 below. When the waterproof layer 3 between the tunnel lining layers is damaged due to various reasons, water will penetrate the waterproof layer, passively enter the longitudinal drainage pipe 1, flow to the drainage joint 2 at the lining end 5, and enter the tunnel drainage system through the drain pipe 6, thereby avoiding the formation of water pressure on the secondary lining 4 and causing leakage.

[0026] Embodiment 2:

[0027] See also Figure 3 to Figure 6 , a passive drainage system between tunnel lining layers, which is constructed by the following method: first, a construction stand 10 with sufficient rigidity and stability is made, and fixing bolts 11 are arranged on the construction stand 10 at a predetermined interval, and the fixing bolts 11 are screwed into the maintenance joint 9 of the drainage joint 2, so that the drainage joint 2 is supported on the initial support 12 of the waterproof layer 3. Then, a high-strength steel wire 14 is inserted into the longitudinal joint 8 of the adjacent drainage joint 2, and the blind pipe 13 is sleeved outside the adjacent longitudinal joint 8. The high-strength steel wire 14 is tightened with a tensioning device. At this time, the drainage joint 2, the blind pipe 13, and the high-strength steel wire 14 are all close to the waterproof layer 3 and the initial support 12. After the above installation is completed, the secondary lining 4 can be cast. After the secondary lining 4 reaches the demolding strength, the fixing bolts 11 are loosened, and the high-strength steel wire 14 is pulled out, and a longitudinal drainage pipe 1 is formed between the waterproof layer 3 and the secondary lining 4. In order to prevent water from flowing out of the maintenance joint 9, after the construction is completed, a sealing bolt 15 is screwed into the maintenance joint 9 to ensure sealing.

[0028] Embodiment 3:

[0029] See also Figure 7A maintenance method for the passive drainage system between tunnel lining layers is as follows: after the tunnel has been in operation for several years, silt or scale 16 will accumulate in the longitudinal drainage pipe 1. At this time, the sealing bolt 15 is unscrewed, and the pipe dredger 17 is inserted from the maintenance joint 9. The high-pressure nozzle 18 is used to spray high-pressure water or air flow to cut, impact and flush the scale 16, so that the longitudinal drainage pipe 1 can restore its drainage function. After the maintenance is completed, the sealing bolt 15 is re-screwed to resume normal operation.

[0030] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the technology may modify or change the above embodiments without violating the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed by the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method of a tunnel lining interlayer passive drainage system, using a tunnel lining interlayer passive drainage system, characterized in that: The passive drainage system between tunnel lining layers comprises a plurality of longitudinal drainage pipes (1) arranged between a waterproof layer (3) and a secondary lining (4) and arranged in a circumferential direction of the tunnel, and drainage joints (2) arranged at the joints of adjacent mold linings, wherein the longitudinal drainage pipes (1) are used to collect water leaking between the waterproof layer (3) and the secondary lining (4), the longitudinal drainage pipes (1) are arranged in the extending direction of the tunnel, the end of each longitudinal drainage pipe (1) is connected to a drainage joint (2), the drainage joints (2) on adjacent longitudinal drainage pipes (1) are connected through an annular drainage pipe, the end of the annular drainage pipe is connected to the tunnel drainage system through a drain pipe (6), and the drainage joints (2) on adjacent longitudinal drainage pipes (1) are connected through an annular drainage pipe. The drainage joint (2) is provided with a maintenance joint (9) which is connected to the drainage joint (2) and arranged radially. The maintenance joint (9) passes through the secondary lining (4) to the inner side of the tunnel. The maintenance joint (9) is sealed by a sealing member when not in maintenance mode. The drainage joint (2) is a five-way connector. The drainage joint (2) comprises two annular joints (7) which are connected to each other, two longitudinal joints (8) and a maintenance joint (9). The annular joint (7) is connected to the annular drainage pipe so that the annularly adjacent longitudinal drainage pipes (1) are connected. The axially adjacent longitudinal drainage pipes (1) are connected to each other through the longitudinal joint (8). The specific construction process is as follows: First, a construction platform (10) is fixed in the tunnel, and fixing bolts (11) are arranged on the construction platform (10) according to the circumferential spacing of the longitudinal drainage pipe (1). The head end of the fixing bolt (11) is axially limited on the construction platform (10), and the threaded end is screwed into the maintenance joint (9) of the drainage joint (2), and the drainage joint (2) is pressed against the waterproof layer (3). Then, a high-strength steel wire (14) is inserted into the adjacent drainage joint (2), and the high-strength steel wire (14) is inserted into the longitudinal drainage pipe (1), and the longitudinal drainage pipe (1) is connected to the drainage joint (2). The high-strength steel wire (14) is tightened by a tensioning device, and the drainage joint (2), the longitudinal drainage pipe (1), and the high-strength steel wire (14) are tightly attached to the waterproof layer (3), and then the secondary lining (4) is poured. After the secondary lining (4) reaches the demoulding strength, the fixing bolt (11) is loosened and the high-strength steel wire (14) is pulled out.

2. The construction method of the tunnel lining interlayer passive drainage system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The maintenance joint (9) is provided with an internal thread, the sealing element is a sealing bolt (15), and the maintenance joint (9) is sealed by the sealing bolt (15).

3. The construction method of the tunnel lining interlayer passive drainage system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The longitudinal drainage pipe (1) is a blind pipe (13) or a permeable pipe.

4. The construction method of the tunnel lining interlayer passive drainage system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The longitudinal drainage pipe (1) has a circular, semicircular or rectangular cross section, and the inner diameter of the longitudinal drainage pipe (1) is 1 to 3 cm.

5. The construction method of the tunnel lining interlayer passive drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circumferential spacing of the longitudinal drainage pipes (1) is 30 to 100 cm.

6. The construction method of the tunnel lining interlayer passive drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the construction is completed, the sealing bolt (15) is screwed into the maintenance joint (9) for sealing.

7. The construction method of the tunnel lining interlayer passive drainage system according to claim 6 is characterized by: When the passive drainage system between tunnel lining layers is maintained, the sealing bolt (15) is first unscrewed, the pipe dredger (17) is inserted from the maintenance joint (9), and high-pressure water or high-pressure air is sprayed by a high-pressure nozzle (18) to remove the silt or scale (16) in the longitudinal drainage pipe (1). After completion, the maintenance joint (9) is re-sealed.

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