A solar photovoltaic and thermal composite receiver with uniform temperature control using oscillating jet impact

Abstract

The present invention discloses a swing jet impact uniform temperature control solar photovoltaic thermal composite receiver, comprising a plurality of photovoltaic thermal modules, a shell and a swing shaft driving mechanism; the plurality of photovoltaic thermal modules are installed in the shell, the photovoltaic thermal module comprises a box body and a swing shaft, a sealing plate is provided in the middle of the box body, a plurality of grooves matching the swing shaft are provided on the sealing plate, a swing shaft is installed in each groove, an inflow pipe is provided on the top plate of the box body, the inflow pipe of each photovoltaic thermal module is respectively connected to the working medium inflow collecting ring; an outflow pipe is provided on the side plate of the box body, the outflow pipe of each photovoltaic thermal module is respectively connected to the working medium outflow collecting ring; a plurality of impact holes are provided on the swing shaft, a plurality of solar cells are provided on the bottom plate of the box body, and the swing shaft driving mechanism can drive the swing shaft to rotate. The present invention has a simple structure, low cost, and can effectively improve the energy conversion efficiency, operation reliability and service life of the solar high-power photovoltaic thermal composite receiver.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of solar photovoltaic / photothermal comprehensive utilization, and in particular relates to a solar photovoltaic / photothermal composite receiver with uniform temperature control by swing jet impact. Background Art

[0002] At present, people have great interest in clean renewable energy utilization technology. Solar energy is a clean, environmentally friendly, renewable energy with huge reserves and wide distribution. Developing and utilizing solar energy for power generation is one of the important ways to achieve sustainable development of mankind. my country is one of the countries with abundant solar energy resources, and the development and utilization of solar energy has great potential. High-concentration photothermal photovoltaic technology (HCPVT) combines concentration technology with photothermal photovoltaic technology. It can not only increase the output power of photovoltaic cells by increasing the radiation intensity on the surface of photovoltaic cells, but also effectively reduce the use area of ​​photovoltaic cells to reduce their cost. In addition, it can also recover heat energy and effectively improve the comprehensive efficiency of energy utilization of the system.

[0003] Efficient cooling of dense array battery modules in HCPVT systems is a key issue for their normal and long-life power generation operation, and is also one of the major challenges in the field of concentrated photovoltaics. The cooling methods of photovoltaic cells can be divided into passive cooling and active cooling. Since the heat dissipation contact area of ​​dense array photovoltaic cell modules is very limited, passive cooling will not be sufficient to reliably achieve battery heat dissipation. Active cooling is to drive the heat exchange medium in the radiator channel through a pump to take away the heat of the battery. It has the potential and ability to regulate the temperature of the battery under any environmental conditions, as well as conveniently collect heat energy and use it later. It is the preferred configuration of the HCPVT system. The active cooling form of the HCPVT system is also diverse. At present, the most concerned and suitable for densely packed photovoltaic cell modules are mainly microchannel cooling, liquid immersion cooling and jet impact cooling (also known as jet cooling). Although jet impact cooling has a very high heat exchange capacity, it has certain applications in HCPVT systems. However, the operating conditions of the HCPVT system are complex. For example, the non-uniformity of the focused energy or optical errors leads to non-uniform focused energy distribution. Conventional jet impingement cooling is determined by geometric characteristics, and the jet impingement heat transfer capacity distribution is fixed and cannot adapt well to the changing heat flow boundary on the surface of the solar cell. It usually operates under non-uniform temperature conditions, which will reduce the power generation efficiency and operating reliability of the photovoltaic thermal receiver, as well as the service life. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a solar photovoltaic thermal receiver based on swinging array jet cooling, which has a simple, compact structure and low cost and can realize dynamic changes in the jet impact angle, so that the jet impact cooling can well adapt to the changing heat flow boundary on the surface of the solar cell, and realize uniform and reliable temperature control of dense array photovoltaic cells.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a swing jet impact uniform temperature control solar photovoltaic thermal composite receiver, comprising a plurality of photovoltaic thermal modules, a shell and a swing shaft driving mechanism; the plurality of photovoltaic thermal modules are installed in the shell, and the plurality of photovoltaic thermal modules form a polygonal cavity structure; the photovoltaic thermal module comprises a box body and a swing shaft, a sealing plate is provided in the middle of the box body, and the sealing plate divides the inner cavity of the box body into an upper cavity and a lower cavity; a plurality of grooves cooperating with the swing shaft are provided on the sealing plate, and a swing shaft is respectively installed in each groove, and the swing shaft can rotate in the groove; an inlet pipe is provided on the top plate of the box body, and the inlet pipe of each photovoltaic thermal module is respectively connected to the working medium inlet ring; an outflow pipe is provided on the side plate of the box body, and the outflow pipe is located below the sealing plate, and the outflow pipe of each photovoltaic thermal module is respectively connected to the working medium outflow ring; a plurality of impact holes are provided on the swing shaft, and the impact holes penetrate the swing shaft along the radial direction of the swing shaft; a plurality of solar cells are provided on the bottom plate of the box body, and the bottom plate of the box body is arranged toward the center of the shell; the swing shaft driving mechanism can drive the swing shaft to rotate.

[0006] In the above-mentioned swing jet impact uniform temperature control solar photovoltaic thermal composite receiver, the box body of the photovoltaic thermal module includes an upper box body and a lower box body, the bottom of the upper box body is fixedly installed on the top of the lower box body by bolts, and a sealing ring is provided between the bottom plate of the upper box body and the top plate of the lower box body, and the bottom plate of the upper box body and the top plate of the lower box body constitute a sealing plate; the swing shaft is fixed in the sealing plate groove by a rolling bearing, and sealing rings are provided at the contact positions of the swing shaft and the upper and lower box bodies at both ends.

[0007] In the above-mentioned swing jet impact uniform temperature control solar photovoltaic thermal composite receiver, when a swing shaft is provided on the sealing plate, the swing shaft driving mechanism includes a pinion installed at one end of the swing shaft and a motor installed on the shell; one end of the swing shaft where the pinion is installed is exposed from the box body; a large gear is provided on the output shaft of the motor, and the large gear is respectively meshed with the small gears of multiple photovoltaic thermal modules.

[0008] In the above-mentioned swing jet impact uniform temperature control solar photovoltaic and thermal composite receiver, the swing shaft driving mechanism includes a swing rod installed at one end of the swing shaft and two electromagnets installed on a wire fixing ring, one end of the swing shaft mounted with the swing rod is exposed from the box body, and an armature is provided at the end of the swing rod; the swing rod is arranged perpendicular to the swing shaft, and the two electromagnets are respectively located on both sides of the armature; the wire fixing ring is installed on the shell.

[0009] In the above-mentioned swing jet impact uniform temperature control solar photovoltaic thermal composite receiver, the swing shaft driving mechanism includes a sprocket and a motor installed at one end of the swing shaft; the sprockets of each photovoltaic thermal module are connected by a chain; the motor is installed on the housing, and the output shaft of the motor is connected to a swing shaft.

[0010] In the above-mentioned oscillating jet impact uniform temperature control solar photovoltaic thermal composite receiver, the shell includes a cylindrical shell, a ring plate and an end cover, a ring plate is fixed to the front end of the cylindrical shell, and a circular window is provided at the center hole of the ring plate; the end cover is fixed to the rear end of the cylindrical shell by bolts; a plurality of fixing plates are provided on the inner wall of the ring plate, and the plurality of fixing plates are arranged into the same polygonal structure as the photovoltaic thermal module; the front end of each photovoltaic thermal module is attached to the corresponding fixing plate and fixed by bolts; a clamping plate is provided at the rear end of the cylindrical shell, and the clamping plate is a circular ring plate, and a plurality of rectangular bayonet holes are provided on the clamping plate, and the rear end of the photovoltaic thermal module cooperates with the corresponding rectangular bayonet hole to realize the positioning of the rear end of the photovoltaic thermal module.

[0011] In the above-mentioned swing jet impact uniform temperature control solar photovoltaic thermal composite receiver, the impact holes on the swing shaft are divided into multiple groups, the center lines of each group of impact holes are located in the same plane, and the axes of different groups of impact holes are not in the same plane.

[0012] In the above-mentioned swing jet impact uniform temperature control solar photovoltaic and thermal composite receiver, the cross-section of the impact hole is circular, waist-shaped or square.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] The present invention has a simple and compact structure and low cost. The present invention is provided with a swing shaft driving mechanism, which can drive the swing shaft to swing and realize the dynamic change of the jet impact angle, so that the jet impact cooling can well adapt to the changing heat flow boundary on the surface of the solar cell, and realize uniform and reliable temperature control of dense array photovoltaic cells, thereby effectively improving the light-to-electricity / light-to-heat energy conversion efficiency, operation reliability and service life of the solar high-power photovoltaic thermal composite receiver. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 It is an isometric view of the photovoltaic thermal module in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a top view of the photovoltaic thermal module in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Middle AA section view.

[0019] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Middle BB section view.

[0020] Figure 6 for Figure 1Rear view with the housing removed.

[0021] Figure 7 This is an axonometric view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 8 This is an isometric view of the shell in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0023] Fig. 9 It is an isometric view of Embodiment 2 of the swing shaft of the present invention.

[0024] Fig.10 It is an isometric view of Embodiment 3 of the swing shaft of the present invention.

[0025] Fig.11 It is a cross-sectional view of embodiment 2 of the photovoltaic thermal module of the present invention.

[0026] Fig.12 This is a structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0027] Fig.13 for Fig.12 A magnified partial view of .

[0028] Fig.14 This is a structural diagram of embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: 1—photovoltaic thermal module; 101—upper box body; 102—lower box body; 103—swing shaft; 104—pinion; 105—rolling bearing; 106—solar cell; 107—sealing ring; 108—upper cavity arc opening; 109—lower cavity arc opening; 110—impact hole; 111—inflow pipe; 112—outflow pipe; 113—left electromagnet; 114—right electromagnet; 115—wire fixing ring; 116—swing rod; 117—chain; 118—sprocket; 119—sealing ring; 2—housing; 201—fixing plate; 202—clamping plate; 203—circular window; 3—working medium inflow collecting ring; 4—end cover; 5—working medium outflow collecting ring; 6—connecting pipe; 7—large gear; 8—motor; 9—bottom plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention includes a plurality of photovoltaic thermal modules 1, a shell 2, and a swing shaft driving mechanism. The shell 2 is a cylindrical cavity structure, and the shell 2 includes a cylindrical shell, a ring plate and an end cover 4. A ring plate is fixed to the front end of the cylindrical shell, and a circular window 203 is provided at the center hole of the ring plate; the end cover 4 is fixedly installed at the rear end of the cylindrical shell by bolts. A plurality of fixing plates 201 are provided on the inner wall of the ring plate, and the plurality of fixing plates 201 are arranged in a polygonal shape. The front end of each photovoltaic thermal module 1 is attached to the corresponding fixing plate 201 and fixed by bolts. A clamping plate 202 is provided at the rear end of the cylindrical shell, and the clamping plate 202 is a circular ring plate. The clamping plate 202 is provided with a plurality of rectangular bayonet holes, and the rear end of each photovoltaic thermal module 1 cooperates with the corresponding rectangular bayonet hole to realize the positioning of the photovoltaic thermal module 1. Multiple photovoltaic thermal modules 1 form a polygonal cavity structure in the shell 2. The size of the circular window 203 is smaller than the cross-sectional size of the polygonal cavity, and is used to realize that the sunlight focused by the concentrator is projected onto the solar cell 106 on the inner wall of the photovoltaic thermal module 1 through the circular window 203 .

[0033] The photovoltaic thermal module 1 comprises a box body (the box body is formed by connecting an upper box body 101 and a lower box body 102), a swing shaft 103, a rolling bearing 105 and a solar cell 106. Figure 2-5 As shown, the upper box body 101 is fixedly installed on the top of the lower box body 102 by bolts. Both the upper box body 101 and the lower box body 102 are hollow rectangular structures. A sealing ring 107 is provided between the bottom of the upper box body 101 and the top of the lower box body 102. An inlet pipe 111 is provided on the top plate of the upper box body 101, from which the heat exchange medium flows into the photovoltaic thermal module 1. The bottom plate of the upper box body 101 and the top plate of the lower box body 102 constitute a sealing plate, which separates the inner cavity of the upper box body 101 and the lower box body 102. An upper cavity arc opening 108 is provided on the bottom plate of the upper box body 101, and a lower cavity arc opening 109 is provided on the top plate of the lower box body 102. The upper cavity arc opening 108 and the lower cavity arc opening 109 are coaxial, forming a groove that cooperates with the swing shaft 103. The swing shaft 103 is provided in the groove. The swing shaft 103 extends from one end of the box body, and the other end is closed inside the box body. As shown Fig.11 As shown, the sealing plate may be provided with two or more grooves, each of which is provided with a swing shaft 103 .

[0034] The swing shaft 103 is provided with sealing rings 119 at the contact positions between the two ends of the box body, which are used to prevent the heat exchange medium from leaking outside the photovoltaic thermal module 1, thereby realizing the sealing of the heat exchange medium. The swing shaft 103 is provided with a plurality of impact holes 110, which penetrate the swing shaft 103 along the radial direction of the swing shaft 103, so that the heat exchange medium can flow from the upper box body 101 through the impact holes 110 on the swing shaft 103 into the lower box body 102, and impact the bottom plate of the lower box body 102. A plurality of solar cells 106 are attached to the bottom plate of the lower box body 102, and the bottom plate of the lower box body 102 is arranged toward the center of the shell. One end of the lower box body 102 is provided with an outflow pipe 112, so that the heat exchange medium in the lower box body 102 flows out from the outflow pipe 112. The swing shaft driving structure includes a pinion 104 installed at one end of the swing shaft 103 exposed from the box body and a motor 8 installed on the rear end cover 4 of the shell. The output shaft of the motor 8 is provided with a large gear 7, which is respectively meshed with the small gears 104 of the plurality of photovoltaic thermal modules. When the motor 8 rotates, the swing shaft 103 can be rotated through the meshing of the large gear 7 and the small gear 104.

[0035] like Figure 4-5 As shown, the swing shaft 103 is provided with an array of cylindrical impact holes 110 along the length direction of the shaft, which directly penetrate the swing shaft 103 in the radial direction for transmitting the heat exchange medium. Fig. 9 As shown, the impact holes 110 on the swing shaft 103 are divided into two groups, and the two groups of impact holes 110 are arranged in a staggered manner, that is, the axes of the impact holes 110 in different groups are not in the same plane, and the center lines of each group of impact holes 110 are located in the same plane. Each group of impact holes 110 is also arranged in an array along the length direction. This arrangement of jet impact holes can effectively reduce the adverse effects of cross flow during the impact jet heat exchange process. Fig.10 As shown, the jet impact hole 110 on the swing shaft 103 can also be a waist-shaped through hole, and is arrayed along the length direction of the shaft.

[0036] like Figure 1 and Figure 6-7 As shown, the multiple photovoltaic thermal modules 1 are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction and form a polygonal cavity form, and the solar cells 106 of the photovoltaic thermal modules 1 are located on the bottom plate of the box body. The pinion 104 end of each photovoltaic thermal module 1 is fixed to the bottom plate 9 by bolts, so the bottom plate 9 can be used to close the bottom end of this polygonal cavity. The pinion 104 of each photovoltaic thermal module 1 is meshed with the large gear 7, and the large gear 7 is fixed to the output shaft of the motor 8 by set screws. The motor 8 is fixed to the center position of the 4 end covers by bolts, and the 4 end covers are fixed to the flange at the rear end of the 2 shells 2 by bolts through flanges. As shown Figure 1 and Figure 6As shown, the outflow pipe 112 of each photovoltaic thermal module 1 is connected to the working medium outflow ring 5 through the connecting pipe 6. The working medium outflow ring 5 is provided with a metal pipe to output the heat exchange working medium to the outside. Figure 7 As shown. Figure 8 As shown, the working medium outflow ring 5 is fixed to the clamping plate 202 by bolts. The inflow pipes 111 of each photovoltaic thermal module 1 are connected to the working medium inflow ring 3, and the working medium inflow ring 3 is also provided with a metal pipe, and the entire photovoltaic thermal composite receiver inputs the heat exchange working medium into the box body through this pipe.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] like Figure 11-13 As shown, the structure of Example 2 is similar to that of Example 1, except that the structure of the swing shaft driving mechanism is different, and the swing shaft driving mechanism includes a left electromagnet 113, a right electromagnet 114, a wire fixing ring 115 and a swing rod 116. The swing rod 116 is welded to the end of the swing shaft 103 exposed from the box body, and the swing rod 116 is arranged perpendicular to the swing shaft 103. An armature is arranged at the end of the swing rod 116. The left electromagnet 113 is arranged on the left side of the swing rod 116, and the left electromagnet 113 includes a coil and an armature, and the attraction action of the swing rod 116 is realized by whether the coil is energized or not. The right electromagnet 114 is arranged on the right side of the swing rod 116, and the left electromagnet 113 and the right electromagnet 114 are fixed on the wire fixing ring 115. The wire fixing ring 115 is arranged with a corresponding number of left electromagnets 113 and right electromagnets 114 according to the array of the swing rods 116 in the photovoltaic thermal module 1. All the left electromagnets 113 are connected in parallel on one line, and all the right electromagnets 114 are connected in parallel on another line. The synchronous reciprocating motion of all the swing rods 116 to the left or right is realized by connecting with the controller. It realizes the motion control of the swing shaft 103 by electromagnetic attraction.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] Compared with the first embodiment, the only difference is the structure of the swing shaft driving mechanism. Fig.14 As shown, the swing shaft driving mechanism includes a sprocket 118 installed on the end of the swing shaft 103 extending out of the box body. The sprockets 118 of each photovoltaic thermal module 1 are connected by a chain 117 for chain transmission. One of the swing shafts 103 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 8 to realize power input. The motor 8 is installed on the housing 2.

Claims

1. A solar photovoltaic and thermal composite receiver with swing jet impact and uniform temperature control, characterized by: It comprises a plurality of photovoltaic thermal modules, a shell and a swing shaft driving mechanism; the plurality of photovoltaic thermal modules are installed in the shell, and the plurality of photovoltaic thermal modules form a polygonal cavity structure; the photovoltaic thermal module comprises a box body and a swing shaft, a sealing plate is provided in the middle of the box body, and the sealing plate divides the inner cavity of the box body into an upper cavity and a lower cavity; the sealing plate is provided with a plurality of grooves cooperating with the swing shaft, and a swing shaft is respectively installed in each groove, and the swing shaft can rotate in the groove; an inlet pipe is provided on the top plate of the box body, and the inlet pipe of each photovoltaic thermal module is respectively connected with the working medium inlet collecting ring; an outflow pipe is provided on the side plate of the box body, and the outflow pipe is located below the sealing plate, and the outflow pipe of each photovoltaic thermal module is respectively connected with the working medium outflow collecting ring; a plurality of impact holes are provided on the swing shaft, and the impact holes penetrate the swing shaft along the radial direction of the swing shaft; a plurality of solar cells are provided on the bottom plate of the box body, and the bottom plate of the box body is arranged toward the center of the shell; the swing shaft driving mechanism can drive the swing shaft to rotate; The box body of the photovoltaic thermal module comprises an upper box body and a lower box body, the bottom of the upper box body is fixedly mounted on the top of the lower box body by bolts, a sealing ring is arranged between the bottom plate of the upper box body and the top plate of the lower box body, and the bottom plate of the upper box body and the top plate of the lower box body constitute a sealing plate; the swing shaft is fixed in the sealing plate groove by a rolling bearing, and sealing rings are arranged at the contact positions between the swing shaft and the upper box body and the lower box body at both ends; When a swing shaft is provided on the sealing plate, the swing shaft driving mechanism includes a pinion mounted on one end of the swing shaft and a motor mounted on the housing; one end of the swing shaft mounted with the pinion is exposed from the box body; a large gear is provided on the output shaft of the motor, and the large gear is respectively meshed with the small gears of the plurality of photovoltaic thermal modules; The shell includes a cylindrical shell, a ring plate and an end cover. A ring plate is fixed to the front end of the cylindrical shell, and a circular window is provided at the center hole of the ring plate; the end cover is fixed to the rear end of the cylindrical shell by bolts; a plurality of fixing plates are provided on the inner wall of the ring plate, and the plurality of fixing plates are arranged into a polygonal structure identical to that of the photovoltaic thermal module; the front end of each photovoltaic thermal module is attached to the corresponding fixing plate and fixed by bolts; a clamping plate is provided at the rear end of the inner part of the cylindrical shell, and the clamping plate is a circular ring plate, and a plurality of rectangular bayonet holes are provided on the clamping plate, and the rear end of the photovoltaic thermal module cooperates with the corresponding rectangular bayonet hole to realize the positioning of the rear end of the photovoltaic thermal module.

2. The swing jet impact uniform temperature control solar photovoltaic and thermal composite receiver according to claim 1 is characterized by: The swing shaft driving mechanism includes a swing rod installed at one end of the swing shaft and two electromagnets installed on a wire fixing ring. One end of the swing rod installed on the swing shaft is exposed from the box body. The swing rod is arranged perpendicular to the swing shaft, and an armature is arranged at the end of the swing rod; the two electromagnets are respectively located on both sides of the armature; the wire fixing ring is installed on the shell.

3. The swing jet impact uniform temperature control solar photovoltaic and thermal composite receiver according to claim 1 is characterized by: The swing shaft driving mechanism includes a sprocket and a motor installed at one end of the swing shaft; the sprockets of each photovoltaic thermal module are connected by a chain; the motor is installed on the housing, and the output shaft of the motor is connected to a swing shaft.

4. The swing jet impact uniform temperature control solar photovoltaic and thermal composite receiver according to claim 1 is characterized by: The impact holes on the swing shaft are divided into multiple groups, the center lines of each group of impact holes are located in the same plane, and the axes of the impact holes in different groups are not in the same plane.

5. The swing jet impact uniform temperature control solar photovoltaic and thermal composite receiver according to claim 4 is characterized by: The cross section of the impact hole is circular, waist-shaped or square.

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