A miniaturized harmless medical waste thermal decomposition treatment device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a miniaturized harmless medical waste thermal decomposition treatment device, comprising a superheated steam generating device, a superheated steam pipeline, a treatment tank, a heat exchanger, a deodorizing device, a drainage device, an exhaust pipeline and a control system. The superheated steam generating device is connected to the treatment tank through the superheated steam pipeline. The miniaturized harmless medical waste thermal decomposition treatment device utilizes the characteristics of large specific heat capacity and fast heat transfer of superheated steam, adopts superheated steam as a medium to perform thermal decomposition on medical waste, and simultaneously realizes the functions of miniaturized equipment and on-site treatment, harmless treatment, low requirements for working environment, no environmental protection problems, miniaturized design, easy installation, small space occupation, low investment, low cost, thorough thermal decomposition, adopts electric heating, uses superheated steam as a medium, sufficient thermal decomposition, local treatment, no transportation leakage and infection, low requirements for environmental conditions, and civil electricity is sufficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of medical waste treatment, in particular to a miniaturized harmless medical waste thermal decomposition treatment device. Background Art

[0002] Due to the characteristics of direct infection, indirect infection and potential infection, the viruses and bacteria in medical waste are dozens, hundreds or even thousands of times that of ordinary urban waste. As the types of medical waste increase and the amount to be processed increases, the treatment of medical waste becomes more and more important, more strict and more urgent.

[0003] Currently, the common methods for treating medical waste are as follows: 1. Landfill; 2. High temperature and high pressure steam sterilization; 3. Chemical disinfection; 4. High temperature incineration; 5. Pyrolysis.

[0004] Landfill method: It is the burial of the residues of medical waste after incineration. If the anti-seepage facilities are not well prepared, various toxic substances, pathogens, radioactive substances and other harmful residues will slowly seep into the soil with rainwater, and finally enter the human body through the food chain, endangering human health.

[0005] High temperature and high pressure sterilization method: It is a simple, fast, economical and easily accepted method by the public. This method uses high temperature and high pressure steam to kill germs. The disadvantage of this method is that the garbage needs to be crushed in advance, and harmful gases and liquids will flow out during the treatment process. The weight of the garbage does not change much before and after treatment.

[0006] Chemical disinfection method: This method is to add disinfectant to the pre-crushed medical waste, and achieve the disinfection effect after a long period of soaking. Harmful gases and liquids will appear during the treatment process, which are harmful to the human body.

[0007] High-temperature incineration method: Incineration treatment is a deep oxidation chemical process. In the incineration equipment, medical waste is converted into residue and gas through three stages of drying, ignition and incineration. Although the waste treatment effect is relatively good, there are harmful flue gas residues that need to be harmlessly treated. At the same time, the waste needs to be collected and transported, so the cost is relatively high and the environmental protection requirements are also strict.

[0008] High-temperature pyrolysis method: This method is a process in which medical waste is heated at high temperature under oxygen-free or oxygen-deficient conditions to convert large molecular weight organic matter into combustible gas, liquid fuel and coke. This method requires the use of fuel and requires a larger site. At the same time, it uses fuel to heat the air to decompose the treated material at high temperature. The pyrolysis effect is general, and its application in the treatment of medical waste is still in a small-scale attempt.

[0009] Through the analysis of several currently used methods, we can see that there are the following problems:

[0010] 1. High cost;

[0011] 2. High secondary pollution;

[0012] 3. Risk of leakage of infectious waste handled off-site;

[0013] 4. The equipment is large in size and occupies a large area;

[0014] 5. The treatment process has high environmental requirements. The chemical method requires reagents, incineration and the current pyrolysis method require fuel, and the landfill method requires idle land;

[0015] 6. The pyrolysis speed is slow. The current pyrolysis method is to heat the air and then pyrolyze the treated material. However, the specific heat capacity of air is relatively small, so the speed and degree of pyrolysis are both insufficient.

[0016] 7. The waste after the thermal process is not treated thoroughly. Landfill, chemical treatment and incineration will leave a lot of residues. The pyrolysis method will also leave residues due to incomplete pyrolysis.

[0017] 8. The volume and weight do not change much before and after treatment. Summary of the invention

[0018] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a miniaturized harmless medical waste thermal decomposition treatment device to solve the problems of high cost, high secondary pollution, leakage risk of infectious waste treated off-site, large equipment size, large floor space, high environmental requirements for the treatment process, slow pyrolysis rate, incomplete treatment of waste after thermal decomposition, and little change in volume and weight before and after treatment in the currently used medical waste treatment methods proposed in the above background technology.

[0019] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a miniaturized harmless medical waste thermal decomposition treatment device, comprising a superheated steam generating device, a superheated steam pipeline, a treatment tank, a heat exchanger, a deodorizing device, a drainage device, an exhaust pipe and a control system, wherein the superheated steam generating device is connected to the treatment tank via the superheated steam pipeline, and the treatment tank is connected to the drainage device via the exhaust pipe, the exhaust pipe is provided with a heat exchanger and a deodorizing device, and the control system is respectively controlled and connected to the superheated steam generating device, the treatment tank and the drainage device;

[0020] The processing tank includes a shell, a superheated steam inlet, a feeding port, a crusher, a temperature sensor, an exhaust port, a support plate, an electric shut-off valve and an outlet. The feeding port is arranged on the left side of the top of the shell, and the crusher is arranged above the feeding port. A temperature sensor is arranged in the middle position of the top of the shell, and an exhaust port is arranged on the right side of the top of the shell, and the exhaust port is connected to the exhaust pipe. Several support plates are arranged inside the shell, and an outlet is arranged at the bottom of the shell, and the superheated steam inlet is connected to the superheated steam pipe.

[0021] Preferably, the shell comprises an outer shell and an inner shell, and a heat-insulating layer is provided between the outer shell and the inner shell.

[0022] Preferably, a sealing ring is provided at the connection between the temperature sensor and the housing.

[0023] Preferably, electric shut-off valves are provided at the inlet of the feeding port and the outlet of the exhaust port, and the electric shut-off valves are electrically connected to the control system.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the miniaturized harmless medical waste thermal decomposition treatment device utilizes the characteristics of large specific heat capacity and fast heat transfer of superheated steam, and adopts superheated steam as a medium to thermally decompose medical waste, while realizing the functions of miniaturized equipment and on-site treatment, harmless treatment, low requirements for the working environment, no environmental problems, miniaturized design, easy installation, small space occupation, low investment, low cost, thorough thermal decomposition, electric heating, superheated steam as a medium, sufficient thermal decomposition, local treatment, no transportation leakage and infection, low requirements for environmental conditions, and only civil electricity is required. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the treatment tank of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a work flow chart of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 The pyrolysis temperature curve.

[0029] In the figure: hot steam generating device 1, superheated steam pipe 101, processing tank 2, shell 201, superheated steam air inlet 202, feeding port 203, pulverizer 204, temperature sensor 205, exhaust port 206, support plate 207, electric shut-off valve 208, outlet 209, heat exchanger 3, deodorizing device 4, drainage device 5, exhaust pipe 501, control system 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] See also Figure 1-3 The present invention provides a technical solution: a miniaturized harmless medical waste thermal decomposition treatment device, comprising a superheated steam generator 1, a superheated steam pipeline 101, a treatment tank 2, a heat exchanger 3, a deodorizing device 4, a drainage device 5, an exhaust pipeline 501 and a control system 6, wherein the superheated steam generator 1 is connected to the treatment tank 2 via the superheated steam pipeline 101, and the treatment tank 2 is connected to the drainage device 5 via the exhaust pipeline 501, the exhaust pipeline 501 is provided with a heat exchanger 3 and a deodorizing device 4, and the control system 6 is respectively controlled and connected to the superheated steam generator 1, the treatment tank 2 and the drainage device 5;

[0032] The processing tank 2 includes a shell 201, a superheated steam inlet 202, a feeding port 203, a crusher 204, a temperature sensor 205, an exhaust port 206, a support plate 207, an electric shut-off valve 208 and an outlet 209. The feeding port 203 is arranged on the left side of the top of the shell 201, and the crusher 204 is arranged above the feeding port 203. The temperature sensor 205 is arranged in the middle position of the top of the shell 201, and the exhaust port 206 is arranged on the right side of the top of the shell 201, and the exhaust port 206 is connected to the exhaust pipe 501. Several support plates 207 are arranged inside the shell 201, and the outlet 209 is arranged at the bottom of the shell 201. The superheated steam inlet 202 is connected to the superheated steam pipe 101.

[0033] The shell 201 includes an outer shell and an inner shell, and a heat preservation layer is arranged between the outer shell and the inner shell, which has a good heat preservation effect and avoids heat loss.

[0034] A sealing ring is provided at the connection between the temperature sensor 205 and the housing 201 to ensure the air tightness of the housing 201 .

[0035] An electric shut-off valve 208 is provided at the inlet of the feeding port 203 and the outlet of the exhaust port 206 , and the electric shut-off valve 208 is electrically connected to the control system 6 .

[0036] Among them, the hot steam generating device 1 heats water into saturated steam at 100°C to 120°C, and then continues to heat the saturated steam to generate superheated steam. The temperature of the superheated steam can reach 700°C. The temperature in the treatment tank 2 can reach 500°C. The deodorizing device 4 treats the harmful gases or greases produced. The treatment temperature and time can be set arbitrarily on the control screen of the control system 6. The temperature indication, abnormal indication, and setting of each set value can be achieved automatically or manually. The heat exchanger 3 can use the heat of the hot steam flowing out after pyrolysis and the heat of the decomposed flue gas to exchange heat and heat the room temperature water to obtain hot water for washing.

[0037] The control screen displays the pyrolysis temperature curve for reference Figure 4 As shown: Wherein, initial temperature T0: room temperature;

[0038] Pyrolysis temperature TR: Design the pyrolysis time and temperature according to the type and weight of the medical waste input;

[0039] Pyrolysis time t1: the time required from the temperature of the treatment tank at the beginning of the introduction of superheated steam to the temperature required for the start of pyrolysis;

[0040] Pyrolysis time t2: the time required from the start of pyrolysis to the end of pyrolysis;

[0041] Time t3: Cooling time from the end of the pyrolysis reaction to reaching room temperature.

[0042] These temperature and time controls can be implemented in a programmed manner.

[0043] A miniaturized harmless medical waste thermal decomposition treatment device workflow: The specific process includes the following steps:

[0044] Step 1: Classification of garbage (sorting out non-organic garbage that cannot be processed);

[0045] Step 2: crush the sorted garbage to increase the heating area and reaction speed of the pyrolysis garbage;

[0046] Step 3: Add crushed medical waste;

[0047] Step 4: close the sealed feeding port 203 and issue a superheated steam generation instruction;

[0048] Step 5: Input superheated steam into the processing tank 2, and input the processing program (processing time for different types of garbage and garbage of different weights), and automatically start the pyrolysis reaction process according to the heating curve program;

[0049] Step 6: The temperature sensor 205 works under the control of the program;

[0050] Step 7: After pyrolysis occurs, a command is issued to the electric shut-off valve 208 according to the program to open the valve for exhaust;

[0051] Step 8: exhaust gas treatment, using an exhaust gas treatment device to treat the exhaust gas generated during pyrolysis;

[0052] Step nine, using the heat exchanger 3 to perform non-contact heat exchange on the flue gas hot steam after pyrolysis and exhaust gas treatment, and the clean hot water returns to the superheated steam generating device 1;

[0053] Step 10: Recover condensed water, purify it, and exhaust the air.

[0054] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A miniaturized harmless medical waste thermal decomposition treatment device, comprising a superheated steam generating device (1), a superheated steam pipeline (101), a treatment tank (2), a heat exchanger (3), a deodorizing device (4), a drainage device (5), an exhaust pipeline (501) and a control system (6), Features: The superheated steam generating device (1) is connected to the processing tank (2) via a superheated steam pipe (101), and the processing tank (2) is connected to the drainage device (5) via an exhaust pipe (501), a heat exchanger (3) and a deodorizing device (4) are provided on the exhaust pipe (501), and the control system (6) is respectively connected to the superheated steam generating device (1), the processing tank (2), and the drainage device (5); The processing tank (2) comprises a shell (201), a superheated steam inlet (202), a feeding port (203), a pulverizer (204), a temperature sensor (205), an exhaust port (206), a support plate (207), an electric shut-off valve (208) and an outlet (209); the shell (201) comprises an outer shell and an inner shell, and a heat-insulating layer is provided between the outer shell and the inner shell; a feeding port (203) is provided on the left side of the top of the shell (201), and a heat-insulating layer is provided on the feeding port (203). A pulverizer (204) is provided on the side, a temperature sensor (205) is provided at the middle position of the top of the shell (201), an exhaust port (206) is provided on the right side of the top of the shell (201), and the exhaust port (206) is connected to the exhaust pipe (501), a plurality of support plates (207) are provided inside the shell (201), and an outlet (209) is provided at the bottom of the shell (201), and the superheated steam inlet (202) is connected to the superheated steam pipe (101); A sealing ring is provided at the connection between the temperature sensor (205) and the housing (201); An electric shut-off valve (208) is provided at the inlet of the feeding port (203) and the outlet of the exhaust port (206), and the electric shut-off valve (208) is electrically connected to the control system (6); The processing method of the miniaturized harmless medical waste thermal decomposition processing device is specifically as follows: step 1, classifying the waste and sorting out the non-organic waste that cannot be processed; step 2, crushing the sorted waste to increase the heating area and reaction speed of the pyrolyzed waste; step 3, adding the crushed medical waste; step 4, closing the sealed feeding port (203) and issuing a superheated steam generation instruction; step 5, inputting superheated steam into the processing tank (2) and inputting the processing program. The processing time of different types of waste and waste of different weights is determined according to the heating time. The curve program automatically starts the pyrolysis reaction process; step six, the temperature sensor (205) works under the control of the program; step seven, after the pyrolysis occurs, a command is issued to the electric shut-off valve (208) according to the program to open the valve for exhaust; step eight, exhaust treatment, using the exhaust gas treatment device to treat the exhaust gas generated during the pyrolysis; step nine, using the heat exchanger (3) to perform non-contact heat exchange on the hot steam of the flue gas after the exhaust gas treatment after the pyrolysis, and the clean hot water returns to the superheated steam generating device (1); step ten, condensed water is recovered, purified, and the air is exhausted.

Images