Method for chip-generating machining of a gear workpiece in a machine using a cutting tool

Abstract

A method for performing chip-generating machining of a gear workpiece in a machine using a cutting tool, the cutting tool comprising at least two geometrically defined cutting edges which generate material in the form of chips on the gear workpiece within the scope of the chip-generating machining, wherein the chip-generating machining is defined by method parameters, the method comprising the following method steps: (1) performing a computer-aided analysis (V3) of the chips generated on the plurality of cutting edges of the cutting tool, (2) performing a computer-aided determination of relative forces which will occur on the plurality of cutting edges of the cutting tool during chip generation, (3) optimizing the chip-generating machining in order to prevent the relative forces from exceeding a predetermined limit value or reaching a limit range, wherein the adjusted method parameters are provided by adjusting at least one of the method parameters within the optimization range, and (4) performing chip-generating machining (V6) on the gear workpiece (11) using the adjusted method parameter or the plurality of method parameters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The subject matter of the invention is a method for (gear cutting) machining a gear workpiece. Background Art

[0002] There are many widely different methods for gear cutting of bevel gears. The milling method for manufacturing bevel gears can be characterized as follows:

[0003] - Graduation method

[0004] o Single indexing method (also called intermittent indexing method, intermittent indexing process, single indexing process, or face milling), and

[0005] oContinuous indexing method;

[0006] -scroll

[0007] o scrolling method, and

[0008] o Plunging method without rolling.

[0009] Furthermore, a distinction is made between finished and semi-finished methods, which refers to the number of necessary steps required to produce the final geometry. In the finished method, the tool cuts using one machine setup, while in the semi-finished method, the tool cuts using two separate machine setups. In the semi-finished method, one machine setup cuts the concave tooth flanks, and the other cuts the convex tooth flanks. Furthermore, there are methods that cut on one side, where one tool with one machine setup cuts the concave tooth flanks, while another tool with a different machine setup cuts the convex tooth flanks.

[0010] These properties of the mentioned methods can be combined with one another and their application in industry is also popular.

[0011] Single indexing completion method and continuous completion method are often used. Figure 1A The basic principle of the single indexing method is shown in the example. Specifically, here is the single indexing completion method. The single indexing completion method is schematically shown in Figure 1AIn this case, for the sake of simplicity, the common rolling motion of the bevel gear workpiece 11 and the cutter head 20 is not shown here, which is much slower than the rotation ω1 of the cutter head 20. The illustration is a quasi-snapshot of the rolling process. The outer cutting edge 21.a and the inner cutting edge 21.i of the cutter head 20 perform a continuous motion in the form of a circular arc. The rotational motion of the cutter head 20 (here in the counterclockwise direction) is represented by the arrow marked with ω1. The rotation point of the tool spindle or the intersection with the plane of the drawing is correspondingly marked by the reference symbol 102. In order to produce further tooth clearance, the cutter head 20 is retracted and the bevel gear workpiece 11 is rotated through an indexing angle (called indexing rotation). Further rotations (here in the clockwise direction) step by step are carried out in Figure 1A This is indicated by arrows a, b and c. Thus, one tooth gap is always produced at a time.

[0012] Bevel gears with expanded epicycloidal (also called extended epicycloidal) teeth are manufactured by the continuous indexing method (also called continuous gear hobbing, continuous indexing process or face hobbing). Figure 1B A corresponding example is schematically shown in FIG. A rod-shaped cutter head 30 is used as a tool here.

[0013] When producing epicycloids by continuous indexing (see Figure 1B ), the ratio of the number of teeth to the number of threads of the rod-shaped cutter head 30 (the number of tool groups) corresponds to the ratio of the radius of the base circle G to the radius of G to the radius of the pitch circle R. If the nominal radius of the cutter head where the cutting edge of the rod-shaped cutter is located is greater than the radius of the pitch circle R, an extended epicycloid is represented. In this continuous indexing method, both the cutter head 30 and the workpiece 11 rotate in a motion sequence that adapts to each other in a time sequence. Therefore, indexing is carried out continuously, and all tooth gaps are generated almost simultaneously. Here, the rotational motion of the cutter head 30 is represented by ω2, and the rotational motion of the workpiece 11 is represented by ω3. These motions consist of the required indexing motion and rolling motion. Figure 1B shows a near-snapshot of the rolling process. Figure 1B As can be seen in FIG, the rod-shaped cutters 33.a, 33.i of the rod-shaped cutter head 30 are usually arranged in pairs (in groups, each group having two cutters). The arrangement of the rod-shaped cutters 33.a, 33.i along the nominal circle N is not concentric, as in FIG. Figure 1A As in the rod-shaped cutter head 20. Figure 1B As can be seen in FIG, the pitch circle R of the tool head 30 rolls along the base circle G of the workpiece 11. M here identifies the center point of the tool head 30, and Z1 identifies the flight circle radius.

[0014] Figure 1A and Figure 1B The methods shown can also be used as plunge-cut methods for manufacturing crown wheels if they are performed without rolling.

[0015] Furthermore, there are various possibilities for executing the above method. For example, there is single rolling, plunge rolling, double rolling, etc. By combining rolling and plunge processes, starting and ending values, and speed profiles, a wide variety of variants can be used.

[0016] exist Figure 1A and Figure 1B Based on the above, it is easy to see that the kinematics of these methods can sometimes be very complex, as multiple motions occur sequentially and in coordination with each other.

[0017] from Figure 1A and Figure 1B It can also be seen that, depending on the snapshot, multiple tools can be in cutting engagement. Therefore, dynamic load variations can occur.

[0018] Figure 1C shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the first machining stage of an exemplary single-index semi-finishing method according to the prior art. During this first machining stage, the left tooth flank 53f of the bevel gear workpiece 11 is finish-cut, while the right tooth flank 54v is rough-cut. During this first machining stage, the active area 26 of the stick-shaped tool is in a first relative position RP1. At the moment shown, a portion of the outer cutting edge 21.a, a portion of the inner cutting edge 21.i, and the head cutting edge 21.k are being used for chip removal. The portions of the cutting edges 21.a, 21.i, and 21.k used for chip removal are highlighted with dotted lines.

[0019] FIG1D shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the second machining stage of an exemplary single-index semi-finishing method according to the prior art. During this second machining stage, the right tooth flank 54f and the bottom platform 114 region of the bevel gear workpiece 11 are finish-cut. At the time shown, a portion of the outer cutting edge 21.a and the head cutting edge 21.k are used for chip removal. The inner cutting edge 21.i is not used.

[0020] As can be seen from Figures 1C and 1D, different areas of the cutting edge can be engaged for chip removal depending on the machining phase. Therefore, dynamic load changes also occur due to the changes in the machined surface.

[0021] Figure 1A The schematic diagrams up to 1D only partially illustrate the complexity of dynamically varying loads. In reality, these relationships are significantly more complex. Dynamically varying loads depend on numerous factors. In particular, chip thickness, the number of cuts per unit time, cutting speed, the rigidity of the gear cutting machine and tool, the rigidity of the tool cutting portion of the gear cutting tool, the shape and orientation of the cutting edge of the tool cutting portion of the gear cutting tool, and the material properties of the gear workpiece (e.g., the machinability of the material) all play a role, to mention only a few of the influencing variables.

[0022] Furthermore, suppliers are working to increase the productivity of the methods described. These efforts are particularly aimed at increasing cutting speeds. Consequently, the demands placed on the materials and tool life of gear cutting tools are increasing. Cutting head systems are increasingly being used due to their greater flexibility.

[0023] The most common tool type is a tool head. Depending on the tool head type and method, a tool can be a rod-shaped tool, a profile tool, or a tool with a cutting plate. For example, rod-shaped tools are arranged in a so-called tool set. A tool set can consist of, for example, three tools (an inner tool, a middle or head tool, and an outer tool), two tools (an inner tool and an outer tool), or one tool (a complete tool or an inner or outer tool).

[0024] Can be obtained from Figure 2A 、 2B 2C and 2C deduce the details of the exemplary cutter head system.Because this is a prior art cutter head 20, the same reference numerals are used here again.

[0025] The corresponding tool head 20 can carry, for example, a plurality of rod-shaped tool groups, each of which has at least one inner tool 21.i and at least one outer tool 21.a, as already described. Figure 1A shown.

[0026] Figure 2A 、 2B The tool head 20 of 2C can carry, for example, a plurality of rod-shaped tools 23, each of which has an inner cutting edge 21.i and an outer cutting edge 21.a, as in Figure 2A 1C and 1D , the active area 26 of the rod-shaped tool 23 has an asymmetrical shape here.

[0027] According to the gear cutting method, the outer cutting edge 21.a removes material from, for example, the right tooth flank 54v (see FIG. 1C ) of the tooth gap 12 to rough-cut the right tooth flank 54v. Simultaneously, according to the gear cutting method, the inner cutting edge 21.i removes material from, for example, the left tooth flank 53f of the tooth gap 12 to finish-cut the left tooth flank 53f (see FIG. 1C ).

[0028] In a subsequent method step, the outer cutting edge 21.a can then further remove material from the right tooth flank 54v (see FIG. 1D ) of the tooth gap 12 to finish-cut the right tooth flank 54v. The finish-cut tooth flanks are identified by reference numerals 53f and 54f.

[0029] In order to be able to remove material from the tooth flanks of the tooth gap 12 , as already mentioned, corresponding machine settings are predetermined by the gear cutting machine in which the cutter head 20 is used.

[0030] The following is based on Figures 2A-2C The cutter head 20 shown as an example is explained in more detail. These are merely exemplary descriptions here.

[0031] The stick-shaped tool 23 may include a shaft 25 that is fixed in a receiving opening in the base body 22 of the tool head 20. The rake face of the stick-shaped tool 23 is designated by reference numeral 27. The surface of the active area 26 from which chips escape during machining is referred to as the rake face 27. Reference numeral 28 designates the top relief surface, while reference numerals 28.a and 28.i designate the two lateral relief surfaces. Furthermore, a head cutting edge 21.k is provided.

[0032] In principle, the individual surfaces of active area 26 and the angles between them are defined by the assumed cutting direction and advance direction of the gear cutting tool. Basic terminology can be taken, for example, from DIN standard DIN 6581 "Begriffe der Zerspantechnik - Bezugssystem und Winkel am Schneidteil des Werkzeugs [Terms of machining technology - Reference systems and angles on the cutting part of the tool]," Beuth-Verlag, Berlin, 1985. However, other definitions and reference systems may also be used.

[0033] Specifically, the three-dimensional geometry of the cutting edge (or multiple cutting edges) in the effective area 26 is primarily determined by the three-dimensional geometry of the tooth gap to be milled in the gear workpiece and by kinematic methods. Consequently, corresponding limitations are placed on the design / modification of the three-dimensional geometry of the cutting edge (or multiple cutting edges).

[0034] Modern gear cutting machine NC controllers are designed, in part, to slowly accelerate a gear cutting tool (e.g., a stick cutter) or to follow a predetermined acceleration profile while the gear cutting tool is being driven into the material of the gear workpiece. This can, for example, prevent sudden load changes or reduce their negative effects on the tool and workpiece. This can sometimes extend the tool's service life.

[0035] Furthermore, (software) modules designed to interact with the NC controller of a gear cutting machine are increasingly being used. In this case, such modules can monitor and regulate the power consumption of, for example, an axis drive (e.g., the rotary drive of a tool spindle). In this approach, it is assumed that power consumption increases proportionally to the load acting on the gear cutting tool. Such modules can temporarily limit the power supply to the drive, for example, to prevent the load on the gear cutting tool from reaching a peak.

[0036] Despite these measures, significant tool wear or even premature failure of the gear cutting tool may occur, or undesired vibrations may occur, for example, during gear cutting. Summary of the Invention

[0037] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and a device in order to prevent premature tool wear or even failure of a gear cutting tool and / or to suppress vibrations which may affect the surface quality of the gear teeth.

[0038] The invention also aims to enable an optimized utilization of the tool, wherein the term "optimization" is not to be understood in the sense of a mathematical optimization, but rather in the sense of a technical optimization or modification.

[0039] The present invention proceeds from a method which enables the monitoring of the relative force effects on the cutting edge of a gear cutting tool.

[0040] By means of this method, in at least some of the embodiments, it is possible to prevent excessive forces from occurring transiently and / or locally on the individual cutting edges.

[0041] Furthermore, in at least some of the embodiments, the tool or the cutting edge of the tool, respectively, can be used as efficiently as possible so that the limiting values ​​at the cutting edge are not exceeded. However, in this way, chip-producing machining can be performed as quickly as possible without exceeding the limiting values ​​or leaving the limiting range.

[0042] The present invention relates to cutting machining of a gear workpiece (also referred to as gear cutting machining) using a cutting tool comprising at least two geometrically defined cutting edges.

[0043] In all or at least some of the embodiments, the method according to the invention is designed for performing chip-generating (gear cutting) machining of a gear workpiece in a machine using a cutting tool comprising at least two geometrically defined cutting edges, wherein the cutting edges generate material in the form of chips on the gear workpiece within the scope of the chip-generating machining. The chip-generating machining is defined by method parameters and the method according to the invention comprises the following steps:

[0044] (1) Computer-aided analysis of the chips generated on the cutting edge of the cutting tool,

[0045] (2) computer-aided determination of the relative forces that will occur on the cutting edge of the cutting tool during chip generation,

[0046] (3) optimizing chip-generating machining to prevent the relative forces from exceeding a predetermined limit value or reaching a limit range, wherein the adjusted method parameters are provided by adjusting at least one of the method parameters within the optimization range, and

[0047] (4) The gear workpiece (11) is subjected to chip-generating machining (V6) using the adjusted method parameter (or a plurality of adjusted method parameters).

[0048] In all embodiments, the at least two geometrically defined cutting edges can be arranged on a common tool or on different tools.

[0049] In all or at least part of the embodiments, the method of the present invention is divided into preparatory steps (1) to (3) and step (4) for the actual chip-generating machining of the gear workpiece.

[0050] In at least some of the embodiments, steps (1) and (2) may be performed with partial overlap or even simultaneously.

[0051] In order to be able to plan chip-generating machining of a gear workpiece and subsequently to be able to carry out chip-generating machining in a monitored manner, according to the method and embodiments, for example, the relative force effect can be defined as force per unit length of the cutting edge, torque per unit length of the cutting edge, force per unit volume of the cutting edge, torque per unit volume of the cutting edge, or a relative force effect depending on the material of the tool.

[0052] In order to be able to make statements about the relative force effects on the cutting edges of the gear cutting tool, according to the invention, in some or all embodiments of the invention, the method forces are analytically determined in preparatory steps (1)-(3) (e.g. based on system studies and their analysis) which act on the individual cutting edges of the tool of the gear cutting tool in the active area of ​​the tool during the cutting process.

[0053] Thus, all embodiments involve a relative variable (eg, force or torque) that is related in some form to the cutting edge of a gear cutting tool.

[0054] In at least some embodiments, in preparatory steps (1) and (2) for forming chips on a gear workpiece, forces are determined that cause shearing of the material of the gear workpiece. In this case, for example, a mechanical model can be applied that describes the formation of shear planes and / or shear zones. In other words, in this case, a path modeled by the formation process is followed for the shear planes and / or shear zones.

[0055] In at least some embodiments, in the preparatory steps (1)-(2) for forming chips on the gear workpiece, a linear relationship between chip thickness and corresponding machining force is assumed, which helps reduce the analytical determination of the process force.

[0056] In at least some of the embodiments, a potential model or an exponential model may also be applied in the preparatory steps (1)-(2) for forming chips on the gear workpiece.

[0057] For example, during the analysis and / or modeling of formation processes or during the use of linear, potential or exponential models, existing models and / or data can be utilized, or own models and / or data can be applied, and / or own system studies and analyses thereof can be performed.

[0058] Since there are no generally valid analytical formulas for modeling the forming process during bevel gear milling, and since the kinematic conditions can vary significantly during bevel gear milling, in all embodiments according to the present invention, bevel gear milling can be broken down into individual method steps (referred to herein as segments) for better analytical investigation and analysis. For each of these method steps (also referred to herein as segments), the relative cutting forces acting on the respective cutting edge of the active area or on a shorter portion of the respective cutting edge can be determined analytically.

[0059] If it follows from the method of the invention that a force effect is generated on at least one point of at least one of the cutting edges of the gear cutting tool,

[0060] - the force effect exceeds the limit value,

[0061] - the force effect reaches or leaves the limit range,

[0062] The method may thus provide / trigger one or more of the following reactions:

[0063] - sounding an alarm (optical and / or acoustic);

[0064] - generating a (graphic) representation on a display screen, wherein preferably at least said at least one point of said at least one cutting edge is identified, at which point an excessive force effect is to be expected;

[0065] - publishing a message (e.g. on a mobile system or via a network);

[0066] - Starting a (updated) design program in order to be able to modify at least one method parameter of the machining method.

[0067] Because the method can calculate the expected force effects through process simulation and chip analysis, a software module can be provided that, given an expected local overload, reversely determines which method parameters lead to this local overload. Once these method parameters are determined, the software can suggest modifications in an optional step. In this case, the user can be prompted to accept the suggested modifications. The steps are then preferably repeated using the modified method parameter(s). At the end of the corresponding optimization, the method branches back in the machining direction of the gear workpiece.

[0068] In the meaning of this description and the claims, in particular the following variables, parameters, values ​​are to be understood as method parameters:

[0069] - cutting speed, and / or

[0070] - forward speed, and / or

[0071] - Cut-in speed, and / or

[0072] - scroll speed, and / or

[0073] - the angular velocity (or angular velocities) in the machine, and / or

[0074] - other linear motion speeds in the machine, and / or

[0075] - the type of interpolation of the machine's axial motion, and / or

[0076] - pressure, and / or

[0077] - acceleration(s).

[0078] In the sense of this description and the claims, controlled variables and / or controlled variables are also understood to be process parameters. The cutting edge geometry of the tool (or tools) is also considered to be a process parameter, for example, the cutting edge position, the wedge angle, the rake angle, the free angle and the preparation of the cutting edge.

[0079] In the sense of this description and the claims, the choice of tool head and / or tool head indexing, the material of the tool, and / or the cutting process (eg plunge rolling instead of single rolling) are also considered as method parameters.

[0080] If the result of the method according to the invention is that the force effect occurring at at least one point of at least one of the cutting edges of the gear cutting tool is, for example, significantly below a limit value or outside a limit range, then at least one method parameter of the machining method can be modified for method optimization so that the force effect at the at least one point of the relevant cutting edge is closer to the limit value or within a limit range.

[0081] Since the method can calculate the expected force effects through process simulation and chip analysis, a software module can be provided that, in the event of an underload on the cutting edge, reversely determines (e.g., numerically and iteratively) which method parameters lead to this underload. Once these method parameters have been identified, the software can, in an optional step, suggest modifications. In this case, the user can be prompted to accept the suggested modifications. The steps are then preferably executed again using the modified method parameter(s). At the end of the corresponding optimization, the method branches back in the machining direction of the gear workpiece.

[0082] However, there are other cutting tools (e.g., one-piece cutter heads) that can be used within the scope of the method of the present invention. Generally speaking, these are cutting tools that include at least two geometrically defined cutting edges on one tool or on two different tools.

[0083] By using the present invention, tooth flanks having a high-quality surface can be produced effectively and economically / efficiently, wherein the force effects on the individual cutting edges can be planned / monitored.

[0084] As a result, the use of the invention provides a gear wheel, for example a bevel gear wheel with helical teeth, having a high precision and high-quality surface, wherein the maximum possible service life of the cutting tool is utilized as much as possible.

[0085] The invention is particularly applicable to gear cutting tools in which more than one geometrically defined cutting edge is used simultaneously for chip removal. In particular, all embodiments of the invention are applicable to gear cutting tools equipped with at least two profile cutters or at least two stick cutters or at least two cutting plates.

[0086] By means of targeted planning to avoid thermal and / or mechanical overloading of the gear cutting tool, the present invention enables the maximum possible service life of the cutting tool to be utilized.

[0087] The method according to the invention makes it possible to determine the expected cutting edge loads during a portion or the entire (temporal) portion of a cutting process. If excessive forces are expected, then, for example, other process parameters (or parameters) can be selected accordingly. If insufficient forces are expected, then, for example, other process parameters (or parameters) can be selected accordingly for optimization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0088] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0089] Figure 1A A schematic diagram of a single-indexing method according to the prior art is shown to describe the basic principle of the single-indexing method.

[0090] Figure 1B A schematic diagram of a continuous rolling indexing method (eg, a cyclo-palloid method) according to the prior art is shown to enable description of the basic principle of the continuous indexing method.

[0091] 1C shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the first machining stage of the semi-finished single indexing method according to the prior art during fine tooth cutting of the left tooth flank and simultaneous rough tooth cutting of the right tooth flank of a bevel gear workpiece.

[0092] 1D shows a schematic cross-sectional view during finish gear cutting of the right tooth surface of the bevel gear workpiece of FIG. 1C , during the second machining stage of the semi-finished single-indexing method according to the prior art;

[0093] Figures 2A-2C Detail of an exemplary ARCON tool head from Klingelnberg according to the prior art is shown.

[0094] Figure 3 A schematic perspective view of a rake face and three cutting edges surrounding the rake face is shown.

[0095] Figure 4 A schematic flow chart showing the steps of the method of the present invention is shown.

[0096] Figure 5 Shown are tabular representations of exemplary intermediate results of the methods of the present invention.

[0097] Figure 6 A tabular representation of exemplary intermediate results of another method of the present invention is shown.

[0098] Figure 7A A schematic perspective view of a rake face and three cutting edges surrounding the rake face is shown.

[0099] Figure 7B The force effects on the three cutting edges are shown schematically as a function of the distance x.

[0100] Figure 7C Shown according to Figure 7B A tabular representation of exemplary intermediate results of the methods of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0101] In order to be able to better describe the dynamically changing loads that may occur on a gear cutting tool, reference is made hereinafter by way of example and merely schematically to a tool head system from Klingelnberg.

[0102] Here, this is a tool head system designed for the single-index gear cutting method (single-index method). The basic aspects of this single-index method are already based on the Figure 1AThe present invention can also be applied to the continuous indexing method (such as in the beginning based on Figure 1B explained) and other processes.

[0103] Described at the beginning Figure 2A In FIG, the cutting force is represented by an arrow S (the length of the arrow is proportional to the magnitude of the force, and the orientation of the arrow indicates the direction of the force). The cutting force S is substantially perpendicular to the rake face 27. The cutting force S is a vector as a function of time t, so the reference symbol S(t) is also used here.

[0104] Since the force effect on the cutting edge of the tool 20 is important here, the cutting force S is Figure 3 In the diagram, the force is divided into three smaller arrows or vectors Ki, Ka and Kk, which act in opposite directions. This is where the force distribution is performed to more accurately determine the forces acting on the individual cutting edges.

[0105] Together with the cutting force S, these three vectors Ki, Ka, and Kk form a force balance in three-dimensional space. Ki describes the sum of all force components acting on the inner cutting edge 21.i, Ka describes the sum of all force components acting on the outer cutting edge 21.a, and Kk describes the sum of all force components acting on the head cutting edge 21.k. However, this is only a very simplified snapshot on the time axis.

[0106] During gear cutting of a gear workpiece 11 using the cutting edge of tool 20, the sum of these component forces undergoes continuous variation. In this case, not only can their magnitude change, but also their orientation. Furthermore, the starting point can be along the cutting edge. The point on the cutting edge where the sum of the individual component forces Ki, Ka, and Kk begins is referred to as the starting point.

[0107] Since the tool 20 is driven in rotation by the machine's tool spindle (whose dimensions are known), the relative force can always be expressed as a relative torque. If the orientation and length of the cutting edge in space and the distance of the relative force from the tool spindle's axis of rotation are known, the relative force can be converted into a relative torque.

[0108] In all embodiments, relative forces and / or relative torques can be used to determine the force effects on at least two cutting edges. Since the spindle drive of the tool spindle is supplied with current, in all embodiments, for example, the power consumption of the spindle drive (or its windings) per millimeter of cutting edge length can also be used.

[0109] In the plunge-cut process, for example, linear tooth flanks are formed on the gear workpiece by the linear cutting edge of the gear cutting tool 20. In the rolling process, the tooth flanks are formed on the gear workpiece by an envelope of numerous profile cuts. In this case, the movements are significantly more complex, and the forces occurring at the cutting edge can only be determined with significantly greater computational effort.

[0110] If, for example, a modification of the tooth flank topography is performed during gear cutting of a gear workpiece, the corresponding relative movement of the gear cutting tool and the gear workpiece is therefore still significantly more complex.

[0111] Thus, the magnitude, orientation, and starting point of the cutting force S can also be varied, wherein the cutting force S forms a force balance with the component forces Ki, Ka, and Kk, as already mentioned. Therefore, the component forces are also functions of time t, as indicated by the reference symbols Ki(t), Ka(t), and Kk(t).

[0112] In all embodiments, the cutting edge can be divided into smaller parts (e.g., into individual lines or points). In this case, the relative force and / or relative torque and / or relative current and / or power consumption are also divided into several parts.

[0113] As you begin to combine Figure 1A -1D, the number of tools operating by cutting at a given point in time can vary. That is, the total driving force (or corresponding power consumption) of the spindle drive of the tool spindle of the tool 20 is broken down into a plurality of cutting forces S, which, in use, can each have different magnitudes, orientations and different starting points on the rake face 27. If, despite the temporal changes in the reaction forces, the gear cutting tool 20 is driven at a constant speed of, for example, the tool spindle, the NC controller of the spindle drive must permanently readjust the current. As the component forces on the cutting edge increase, the spindle drive must respond with a greater drive torque, i.e. the applied current must be increased. If the sum of the component forces decreases, the current must be reduced to reduce the drive torque in order to keep the speed constant.

[0114] The present invention is based on a method which enables the most accurate possible monitoring of the relative force effects on the cutting edge of a gear cutting tool and which enables the relationships / effects of individual process parameters to be identified.

[0115] According to the present invention, the expected forces Ki, Ka and Kk can be calculated as a function of time before the actual gear cutting.

[0116] If it is assumed that there is only one force effect per cutting edge and, for simplicity, that this force acts over the entire cutting edge length (this does not apply to the snapshot in FIG1C ), then the relative force effect can be calculated, since the currently acting force is divided in each case by the absolute cutting edge length. 1000 N acting on a cutting edge with a shorter cutting edge length results in a significantly higher relative force effect than 1000 N acting on a cutting edge with a longer cutting edge length.

[0117] In all exemplary embodiments, a cutting edge-specific maximum force can be defined for each cutting edge and / or a relative, cutting edge-specific maximum force effect can be defined for each cutting edge.

[0118] Thus, all embodiments involve relative variables that are related in some form to the cutting edge of a gear cutting tool.

[0119] To cover the various variations of the method according to the invention, these relative variables are referred to herein as relative, cutting-edge-specific force specifications, or simply relative, cutting-edge-specific forces. In other words, these relative variables can be, for example, (maximum) forces associated with a specific cutting edge, or (maximum) forces associated with a specific cutting edge's geometrical specifications (e.g., (partial) length, (partial) area, or (partial) volume). Area and volume are directly related to the (partial) length of the corresponding cutting edge. Therefore, conversions can be performed.

[0120] As already mentioned, instead of force, torque and / or power consumption can also be used as relative variables.

[0121] Furthermore, there is a direct relationship between the force acting on the (partial) length of the corresponding cutting edge and the cutting work acting on the corresponding (partial) volume to cut off the chip.

[0122] In an embodiment operating with relative forces associated with specific cutting edges, the relative forces can be defined, for example, for a first tool of tool 20 as K.i1 [N] for the inner cutting edge, K.a1 [N] for the outer cutting edge, and K.k1 [N] for the head cutting edge. Then, for a second tool of the same tool 20, the relative forces can be defined as K.i2 [N] for the inner cutting edge, K.a2 [N] for the outer cutting edge, and K.k2 [N] for the head cutting edge. Thus, a relative force can be assigned to each cutting edge of each tool of tool 20. The nomenclature used herein should be understood to be merely exemplary.

[0123] If the tool 20 comprises, for example, a plurality of tool groups (eg, outer tool, middle tool, and inner tool), then in all embodiments the relative forces may be distributed, for example, to each tool of such a group.

[0124] In order to prevent temporary overstraining or even breakage of the cutting edge, in all embodiments a maximum value (as a limit value) can be specified independently for each cutting edge.

[0125] If the length of the respective cutting edge is known, the forces can each be expressed as an absolute value in N. An outer cutting edge 21a having a length of, for example, 20 mm can be assigned, for example, a maximum relative force Ka max = 2000 N (in this context, the word "relative" means that the force is in relation to a specific cutting edge). In principle, this corresponds to a relative, cutting edge-specific maximum force rK.a max =2000N / 20mm=100N / mm.

[0126] In this way, it is possible to prevent excessive forces from being generated transiently and / or locally on the individual cutting edges during gear cutting of the gear workpiece.

[0127] To this end, depending on the method and embodiment, for example, the relative force effect can also be defined as the force per unit length of the cutting edge, the torque per unit length of the cutting edge, the force per unit volume of the cutting edge, the torque per unit volume of the cutting edge, or the power consumption per unit length of the cutting edge. max = 2000 N, the relative force effect can be established as the force per unit length of the cutting edge, which has a maximum value of 100 N / mm (as a limiting value).

[0128] based on Figure 4 Described are exemplary steps of a first embodiment of the method of the present invention, Figure 4 A flow chart is shown in schematic form.

[0129] In all embodiments, the method may start, for example, with a simulation (also referred to herein as planning) of the gear cutting process. Figure 4 The first preparatory step is provided with reference numeral V1. For example, the gear hobbing of the bevel gear workpiece can be simulated computationally (i.e., computer-aided). For example, suitable software can be used to simulate the gear cutting process (e.g., software running with the aid of FEM).

[0130] The computational (ie computer-aided) simulation in step V1 may be provided, for example, by data {D}, such as Figure 4 As shown. These data {D} can be retrieved from the memory 150. The data {D} can be provided in advance by the combination of computer and software 151, for example within the design scope of the gear workpiece to be machined. The data {D} can also be directly transmitted (without (intermediate) storage) to step V1 by the combination of computer and software 151.

[0131] In all exemplary embodiments, the computational (ie computer-aided) simulation in step V1 can be supplied with specifications / data, for example, for a three-dimensional definition of a gear workpiece, here designated WG.

[0132] In all embodiments, the computational (i.e., computer-aided) simulation in step V1 can be supplied with specifications / data for a three-dimensional definition of the gear cutting tool 20 and / or the associated cutting edge, here designated as VG. The specifications / data can describe, for example, the geometry of the cutting head 20 equipped with a stick-shaped tool 23 and the geometry of the cutting edge (e.g., as a transverse two-dimensional or three-dimensional polygon).

[0133] In all exemplary embodiments, the computational (ie computer-aided) simulation in step V1 can be supplied with specifications / data, for example for the definition of the machine and / or the kinematics, here designated KG.

[0134] These variables are generally referred to herein as method parameters.

[0135] exist Figure 4 It is shown that specifications / data WG and / or VG and / or KG can be supplied for the simulation in step V1 .

[0136] In the following step V2, for example, a segmentation can be performed. Segmentation here refers to a segmentation method that enables the gear cutting process to be broken down into time windows and / or length portions and / or volumetric portions.

[0137] The results of segment V2 are Figure 4 1 to 1. The number of segments n is represented by a plurality of squares, which have the reference symbols Δ1 to Δn. n designates the number of segments. The greater the number n, the more accurate the statements about chip formation and the forces occurring on the individual parts of the cutting edge of the active area 26.

[0138] The more complex the gear cutting process, i.e., the greater the expected dynamic load variations during gear cutting, the more segments Δn (e.g., time windows and / or length segments and / or volume segments) should be applied. A gear cutting process that is subject to only small load variations can be defined with sufficient accuracy using a few time windows, length segments, and / or volume segments. In contrast, a gear cutting process that is subject to significant load variations should be defined using a greater number of time windows, length segments, and / or volume segments.

[0139] For each of the n segments, in all embodiments, the expected chip geometry can be determined, for example, by calculation. The determination of the chip geometry can be performed, for example, based on a penetration calculation, wherein the penetration calculation describes the movement of the cutting edge of the active area 26 through the material of the gear workpiece. In the penetration calculation, for example, for each of the n segments of the current tool envelope body, two surfaces or bodies can be calculated by subtraction based on the geometry and kinematics of the cutting edge. The chip geometry can be calculated, for example, based on the current tool envelope body. Within the scope of the penetration calculation, for example, it can also be calculated for each of the n segments via which (length) part of the tool cutting edge which area of ​​the workpiece is cut. If the method according to the invention takes into account force effects associated with the currently used cutting edge length (for example in N per millimeter), a corresponding length specification is required.

[0140] In the subsequent step V3, a computer-aided chip analysis is performed.

[0141] For example, if more than one chip is formed in one of the n segments (e.g., due to chip breakage), the average value of all chips in this segment can be calculated within the scope of chip analysis V3. In this way, the geometry of the average imaginary chip can be obtained for the corresponding step. This average imaginary chip geometry can then be used in further steps.

[0142] For example, if more than one chip is formed in one of the n segments, a statistical analysis can be performed on all the chips of this segment within the scope of chip analysis V3. This process results in a statistically hypothetical chip geometry for the corresponding segment. This statistically hypothetical chip geometry can then be used in further steps.

[0143] For example, if more than one chip is formed in one of the n segments, a maximum value observation can alternatively be performed within the scope of chip analysis V3, for example to determine the largest (thickest) chip of the corresponding segment. The geometry of this largest (thickest) chip can then be used in further steps. In the maximum value consideration, it is assumed that the maximum force also occurs on the cutting edge of the active region 26 during the generation of the largest (thickest) chip.

[0144] Chip Analysis V3 can be used in all embodiments as follows Figure 4 The design shown is a function block or module, wherein the function block or module respectively analyzes the chip geometry of n segments. If the geometry variables are not segmented, the function block or module can analyze the chip geometry of the cutting edge.

[0145] In all embodiments, the chip analysis V3 can be performed based on a calculation, evaluation or consideration of the chip geometry ( Figure 4In the following steps (e.g., Figure 4 1, V4.2 in ), a statement is then made about the forces occurring at the cutting edge of the active region 26 by means of the geometry.

[0146] The limit values ​​and / or limit ranges may be predetermined (eg, they may be loaded from a memory), or the user may be prompted to enter one or more limit values ​​(eg, rK max ), which is in Figure 4 Indicated by optional step V4.3.

[0147] However, in all embodiments, the chip analysis V3 can also be based on a calculation, evaluation or consideration of the chip formation process ( Figure 4 In a subsequent step, based on the chip formation process, statements are then made about the forces occurring at the cutting edge of the active region 26 (e.g. Figure 4 (sub-steps V4.1 and V4.2).

[0148] In all embodiments, the chip analysis V3 can also comprise n parallel functional blocks or modules, wherein each functional block or module analyses the chip geometry of one of the cutting edges or one of the n segments quasi-parallel.

[0149] In order to be able to make statements about the relative force effects on the cutting edge of a gear cutting tool (e.g. Figure 4 In sub-steps V4.1, V4.2), in some or all embodiments of the present invention, method forces are determined analytically (for example, based on the chip geometry V3.2 and / or based on the process of chip formation V3.1), which method forces act on the individual cutting edges of the effective area 26 of the tool during chip removal gear cutting.

[0150] In order to be able to make corresponding statements about the relative forces on the cutting edge of a gear cutting tool (e.g. Figure 4 In substeps V4.1, V4.2), in some or all embodiments of the present invention, the method force is determined analytically dynamically, ie the relative movement as a function of time t is also incorporated into the analysis.

[0151] In at least some embodiments, in order to form chips on the gear workpiece ( Figure 4 In optional step V3.1), the forces that cause the shearing of material from the gear workpiece are determined. In this case, for example, a mechanical model can be used that describes the formation of shear planes and / or shear zones. In other words, in this case, a path modeled by the forming process is followed.

[0152] In at least some embodiments, in order to form chips on the gear workpiece ( Figure 4 In optional step V3.1) of the , a linear relationship between chip thickness and the corresponding machining force is assumed, which helps to reduce the effort for analytically determining the method forces.

[0153] In at least some embodiments, in order to form chips on the gear workpiece ( Figure 4 As an optional step V3.1 in

[0096] , a potential model or an exponential model can also be applied.

[0154] When modeling the formation process or using a linear model, a potential model, or an exponential model, for example, existing models and / or data can be used, or one can apply one's own models and / or data and / or analysis. The data can be predefined, for example, based on empirical values ​​and / or determined experimentally and / or empirically and / or analytically.

[0155] For example Figure 4 As shown, the determination of the force can optionally be divided into two sub-steps V4.1, V4.2, wherein only this division is performed here for the sake of better illustration. The corresponding force can also be determined in one step.

[0156] After the chip analysis in step V3, the absolute forces occurring during the machining of the gear workpiece can be determined (substep V4.1). These forces can be determined, for example, over time or for example for each segment n.

[0157] Then, in substep V4.2, relative forces can be determined from these forces. As already described, relative forces differ in that they refer to the cutting edge used.

[0158] Possible nomenclatures for identifying relative forces have been described above and may be applied here. This nomenclature is to be understood only as an example and may be used to better explain these relationships.

[0159] exist Figure 5 The results of step V4.2 are shown in FIG. 1 based on n tables (each of which reflects the relative forces occurring for one of segments 1 to n). Each of the n tables specifies the relevant segment (e.g., Δ1) in the top row. This is followed by three columns: K.i1, K.a1, and K.k1, where K.i1 represents the relative force in [N] acting on the inner cutting edge 21i, K.a1 represents the relative force in [N] acting on the outer cutting edge 21.a, and K.k1 represents the relative force in [N] acting on the head cutting edge 21.k.

[0160] As in Figure 5As can be seen in the table, these n tables include a bottom row in which a separate maximum force can be specified as a limit value in [N] for each of the three cutting edges 21.i, 21a, and 21.k. In this numerical example, 2000 N is specified as the upper limit value for each cutting edge 21.i, 21.a for each of the n segments. 500 N is specified as the upper limit value for each head cutting edge 21.k for each of the n segments.

[0161] Considering these numerical examples results in the following graph. During the first segment n = 1, all forces are significantly below 2000 N or 500 N, respectively. However, during the second segment n = 2, the force acting on the outer cutting edge 21.a is 500 N greater than 2000 N. The corresponding fields in the table have a gray background. In the last segment n, all forces are again below 2000 N or 500 N, respectively.

[0162] Preferably, in all embodiments, the relative forces are determined in a computer-aided manner (step V4.2) in order to be able to judge the forces to be expected before the actual cutting operation of the gear workpiece with the cutting edge of the tool is carried out.

[0163] Step V4.2 will indicate or communicate to the operator or another user of the machine in the example shown the situation of inadmissibly high force effects that may occur, for example, on the outer cutting edge 21a during the second segment n=2.

[0164] The operator / user can now decide whether he still wishes to carry out the cutting of the gear workpiece in the planned form, or whether he wishes to modify the specifications, for example, for the process simulation, which is designated as step V1. To this end, the method can, for example, return to the computer and software 151 combination, for example, to enable a different design and / or predetermine different kinematics (e.g., with a reduced cutting depth). The selection of a different design and / or different kinematics is referred to herein as adjustment of method parameters.

[0165] exist Figure 4 In the calculation, evaluation or observation of the results of step V4.2 is identified by reference symbol V5. If all values ​​are OK, or if the operator / user still wants to carry out the gear cutting process in the planned form, the gear cutting process is carried out in step V6.

[0166] If at least one of the values ​​is problematic, the method can branch back to the design, e.g. Figure 4 As shown in the middle branch 152.

[0167] Figure 5 The arrow 153 in FIG. 1 indicates that the method may generally branch here (e.g., Figure 4 shown).

[0168] If the result of the method according to the invention is that the force effect occurring on at least one point of at least one of the cutting edges of the gear cutting tool is above a limit value, the method can therefore provide / trigger one or more of the following reactions:

[0169] - sounding an alarm (optical and / or acoustic);

[0170] - generating a (graphic) representation on a display screen, wherein preferably at least said at least one point of said at least one cutting edge is identified, at which point an excessive force effect is to be expected;

[0171] - publishing a message (e.g., to a mobile system or via a network);

[0172] - Starting a (updated) design program in order to be able to change at least one method parameter of the machining method.

[0173] Since the method can calculate the expected force effects with the help of process simulation V1 and chip analysis V3, a software module can optionally be provided that, in the event of an expected local overload, determines which method parameters lead to this local overload. Once these method parameters have been found, the software can, in an optional step, suggest modifications (e.g., by displaying them on a display screen). In this case, the user can be prompted to accept the suggested modifications (e.g., by actuating a key combination). Steps V1-V5 are then preferably executed again using the modified method parameters. In step V5, the method then branches in the direction of step V6.

[0174] After an updated design or after a modified design, ie as soon as modified method parameters are provided, steps V1 up to and including V5 can be carried out again.

[0175] Since the calculation of the chip geometry or chip thickness cannot always be completely accurate during the individual stages of the chip removal method, variations in chip thickness can be taken into account in all embodiments of the invention. If, for example, experiments have shown that the calculated chip thickness can vary by ±10%, the currently determined values ​​of these tables can be provided, for example, with variations of ±10% (abbreviated as Var.). Corresponding numerical examples are shown in FIG. Figure 6 shown.

[0176] right Figure 6The results of these numerical examples are shown in the following figures. During the first segment n = 1, all forces are significantly below 2000 N or 500 N, respectively. However, during the second segment n = 2, the force on the outer cutting edge 21.a can exceed 2000 N by 750 N, while the force on the head cutting edge 21.k can exceed 500 N by 28 N. The corresponding fields in the table have a gray background. The method branches back here, as indicated by arrow 153. In the last segment n, all forces are again below 2000 N or 500 N, respectively.

[0177] Based on another example, Figure 7A and 7B Detail of another embodiment is shown. Figure 3 similar, Figure 7A A detail of the active area 26 of a stick-shaped tool is shown, for example. As already described, the three cutting edges of the stick-shaped tool are provided with the reference numerals 21.a, 21.i and 21.k. Figure 7B A linear arrangement of the three cutting edges 21.a, 21.i and 21.k is shown, wherein the relative force rK (e.g. in [N / mm]) is plotted on the vertical axis and the distance x is plotted on the horizontal axis. The force effect on the cutting edges 21.a, 21.i and 21.k can be expressed as a function of the distance x. However, in Figure 7B In the example shown, the relative forces acting at four points on the outer cutting edge 21.a and four points on the inner cutting edge 21.i are represented by one bar. The corresponding forces acting on the head cutting edge 21.k are represented by two bars.

[0178] Here, the time point t=ta has been established as a segment Δ2 , which can, for example, define a time window.

[0179] In all embodiments, the force effect of each segment Δn on the cutting edges 21.a, 21.i and 21.k can be determined in the form of one or more discrete values ​​(represented here by bars), or in all embodiments, the force effect of each segment Δn on the cutting edges 21a, 21.i and 21.k can be determined, for example, in the form of a function of the distance x.

[0180] If, for example, the force effect is provided as a function of the distance x, then in all embodiments the maximum value of the corresponding curve profile can be determined based on a maximum value study. This maximum value can then be used to determine whether a predetermined maximum value (e.g., 100 N / mm) as a limit value is exceeded.

[0181] exist Figure 7CThe results of step V4.2 are shown in two tables, each of which reflects the relative forces occurring in one of the segments Δ1 and Δ2. Each of the two tables contains the identifier of the relevant segment (Δ1 and Δ2) in the top row. This is followed by three columns: K.a1, K.k1, and K.i1. K.i1 specifies the data set of the relative forces acting on the inner cutting edge 21.i in [N / mm], K.a1 specifies the data set of the relative forces acting on the outer cutting edge 21.a in [N / mm], and K.k1 specifies the data set of the relative forces acting on the head cutting edge 21.k in [N / mm]. Both the data sets for the outer cutting edge 21.a and the inner cutting edge 21.i include four discrete values, while the data set for the head cutting edge 21.k includes two discrete values.

[0182] right Figure 7C The results of these numerical examples are shown in the following figure. During the first period n = 1, all forces are clearly below 100 N / mm, which has been predetermined as the limit value rK max During the second segment n=2, the relative force on the outer cutting edge 21.a is greater than 100 N / mm by approximately 10 N / mm or 5 N / mm. The corresponding values ​​in the table have a gray background. The method also branches back here, as indicated by arrow 153.

[0183] Instead of a table, an interactive graphical representation is also possible, in which the corresponding relative load on the cutting edge is displayed graphically (color-coded and height-coded) (e.g. as a projection on a drawing plane or a 3D plane) as a function of time, roll angle and / or cutting distance (interactively displaceable via a controller).

[0184] As in Figures 7A-7C As shown on the basis of the example of , the cutting edge is preferably divided into a plurality of length sections. Thus, by analyzing the data set, it can be identified in which length section of the cutting edge the highest local forces occur instantaneously.

[0185] In addition to or as an alternative to segmentation into multiple length portions, segmentation into multiple time periods may be performed.

[0186] In all embodiments, the relative force occurring at the cutting edge can be calculated from the corresponding chip thickness. In this case, as a simplification, it can be assumed that the maximum chip thickness also requires the maximum force on the corresponding cutting edge. Therefore, in these embodiments, for the sake of simplicity, a direct proportional relationship between chip thickness and relative force is preferred.

[0187] However, in all embodiments, instead of analyzing only the chip thickness, the chip formation (optional step V3.1) and / or the three-dimensional chip geometry (optional step V3.2) can be analyzed more precisely. In this case, for example, various types of chip formation or individual zones on the chip during chip formation can be observed. For example, it is known that a stagnation and shearing-off zone forms in the transition area between the rake face 27 and the adjacent free surface (e.g., free surface 28.a) at the cutting wedge in front of the main cutting edge. The forces acting on the cutting edge are greatest here, i.e., the relative forces typically also reach a maximum here. This zone is the area where the material is sheared off.

[0188] In addition to the stagnation and cut-off zones, a shearing zone can also be observed on the rake face 27. The relative forces there are slightly lower than in the region of the stagnation and cut-off zones.

[0189] During the machining of a gear workpiece using the cutting edges of a tool, these edges are subject to a certain amount of wear. It is known that the patterns of wear vary greatly. The wear patterns that typically develop in the various length sections of the individual cutting edges can be determined based on the worn tool. For example, if the wear patterns of the head cutting edge (e.g., cracking) differ from those of the outer and inner cutting edges (e.g., rounding of the cutting edges due to wear), then different maximum values ​​can be established, particularly for the head cutting edge than for, for example, the outer and inner cutting edges. This approach ultimately makes it possible to improve the service life of the entire (rod-shaped) tool.

[0190] Reference Symbols

[0191]

[0192]

[0193]

Claims

1. A method for chip-generating machining of a gear workpiece (11) in a machine using a cutting tool (20), the cutting tool (20) comprising at least two geometrically defined cutting edges (21.a, 21.i, 21.k) which produce material in the form of chips on the gear workpiece (11) within the scope of the chip-generating machining, wherein the chip-generating machining is defined by method parameters, the method comprising the following steps: (1) performing a computer-aided analysis of chip generation on a plurality of cutting edges (21.a, 21.i, 21.k) of said cutting tool (20), (2) performing a computer-aided determination of relative forces that will occur on a plurality of cutting edges (21.a, 21.i, 21.k) of the cutting tool (20) during chip generation, wherein: Relative force is defined as the force per unit length of the cutting edge, the torque per unit length of the cutting edge, the force per unit volume of the cutting edge, the torque per unit volume of the cutting edge, or the power consumption per unit length of the cutting edge. (3) optimizing chip-generating machining to prevent the relative forces from exceeding a predetermined limit value or reaching a limit range, wherein the adjusted method parameters are provided by adjusting at least one of the method parameters within the optimization range, and (4) Performing chip-generating machining on the gear workpiece (11) using the adjusted method parameters.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Within the scope of steps (1) to (3), the expected loads on the plurality of cutting edges (21.a, 21.i, 21.k) of the cutting tool (20) are determined for a portion or the entire time portion of the cutting process.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The segmentation is performed in a method step which is performed before step (1) or as part of step (1), The segmentation divides the cutting edge (21.a, 21.i, 21.k) into a plurality of points in time, a plurality of time sections or a plurality of length sections, wherein the relative force of each of these sections is then determined within the scope of step (2).

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that Within the scope of step (2), a computer-assisted chip analysis is performed, which includes determining the process of chip formation and / or determining the chip geometry.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that Within the scope of step (2), a computer-assisted chip analysis is performed based on one or more of the following options: a mechanistic model describing the formation of shear planes and / or shear zones, -Assuming a linear relationship between chip thickness and the counterforce required for chip-producing machining, -potential model, -Exponential model.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that At least one limit value and / or at least one limit range is predetermined, or the user is prompted to input at least one limit value and / or at least one limit range.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The following steps are carried out within the scope of optimizing chip-generating machining: (3a) checking whether one of the relative forces exceeds a predetermined limit value or reaches a limit range, If one of the relative forces exceeds a predetermined limit value or reaches a limit range, the planned chip-generating machining of the gear workpiece (11) is changed at least once by adjusting at least one of the method parameters so that the one of the relative forces falls below the predetermined limit value or falls below the limit range, Repeating step (3a) as long as said one of the relative forces exceeds a predetermined limit value or reaches a limit range, If no relative force exceeds the predetermined limit value or does not reach the limit range, step (4) is performed.

8. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The following steps are carried out within the scope of optimizing chip-generating machining: (3b) checking whether one of the relative forces is below a predetermined limit value, If one of the relative forces is below a predetermined limit value, at least one modification of the planned chip-generating machining of the gear workpiece (11) is performed by adjusting at least one of the method parameters so that the one of the relative forces approaches the predetermined limit value, Repeating step (3b) until said one of the relative forces reaches a predetermined limit value, If said one of the relative forces reaches a predetermined limit value, step (4) is performed.

9. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The method for chip-generating machining of a gear workpiece (11) in a machine using a cutting tool (20) is a single indexing method or a continuous indexing method.

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