One-way sliding swing support

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of seismic isolation and shock absorption of engineering structures, and discloses a one-way sliding and swinging bearing, wherein the bearing is used in a bridge, and comprises an upper bearing plate, a lower bearing plate and a support member, wherein the support member is placed on the lower bearing plate, and the upper bearing plate is placed on the support member, and a plurality of shear keys are respectively connected on the bottom surface of the upper bearing plate and the top surface of the lower bearing plate on the periphery of the support member; and the plurality of shear keys connected to the upper bearing plate are distributed on opposite sides of the support member along the length direction of the bridge. The one-way sliding and swinging bearing provided by the present invention is provided so as to allow free sliding in one direction between the support member and the upper bearing plate; in the other direction, i.e., upwardly across the bridge, the support member swings and deforms under the action of an earthquake, and at the same time, the support has a good self-resetting ability under the deadweight of the upper structure, which is conducive to reducing the damage to the main body of the bearing, overcoming the shear failure problem of existing bridge bearings in strong earthquakes, and improving the recoverable performance of the post-earthquake function of the overall bridge structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of seismic isolation and shock absorption of engineering structures, in particular to a one-way sliding and swinging support. Background Art

[0002] Earthquakes are a common natural disaster. Bridges are lifeline projects. Once damaged by an earthquake, it will cause huge casualties and economic losses, and it is extremely difficult to repair them after the earthquake. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the seismic performance of bridge structures, especially their recoverability after an earthquake.

[0003] In bridge structures, it is usually necessary to install bearings between the superstructure and the substructure to resist external loads, temperature changes, earthquakes, etc. Traditional bearings such as plate rubber bearings adapt to structural deformation under earthquakes through shear deformation between rubber steel plate laminates, but due to the limited shear deformation capacity that the bearings can provide, it is difficult to provide effective energy dissipation; and this shear deformation is uncontrollable, especially under large horizontal earthquakes, the shear deformation is likely to be too large to cause shear failure of the bearings, resulting in serious consequences.

[0004] Existing seismic isolation bearings produce large plastic deformation after an earthquake, making it difficult to achieve the automatic reset of the upper structure after an earthquake and the rapid recovery of the entire engineering structure. Taking bridges as an example, the existing sliding bearings of bridges cause the lower structure of the bridge to be subjected to large forces during an earthquake. The lower structure of the bridge is severely damaged during an earthquake, and large plastic deformation may occur after an earthquake, making it difficult to achieve the self-reset or functional recovery of the bridge structure after an earthquake, and the entire bridge structure is also difficult to repair quickly. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention provides a one-way sliding and rocking bearing, which is used to solve or partially solve the problem of excessive shear deformation or large residual displacement of existing bearings in earthquakes, and improve the post-earthquake rapid recovery performance of engineering structures.

[0006] An embodiment of the present invention provides a one-way sliding and rocking bearing for use in a bridge, comprising an upper bearing plate and a lower bearing plate, and also a support member, wherein the support member is placed on the lower bearing plate, and the upper bearing plate is placed on the support member, and the bottom surface of the upper bearing plate and the top surface of the lower bearing plate are respectively connected to a plurality of shear keys on the periphery of the support member; the distance between the lower end of the shear key connected to the upper bearing plate and the side wall of the support member is greater than the distance between the upper end and the side wall of the support member, the distance between the upper end of the shear key connected to the lower bearing plate and the side wall of the support member is greater than the distance between the lower end and the side wall of the support member, and the plurality of shear keys connected to the upper bearing plate are distributed on opposite sides of the support member along the length direction of the bridge.

[0007] Based on the above scheme, the side of the shear key facing the support member is set as an inclined surface; the top end of the shear key connected to the upper support plate is connected to the support member, and the bottom end of the shear key connected to the lower support plate is connected to the support member.

[0008] On the basis of the above solution, a sliding friction plate is provided between the support member and the upper support plate.

[0009] On the basis of the above scheme, it also includes a plurality of dampers arranged on the periphery of the support member, one end of the damper is detachably slidably connected to the upper support plate along the length direction of the bridge, and the other end of the damper is detachably fixedly connected to the lower support plate.

[0010] Based on the above solution, the plurality of dampers are symmetrically distributed about the support member.

[0011] Based on the above scheme, the bottom surface of the upper support plate is connected to a limiting block at a position corresponding to the damper, and a groove is provided on the limiting block along the length direction of the bridge, and the top of the damper is inserted into the groove.

[0012] On the basis of the above solution, at least one damper distributed along the same straight line in the length direction of the bridge on either side of the support member is inserted into the groove of the same limit block.

[0013] Based on the above solution, the width of the groove is greater than the top width of the damper, and there is a gap between the top of the damper and the bottom of the groove.

[0014] Based on the above solution, an enlarged head is provided on the top of the damper, and the enlarged head is inserted into the groove.

[0015] An embodiment of the present invention provides a one-way sliding and rocking bearing, in which a support member and an upper support plate are arranged to slide freely in one direction to satisfy free deformation caused by temperature stress and the like; in the other direction, i.e., upwardly across the bridge, the support member rocked and deformed under the action of an earthquake, and the support had good self-resetting ability under the deadweight of the upper structure, which was beneficial to reducing damage to the support body, thereby overcoming the problems of excessive shear deformation or large residual displacement of existing supports and improving the seismic performance of the overall engineering structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a one-way sliding and swinging support according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the swing state of the one-way sliding swing type support according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 For the embodiments of the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross section of the AA surface;

[0020] Figure 4 For the embodiments of the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross section of the middle BB surface;

[0021] Figure 5 is a schematic side view of a damper in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 is a schematic top view of a damper in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a top view of a long limit block in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 It is a side view schematic diagram of a long limit block in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the application of a one-way sliding and swinging bearing on a bridge in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the partial connection of a one-way sliding and rocking bearing on a bridge in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Description of reference numerals:

[0028] Among them, 1. Upper bearing plate; 2. Support; 3. Damper; 3-1. Enlarged head; 3-2. Energy absorption section; 3-3. Anchor connecting plate; 4. Lower bearing plate; 5. Shear key; 6. Reserved holes; 7. Damper anchor bolts; 8. Limit block; 8-1. Long limit block; 8-2. Short limit block; 9. Reserved internal threaded hole; 10. Sliding friction plate; 11. Reserved screw hole; 12. Prefabricated T-beam; 13. Embedded threaded pipe; 14. Cap beam; 15. Pier; 16. Support anchor bolts; 17. One-way sliding and swinging bearing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] refer to Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a one-way sliding and swinging bearing, which can be used for bridge bearings. The one-way sliding and swinging bearing includes an upper bearing plate 1 and a lower bearing plate 4. The one-way sliding and swinging bearing also includes a support member 2, which is placed on the lower bearing plate 4, and the upper bearing plate 1 is placed on the support member 2. There is no connection measure between the support member 2 and the lower bearing plate 4 and the upper bearing plate 1. The support member 2 is disconnected from the upper bearing plate 1 and the lower bearing plate 4.

[0032] A plurality of shear keys 5 are respectively connected to the bottom surface of the upper bearing plate 1 and the top surface of the lower bearing plate 4 on the periphery of the support member 2. The distance between the lower end of the shear key 5 connected to the upper bearing plate 1 and the side wall of the support member 2 is greater than the distance between the upper end and the side wall of the support member 2, and the distance between the upper end of the shear key 5 connected to the lower bearing plate 4 and the side wall of the support member 2 is greater than the distance between the lower end and the side wall of the support member 2. And the plurality of shear keys 5 connected to the upper bearing plate 1 are distributed on opposite sides of the support member 2 along the length direction of the bridge.

[0033] The cross section of the support member 2 may be a circular cross section or a rectangular cross section; it may be a steel block, a steel tube concrete block or other rigid materials. The shear key 5 on the upper support plate 1 may be welded to the upper support plate 1; the shear key 5 on the lower support plate 4 may be welded to the lower support plate 4. The shear key 5 limits the support member 2 at the top and bottom peripheries of the support member 2, and can prevent the support member 2 from sliding relative to the lower support plate 4 and the upper support plate 1.

[0034] The distance between the end of the shear key 5 away from the support plate and the support member 2 is relatively large. Figure 2, so that the shear key 5 plays a limiting role on the support member 2 to prevent the support member 2 from sliding horizontally, and the support member 2 can swing between the shear keys 5. This setting can avoid collision with the support member 2. The arranged shear keys 5 limit the horizontal displacement of the upper and lower surfaces of the support member 2 to prevent the support member 2 from sliding and twisting, and at the same time ensure that the normal swing of the support member 2 is not restricted.

[0035] The present embodiment further takes into account that the bearings in engineering structures, especially bridge bearings, not only transmit the vertical and horizontal forces caused by the structural deadweight and variable loads of the superstructure to the bridge piers, but also should ensure that the structure can deform freely under the influence of factors such as vehicle loads, temperature changes, or shrinkage and creep of concrete; therefore, the present embodiment arranges the shear keys 5 connected to the upper bearing plate 1 to be distributed on opposite sides of the support member 2 along the length direction of the bridge (along the bridge direction), thereby providing a swinging bearing that can swing and deform in the transverse direction of the bridge under the action of an earthquake, dissipate seismic energy, and at the same time ensure that the bearing can slide unidirectionally in the direction of the bridge.

[0036] Specifically, the periphery of the support member 2 can be divided into four directions, two of which are along the length of the bridge, which are the longitudinal directions of the bridge; and the other two are along the width of the bridge, which are the transverse directions of the bridge. Figure 4 In this embodiment, the shear keys 5 connected to the upper support plate 1 are arranged at two opposite sides of the outer periphery of the support member 2 along the bridge direction, which can limit the horizontal sliding of the top of the support member 2 in the transverse bridge direction. Because there is no shear key 5 blocking the top of the support member 2 in the direction along the bridge direction, the top of the support member 2 and the upper support plate 1 can slide horizontally along the bridge direction.

[0037] The present embodiment provides a one-way sliding and rocking bearing, in which the support member 2 and the upper support plate 1 can slide freely in one direction to meet the free deformation caused by temperature stress, etc.; in the other direction, i.e., the cross bridge is upward, the support member 2 undergoes rocking deformation rather than shear deformation under the action of an earthquake, and the bearing has good self-resetting ability under the deadweight of the upper structure, which is beneficial to reducing damage to the bearing body, thereby overcoming the problems of excessive shear deformation or large residual displacement of existing bearings, and improving the seismic performance of the overall engineering structure.

[0038] Further, the shear key 5 is fixedly arranged at the upper and lower corners and / or around the support member 2. Figure 3, the shear keys 5 connected to the lower support plate 4 can be arranged at the corners of the support member 2. The shear keys 5 at the corners of the support member 2 can play a good limiting role on the support member 2. The shear keys 5 can be arranged at the corners on each side of the lower end of the support member 2, so as to play a limiting role on each side of the support member 2, so that the support member 2 cannot slip in any direction. The shear keys 5 can also be arranged at the non-corner parts, i.e., the sides, around the lower end of the support member 2, which can also achieve a good limiting effect on the support member 2. The specific setting positions and quantity of the shear keys 5 around the lower end of the support member 2, i.e., the shear keys 5 connected to the lower support plate 4, can be flexibly set according to actual needs, and are not specifically limited.

[0039] refer to Figure 4 The shear keys 5 connected to the upper bearing plate 1 can be symmetrically distributed on both sides of the support member 2 along the bridge direction (length direction) of the bridge.

[0040] Furthermore, the side of the shear key 5 facing the support member 2 is set as an inclined surface. The top end of the shear key 5 connected to the upper support plate 1 is connected to the support member 2, and the bottom end of the shear key 5 connected to the lower support plate 4 is connected to the support member 2. That is, the side of the shear key 5 facing the support member 2 is inclined relative to the surface of the support member 2. And the shear key 5 contacts the support member 2 at the periphery of the support member 2, which can more effectively prevent the support member 2 from sliding horizontally.

[0041] Furthermore, the side of the shear key 5 facing the support member 2 may also be a curved surface, such as a convex surface or a concave surface, so as to achieve horizontal positioning of the support member 2 without affecting the swinging movement of the support member 2, and no specific limitation is made.

[0042] On the basis of the above embodiments, further, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the shear key 5 is a columnar structure with a triangular cross section. The cross section of the shear key 5 is triangular; it avoids collision with the support member 2. One of the acute angles supports the end of the support member 2; the arranged shear key 5 fixes the horizontal position of the upper and lower surfaces of the support member 2 to prevent the support member 2 from slipping, and at the same time can ensure that the normal swing of the support member 2 is not restricted. The arranged shear key 5 can also limit the torsion of the support member 2.

[0043] A plurality of shear keys 5 are arranged at the corners or around the lower surface of the support member 2 to ensure that the bottom of the support member 2 is fixed and cannot slip or twist; no shear keys 5 are arranged on the upper surface of the support member 2 on both sides in the transverse direction of the bridge, and a plurality of shear keys 5 are arranged on each side on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the bridge to ensure that the support member 2 can slide freely in one direction and cannot slide in the other direction but can only swing.

[0044] Specifically, the cross-sectional shape of the shear key 5 can be a right triangle, in which one of the right-angled sides is used to connect to the upper support plate 1 or the lower support plate 4, and the hypotenuse faces the support member 2. The cross-sectional shape of the shear key 5 can also be an obtuse triangle or an acute triangle, so that the side facing the support member 2 is an inclined surface, and the angle between the inclined surface and the side of the support member 2 is determined according to the swing angle of the support member 2 required by the design, and is not specifically limited. Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape of the shear key 5 can also be a parallelogram, a trapezoid, or any other shape, so as to achieve the horizontal limit of the support member 2 without affecting the swing movement of the support member 2, and is not specifically limited.

[0045] On the basis of the above embodiment, further, a sliding friction plate 10 is provided between the support member 2 and the upper support plate 1. The sliding friction plate 10 can be fixed on the upper surface of the support member 2; the upper support plate 1 is placed on the sliding friction plate 10, and there is no fixed connection measure between the two; it is used to reduce the friction energy consumed between the support member 2 and the upper support plate 1. The sliding friction plate 10 can also be fixed on the bottom surface of the upper support plate 1, and there is no specific limitation. The sliding friction plate 10 is made of low-friction materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0046] On the basis of the above embodiment, further, a one-way sliding and swinging bearing further includes a plurality of dampers 3 arranged on the periphery of the support member 2. One end of the damper 3 is detachably slidably connected to the upper bearing plate 1 along the length direction of the bridge. The other end of the damper 3 is detachably fixedly connected to the lower bearing plate 4. The damper 3 is used to consume energy. The damper 3 is detachably connected between the upper bearing plate 1 and the lower bearing plate 4, which can facilitate the disassembly and replacement of the damper 3 and improve the recoverability of the bearing.

[0047] The one-way sliding and rocking bearing of this embodiment can slide freely in a single direction. Through the reasonable design of the bearing, the post-earthquake damage of the bearing can be concentrated on the replaceable damper 3, and the damaged damper 3 is easy to replace. The application of this bearing can realize the separation of load-bearing and energy-consuming functions, thereby reducing the damage to the main structure of the bridge and improving the seismic toughness and recoverability of the bridge structure.

[0048] On the basis of the above embodiment, further, a plurality of dampers 3 are symmetrically distributed about the support member 2. Figure 3 , a plurality of dampers 3 may be provided on each side of the support member 2. When the support member 2 sways, the damper 3 sways with the support member 2 to generate bending deformation and dissipate earthquake energy.

[0049] On the basis of the above embodiments, further, referring to Figure 4The bottom surface of the upper bearing plate 1 is connected to a limit block 8 at a position corresponding to the damper 3. The limit block 8 is provided with a groove along the length direction of the bridge, and the top of the damper 3 is inserted into the groove. The length of the groove on the limit block 8 along the length direction of the bridge should be sufficient for the top of the damper 3 to move in the groove along the length direction of the bridge, so as to smoothly realize the sliding between the support member 2 and the upper bearing plate 1 along the bridge direction.

[0050] On the basis of the above embodiment, further, on either side of the support member 2, at least one damper 3 distributed along the same straight line in the length direction of the bridge is inserted into the groove of the same limit block 8.

[0051] Specifically, refer to Figure 4 In this embodiment, a circle of dampers 3 is arranged on the periphery of the support member 2, that is, a row of dampers 3 is arranged on either side of the support member 2. At this time, there is a row of dampers 3 on each side of the support member 2 along the length direction of the bridge; on each side, a long limit block 8-1 can be connected to the upper support plate 1, that is, a longer limit block 8 along the bridge direction, and a longer groove is arranged on the long limit block 8-1, so that a row of dampers 3 are all inserted into the groove on the long limit block 8-1, such as Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown. And on either side of the support member 2 along the length direction of the bridge, the length of the long stopper 8-1 and the groove along the length direction of the bridge is greater than the distance between the dampers 3 at both ends along the length direction of the bridge. So that each damper 3 has a sliding space along the bridge direction. Figure 4 In the embodiment, short limit blocks 8 - 2 are arranged on both sides of the support member 2 along the width direction of the bridge, and each damper 3 is correspondingly provided with a short limit block 8 - 2.

[0052] Further, when multiple rows of dampers 3 are provided on either side of the support member 2 along the length direction of the bridge, multiple stop blocks 8 may be provided accordingly. When multiple rows of dampers 3 are provided on either side of the support member 2 along the width direction of the bridge, one stop block 8 may be provided correspondingly to the dampers 3 located in the same straight line in the length direction of the bridge.

[0053] On the basis of the above embodiments, further, referring to Figure 1, the width of the groove is greater than the width of the top of the damper 3; there is a gap between the top of the damper 3 and the bottom of the groove. The top of the damper 3 is inserted into the groove of the limit block 8, and the setting of the groove should allow a gap between the inserted part of the damper 3 and the groove wall of the groove. There is a gap between the inserted part of the damper 3 and the bottom of the groove, so that when the upper support plate 1 undergoes a certain degree of up and down displacement, the damper 3 is not subjected to tension or pressure; there may also be no gap between the damper 3 and the bottom of the groove, and they are in a contact but stress-free state. At this time, when the upper support plate 1 undergoes a certain degree of up and down displacement, the damper 3 will not be subjected to pressure and tension, and will not undergo tension and compression deformation. A certain distance is left between the top of the damper 3 and the notch of the groove, that is, the top of the damper 3 is inserted into the groove for a certain distance to prevent the top of the damper from detaching from the groove when the swing is too large. This gap can be determined according to the swing amount of the support design.

[0054] On the basis of the above embodiments, further, referring to Figure 5 , an enlarged head 3-1 is provided on the top of the damper 3, and the enlarged head 3-1 is inserted into the groove.

[0055] The limit block 8 is welded to the lower surface of the upper support plate 1; the limit block 8 can be a steel cover with a strip groove inside, the width of the groove is slightly larger than the size of the enlarged head 3-1 of the damper 3, and the length of the groove is larger than the distance between the dampers 3 at both ends of the same side, so as to ensure that the enlarged head 3-1 of the damper 3 is not subjected to the lateral force in the sliding direction when sliding in one direction. The position of the groove of the limit block 8 corresponds to the position of the enlarged head 3-1 of the damper 3.

[0056] The upper end of the damper 3 is a free end, extending into the limit block 8. The width of the strip groove is greater than the diameter of the enlarged head 3-1 of the damper 3, and there is a gap between the enlarged head 3-1 and the bottom of the groove, ensuring that when the support swings in the swing direction, the damper 3 can move freely up and down in the height direction of the damper 3 without being subjected to tension or pressure, but only to the unilateral lateral force generated by the limit block 8 on the enlarged head 3-1 of the damper 3 along the swing direction. The damper 3 bends and deforms to dissipate seismic energy. The length of the strip groove is greater than the farthest distance between the conical dampers 3 at both ends of the same side, ensuring that the damper 3 is not subjected to lateral force in the sliding direction in the sliding direction.

[0057] Furthermore, limiting pieces may be provided at both ends of the groove on each limiting block 8 to prevent the enlarged head 3 - 1 from sliding out.

[0058] On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the bottom of the damper 3 is connected with an anchoring connection plate 3 - 3 , and the anchoring connection plate 3 - 3 is connected to the lower support plate 4 .

[0059] refer to Figure 5Specifically, the damper 3 may be tapered, and the cross-sectional size of the damper 3 gradually increases from top to bottom. The damper is subjected to bending moment, with a larger bending moment at the bottom and a smaller bending moment at the top. Setting the damper energy dissipation section to have a smaller cross-sectional area at the top and a larger cross-sectional area at the bottom is beneficial to the damper stress and saves materials.

[0060] The damper 3 includes an energy dissipation section 3-2, an enlarged head 3-1 connected to the top of the energy dissipation section 3-2, and an anchoring connection plate 3-3 connected to the bottom of the energy dissipation section 3-2. The middle energy dissipation section 3-2 of the damper 3 has a circular cross section, which gradually decreases from bottom to top; there is an enlarged head 3-1 at the top. Figure 6 The damper 3 has an anchoring plate 3-3 at the bottom; the lower surface of the middle energy dissipation section 3-2 of the damper 3 and the anchoring plate 3-3 can be welded as a whole. The anchoring plate 3-3 has a reserved screw hole 11; the damper anchor bolt 7 has an external thread, which matches the reserved screw hole 11 on the anchoring plate 3-3; the lower support plate 4 has a reserved internal thread hole 9 at a position corresponding to the reserved screw hole 11 of the anchoring plate 3-3.

[0061] The damper anchor bolt 7 is screwed into and passed through the reserved screw hole 11, and further screwed into the reserved internal threaded hole 9 of the lower support plate 4 to tighten and anchor. When the damper 3 is damaged after the earthquake, the damper anchor bolt 7 can be unscrewed, and the damaged damper 3 can be removed, and a new damper 3 can be replaced when convenient.

[0062] Furthermore, the damper 3 can be a steel energy absorber; the material of the damper 3 can be steel; meet certain strength requirements and bending capacity. The damper 3 can also be made of other materials, which are not specifically limited. The support member 2 is placed at the center of the lower support plate 4, and it is in hard contact with the lower support plate 4 without any connection measures.

[0063] Further, this embodiment takes a bridge structure as an example to illustrate the application of the one-way sliding and swinging bearing. The bridge includes the one-way sliding and swinging bearing, and also includes an upper beam and a lower beam. The upper bearing plate is connected to the upper beam, and the lower bearing plate is connected to the lower beam. Fig. 9 The one-way sliding swing support 17 in this embodiment is arranged between the upper beam and the lower beam. The upper support plate 1 is connected and fixed to the upper beam; the lower support plate 4 is connected and fixed to the lower cap beam 14 or pier 15. The upper beam can be a prefabricated T beam 12. Figure 1 The upper support plate 1 and the lower support plate 4 are respectively provided with reserved holes 6. The support anchor bolts 16 can pass through the reserved holes 6 to be effectively anchored and connected with the upper beam body and the lower cap beam 14 or the pier column 15.

[0064] Specifically, refer to Fig.10The bearing anchor bolt 16 passes through the upper bearing plate 1 and extends into the embedded threaded tube 13 in the upper prefabricated T-beam 12 to achieve the connection and fixation between the upper bearing plate 1 and the upper beam body. The bearing anchor bolt 16 passes through the embedded threaded tube 13 in the lower bearing plate 4 and the lower cap beam 14 to be anchored. The application diagram of the one-way sliding swing bearing 17 on the bridge is shown in the figure below. Fig. 9 and Fig.10 shown.

[0065] On the basis of the above embodiments, in order to solve the problems of low energy dissipation capacity of existing bridge bearings in earthquakes, easy failure due to excessive shear deformation or large residual displacement, the rapid recovery of engineering structure functions after earthquakes is achieved. This embodiment proposes to dissipate earthquake energy through the damper 3 in the bearing, and convert the shear deformation mode of the existing bearing into a swing energy dissipation mode. The unidirectional swing of the support 2 and the bending of the damper 3 provide the bearing with self-resetting ability and energy dissipation capacity. At the same time, it can slide freely in the other direction. The structure of this embodiment is simple, easy to implement, and can be widely used in bridge engineering.

[0066] The present embodiment provides a one-way sliding and swinging bearing, which mainly includes: an upper bearing plate 1, a rigid support and swinging component, i.e., a support member 2, a damper 3, a lower bearing plate 4, a shear key 5, a damper anchor bolt 7, a grooved limit block 8, and a sliding friction plate 10; a plurality of shear keys 5 are arranged at the corners or around the lower surface of the rigid support and the swinging component to ensure that the bottom of the rigid support and the swinging component is fixed and cannot slip or twist; no shear keys 5 are arranged on the two surfaces perpendicular to the sliding direction of the upper surface of the rigid support and the swinging component, and a plurality of shear keys 5 are arranged on each of the two surfaces parallel to the length direction of the bridge to ensure that the rigid support and the swinging component can slide freely in one direction, cannot slide in the other direction, and can only swing.

[0067] The lower end of the damper 3 is welded to the anchoring connecting plate 3-3 as a whole, and the anchoring connecting plate 3-3 is anchored to the reserved internal threaded hole 9 of the lower support plate 4 by the damper anchor bolt 7. The upper end of the conical damper 3 has an enlarged head 3-1, which extends into a certain distance into the grooved limit block 8 welded to the upper support plate 1. When the support sways in one direction. The enlarged head 3-1 is subjected to the horizontal lateral force in the swing direction of the grooved steel cover, causing the conical damper 3 to bend and deform, dissipating the seismic energy. The enlarged head 3-1 of the conical damper 3 can prevent the grooved limit block 8 from directly touching the energy dissipation section 3-2 of the conical damper 3 when swinging left and right, thereby ensuring that the conical damper 3 can fully play its energy dissipation role. The swinging self-resetting support can reduce the damage of the support by swinging, and concentrate the damage on the conical damper 3. The conical damper 3 can be easily replaced after damage.

[0068] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are: the one-way sliding and rocking bearing can, under the action of an earthquake, cause the bearing to produce rocking deformation rather than shear sliding deformation in one direction through the rocking of the rigid support and the rocking component, thereby effectively avoiding excessive shear sliding and uncontrollable shear failure of traditional rubber bearings; in the other direction, the upper bearing plate 1 can slide freely along the upper surface of the rigid support and the rocking component to meet the free deformation caused by temperature stress, etc.

[0069] The cone damper 3 is anchored on the lower support plate 4 through the anchoring connecting plate 3-3 and the anchor bolt 7 of the damper 3, and the upper end is a free end. When the support sways in one direction, the cone damper 3 is not constrained in the height direction and sliding direction of the damper 3, and is only subjected to the horizontal lateral force in the swaying direction generated by the grooved limit block 8 on the enlarged head 3-1 of the cone damper 3, and the earthquake energy is dissipated through the bending deformation of the cone damper 3. After the earthquake damage, the damaged cone damper 3 can be removed and replaced with a new cone damper 3 conveniently.

[0070] This embodiment breaks through the traditional design concept of bridge bearings, has a flexible design, and a clear force mechanism. In the swing direction, the damage to the bearing is reduced by the swing of the support member, and the damage is concentrated on the damper 3. It can be used after a little repair, which is conducive to ensuring that the traffic lifeline is not interrupted and speeding up the rescue time in the disaster area; at the same time, the bearing can avoid uncontrollable shear deformation and shear damage, and has good energy dissipation capacity and self-reset ability. The damper 3 can be quickly replaced after damage, and has the characteristics of rapid repair. In the sliding direction, the upper bearing plate 1 and the bridge superstructure can slide freely along the sliding direction. It can solve the problems of low energy dissipation capacity, excessive shear deformation and easy failure or large residual displacement of traditional one-way sliding bearings in earthquakes, and realize the rapid recovery of the function of engineering structures after earthquakes. The one-way sliding and swinging bearing with damper 3 is simple in structure and easy to realize. It can be widely used in engineering structures and is worthy of promotion and application in actual engineering.

[0071] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A one-way sliding and swinging bearing, used in a bridge, comprising an upper bearing plate and a lower bearing plate, characterized in that: It also includes a support member, the support member is placed on the lower support plate, the upper support plate is placed on the support member, and a plurality of shear keys are respectively connected to the periphery of the support member on the bottom surface of the upper support plate and the top surface of the lower support plate; The distance between the lower end of the shear key connected to the upper bearing plate and the side wall of the support member is greater than the distance between the upper end and the side wall of the support member, the distance between the upper end of the shear key connected to the lower bearing plate and the side wall of the support member is greater than the distance between the lower end and the side wall of the support member, and the multiple shear keys connected to the upper bearing plate are distributed on opposite sides of the support member along the length direction of the bridge, which can limit the horizontal sliding of the top of the support member in the transverse direction of the bridge, and horizontal sliding can occur between the top of the support member and the upper bearing plate in the direction of the bridge, thereby providing a swinging bearing that can swing and deform the bearing in the transverse direction of the bridge under the action of an earthquake, dissipate seismic energy, and at the same time ensure that the bearing can slide unidirectionally in the direction of the bridge; It also includes a plurality of dampers arranged on the periphery of the support member, one end of the damper is detachably slidably connected to the upper support plate along the length direction of the bridge, and the other end of the damper is detachably fixedly connected to the lower support plate; The bottom surface of the upper support plate is connected to a limit block at a position corresponding to the damper, the limit block is provided with a groove along the length direction of the bridge, and the top of the damper is inserted into the groove; An enlarged head is provided on the top of the damper, and the enlarged head is inserted into the groove; The damper comprises an energy-absorbing section, an enlarged head connected to the top of the energy-absorbing section, and an anchoring connection plate connected to the bottom of the energy-absorbing section. The cross section of the energy-absorbing section is circular, and the cross section gradually decreases from bottom to top. The damper has an enlarged head at the top, and the anchoring connection plate is provided at the bottom of the damper. The lower surface of the energy-absorbing section and the anchoring connection plate are welded as a whole. A sliding friction plate is provided between the support member and the upper support plate.

2. The one-way sliding and swinging support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side surface of the shear key facing the support member is set as an inclined surface; the top end of the shear key connected to the upper support plate is connected to the support member, and the bottom end of the shear key connected to the lower support plate is connected to the support member.

3. The one-way sliding and swinging support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of dampers are symmetrically distributed about the support member.

4. The one-way sliding and swinging support according to claim 1, characterized in that: On either side of the support, at least one damper distributed along the same straight line in the length direction of the bridge is inserted into the groove of the same limit block.

5. The one-way sliding and swinging support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the groove is greater than the top width of the damper, and there is a gap between the top of the damper and the bottom of the groove.

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