A garbage disposal and generator set coupling power generation system

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy utilization, and discloses a waste treatment and generator set coupling power generation system, including: a waste treatment system, the waste treatment system includes a connected waste incinerator and a dust collector; a thermal power generation system, the thermal power generation system includes a boiler, a first air preheater and a first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger is placed in the turning chamber of the boiler and is connected to the waste incinerator, the first air preheater is connected to the first heat exchanger, the dust collector is connected to the boiler, the flue gas after dust removal by the dust collector enters the boiler for combustion, the air enters the first heat exchanger through the first air preheater, and enters the waste incinerator after being heated by the heat generated by the combustion in the boiler. Compared with conventional waste incineration power plants, the waste treatment and generator set coupling power generation system of the present invention can directly absorb the heat generated by the decomposition of waste by the boiler system, and after the boiler treats the waste incineration flue gas at high temperature, the waste gas such as dioxins in the waste combustion flue gas can meet the pollutant emission standards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy utilization, and in particular to a garbage disposal and generator set coupling power generation system. Background Art

[0002] At present, the main waste treatment technologies include incineration, landfill and biological treatment, among which waste incineration is recognized as one of the important methods for waste resource treatment. Conventional waste incineration technology systems are complex, with high investment costs, high operating costs, and low energy utilization efficiency. At the same time, there are certain requirements for the calorific value of the waste. The waste needs to be sorted, fermented and stored for a certain period of time before it can be used for incineration. In the process of waste incineration, waste incineration plants need to separately configure complex flue gas purification systems for pollutants such as dioxins, chlorides, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. The flue gas purification system has large investment, high energy consumption, and low purification efficiency, which has an adverse impact on the economic operation of waste incineration power plants.

[0003] In addition, at present, traditional thermal power generating units rely only on non-renewable energy to generate electricity, which has high generation costs and huge consumption of non-renewable energy. However, the traditional power generation system is relatively mature and complete, equipped with a series of equipment such as boilers and flue gas treatment devices. Therefore, how to integrate the existing thermal power generating units with the waste treatment system to achieve the effective utilization of energy in the waste treatment system and the effective treatment of waste gas and waste is one of the issues that need to be solved at present. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a garbage disposal and generator set coupled power generation system, which can ensure "efficient and clean" garbage disposal and at the same time be coupled with a thermal power generator set system, thereby reducing the investment in the garbage disposal system, improving the energy utilization rate of garbage, reducing the emission of garbage disposal pollutants, and enhancing the survivability of traditional thermal power generator sets, thereby bringing significant economic benefits.

[0005] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A waste treatment and generator set coupling power generation system, characterized in that it includes: a waste treatment system, the waste treatment system includes a connected waste incinerator and a dust collector; a thermal power generation system, the thermal power generation system includes a boiler, a first air preheater and a first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger is placed in the turning chamber of the boiler and is connected to the waste incinerator, the first air preheater is provided with a first channel, the first channel of the first air preheater has two ends connected to the outside and the first heat exchanger respectively, the dust collector is connected to the boiler, the flue gas after dust removal by the dust collector enters the boiler for combustion, the air enters the first heat exchanger through the first air preheater, and after being heated by the heat generated by the combustion in the boiler, enters the waste incinerator.

[0007] Preferably, the boiler also includes a heating surface in the furnace, and a second heat exchanger is connected between the waste incinerator and the dust collector, the second heat exchanger is connected to the heating surface in the furnace, and the second heat exchanger and the heating surface in the furnace are also respectively connected to water supply pipes, and the water in the water supply pipes respectively enters the second heat exchanger and part of the heating surface in the furnace, and then mixes and becomes superheated steam after being further heated by the remaining heating surface in the furnace.

[0008] Preferably, a second air preheater is connected between the waste incinerator and the dust collector, and the second air preheater is connected to the first channel inlet of the first air preheater. The air entering the second air preheater exchanges heat with the flue gas of the waste incinerator, and the air after heat exchange flows into the first channel inlet of the first air preheater.

[0009] Preferably, the dust collector is also connected to an activated carbon injection device, and the activated carbon injection device is used to inject activated carbon into the dust collector to adsorb heavy metals in the flue gas in the dust collector.

[0010] Preferably, the dust collector is also connected to a fly ash processing device, and the fly ash processing device is used to process the fly ash in the dust collector and the activated carbon adsorbed with heavy metals.

[0011] Preferably, the boiler is also connected to a denitration system.

[0012] Preferably, the garbage disposal and generator set coupled power generation system also includes a flue gas treatment system, which includes a dust removal system, an induced draft fan, a desulfurization system, and a chimney connected in sequence, and the dust removal system is connected to the denitrification system.

[0013] Preferably, the first air preheater is provided with a second channel capable of heat exchange with the first channel, and both ends of the second channel are respectively connected to the denitrification system and the dust removal system.

[0014] Preferably, the first channel of the first air preheater is connected to a first fan, and the second air preheater is connected to a second fan.

[0015] Preferably, the waste incinerator is also connected to a slag removal system, and the slag removal system is used to discharge the residues formed after pyrolysis, gasification and incineration in the waste incinerator.

[0016] Preferably, the waste incinerator is also connected to a waste hopper, and the waste hopper is provided with a garbage truck for use with it.

[0017] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0018] 1. The waste incinerator is connected through the first heat exchanger. The air enters the first heat exchanger through the first air preheater and then flows into the waste incinerator for combustion. The high-temperature hot air entering the waste incinerator is conducive to efficient waste treatment. The thermal ignition reduction rate of the treated residue is lower, and the waste treatment effect is better.

[0019] 2. The energy utilization efficiency after garbage incineration is high. Compared with conventional garbage incineration power plants, the heat generated by garbage decomposition is directly absorbed by the boiler system, and its circulation efficiency is much higher than that of conventional garbage incineration power plants. In addition, the amount of garbage pollutants emitted is small, which is more environmentally friendly and can reach the pollutant emission level of power station boilers, which is much lower than that of conventional garbage incineration power plants. After the garbage incineration flue gas is treated at high temperature by the boiler, dioxins and other pollutants in the garbage combustion flue gas will be completely destroyed, and the pollutant emission concentration will be lower.

[0020] 3. The coupling of the garbage disposal system and the thermal power generation system does not require the reconstruction of the steam turbine generator set, power supply and distribution system and part of the flue gas purification system, which greatly reduces the system investment cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a garbage disposal and generator set coupling power generation system provided by the present invention.

[0022] In the figure:

[0023] 1. Garbage truck; 2. Garbage hopper; 3. Garbage incinerator; 4. Second heat exchanger; 5. Second fan; 6. Second air preheater; 7. Activated carbon injection device; 8. Dust collector; 9. Fly ash treatment device; 10. Boiler; 11. First heat exchanger; 12. Heating surface in furnace; 13. Denitrification system; 14. First air preheater; 15. First fan; 16. Dust removal system; 17. Draft fan; 18. Desulfurization system; 19. Chimney; 20. Water supply pipe; 21. Slag removal system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only parts related to the present invention, rather than all structures, are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0025] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0026] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0027] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and other directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish in the description and have no special meaning.

[0028] The present invention provides a waste treatment and generator set coupling power generation system, including a waste treatment system and a thermal power generation system, wherein the waste treatment system includes a waste incinerator 3 and a dust collector 8, and the waste incinerator 3 and the dust collector 8 are connected; the thermal power generation system includes a boiler 10, a first air preheater 14 and a first heat exchanger 11, the first heat exchanger 11 is arranged in the turning chamber of the boiler 10 and is connected to the waste incinerator 3, the first air preheater 14 is provided with a first channel, and the first two ends of the first channel of the first air preheater 14 are respectively connected to the outside and the first heat exchanger 11, the dust collector 8 is connected to the boiler 10, and the waste is incinerated. After the incineration of the furnace 3, flue gas is generated, and the flue gas flows into the dust collector 8 and is dusted by the dust collector 8. The flue gas after dust removal by the dust collector 8 enters the boiler 10 to participate in the combustion. The flue gas generated by the combustion in the boiler 10 enters the first air preheater 14, and heat is exchanged with the air in the first channel entering the first air preheater 14 to achieve heating of the air. After the air is heated by the first air preheater 14, it enters the first heat exchanger 11. The heat in the boiler 10 is heat-exchanged to the air through the first heat exchanger 11. The air heat-exchanged by the first heat exchanger 11 enters the garbage incinerator 3 as combustion-supporting air to participate in the combustion of garbage in the garbage incinerator 3. Further, the boiler 10 can be, but not limited to, a coal-fired boiler or a gas-fired boiler. Further, the garbage incinerator 3 can be, but not limited to, a grate incinerator or a rotary kiln incinerator. Further, the dust collector 8 can be, but not limited to, a bag filter.

[0029] In this embodiment, the garbage incinerator 3 is also connected to a slag removal system 21. After the garbage is pyrolyzed, gasified and burned in the garbage incinerator 3, it becomes residue and enters the slag removal system 21 for discharge. Furthermore, the garbage incinerator 3 is connected to a garbage hopper 2. The garbage hopper 2 is provided with a garbage truck 1 for use. After the garbage is transported to the power plant by the garbage truck 1, it enters the garbage hopper 2 for storage, and then enters the garbage incinerator 3 through the garbage hopper 2 to burn and release heat and generate high-temperature flue gas.

[0030] Optionally, a second heat exchanger 4 is connected between the waste incinerator 3 and the dust collector 8, the boiler 10 includes a heating surface 12 in the furnace, the second heat exchanger 4 is connected to the heating surface 12 in the furnace, and the second heat exchanger 4 and the heating surface 12 in the furnace are also respectively connected to a water supply pipe 20, a part of the water in the water supply pipe 20 enters the second heat exchanger 4 and is heated by heat exchange with the flue gas after combustion in the waste incinerator 3, and another part of the water enters part of the heating surface 12 in the furnace to be heated, and then the water entering the second heat exchanger 4 and the water entering part of the heating surface 12 in the furnace are mixed, and after being further heated by the remaining heating surface 12 in the furnace, it becomes superheated steam for expansion power generation. Further, the water in the water supply pipe 20 can be taken from condensed water after expansion power generation, or from tap water.

[0031] Optionally, a second air preheater 6 is further connected between the waste incinerator 3 and the dust collector 8, and the second air preheater 6 is connected to the first channel inlet of the first air preheater 14, and the air entering the second air preheater 6 exchanges heat with the flue gas of the waste incinerator 3, and the air after heat exchange in the second air preheater 6 flows into the first channel inlet of the first air preheater 14 and mixes with the air in the first channel inlet of the first air preheater 14, thereby increasing the air temperature entering the first air preheater 14, thereby reducing the low-temperature corrosion of the first air preheater 14. Further, the first channel of the first air preheater 14 is connected to a first fan 15, and the second air preheater 6 is connected to a second fan 5, wherein the first fan 15 can be a primary fan or a secondary fan, preferably a primary fan.

[0032] Optionally, the dust collector 8 is connected to an activated carbon injection device 7, which is used to inject activated carbon into the dust collector 8 to adsorb heavy metals in the flue gas in the dust collector 8, thereby preventing the heavy metals in the flue gas from entering the boiler 10 and causing fly ash pollution in the boiler 10. Furthermore, the dust collector 8 is also connected to a fly ash treatment device 9, which can treat the fly ash in the flue gas and the activated carbon that adsorbs heavy metals, thereby treating the fly ash and converting hazardous waste fly ash into ordinary solid waste.

[0033] Optionally, the boiler 10 is also connected to a denitration system 13, which is used to remove nitrogen oxides from the combustion flue gas. Furthermore, the waste disposal and generator set coupled power generation system also includes a flue gas treatment system, which includes a dust removal system 16, an induced draft fan 17, a desulfurization system 18 and a chimney 19. The dust removal system 16 is connected to the denitration system 13, wherein the dust removal system 16, the induced draft fan 17, the desulfurization system 18 and the chimney 19 are connected in series, thereby achieving the removal of dust and sulfur oxides from the combustion flue gas. Furthermore, the first air preheater 14 is provided with a second channel that can exchange heat with the first channel, and the two ends of the second channel are respectively connected to the denitration system 13 and the dust removal system 16. The combustion flue gas of the boiler 10 flows into the second channel through the denitration system 13, and the flue gas flowing through the second channel exchanges heat with the air in the first channel, and then flows into the dust removal system 16.

[0034] The specific working process of the present invention is as follows:

[0035] After being transported to the power plant by the garbage truck 1, the garbage enters the garbage hopper 2 for storage, and then enters the garbage incinerator 3 through the garbage hopper 2 to be burned to release heat and generate high-temperature flue gas. The residue generated by the incineration of garbage in the garbage incinerator 3 is discharged by the slag removal system 21. Under the action of the second heat exchanger 4, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas gradually decreases, and then enters the second air preheater 6. After the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is lowered again after heat exchange with the air, it enters the dust collector 8; under the action of the dust collector 8, the fly ash in the flue gas is captured. In order to prevent heavy metals in the flue gas from entering the boiler 10 and causing fly ash pollution of the boiler 10, the activated carbon injection device 7 absorbs heavy metals in the flue gas by adding activated carbon to the flue gas; the fly ash captured by the dust collector 8 and the activated carbon adsorbed with heavy metals enter the fly ash treatment device 9 together to realize the treatment of fly ash and convert hazardous waste fly ash into ordinary solid waste; the flue gas after dust removal is transported to the boiler In the furnace 10, part of the water in the water supply pipe 20 enters the second heat exchanger 4 to exchange heat with the flue gas after combustion in the waste incinerator 3, and the other part of the water enters part of the heating surface 12 in the furnace to be heated, and then the water entering the second heat exchanger 4 is mixed with the water entering part of the heating surface 12 in the furnace to be heated, and after being further heated by the remaining heating surface 12 in the furnace, it becomes superheated steam for expansion and power generation. Under the high temperature of the furnace of the boiler 10, pollutants such as dioxins in the flue gas of waste incineration are completely decomposed and converted into carbon dioxide, water and other substances, thereby completely removing dioxins; then the flue gas absorbs heat through the heating surface 12 in the furnace arranged in the boiler 10 and enters the denitrification system 13 to remove nitrogen oxides, and then the flue gas enters the dust removal system 16 in turn to remove dust, enters the desulfurization system 18 to remove sulfur oxides, and is finally discharged through the chimney 19.

[0036] During the combustion of the flue gas from the garbage incineration in the boiler 10, the air enters the first channel of the first air preheater 14 through the first fan 15, is heated in the first air preheater 14, and is transported to the first heat exchanger 11 arranged in the turning chamber of the boiler 10, is heated by the first heat exchanger 11, and is then transported to the garbage incinerator 3 as combustion-supporting air to participate in the combustion of the garbage in the garbage incinerator 3. The second air preheater 6 heats the air and transports it to the first channel inlet of the first air preheater 14 to mix with the air in the first channel inlet of the first air preheater 14, thereby increasing the air temperature entering the first air preheater 14 and reducing the low-temperature corrosion of the first air preheater 14.

[0037] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A garbage disposal and generator set coupled power generation system, characterized in that: include: A garbage disposal system, the garbage disposal system comprising a garbage incinerator (3) and a dust collector (8) which are connected to each other; A thermal power generation system, the thermal power generation system comprising a boiler (10), a first air preheater (14) and a first heat exchanger (11), the first heat exchanger (11) being disposed in a turning chamber of the boiler (10) and being connected to the waste incinerator (3), the first air preheater (14) being provided with a first channel, the first channel of the first air preheater (14) being connected to the outside and the first heat exchanger (11) at both ends, the dust collector (8) being connected to the boiler (10), the flue gas after dust removal by the dust collector (8) entering the boiler (10) for combustion, the air entering the first heat exchanger (11) through the first air preheater (14), and being heated by the heat generated by combustion in the boiler (10) before entering the waste incinerator (3); The boiler (10) further comprises a furnace heating surface (12); a second heat exchanger (4) is connected between the waste incinerator (3) and the dust collector (8); the second heat exchanger (4) is connected to the furnace heating surface (12); the second heat exchanger (4) and the furnace heating surface (12) are respectively connected to a water supply pipe (20); water in the water supply pipe (20) enters the second heat exchanger (4) and part of the furnace heating surface (12) respectively, is heated, and then mixed, and is further heated by the remaining furnace heating surface (12) to become superheated steam; A second air preheater (6) is also connected between the waste incinerator (3) and the dust collector (8), and the second air preheater (6) is connected to the first channel inlet of the first air preheater (14). The air entering the second air preheater (6) exchanges heat with the flue gas of the waste incinerator (3), and the air after the heat exchange flows into the first channel inlet of the first air preheater (14).

2. The garbage disposal and generator set coupled power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust collector (8) is also connected to an activated carbon injection device (7), and the activated carbon injection device (7) is used to inject activated carbon into the dust collector (8) to adsorb heavy metals in the flue gas in the dust collector (8).

3. The garbage disposal and generator set coupled power generation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dust collector (8) is also connected to a fly ash processing device (9), and the fly ash processing device (9) is used to process the fly ash and activated carbon adsorbed with heavy metals in the dust collector (8).

4. The garbage disposal and generator set coupled power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The boiler (10) is also connected to a denitration system (13).

5. The garbage disposal and generator set coupled power generation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a flue gas treatment system, the flue gas treatment system including a dust removal system (16), an induced draft fan (17), a desulfurization system (18), and a chimney (19) which are connected in sequence, and the dust removal system (16) is connected to the denitrification system (13).

6. The garbage disposal and generator set coupled power generation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first air preheater (14) is provided with a second channel capable of heat exchange with the first channel, and two ends of the second channel are respectively connected to the denitration system (13) and the dust removal system (16).

7. The garbage disposal and generator set coupled power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first channel of the first air preheater (14) is connected to a first fan (15), and the second air preheater (6) is connected to a second fan (5).

8. The garbage disposal and generator set coupled power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The waste incinerator (3) is also connected to a slag removal system (21), and the slag removal system (21) is used to discharge residues formed after pyrolysis, gasification and incineration in the waste incinerator (3).

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