Integral prefabricated balcony, connection node and manufacturing method suitable for assembled buildings

Abstract

The present invention discloses an integral prefabricated balcony, connection node and manufacturing method suitable for prefabricated buildings, belonging to the field of prefabricated buildings. The present invention proposes two integral prefabricated balcony modules, which can match the conventional prefabricated building structure system. The floor drain, waterproof, fireproof, water and electricity, interior decoration, etc. can be prefabricated in the factory. The site only needs to hoist the whole body, connect the steel structure, connect the building surface transition and install the railing. Since the whole balcony module can be processed and assembled in the factory except for the connection position with the frame column, on the one hand, the quality and precision of the whole balcony are guaranteed; on the other hand, it can also reduce the on-site construction and improve the construction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of prefabricated buildings, and in particular relates to an integral prefabricated balcony, a connection node and a manufacturing method suitable for prefabricated buildings. Background Art

[0002] The traditional steel structure balcony adopts the construction sequence of on-site installation of steel beams - laying of floor decking or laying of floor reinforcement with formwork - embedded railing embedded parts - embedded pipelines and casing - cast-in-place concrete - building surface layer and installation of railings. All the above steps are completed on-site.

[0003] Although the installation of steel beams is relatively easy, the overall construction of the balcony does not reflect the industry development direction of industrialization and assembly.

[0004] In addition, many forms of prefabricated balconies have also appeared in the prior art. For example, a prefabricated steel-concrete prefabricated balcony is disclosed in the utility model patent with application number CN201621369038.7, which includes a prefabricated balcony ring beam, a prefabricated balcony slab, railing embedded parts, reserved holes and prefabricated concrete, wherein the sides of the prefabricated balcony slab angle steel frame are respectively fixedly connected to the transverse ring beam angle steel frame and the longitudinal ring beam angle steel frame, the prefabricated balcony slab steel mesh is included in the upper and lower surfaces of the plane of the prefabricated balcony slab angle steel frame to form a prefabricated balcony slab frame, and the end of the longitudinal ring beam away from the transverse ring beam is fixed to the main structure composite beam by high-strength bolts. Similarly, the utility model patent with application number CN201821906097.2 discloses a prefabricated balcony of an assembled building, wherein at least one side of the bottom plate of the prefabricated balcony is a rough surface of the prefabricated balcony, and the rough surface of the prefabricated balcony is provided with a balcony bottom plate reserved for extending plate reinforcement connected to the main structure, and at least one side of the fence of the prefabricated balcony is provided with a balcony fence reserved for extending beam reinforcement connected to the main structure, and the end of the fence of the prefabricated balcony is also provided with a balcony fence shear groove connected to the main structure, and the top of the fence of the prefabricated balcony is also provided with a balcony railing embedded part. After the prefabricated balcony is hoisted into place, the steel bars are tied, the extending steel bars of the prefabricated balcony are connected to the floor steel bars, and finally the concrete is poured.

[0005] However, the above-mentioned prefabricated balconies still have the defect of requiring more construction processes such as on-site pouring, and they cannot meet the requirements of prefabricated buildings for construction efficiency. At the same time, the overall weight of these prefabricated balconies is relatively large, and the requirements for the structural force system are relatively high. Therefore, it is necessary to design a prefabricated balcony with a high degree of prefabrication, high installation efficiency and light weight. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and provide an integral prefabricated balcony, connection node and manufacturing method suitable for prefabricated buildings to meet the requirements of installation efficiency and overall weight in prefabricated buildings.

[0007] The specific technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0008] In the first aspect, the present invention provides an integral prefabricated balcony suitable for prefabricated buildings, which includes a prefabricated balcony slab and two cantilevered steel beams, the two cantilevered steel beams are arranged in parallel on both sides of the prefabricated balcony slab and are connected to the prefabricated balcony slab as a whole, and the prefabricated balcony slab is supported by the cantilevered steel beams on both sides; the fixed ends of the two cantilevered steel beams both extend out of the fixed side of the prefabricated balcony slab, and the fixed ends are provided with connecting members for connecting and fixing with an external bearing structure; an edge banding beam is provided on the cantilevered side of the prefabricated balcony slab away from the fixed side, and the two ends of the edge banding beam are mounted on the cantilevered ends of the cantilevered steel beams on both sides; the two cantilevered steel beams and the edge banding beams are continuously spliced ​​to form a railing fixing portion surrounding the three cantilevered sides of the prefabricated balcony slab, and a plurality of fixing members for connecting and fixing the balcony railings are pre-embedded along the top surface of the railing fixing portion.

[0009] Preferably, the cantilever steel beam is an I-beam.

[0010] Preferably, the edge beam is an I-beam or an upwardly turned convex edge cast integrally with the prefabricated balcony slab.

[0011] Preferably, the prefabricated balcony slab is a concrete slab with built-in structural reinforcement, and the structural reinforcement in the slab is overlapped and fixed with the cantilevered steel beams on both sides to bear the vertical load. For ease of description, this solution is recorded as the first solution.

[0012] Preferably, the prefabricated balcony slab is a composite slab composed of ALC strips and reinforced concrete; the fixed side of the prefabricated balcony slab is provided with a transverse steel member with both ends mounted on two cantilevered steel beams; in the composite slab, a number of ALC strips are arranged in parallel and at intervals on the plane of the prefabricated balcony slab, the direction of each ALC strip is parallel to the cantilevered steel beam, and its two ends are overlapped and fixed on the edge beam and the transverse steel member respectively; the space between adjacent ALC strips is filled with reinforced concrete strips, and the two ends of the structural reinforcement in the reinforced concrete strips are overlapped and fixed on the edge beam and the transverse steel member respectively to bear the vertical load; the connecting surfaces of the reinforced concrete strips and the ALC strips are both inclined surfaces, and the ALC strips are supported upward by the two inclined surfaces of the adjacent reinforced concrete strips. For the convenience of description, this scheme is recorded as the second scheme.

[0013] Preferably, the bottom elevation of the prefabricated balcony slab is lower than the bottom elevation of the cantilevered steel beams on both sides.

[0014] Preferably, the top surface elevations of the two cantilever steel beams and the edge beam are higher than the prefabricated balcony slab.

[0015] Preferably, the connecting member is a bolt hole opened on the web of the fixed end of the cantilever steel beam.

[0016] Preferably, a hanging connector is provided on the top of the cantilever steel beam.

[0017] Preferably, the fixed side of the prefabricated balcony slab is provided with installation avoidance grooves near the cantilevered steel beams on both sides.

[0018] Preferably, a riser opening is reserved at a corner of the prefabricated balcony slab close to the fixed side.

[0019] Preferably, a ground hole opening is reserved on the prefabricated balcony slab.

[0020] Preferably, pre-buried wire boxes and wire tubes are reserved on the prefabricated balcony slabs.

[0021] Preferably, the functional layer and decorative layer of the finished balcony are prefabricated on the integral prefabricated balcony; further preferably, the outer side and bottom surfaces of the integral prefabricated balcony are covered with external protective aluminum plates, and the prefabricated balcony plates are provided with a slope leveling layer, a waterproof layer, a fireproof layer, an overhead layer and an inner decorative layer from bottom to top; further, a drip line is provided on the external protective aluminum plate on the bottom surface of the balcony.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a connection node of an integral prefabricated balcony as described in any scheme of the first aspect, wherein the integral prefabricated balcony is cantilevered and installed on two structural columns of the floor where it is located, and the fixed end of each cantilevered steel beam is connected and fixed to the structural column on the same side through the connecting piece; a thermal break structural joint is left between the side of the integral prefabricated balcony facing the floor and the building facade.

[0023] Preferably, a connecting plate is welded and fixed to the structural column, and the connecting piece at the fixed end of each cantilever steel beam is fixed to the connecting plate on the structural column on the same side by bolting, bolt welding or full welding.

[0024] Further preferably, reinforcing ribs are provided between the transverse steel member and the external bearing structure.

[0025] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an integral prefabricated balcony as described in the first embodiment, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1: cantilevered steel beams on both sides of the prefabricated balcony and fixings for connecting and fixing balcony railings;

[0027] S2: placing two prefabricated cantilever steel beams and the fixings in parallel into the mold platform according to the designed spacing, and setting a template at the same side ends of the two cantilever steel beams for casting the upturned convex edge as the edge beam;

[0028] S3: Structural reinforcement is arranged for the prefabricated balcony slab and the upturned flange between the two cantilever steel beams, and the ends of the steel bars overlapped on the two cantilever steel beams are welded and fixed to the webs of the cantilever steel beams;

[0029] S4: Adjust the gap between each component in the mold and the template to the designed value, and pour the mixed concrete into the mold to form a prefabricated structure with a prefabricated balcony slab, an upward flange and two cantilevered steel beams;

[0030] S5: After the concrete is initially set, the mold is removed and the internal prefabricated components are cured to obtain rough parts;

[0031] S6: Lay the functional layer and the decorative layer on the rough parts, and reserve the installation position of the guardrail at the three cantilevered sides of the prefabricated balcony slab to complete the manufacture of the overall prefabricated balcony.

[0032] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an integral prefabricated balcony as described in the second solution, comprising the following steps:

[0033] S1: cantilevered steel beams on both sides of the prefabricated balcony, transverse steel members and fixings for connecting and fixing balcony railings;

[0034] S2: Place two prefabricated cantilever steel beams, transverse steel members and the fixing parts into the mold platform according to the designed positions, connect and fix the transverse steel members to the two cantilever steel beams; set a template for casting the upper flange or place an I-beam connected and fixed to the two cantilever steel beams at the same side ends of the two cantilever steel beams to form an edge beam; place the ALC strips pre-cut into a trapezoidal cross-section into the mold according to the designed spacing, so that the two ends are erected between the edge beams and the transverse steel members, and the shorter bottom edge of the ALC strips faces downward and the longer bottom edge faces upward;

[0035] S3: Structural reinforcement is arranged for the reinforced concrete components in the prefabricated balcony, wherein steel bars are arranged in the strip space between two adjacent ALC strips along the direction parallel to the ALC strips, and the two ends of the steel bars are welded and fixed to the transverse steel members and the steel structure in the edge beam respectively;

[0036] S4: Adjust the gap between each component in the mold and the template to the designed value, and pour the mixed concrete into the mold to form a prefabricated structure integrating prefabricated balcony slabs, edge beams, transverse steel components and two cantilever steel beams;

[0037] S5: After the concrete has initially set, the mold is removed and the internal prefabricated components are cured;

[0038] S6: Lay the functional layer and the decorative layer on the rough parts of the prefabricated balcony slab, and reserve the installation position of the guardrail at the three cantilevered sides of the prefabricated balcony slab to complete the manufacture of the overall prefabricated balcony.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] The present invention proposes two integral prefabricated balcony modules that can match conventional prefabricated building structure systems. The floor drains, waterproofing, fire protection, water and electricity, interior decoration, etc. can all be prefabricated in the factory. The site only needs to hoist the whole - connect the steel structure - connect the building surface transition and install the railings. Since the entire balcony module can be processed and assembled in the factory except for the connection position with the frame column, on the one hand, the quality and precision of the balcony as a whole are guaranteed; on the other hand, it can also reduce on-site construction and improve construction efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the connection nodes of the first type of integral prefabricated balcony;

[0042] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the AA section;

[0043] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the middle BB section;

[0044] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the middle CC section;

[0045] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the connecting splint structure fixed on the vertical structural column;

[0046] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first fixing member;

[0047] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a second fixing member;

[0048] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the prefabricated functional layer and decorative layer on the first type of integral prefabricated balcony;

[0049] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connection nodes of the second type of integral prefabricated balcony;

[0050] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the middle DD section;

[0051] Fig.11 for Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the EE section;

[0052] Fig.12 for Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the FF cross section;

[0053] Fig.13 It is the structural schematic diagram of ALC strip board;

[0054] Fig.14It is a structural diagram of the reinforcing rib;

[0055] Fig.15 This is a schematic diagram of the prefabricated functional layer and decorative layer on the second type of integral prefabricated balcony;

[0056] The reference numerals in the figure are: prefabricated balcony slab 1, cantilever steel beam 2, edge beam 3, first fixing part 4, second fixing part 5, avoidance groove 6, vertical pipe opening 7, ground hole opening 8, wire box and wire pipe 9, structural column 10, connecting splint 11, broken bridge structure joint 12, frame beam 13, reinforcing rib 14, transverse steel member 15. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The present invention is further described and illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The technical features of each embodiment of the present invention can be combined accordingly without conflicting with each other.

[0058] In order to make the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features in each embodiment of the present invention can be combined accordingly without conflicting with each other.

[0059] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0060] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that when an element is considered to be "connected" or "fixed to" another element, it may be directly connected or fixed to another element, or indirectly connected or fixed to another element, that is, there may be an intermediate element. On the contrary, when an element is said to be "directly" connected or fixed to another element, it indicates that there is no intermediate element.

[0061] The integral prefabricated balcony suitable for prefabricated buildings provided in the present invention has a basic structure including a prefabricated balcony slab and two cantilevered steel beams. The two cantilevered steel beams are arranged in parallel on both sides of the prefabricated balcony slab and connected to the prefabricated balcony slab as a whole. The prefabricated balcony slab is supported by the cantilevered steel beams on both sides. The fixed ends of the two cantilevered steel beams extend out of the fixed side of the prefabricated balcony slab, and the fixed ends are provided with connectors for connecting and fixing with the external bearing structure. The external bearing structure is preferably arranged on the structural column. An edge beam is provided on the cantilevered side away from the fixed side of the prefabricated balcony slab, and the two ends of the edge beam are mounted on the cantilevered ends of the cantilevered steel beams on both sides. The two cantilevered steel beams and the edge beam are continuously spliced ​​to form a railing fixing portion surrounding the three cantilevered sides of the prefabricated balcony slab. A number of fixings for connecting and fixing the balcony railings are pre-buried along the top surface of the railing fixing portion. It should be noted that the edge beam in the present invention can be an I-beam or a concrete beam that can be cast integrally with the prefabricated balcony slab. For example, the upturned convex edge cast integrally with the prefabricated balcony slab can also be regarded as a form of edge beam.

[0062] The prefabricated balcony slab in the integral prefabricated balcony can have two different forms, the first form is cast-in-place reinforced concrete, and the second form is a composite form of ALC strips and reinforced concrete. The following describes these two forms of integral prefabricated balconies.

[0063] In one embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 1 to Figure 4 As shown, a connection node form of the above-mentioned first form of an integral prefabricated balcony suitable for prefabricated buildings on the building structure is shown. The basic components of the integral prefabricated balcony include a prefabricated balcony slab 1 and two cantilevered steel beams 2. For each cantilevered steel beam 2, it has two ends, one end is used to connect and fix with the external bearing structure, for the convenience of description, it is called the fixed end in the present invention, and the other end is called the cantilevered end. Similarly, for the prefabricated balcony slab 1, one side is close to the floor after installation, and the other three sides are suspended, so the present invention calls the side close to the floor a fixed side, and the side opposite to the fixed side a cantilevered side.

[0064] The cantilever steel beam 2 in this embodiment adopts I-beam, and of course, other steel components that meet the requirements can also be used instead in other embodiments. The two cantilever steel beams 2 are arranged in parallel on both sides of the prefabricated balcony slab 1, and the steel structure inside the prefabricated balcony slab 1 is connected to the two cantilever steel beams 2 as a whole, and then the prefabricated balcony slab 1 itself and the upper load are distributed to the two cantilever steel beams 2, so that the prefabricated balcony slab 1 as a whole is cantilevered by the cantilever steel beams 2 on both sides. The prefabricated balcony slab 1 in this embodiment is a concrete slab with built-in structural reinforcement, and the structural reinforcement in the slab needs to be welded and fixed to the cantilever steel beams 2 on both sides before pouring concrete to form a force system that bears the vertical load. The specific structural reinforcement parameters can be determined according to the structural calculation analysis to meet the relevant specifications.

[0065] In order to facilitate the installation of the prefabricated balcony, the fixed ends of the two cantilever steel beams 2 are extended out of the fixed side of the prefabricated balcony slab 1, and the fixed ends are provided with connectors for connecting and fixing with the external bearing structure. The form of the connector here can be adjusted according to different connection methods. In this embodiment, the connector is a bolt hole opened on the web of the end of the I-beam, and the number of bolt holes can be adjusted according to the number of high-strength bolts required for stable connection.

[0066] The fixed ends of the two cantilever steel beams 2 can be fixed to the external bearing structure through the above-mentioned connecting pieces. Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, two vertical structural columns 10 of the floor are used as the external bearing structure, so in order to cooperate with the connecting piece, the two vertical structural columns 10 can be fixed Figure 5 The connecting splint 11 shown is made of steel plate, and bolt holes corresponding to the connecting pieces are provided on the plate surface. Two connecting splints 11 can be welded and fixed on a vertical structural column 10, and the spacing between them is equivalent to the thickness of the web of the I-beam, so the web of the end of the I-beam as a connecting piece can be inserted between the two connecting splints 11, and when the bolt holes are aligned, high-strength bolts can be inserted and tightened. The high-strength bolts can be further welded and reinforced with the connecting splint 11 and the I-beam. The upper and lower flanges of the end of the I-beam can also be welded and reinforced with the side of the vertical structural column 10. Of course, the connection form here needs to be determined according to the structural calculation, so as to meet the structural strength of the connection node. Under the condition of meeting the structural strength, the connecting piece of each cantilever steel beam 2 fixed end can be fixed with the connecting splint 11 on the same side structural column 10 by any one of bolting, bolt welding or full welding, and there is no restriction on this.

[0067] In addition, an edge beam 3 is provided on the cantilever side of the prefabricated balcony slab 1 away from the fixed side, and the two ends of the edge beam 3 are mounted on the cantilever ends of the cantilever steel beams 2 on both sides. The edge beam 3 here adopts an upward-turned convex edge that is turned up relative to the prefabricated balcony slab 1. The upward-turned convex edge can be cast and formed integrally with the prefabricated balcony slab 1, and the internal steel bars of the two are tied as one. The two cantilever steel beams 2 and the edge beam 3 are continuously spliced ​​to form a railing fixing part surrounding the three cantilevered sides of the prefabricated balcony slab 1. The elevations of different positions of the railing fixing part can be the same or different. In this embodiment, the elevation of the edge beam 3 is higher than the top surface elevation of the two cantilever steel beams 2. Moreover, the top surface elevations of the two cantilever steel beams 2 and the edge beam 3 are higher than the prefabricated balcony slab 1, on the one hand to meet the structural force requirements; on the other hand, it is convenient to form a water circle to prevent water in the balcony from dripping directly. The function of the railing fixing part is to provide a foundation for the installation of the balcony guardrail. Therefore, in order to improve the degree of prefabrication and reduce the requirements for subsequent on-site construction, several fixings for connecting and fixing the balcony railing are pre-buried along the top surface of the railing fixing part. When the prefabricated balcony is installed, the bottom of the railing can be directly connected to the fixings.

[0068] The embedded railing fixing structure is not limited, and it is preferred that it can be quickly installed by assembly connection. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, different fixing forms are provided for the cantilever steel beam 2 of the I-beam structure and the edge beam 3 of the reinforced concrete structure. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the fixing members arranged on the edge beam 3 and the cantilever steel beam 2 are respectively marked as a first fixing member 4 and a second fixing member 5.

[0069] in Figure 6 The first fixing member 4 shown is composed of a guardrail mounting plate with a hole on the top and an embedded steel bar welded and fixed to the bottom of the guardrail mounting plate. The guardrail mounting plate is made of a steel plate. The plate surface of the guardrail mounting plate needs to be flush with or slightly protruding from the upper surface of the upper edge of the flange. The embedded steel bar is cast in the concrete and tied and welded to the structural reinforcement in the concrete. The bolt holes on the plate surface of the guardrail mounting plate can be bolted to the bottom end plate of the railing.

[0070] In addition, since the cantilever steel beam 2 is made of I-beam, its upper flange can be directly welded and fixed to the steel member without the need for embedded steel bars. Figure 7 The second fixing member 5 shown is directly provided with screw holes on the steel plate surface. The second fixing member 5 can also be used as a lug plate during the prefabricated balcony hoisting process, and other additional hoisting connectors can also be provided on the cantilever steel beam 2 as required.

[0071] Of course, in other embodiments, Figure 1The edge beam 3 of the middle balcony can also be replaced by an I-beam beam the same as the cantilever steel beam 2. When the edge beam 3 is made of I-beam, its two ends need to be welded and fixed to the cantilever steel beams 2 on both sides to form a force-bearing frame system.

[0072] In addition, as a preferred solution, a notch can be provided on the fixed side of the prefabricated balcony slab 1 near the cantilevered steel beams 2 on both sides, as a mounting avoidance groove 6. The arrangement of the avoidance groove 6 here can facilitate the welding of the upper and lower flanges of the cantilevered steel beam 2 and the connection of the fixed end web with the external structural column.

[0073] In addition, the prefabricated balcony also needs to be provided with corresponding functional components according to the use function of the balcony, and the specific functional components can be determined according to the design drawings. In this embodiment, a riser hole 7 can be reserved at a corner position of the prefabricated balcony slab 1 close to the fixed side. At the same time, a ground hole hole 8 can be reserved on the prefabricated balcony slab 1. A pre-buried wire box and wire conduit 9 can also be reserved on the prefabricated balcony slab 1 to facilitate the electrical wiring of the lower floor. The installation form of these specific functional components is the same as that of a conventional balcony, the only difference being that they are prefabricated in the balcony slab in the factory.

[0074] In addition, in order to further improve the degree of prefabrication and reduce the number of on-site construction procedures, in the present invention, the functional layer and decorative layer of the finished balcony can also be prefabricated on the integral prefabricated balcony. Here, the so-called functional layer of the finished balcony refers to the outer protection layer, slope leveling layer, waterproof layer, fireproof layer, overhead layer and other layers that play a special role, while the decorative layer refers to the layer that plays a decorative role, such as floor, floor tiles, panels, etc. In a preferred embodiment, see Figure 8 As shown, the outer side and bottom of the prefabricated balcony can be covered with an outer protective aluminum plate for protection. The surface of the concrete balcony plate is provided with a slope layer, a waterproof membrane, an air conditioner flat pad, a fireproof plate and an inner decorative surface material from bottom to top. Furthermore, a drip line can be provided on the outer protective aluminum plate on the bottom of the balcony.

[0075] In addition, considering the fire protection requirements of the steel components in the integral prefabricated balcony, the bottom elevation of the prefabricated balcony slab 1 is preferably lower than the bottom elevation of the cantilevered steel beams 2 on both sides, that is, the bottom surface of the prefabricated balcony slab 1 protrudes a certain distance relative to the bottom surface of the cantilevered steel beams 2 on both sides, leaving space for the fireproof coating on the bottom of the cantilevered steel beams 2 on both sides. If the edge beam 3 also uses I-beams, then its bottom surface can also maintain the same elevation as the bottom surface of the cantilevered steel beams 2 on both sides, so as to facilitate the coating of fireproof coating.

[0076] When the integral prefabricated balcony is installed, since the fixed ends of the I-beams on both sides protrude relative to the prefabricated balcony plate 1, when the integral prefabricated balcony is cantilevered and installed on the two structural columns 10 of the floor, it can be seen that Figure 1As shown, a gap, namely a broken bridge structural gap 12, is left between the side of the integral prefabricated balcony facing the floor and the building facade, so that the external insulation is continuous, thereby improving the thermal insulation performance of the building.

[0077] The prefabricated balcony slab 1 in the above embodiment is made of reinforced concrete, which has good integrity but heavy weight. The present invention provides a second type of prefabricated balcony slab 1, which is a composite slab made of ALC strips and reinforced concrete.

[0078] In another embodiment of the present invention, see Figures 9 to 12 As shown, it is shown that the integral prefabricated balcony using the composite panel as the connection node between the prefabricated balcony slab 1 and the external load-bearing structure. Similar to the first form of prefabricated balcony, the basic components of the integral prefabricated balcony also include a prefabricated balcony slab 1 and two cantilevered steel beams 2. In this embodiment, the cantilevered steel beams 2 and the edge beams 3 are both made of I-beams. The two cantilevered steel beams 2 are arranged in parallel on both sides of the prefabricated balcony slab 1. The edge beams 3 are fixed to the ends of the two cantilevered steel beams 2. A connecting plate can be pre-welded vertically on the web of the cantilevered steel beam 2, and connected to the I-beam web of the edge beam 3 through the connecting plate. The prefabricated balcony slab 1 is also supported by the cantilevered steel beams 2 and the edge beams 3 on both sides. However, the cross-section of the prefabricated balcony slab 1 in this embodiment is shown in FIG. Fig.10 As shown, it is composed of ALC strips 101 and reinforced concrete strips 102 arranged alternately in the transverse direction. Under this arrangement, it is impossible to set steel bars arranged transversely throughout the prefabricated balcony slab 1, so it is impossible to place the steel bars on the cantilevered steel beams 2 on both sides for load bearing like the first type of balcony. In this embodiment, it is necessary to set an additional transverse steel member 15 on the fixed side of the prefabricated balcony slab 1. Here, the transverse steel member 15 is replaced by angle steel, but it is not limited to angle steel, and other steel beams can also be used. The two ends of the angle steel are mounted on the lower flanges of the two cantilevered steel beams 2 and welded to prevent displacement. The angle steel can provide additional force support for the composite board. The ALC strips 101 in the composite board are arranged in parallel and at intervals on the plane of the prefabricated balcony slab 1, and the direction of each ALC strip 101 is parallel to the cantilevered steel beam 2, and its two ends are overlapped and fixed on the edge beam 3 and the transverse steel member 15 respectively. The ALC strips 101 are pre-cut into Fig.13In the isosceles trapezoidal cross section shown, the ALC strips are placed with the shorter bottom side facing downward and the longer bottom side facing upward. Adjacent ALC strips 101 are filled with reinforced concrete strips 102, and the structural reinforcement in the reinforced concrete strips 102 is parallel to the cantilevered steel beam 2, and the two ends are welded and fixed to the edge beam 3 and the transverse steel member 15, respectively, and then the vertical load is distributed to the cantilevered steel beams 2 on both sides through the edge beam 3 and the transverse steel member 15. It can also be seen from the figure that the connecting surfaces of the reinforced concrete strips 102 and the ALC strips 101 are both inclined surfaces, and the ALC strips 101 are supported upward by the two inclined surfaces of the adjacent reinforced concrete strips 102, which is to ensure that the ALC strips 101 can form a force-bearing surface with the reinforced concrete strips 102 and the ALC strips 101 will not fall. Since the ALC strip board 101 has the advantages of light weight and high strength, the composite board used as the prefabricated balcony board 1 has an overall weight reduced by 1 / 3 compared to the first type of reinforced concrete prefabricated balcony board, and can greatly shorten the processing time of the overall balcony module prefabrication.

[0079] Since both the cantilever steel beam 2 and the edge beam 3 in this embodiment are made of I-beams, the second fixing members 5 can be used to install the guardrail fixing members.

[0080] In the embodiment using the composite board, except for the prefabricated balcony slab 1, the other parts can also adopt the method similar to the first method. For example, the edge beam 3 can also adopt an upward convex edge cast integrally with the prefabricated balcony slab 1. The bottom elevation of the prefabricated balcony slab 1 is also preferably lower than the bottom elevation of the cantilevered steel beams 2 on both sides to facilitate the application of fire retardant coating. In addition, a hanging connector can also be provided on the top of the cantilevered steel beam 2. The prefabricated balcony slab 1 can also be pre-installed with a avoidance groove 6, a vertical pipe opening 7, a ground hole opening 8, and a pre-buried wire box and wire pipe 9, etc.

[0081] In addition, in a preferred embodiment, due to the provision of the above-mentioned transverse steel member 15, in order to enhance the structural stability of this position, a reinforcing rib 14 may be provided between the transverse steel member 15 and the frame beam 13 erected on the structural column 10. A form of the reinforcing rib 14 is shown in FIG. Fig.14 shown.

[0082] Similarly, the second type of integral prefabricated balcony can also be prefabricated with a functional layer and a decorative layer of the finished balcony. In a preferred embodiment, the outer side and bottom surface of the integral prefabricated balcony are covered with an outer protective aluminum plate with a drip line, and the prefabricated balcony board 1 is provided with a slope layer, a waterproof coil, an air conditioning flat pad, a fireproof plate and an inner decorative surface material from bottom to top.

[0083] Fig. 9When the integral prefabricated balcony shown forms a connection node with the external structural column 10, the integral prefabricated balcony is cantilevered and installed on two structural columns 10 of the floor where it is located, and the fixed end of each cantilevered steel beam 2 is connected and fixed to the structural column 10 on the same side through a connecting piece. Similarly, a broken bridge structural joint 12 can also be left between the side of the integral prefabricated balcony facing the floor and the building facade to keep the external wall insulation layer continuous.

[0084] It should be noted that the surface layer of the prefabricated balcony in the above two schemes can be either an elevated floor for dry operation or a floor for conventional wet operation.

[0085] As mentioned above, the different implementation forms of the integral prefabricated balcony shown above through several embodiments can all be prefabricated in a factory and then transported to the construction site for assembly. In order to better understand the present invention, the following further shows two different methods for manufacturing the integral prefabricated balcony.

[0086] for Figure 1 For the integral prefabricated balcony shown in the figure, the manufacturing method steps are as follows:

[0087] S1: Prefabricate the cantilever steel beams 2 on both sides of the balcony in the factory, which are symmetrical on both sides, and the steel structure is composed of I-beams and lug plates welded together, and the lug plates are used for lifting. At the same time, prefabricate the fixing parts for connecting and fixing the balcony railings, including the first fixing part 4 and the second fixing part 5.

[0088] S2: Two prefabricated cantilever steel beams 2 and fixings are placed in parallel in the steel mold platform according to the sequence and design spacing, and templates are set at the same side ends of the two cantilever steel beams 2 for pouring the upturned convex edge of the edge beam 3. Finally, the mold platform forms a return cavity for pouring.

[0089] S3: Structural reinforcement is arranged for the prefabricated balcony slab 1 and the upward flange between the two cantilever steel beams 2, and the ends of the steel bars overlapped on the two cantilever steel beams 2 are welded and fixed to the webs of the cantilever steel beams 2.

[0090] S4: adjusting the gap between each component in the mold and the template to the design value, pouring the mixed concrete into the mold, and vibrating, trimming and curing with a vibrating rod to form a prefabricated structure of a prefabricated balcony slab 1, an upward convex edge and two cantilevered steel beams 2;

[0091] S5: After the initial setting of the concrete, start to remove the peripheral steel formwork and clamping devices of the prefabricated parts and other auxiliary work, let the internal prefabricated parts stand still, and after natural or scientific curing, the rough parts are obtained and moved to the interior decoration workshop for subsequent operations.

[0092] S6: Lay the functional layer and decorative layer on the rough parts: First, perform routine slope leveling on the rough parts of the balcony, lay the waterproof membrane, and install the balcony floor drain as required; then install the ground overhead structure and decorative floor on the inner surface of the balcony as required; finally, install the outer decorative edging of the balcony prefabricated parts in sections, and pay attention to reserving the installation position of the guardrail at the three cantilevered sides of the prefabricated balcony slab 1;

[0093] S7: Finally, the prefabricated balcony is packaged, fixed, marked and stored according to the design drawing to complete the manufacturing of the entire prefabricated balcony.

[0094] Similarly, for Fig. 9 For the integral prefabricated balcony shown in the figure, the manufacturing method steps are as follows:

[0095] S1: Prefabricate the cantilever steel beams 2 on both sides of the balcony in the factory. The steel structure is composed of an I-beam and a lug plate welded together. The lug plate is used for lifting. At the same time, prefabricate the second fixing member 5 for connecting and fixing the balcony railing. The second fixing member 5 can be welded to the corresponding position of the I-beam in advance. In addition, it is also necessary to prefabricate the L-shaped angle steel as the transverse steel member 15.

[0096] S2: Place two prefabricated cantilever steel beams 2, transverse steel members 15 and second fixing members 5 into the mold platform according to the designed positions, and weld the transverse steel members 15 to the two cantilever steel beams 2. Fix the I-beams as the edge beams 3 at the same side ends of the two cantilever steel beams 2. Place the ALC strips cut in advance into trapezoidal cross-sections into the mold according to the designed spacing, so that their two ends are erected between the edge beams 3 and the transverse steel members, with the shorter bottom edge of the ALC strips facing downward and the longer bottom edge facing upward.

[0097] Of course, in this step, the edge beam 3 can also be replaced with an upward flange. At this time, a template for casting the upward flange can be set at the same side end of the two cantilever steel beams 2 to facilitate the subsequent pouring of concrete to form the edge beam 3.

[0098] S3: Structural reinforcement is performed for the reinforced concrete components in the prefabricated balcony. If the edge beam 3 adopts an I-beam, the reinforced concrete components that need reinforcement are the reinforced concrete strips 102 between the ALC strips. If the edge beam 3 adopts an upturned convex edge, the reinforced concrete components that need reinforcement are the reinforced concrete strips 102 between the ALC strips and the upturned convex edge. In the strip space between two adjacent ALC strips, steel bars are arranged along the direction parallel to the ALC strips, and the two ends of the steel bars are respectively welded and fixed to the transverse steel member 15 and the steel structure in the edge beam 3.

[0099] S4: Adjust the gap between each component in the mold and the template to the design value, pour the mixed concrete into the mold, and use a vibrating rod to vibrate, trim and maintain, so as to form a prefabricated structure integrating the prefabricated balcony slab 1, the edge beam 3, the transverse steel component and the two cantilever steel beams 2.

[0100] S5: After the initial setting of the concrete, start to remove the peripheral steel formwork and clamping devices of the prefabricated parts and other auxiliary work, let the internal prefabricated parts stand still, and after natural or scientific curing, the rough parts are obtained and moved to the interior decoration workshop for subsequent operations.

[0101] S6: Lay the functional layer and decorative layer on the rough parts: First, perform routine slope leveling on the rough parts of the balcony, lay the waterproof membrane, and install the balcony floor drain as required; then install the ground overhead structure and decorative floor on the inner surface of the balcony as required; finally, install the outer decorative edging of the balcony prefabricated parts in sections, and pay attention to reserving the installation position of the guardrail at the three cantilevered sides of the prefabricated balcony slab 1;

[0102] S7: Finally, the prefabricated balcony is packaged, fixed, marked and stored according to the design drawing to complete the manufacturing of the entire prefabricated balcony.

[0103] The above-described embodiment is only a preferred solution of the present invention, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. A person skilled in the relevant technical field may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, any technical solution obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integral prefabricated balcony suitable for assembled buildings, characterized in that: The invention comprises a prefabricated balcony slab (1) and two cantilevered steel beams (2), wherein the two cantilevered steel beams (2) are arranged in parallel on both sides of the prefabricated balcony slab (1) and are connected to the prefabricated balcony slab (1) as a whole, and the prefabricated balcony slab (1) is supported by the cantilevered steel beams (2) on both sides; the fixed ends of the two cantilevered steel beams (2) both extend out of the fixed side of the prefabricated balcony slab (1), and the fixed ends are provided with connecting pieces for connecting and fixing with an external bearing structure; the cantilevered side of the prefabricated balcony slab (1) away from the fixed side is provided with an edge sealing beam (3), and the two ends of the edge sealing beam (3) are mounted on the cantilevered ends of the cantilevered steel beams (2) on both sides; the two cantilevered steel beams (2) and the edge sealing beams (3) are continuously spliced ​​to form a railing fixing portion surrounding the three cantilevered sides of the prefabricated balcony slab (1), and a plurality of fixing pieces for connecting and fixing the balcony railing are pre-buried along the top surface of the railing fixing portion; The cantilever steel beam (2) is an I-beam; the edge beam (3) is an I-beam or an upwardly turned convex edge integrally cast with the prefabricated balcony slab (1); The prefabricated balcony slab (1) is a composite slab composed of ALC strips and reinforced concrete; a transverse steel member (15) having two ends mounted on two cantilevered steel beams (2) is provided on the fixed side of the prefabricated balcony slab (1); in the composite slab, a plurality of ALC strips are arranged in parallel and at intervals on the plane of the prefabricated balcony slab (1), the direction of each ALC strip is parallel to the cantilevered steel beam (2), and the two ends thereof are overlapped and fixed on the edge beam (3) and the transverse steel member (15) respectively; adjacent ALC strips are filled with reinforced concrete strips, and the two ends of the structural reinforcement in the reinforced concrete strips are overlapped and fixed on the edge beam (3) and the transverse steel member (15) respectively for bearing vertical loads; the connecting surfaces of the reinforced concrete strips and the ALC strips are both inclined surfaces, and the ALC strips are supported upward by two inclined surfaces of adjacent reinforced concrete strips.

2. The integral prefabricated balcony suitable for assembled buildings as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom elevation of the prefabricated balcony slab (1) is lower than the bottom elevation of the cantilevered steel beams (2) on both sides.

3. The integral prefabricated balcony suitable for assembled buildings as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting piece is a bolt hole opened on the web of the fixed end of the cantilever steel beam (2).

4. The integral prefabricated balcony suitable for assembled buildings as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A hanging connection piece is provided on the top of the cantilever steel beam (2).

5. The integral prefabricated balcony suitable for assembled buildings as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The fixed side of the prefabricated balcony slab (1) is provided with installation avoidance grooves (6) at positions close to the cantilevered steel beams (2) on both sides.

6. The integral prefabricated balcony suitable for assembled buildings as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A riser opening (7) is reserved at a corner of the prefabricated balcony slab (1) close to the fixed side.

7. The integral prefabricated balcony suitable for assembled buildings as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The prefabricated balcony slab (1) is provided with a ground hole opening (8).

8. The integral prefabricated balcony suitable for assembled buildings as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A pre-buried wire box and wire tube (9) is reserved on the prefabricated balcony slab (1).

9. The integral prefabricated balcony suitable for assembled buildings as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The integral prefabricated balcony is prefabricated with a functional layer and a decorative layer of a finished balcony product.

10. The integral prefabricated balcony suitable for assembled buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side and bottom surfaces of the integral prefabricated balcony are covered with external protective aluminum plates. The prefabricated balcony plate (1) is provided with a slope leveling layer, a waterproof layer, a fireproof layer, an overhead layer and an inner decorative layer in order from bottom to top; and a drip line is provided on the external protective aluminum plate on the bottom surface of the balcony.

11. A connection node of an integral prefabricated balcony as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The integral prefabricated balcony is cantilevered and installed on two structural columns (10) of the floor where it is located, and the fixed end of each cantilevered steel beam (2) is connected and fixed to the structural column (10) on the same side through the connecting piece; a thermal break structural joint (12) is left between the side of the integral prefabricated balcony facing the floor and the building facade.

12. The connection node according to claim 11, characterized in that A connecting plate (11) is welded and fixed to the structural column (10), and the connecting piece at the fixed end of each cantilever steel beam (2) is fixed to the connecting plate (11) on the structural column (10) on the same side by bolting, bolt welding or full welding.

13. The connection node according to claim 12, characterized in that: A reinforcing rib (14) is provided between the transverse steel member (15) and the external bearing structure.

14. A method for manufacturing an integral prefabricated balcony as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: cantilevered steel beams (2) on both sides of the prefabricated balcony, transverse steel members (15) and fixings for connecting and fixing balcony railings; S2: placing two prefabricated cantilever steel beams (2), a transverse steel member (15), and the fixing parts into the mold platform according to the designed positions, and connecting and fixing the transverse steel member (15) to the two cantilever steel beams (2); arranging a template for casting an upward flange or placing an I-beam connected and fixed to the two cantilever steel beams (2) at the same side ends of the two cantilever steel beams (2) to form an edge beam (3); placing ALC strips that have been pre-cut into a trapezoidal cross section into the mold according to the designed spacing, so that the two ends are erected between the edge beam (3) and the transverse steel member (15), with the shorter bottom edge of the ALC strip facing downward and the longer bottom edge facing upward; S3: Structural reinforcement is arranged for the reinforced concrete components in the prefabricated balcony, wherein steel bars are arranged in the strip space between two adjacent ALC strips along the direction parallel to the ALC strips, and both ends of the steel bars are respectively welded and fixed to the transverse steel member (15) and the steel structure in the edge beam (3); S4: adjusting the gap between each component in the mold and the template to a designed value, and pouring the mixed concrete into the mold to form a prefabricated structure including a prefabricated balcony slab (1), an edge beam (3), a transverse steel component (15) and two cantilevered steel beams (2); S5: After the concrete has initially set, the mold is removed and the internal prefabricated components are cured; S6: Laying the functional layer and the decorative layer on the rough parts of the prefabricated balcony slab (1), and reserving installation positions for the guardrails at the three cantilevered sides of the prefabricated balcony slab (1), thereby completing the manufacture of the overall prefabricated balcony.

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