Rainwater collection system for forest fire fighting in mountainous areas

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of forest fire fighting technology, and is a rainwater collection system for forest fire fighting in mountainous areas. The technical scheme is as follows: rainwater collection pipes are buried along the contour lines of the hillside, and the rainwater collection pipes located on the same contour line are a horizontal rainwater collection group, and a plurality of the horizontal rainwater collection groups are arranged from top to bottom; transmission pipes are arranged vertically along the hillside to form a plurality of longitudinal rainwater transmission groups, and the horizontal rainwater collection groups and the longitudinal rainwater transmission groups intersect to form a mesh; inspection wells are arranged at the intersection of the horizontal rainwater collection groups and the longitudinal rainwater transmission groups, a water collection pool in the middle of the slope is arranged on the transmission pipe, and a water collection pool at the bottom of the slope is arranged at the end of the longitudinal rainwater transmission group, and the overflow pipe of the water collection pool at the bottom of the slope is connected to the waterway under the mountain. It provides a new technology for collecting and utilizing rainwater on the hillside, which can be used for fire fighting and can also reduce soil erosion on the hillside, turning harm into benefit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of forest fire fighting, and in particular relates to a rainwater collection system for forest fire fighting in mountainous areas. Background Art

[0002] Firefighting in mountainous areas often causes a large number of casualties. The reason is that most of the forests in mountainous areas have no roads, so firefighting is very difficult. Because there is no water source and no roads to go up the mountain, the most effective method of firefighting, which is water, cannot be used. Currently, the most commonly used method is manual firefighting. Firefighting team members are divided into groups of 3 to 4 people. They use fresh branches or hand-held firefighting tools to continuously take turns to put out the fire, lightly lift, heavy press and drag, and beat and sweep until the fire is controlled and spread. As a result, firefighting is difficult and often causes casualties.

[0003] Water can be used to put out fires. It can not only put out underground fires, surface fires, and crown fires. It also has the best fire extinguishing effect, low fire extinguishing intensity, and personnel safety. Water is the cheapest fire extinguishing agent and can put out underground fires, surface fires, and crown fires. Especially for Lengchang fires, uncleared logging sites, and primitive forest areas with dense vegetation and thick humus layers, water must be used to put out fires. Water fire extinguishing measures have the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection, safety, thorough fire extinguishing, and not easy to rekindle. But where does the water in mountain forests come from? How to obtain water for fire fighting? At present, on the one hand, rainwater on the hillsides of mountain forests cannot be collected, so there is no water for fire fighting; on the other hand, too much rainwater causes a large amount of water and soil loss on the hillsides.

[0004] Based on the above analysis, it can be seen that water can be used to put out fires, and controlling rainwater flow can eliminate soil erosion. Therefore, the above difficulties and key points are how to collect rainwater on the hillside. There is a lack of water for firefighting in mountainous areas, so it is impossible to put out fires with water. Using manual firefighting often causes casualties. Only when there is water can fires be put out with water, and the key lies in how to obtain water; due to the lack of effective rainwater collection methods, a large amount of rainwater is currently lost in mountainous areas, and soil erosion continues to occur. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a rainwater collection system for forest fire fighting in mountainous areas, which provides a new technology for collecting and utilizing rainwater on hillsides, which can be used for fire fighting and can also reduce soil erosion on hillsides, turning harm into benefit.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a rainwater collection system for forest fire fighting in mountainous areas, wherein rainwater collection pipes are buried horizontally along the contour lines of a hillside, and rainwater collection pipes located on the same contour line form a horizontal rainwater collection group, and a plurality of horizontal rainwater collection groups are arranged from top to bottom; transmission pipes are arranged vertically along the hillside to form a plurality of longitudinal rainwater transmission groups, and the horizontal rainwater collection groups intersect with the longitudinal rainwater transmission groups to form a network; an inspection well is arranged at the intersection of the horizontal rainwater collection group and the longitudinal rainwater transmission group, a water collection pool in the middle of the slope is arranged on the transmission pipe, and a water collection pool at the bottom of the slope is arranged at the end of the longitudinal rainwater transmission group.

[0007] Based on the above technical features: the overflow pipe of the water collection pool at the bottom of the slope is connected to the waterway down the mountain.

[0008] Based on the above technical features: the slope water collection tank between the upper and lower inspection wells is arranged on the transmission pipe near the inspection well below.

[0009] Based on the above technical features: the spacing between lateral rainwater collection groups is 50m to 100m.

[0010] Based on the above technical features: the spacing between the longitudinal transmission groups is 50m to 100m.

[0011] Based on the above technical features: the rainwater collection pipe is fixed on the slope through the collection pipe pier, the collection pipe pier includes a support with an arc-shaped cross-section and a fixed pile, the fixed pile is driven into the soil, the bottom of the support is fixed to the top of the fixed pile, the support holds and fixes the rainwater collection pipe, and gravel or densely planted shrubs are backfilled between the buried part of the rainwater collection pipe and the hillside soil.

[0012] Based on the above technical features: seepage holes are set on part of the wall of the rainwater collection pipe, the seepage holes face the falling direction of rainwater runoff on the hillside, and the total area of ​​the holes in the seepage hole arrangement area should not be less than 1 / 2 of the pipe wall area in the arrangement area.

[0013] Based on the above technical features: a trash rack is set on one side of the transmission pipe located in the lower section of the inspection well.

[0014] The operating principle of the present invention is: the system fully utilizes the terrain of the hillside, and through the reasonable arrangement of rainwater collection pipes that intercept rainwater, it automatically collects rainwater and automatically gathers it into the collection pool; after completion, it does not require manual operation or any power, and automatically completes collection, convergence and overflow according to the set water level.

[0015] When it rains, when the hillside soil is saturated with rainwater, surface runoff is formed, flowing down the slope and continuously flowing into the intercepted rainwater collection pipes, completing the collection of rainwater. The water in each rainwater collection pipe flows into the inspection well, flows into the transmission pipe after filtration, and then flows into the collection tank.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] 1) Multi-purpose

[0018] By using rainwater collection pipes, rainwater on the hillside can be basically collected and reused, which is an innovative technology that is economical, environmentally friendly and low-carbon. The invention is multi-purpose and multi-functional, achieving three goals at one stroke. The rainwater flowing all over the mountain can be collected in an organized manner, which not only solves the problem of water for forest fire fighting in the mountainous area, but also greatly reduces soil erosion on the hillside, and can also supplement water sources for the mountain ponds, reservoirs and rivers under the mountain.

[0019] 2) Applicability

[0020] This system is easy to lay out and has strong adaptability. It can be used in different terrains, including hillsides or hilly areas. All components are standardized, and all kinds of pipelines are buried, which is convenient for construction.

[0021] 3) Standardization

[0022] Collection tanks, equipment rooms, inspection wells, rainwater collection pipes, transmission pipes, collection pipe piers and fixed piles, as well as supporting components such as two-way pipes and elbows for connecting pipes, are all standard components and can be manufactured in factories. Conventional pipes can be purchased. All pipes can be long or short to adapt to different terrains. All components can be transported to the site and installed on site according to design requirements. Standardization can also reduce costs.

[0023] 4) Security

[0024] The rainwater collection system is grid-based, and each group of collection pipes and each vertical unit can serve as a backup for each other; that is, when a fault occurs at any point (such as blockage), other pipes can continue to function without causing the entire system to be paralyzed or fail.

[0025] The water collection pool can also form a vertical linkage and horizontal interaction mechanism. Different locations can replenish water sources from each other. Once a fire occurs, it can ensure effective control and rapid extinguishing in the shortest time and smallest scope.

[0026] In other words, the water collection pool in the middle of the slope and the water collection pool at the bottom of the slope can be replenished with water by installing water pumps. For example, during fire fighting, when the water in one water collection pool is almost used up, water from the nearby water collection pool can be pumped in by water pumps to meet the water needs of the fire fighting at that location. The collection pipes, water collection pools, equipment rooms and other facilities all have corresponding fire resistance levels and will not fail due to a large fire.

[0027] 5) Automation

[0028] Rainwater collection, sewage interception, overflow, and complementary water sources in various water collection pools can all be automated without manual operation. This ensures that you are fully prepared for any eventuality and can be used at any time for firefighting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the system layout.

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the intersection of the horizontal rainwater collection group and the vertical rainwater transmission group in the middle of the slope.

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the intersection of the horizontal rainwater collection group and the vertical rainwater transmission group at the bottom of the slope.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the burial of rainwater collection pipes.

[0033] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the collecting pipe pier.

[0034] The numbers in the figure indicate:

[0035] Rainwater collection pipe 1; transmission pipe 2; inspection well 3; water collection pool in the middle of the slope 4; water collection pool at the bottom of the slope 4'; overflow pipe 5; support 6; fixed pile 7; trash rack 8; gravel 9; hillside 10; seepage hole 11; vent pipe 12; pile cap 13; bolt 14; equipment room 15; fire pump 16; manhole 17; vent pipe control valve 18; block stone masonry 19; water inlet 20; inspection hole 21; contour line A; rainwater runoff B; overflow water level C; pump stop water level D. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the system or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0039] Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, “plurality” means two or more.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the system of the present invention is composed of: a rainwater collection system for forest fire fighting in mountainous areas, wherein the rainwater collection pipe 1 is arranged horizontally along the contour line A of the same elevation of the hillside, the rainwater collection pipe 1 located at the same contour line A is a horizontal rainwater collection group, and a plurality of horizontal rainwater collection groups are arranged from top to bottom; transmission pipes 2 are arranged vertically along the hillside to form a plurality of longitudinal rainwater transmission groups, and the horizontal rainwater collection groups and the longitudinal rainwater transmission groups intersect to form a mesh; an inspection well 3 is arranged at the intersection of the horizontal rainwater collection group and the longitudinal rainwater transmission group, and a water collection tank 4 in the slope is arranged on the transmission pipe 2, and rainwater is collected and filtered in the inspection well 3 through the rainwater collection pipe 1 and then transmitted to the water collection tank, wherein the water collection tank 4 in the slope collects rainwater on the slope surface, and rainwater at the bottom of the slope converges into the water collection tank 4' at the bottom of the slope arranged at the end of the longitudinal rainwater transmission group, and the overflow pipe 5 of the water collection tank 4' at the bottom of the slope is connected to the waterway down the mountain. Figure 1 The arrows shown in the figure indicate the direction of rainwater flow.

[0041] The above technical solution is composed of three parts: rainwater collection, transmission and storage, forming a complete system for rainwater collection and utilization. The horizontal rainwater collection pipe 1 intercepts and collects rainwater, the vertical transmission pipe 2 transmits rainwater, and the water collection pool 4 in the slope and the water collection pool 4' at the bottom of the slope store rainwater. The horizontal rainwater collection group and the vertical rainwater transmission group are interwoven around the hillside to form a mesh rainwater collection and utilization system. The function of the horizontal rainwater collection group is to collect, the function of the vertical rainwater transmission group is to transmit, and the function of the inspection wells and water collection pools at the intersection of the vertical and horizontal directions is to store. The spacing between each horizontal rainwater collection group and the spacing between each vertical rainwater transmission group can be determined according to the height and range of the slope.

[0042] The components and functions of the present invention are as follows:

[0043] 1) Rainwater collection pipe

[0044] When it rains, after the hillside soil is saturated with moisture, rainwater runoff B is formed on the ground and flows into the collection pipe along the hillside. The rainwater collection pipe 1 is arranged along the same contour line A of the hillside and can be a PVC pipe. The pipe is connected by a two-way pipe and connected in a conventional way.

[0045] like Figure 4 As shown, seepage holes 11 are arranged on part of the wall of the rainwater collection pipe 1, and the seepage holes face the flow direction of rainwater runoff on the hillside 10. The total area of ​​the holes in the arrangement area of ​​the seepage holes 11 should not be less than 1 / 2 of the wall area in the arrangement area. Figure 4The arrangement of the seepage holes 11 in the pipe wall within the 90 degree central angle of the cross section of the rainwater collection pipe 1 shown in FIG. 1 is only an example.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, in order to effectively collect rainwater, rainwater collection pipes 1 are arranged in layers at different heights on the hillside. Usually, the distance between the upper and lower rows of collection pipes is 50m to 100m. After the rainwater forms rainwater runoff B on the slope, each layer flows into the rainwater collection pipe 1. Figure 4 As shown, the buried part of the rainwater collection pipe 1 and the hillside soil are backfilled with gravel 9, and the purpose of setting the gravel 9 is to intercept dirt and reduce the dirt from clogging the seepage holes of the collection pipe. Densely planted shrubs can also be used to intercept dirt.

[0047] At the intersection of the horizontally arranged rainwater collection pipe 1 and the vertically arranged transmission pipe 2, a glass fiber reinforced plastic or plastic inspection well 3 is set, and the inspection well 3 is convenient for cleaning. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a trash rack 8 is arranged on one side of the lower transmission pipe in the inspection well 3. Rainwater from the rainwater collection pipe passes through the trash rack 8 in the inspection well 3, and flows into the water collection tank at the bottom after being blocked layer by layer.

[0048] 2) Pipe supports and fixed piles

[0049] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the rainwater collection pipe 1 is buried in the soil of the hillside 10, and a collection pipe pier is provided to strengthen the support. The collection pipe pier is composed of a nearly semicircular support 6 and a fixed pile 7, and the support 6 can be made of plastic steel. A pile cap 13 is provided at the bottom of the support 6, and the pile cap 13 is consolidated with the support 6. The middle hole of the pile cap 13 can be circular or square, with the same cross-sectional shape as the fixed pile 12, and is a connecting hole for the pile head to be inserted. Bolt holes are reserved in the pile cap wall, and the fixed pile 7 is connected to the pile cap by bolts 14. The fixed pile 7 can be a wooden pile or a precast concrete pile. The length and pile diameter should be based on the geological conditions and the slope of the hillside to meet the requirements of the stability of the rainwater collection pipe 1.

[0050] 3) Transmission tube

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, the transmission pipe 2 can be a conventional PVC pipe, and its function is to collect the rainwater collected by the rainwater collection pipe 1 and then transport it to the water collection pool 4 in the slope, and the rainwater at the bottom of the slope is collected in the water collection pool 4' at the bottom of the slope. It can be buried according to conventional pipelines. Usually, the distance between the two longitudinal rainwater transmission groups is 50m to 100m, that is, the distance between the two transmission pipes 2.

[0052] 4) Inspection well

[0053] At the intersection of the horizontal rainwater collection pipe 1 and the vertical transmission pipe 2, an inspection well 3 is set for collecting and transmitting rainwater. Before the rainwater enters the collection tank, the trash rack 8 in the well intercepts the trash and settles the mud and other debris in the water flow to prevent the debris from entering the transmission pipe 2 and finally entering the collection tank.

[0054] The inspection well 3 can be a cylinder made of glass fiber reinforced plastic. A trash rack 8 is set on one side of the lower transmission pipe 2 in the inspection well 3, that is, a trash rack 8 is set in front of the water outlet of the inspection well. The trash rack 8 is made of plastic. There should be a certain depth from the bottom of the well to the water outlet to meet the sediment deposition. A maintenance hole 21 is set on the top of the well to meet the needs of personnel for dredging, maintenance and installation. There is a certain depth below the inspection well pipe opening to facilitate sediment deposition and regular dredging.

[0055] 5) Trash rack

[0056] Use the filter to directly intercept impurities in the water, remove suspended solids and particulate matter in the water, reduce turbidity, purify water quality, reduce system dirt, algae, rust, etc., to purify water quality and protect other equipment in the system, such as the normal operation of fire pumps. The trash rack should be a fine filter.

[0057] 6) Catchment pool

[0058] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in each row of longitudinal rainwater transmission groups, a mid-slope water collection pool 4 can be set up every 1 to 2 rows of transverse rainwater collection groups. The mid-slope water collection pool 4 should be set up in layers and points according to the fire extinguishing range. Figure 2 The figure shows the cross-sectional view of the intersection of the horizontal rainwater collection group and the vertical rainwater transmission group in the middle of the slope. Figure 3 The cross-sectional view of the intersection of the horizontal rainwater collection group at the bottom of the slope and the longitudinal rainwater transmission group is shown. The mid-slope water collection tank 4 between the upper and lower inspection wells 3 is preferably arranged on the transmission pipe 2 near the inspection well 3 below. Figure 2 As shown, rainwater flows along the transmission pipe 2, enters the slope water collection pool 4 through the water inlet 20 at the connection between the slope water collection pool 4 and the transmission pipe 2. When the rainwater in the slope water collection pool 4 is full to the overflow water level C, it overflows to the inspection well 3 below through the overflow pipe 5, and then flows into the lower slope water collection pool 4 through the transmission pipe 2, and so on. Figure 3 As shown, rainwater flows into a water collection pool 4' at the bottom of the slope, and an overflow pipe 5 of the water collection pool 4' at the bottom of the slope is connected to a waterway down the mountain, such as a nearby mountain pond or river.

[0059] The water collection tank 4 in the middle of the slope and the water collection tank 4' at the bottom of the slope can be made of glass fiber reinforced plastics, which are cylindrical containers connected to the transmission pipe 2, the overflow pipe 5, and the vent pipe 12. One to two fire pumps 16 are installed in the water collection tank 4 in the middle of the slope and the water collection tank 4' at the bottom of the slope as needed. The volume below the stop water level D of the water collection tank 4 in the middle of the slope or the water collection tank 4' at the bottom of the slope should meet the water volume requirement when the water pump is started. A ladder is installed at the manhole 17 on the wall of the water collection tank 4 in the middle of the slope or the water collection tank 4' at the bottom of the slope. An equipment room 15 is installed on the top surface of the water collection tank, and batteries, fire hoses, maintenance tools, etc. are arranged in the room.

[0060] Ladders are provided at the manholes 17 of the water collection pool 4 in the middle of the slope and the water collection pool 4' at the bottom of the slope. After the water in the water collection pool is emptied, maintenance and silt removal can be carried out. The vent pipe 12 is provided with a vent pipe control valve 18 which should be set in a stainless steel box and locked; within the range of 500×1000mm on the slope surface in front of the pipe mouth, block stone protection 19 should be used to protect the slope surface.

[0061] Each water collection pool 4 in the middle of the slope and the water collection pool 4' at the bottom of the slope form a mechanism of vertical linkage and horizontal interaction, and serve as a backup for each other. The water level of each water collection pool is controlled and fully automated. Once a fire occurs, it is ensured to be effectively controlled and quickly extinguished in the shortest time and the smallest scope.

[0062] 7) Overflow pipe and vent pipe

[0063] The overflow pipe 5 is connected to the top of the water collection pool 4 in the middle of the slope or the water collection pool 4' at the bottom of the slope. The overflow pipe 5 is a conventional PVC pipe. When the water collection pool 4 in the middle of the slope overflows, the excess water can be discharged to the transmission pipe 2 below through the overflow pipe 5. When the water collection pool 4' at the bottom of the slope overflows, the excess water can be discharged to the waterway under the mountain through the overflow pipe 5. The overflow pipe can be connected by a straight pipe or an elbow.

[0064] The drain pipe 12 is a conventional PVC pipe, which is horizontally arranged in the soil of the hillside 10 and connected to the bottom of the water collection tank. When the water collection tank needs to be drained for maintenance, the gate valve at the pipe outlet is opened to drain water to the slope.

[0065] In the above-mentioned specific implementation method description, the burial of rainwater collection pipes, the construction of rainwater collection pipes, the configuration and specific construction of inspection wells and water collection tanks are only examples. The system of the present invention can also be completed by using other existing products and structures based on existing mature technologies.

[0066] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rainwater collection system for forest fire extinguishing in mountainous areas, characterized by: A rainwater collection pipe (1) is buried horizontally along the contour line of a hillside. The rainwater collection pipe (1) located on the same contour line is a horizontal rainwater collection group. A plurality of the horizontal rainwater collection groups are arranged from top to bottom. A transmission pipe (2) is arranged vertically along the hillside to form a plurality of longitudinal rainwater transmission groups. The horizontal rainwater collection groups and the longitudinal rainwater transmission groups intersect to form a network. An inspection well (3) is arranged at the intersection of the horizontal rainwater collection group and the longitudinal rainwater transmission group. A mid-slope water collection pool (4) is arranged on the transmission pipe (2). A slope bottom water collection pool (4') is arranged at the end of the longitudinal rainwater transmission group. In each row of the longitudinal rainwater transmission groups, a slope mid-slope water collection pool (4) is arranged every 1 to 2 rows of the horizontal rainwater collection groups. Each of the slope mid-slope water collection pools (4) and the slope bottom water collection pool (4') form a vertical linkage and horizontal interaction mechanism. , serving as backup for each other, the water collection pool (4) in the middle of the slope and the water collection pool (4') at the bottom of the slope are provided with a fire pump (16), the rainwater collection pipe (1) is fixed on the slope surface through a collection pipe support pier, the collection pipe support pier comprises a support (6) with an arc-shaped cross-section and a fixed pile (7), the fixed pile (7) is driven into the soil, the bottom of the support (6) is fixed to the top of the fixed pile (7), the support (6) supports and fixes the rainwater collection pipe (1), the buried part of the rainwater collection pipe (1) and the slope soil are backfilled with gravel (9) or densely planted shrubs, seepage holes (11) are provided on part of the pipe wall of the rainwater collection pipe (1), the seepage holes face the falling direction of the hillside rainwater runoff, and the total area of ​​the holes in the arrangement area of ​​the seepage holes (11) should not be less than 1 / 2 of the pipe wall area in the arrangement area.

2. A rainwater collection system for extinguishing forest fires in mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overflow pipe (5) of the water collection pool (4') at the bottom of the slope is connected to the waterway down the mountain.

3. A rainwater collection system for extinguishing forest fires in mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mid-slope water collection pool (4) between the upper and lower inspection wells (3) is arranged on the transmission pipe (2) close to the lower inspection well (3).

4. A rainwater collection system for extinguishing forest fires in mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between the lateral rainwater collection groups is 50m to 100m.

5. A rainwater collection system for extinguishing forest fires in mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between the longitudinal rainwater transmission groups is 50m to 100m.

6. A rainwater collection system for extinguishing forest fires in mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: A trash rack (8) is provided on one side of the transmission pipe (2) located at the lower section in the inspection well (3).

Images