A wireless initiation device for perforation and its initiation method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a wireless initiation device and an initiation method for perforation, including a transmitting module and a receiving unit; wherein the transmitting module includes a signal microcontroller for generating a sine wave signal, a drive amplification circuit electrically connected to the signal microcontroller, a series resonance transmitting circuit electrically connected to the drive amplification circuit, and a transmitting antenna electrically connected to the series resonance transmitting circuit. The initiation device disclosed by the present invention upgrades the traditional mechanical energy initiation process such as tubing-conveyed projectile dropping or pressurization for perforation, which has many safety risks such as non-initiation, premature initiation, and mis-initiation, to wireless power transmission initiation. It has an innovative initiation idea and a high level of intelligence. It can not only achieve multi-stage initiation in the tubing and time-sharing initiation of multiple target horizons by one trip downhole conveyance, but also realize the timed switching of the working circuit, effectively improving the reliability and safety of perforation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of perforating oil and gas wells, and particularly relates to a wireless initiation device for perforating and an initiation method thereof in this field. Background Art

[0002] In the tubing conveyed perforation technology, the wellhead drop bar impact or applying pressure to the piston of the initiation device is often adopted. The piston of the initiation device is pushed by mechanical energy, the shear pin is sheared, and then the pyrotechnic device in the initiator is fired, and finally the perforating charge is detonated for perforation.

[0003] However, during on-site operations, due to reasons such as string structure, well conditions, and construction coordination, the following two accidental situations often occur: 1. The perforator fails to initiate successfully by dropping the bar or applying pressure downhole; 2. Before the perforator is lowered to the predetermined position, ditching, drill string slipping, and downhole falling objects cause the perforator to initiate prematurely. The reasons are as follows: There is a possibility of uncontrollable pressure and downhole pressure leakage in the pressure detonation method, and the electric energy detonation method is usually susceptible to interference from electrical signals such as stray electricity, static electricity, radio frequency electricity, and high-voltage induced electricity, resulting in premature detonation, that is, the mechanical energy generated by dropping the bar or applying pressure fails to be effectively transmitted to the initiation device, resulting in non-detonation or premature transmission to the initiation device, resulting in mis-detonation. In addition, due to the long drop bar in the drop bar impact detonation method, it cannot operate in coiled tubing or thin tubing, and there are also uncontrollable accidental factors. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a wireless initiation device for coiled tubing perforation and an initiation method thereof.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A wireless initiation device for perforating, the improvement lies in: including a transmitting module and a receiving unit; wherein the transmitting module includes a signal microcontroller for generating a sine wave signal, a drive and amplification circuit electrically connected to the signal microcontroller, a series resonance transmitting circuit electrically connected to the drive and amplification circuit, and a transmitting antenna electrically connected to the series resonance transmitting circuit; wherein the receiving unit includes a receiving antenna for receiving electromagnetic signals from the transmitting antenna, a parallel resonance receiving circuit electrically connected to the receiving antenna, an instrumentation amplifier electrically connected to the parallel resonance receiving circuit, an amplification and filtering circuit electrically connected to the instrumentation amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter electrically connected to the amplification and filtering circuit, a signal processor electrically connected to the analog-to-digital converter, a clock source, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a storage unit, and a relay control circuit electrically connected to the signal processor.

[0007] Further, the signal microcontroller includes a DAC module for generating a sine wave signal, a serial port for adjusting the frequency of the sine wave signal, and a timer for controlling the output time length of the sine wave signal.

[0008] Further, the driving and amplifying circuit includes an operational amplifier and a triode.

[0009] Further, the transmitting antenna is a magnetic antenna formed by winding an N-turn toroidal coil around a manganese-zinc ferrite magnetic rod, and the toroidal coil is composed of a single-strand enameled wire.

[0010] Further, the receiving antenna is a coil winding formed by winding a single-strand enameled wire around a plastic circular tube column with a certain length and high temperature resistance.

[0011] Further, the series resonance transmitting circuit is an LC series resonance circuit, and the parallel resonance receiving circuit is composed of the receiving antenna coil winding connected in parallel with a capacitor.

[0012] Further, the instrumentation amplifier is a low-noise precision instrumentation amplifier; the amplifying and filtering circuit includes a secondary amplifying circuit composed of multi-channel precision operational amplifiers and a second-order narrowband active band-pass filter.

[0013] Further, the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are integrated in the auxiliary measurement probe.

[0014] Further, the signal processor is electrically connected to the relay control circuit through a power amplifier.

[0015] An initiation method using the above-mentioned wireless initiation device for perforation, the improvement lies in that it includes the following steps:

[0016] (1) After configuring the start working time and end working time of the receiving unit signal processor on the ground, lower the receiving unit to the target layer first along with the coiled tubing;

[0017] (2) After configuring the sine wave signal frequency, start working time and end working time of the transmitting module signal microcontroller on the ground, put the transmitting module into the well from the entrance, and make the transmitting module descend in the coiled tubing by its own gravity;

[0018] (3) After timing to the working time, the transmitting module signal microcontroller outputs a sine wave signal, and after the current of this sine wave signal is increased by the driving and amplifying circuit, it drives the series resonance transmitting circuit to perform high-power electromagnetic propagation of the sine wave signal on the transmitting antenna;

[0019] (4) After timing to the working time and when the distance between the inside of the tubing and the transmitting module is less than the set value, the receiving antenna starts to receive the weak small signal propagated by the transmitting antenna;

[0020] (5) After the signal received by the receiving antenna passes through the parallel resonant receiving circuit, the small signal near the resonant frequency will be amplified from differential mode to single-ended by the instrumentation amplifier, and then secondary amplified and filtered by the amplifier filtering circuit, and then collected by the analog-to-digital converter and digitally quantified and input into the signal processor;

[0021] (6) The signal processor determines whether the digitally quantified signal is a sine wave signal propagated from the transmitting module, and at the same time combines the real-time pressure and temperature information of the downhole environment detected by the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor to determine whether the perforation detonation condition is established. During this process, the clock source provides a clock for the signal processor, and the storage unit completes the reading, writing and storage of the real-time time, pressure and temperature;

[0022] (7) When the signal processor determines that the perforation detonation condition is established, it sends an instruction to the relay control circuit to connect the detonation signal to detonate.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] For the detonating device disclosed by the present invention, aiming at the many safety risks such as non-detonation, premature detonation, mis-detonation, etc. existing in the traditional mechanical energy detonation perforation processes such as tubing-conveyed projectile or pressurization, it is upgraded to wireless transmission of electrical energy for detonation, with innovative detonation ideas and high intelligent level. It can not only achieve multi-stage detonation in the tubing and time-sharing detonation of multiple target horizons during a single trip downhole, but also realize the timed switch of the working circuit, effectively improving the reliability and safety of perforation.

[0025] For the detonating device disclosed by the present invention, both the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are magnetic antennas composed of coil windings, and the circuit form is an LC oscillation circuit. Compared with the dipole electric antenna, the signal propagation attenuation in the coiled tubing is small and the wireless communication distance is long; both the transmitted signal and the extracted received signal are processed by using precise mathematical algorithms, and the signals are accurate; the transmitting module and the receiving unit can configure the start working time and the end working time, improving the safety of the perforator during the tubing lowering process and the tubing lifting process, and reducing the mis-detonation rate caused by external interference.

[0026] The detonating method disclosed by the present invention provides a brand-new detonation idea. By setting the circuit, the controllability of detonation can be realized and the reliability can be enhanced. By analyzing the received signal spectrum and amplitude information to solve the useful signal, and combining the collected downhole real-time pressure, temperature and other auxiliary information to judge whether the perforation detonation condition is established, and only when the detonation condition is established, the detonation signal is obtained to detonate the perforator, reducing the mis-detonation rate and being safe and controllable. Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 It is the block diagram of the detonating device disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0028] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0029] Embodiment 1, as Figure 1 shown, this embodiment discloses a wireless detonation device for perforation, including a transmitting module and a receiving unit; wherein the transmitting module includes a signal microcontroller for generating a sine wave signal, a drive amplification circuit electrically connected to the signal microcontroller, a series resonance transmitting circuit electrically connected to the drive amplification circuit, and a transmitting antenna electrically connected to the series resonance transmitting circuit; wherein the receiving unit includes a receiving antenna for receiving electromagnetic signals from the transmitting antenna, a parallel resonance receiving circuit electrically connected to the receiving antenna, an instrumentation amplifier electrically connected to the parallel resonance receiving circuit, an amplification and filtering circuit electrically connected to the instrumentation amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter electrically connected to the amplification and filtering circuit, a signal processor electrically connected to the analog-to-digital converter, a clock source, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a storage unit, and a relay control circuit.

[0030] In this embodiment, the signal microcontroller includes a DAC module for generating a sine wave signal, a serial port for adjusting the frequency of the sine wave signal, and a timer for controlling the output time length of the sine wave signal. Based on the SPWM equal area control principle, a sine wave signal with adjustable frequency and controllable time is generated by the microcontroller DAC module using the look-up table method, as the input signal source of the transmitting module.

[0031] The drive amplification circuit includes an operational amplifier and a triode for small current amplification drive. The transmitting antenna is a magnetic antenna formed by winding N turns of a circular coil around a manganese-zinc ferrite magnetic rod. The circular coil is composed of a single-strand enameled wire for electromagnetic propagation of signals. The receiving antenna is a coil winding formed by winding a single-strand enameled wire around a plastic circular tube column with a certain length and high temperature resistance for receiving electromagnetic signals from the transmitting antenna.

[0032] The series resonance transmitting circuit is an LC series resonance circuit. The output end of the drive circuit is connected to the LC series resonance circuit, tuned to make the resonance frequency of the oscillation circuit consistent with the frequency of the sine wave signal, realizing Q-fold current amplification and improving the signal transmission power.

[0033] The parallel resonance receiving circuit is composed of a receiving antenna coil winding connected in parallel with a capacitor, with a resonance frequency consistent with the frequency of the transmitted sine wave signal, realizing Q-fold voltage amplification and improving the signal reception signal-to-noise ratio.

[0034] The instrumentation amplifier is a low-noise precision instrumentation amplifier for amplifying the differential-mode signal to a single-ended signal of the weak small signal received by the resonance receiving circuit, improving the instrument measurement sensitivity and anti-interference ability.

[0035] The amplification and filtering circuit includes a secondary amplification circuit composed of multi-channel precision operational amplifiers and a second-order narrowband active band-pass filter. After amplifying the output signal of the instrumentation amplifier, it filters out the useless signals to obtain a relatively pure required signal.

[0036] The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) collects the amplified analog received signal and performs digital quantization.

[0037] The pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are integrated in the auxiliary measurement probe to measure the downhole real-time pressure and temperature, serving as auxiliary judgment information for the perforating detonation signal.

[0038] The clock source is the clock source of the entire downhole receiving unit and the interrupt source of related modules. The storage unit stores real-time time, downhole pressure, temperature and other information.

[0039] The signal processor (DSP) is the main controller and signal processing unit of the downhole receiving unit. The working states of the signal processor are as follows: ①: Configure the clock source to determine the system timing clock and the interrupt frequency of the storage unit; ②: The built-in analog-to-digital converter collects downhole pressure and temperature, and the DSP controls the reading and writing of the storage unit and real-time storage; ③: Control the external ADC module to collect and convert, and read the received signal after digital quantization; ④: After performing digital filtering processing on the received signal, perform spectrum analysis to extract the useful signal frequency and amplitude.

[0040] The signal processor is electrically connected to the relay control circuit through a power amplifier. The relay control circuit is controlled by the signal processor (DSP). When receiving the opening or closing of the control detonation signal, it realizes the connection or disconnection of the detonation signal.

[0041] This embodiment also discloses a detonating method, which uses the above wireless detonating device for perforating, and includes the following steps:

[0042] (1) After configuring the start working time and end working time of the signal processor of the receiving unit on the ground, lower the receiving unit to the target layer first with the coiled tubing.

[0043] (2) After configuring the sine wave signal frequency, start working time and end working time of the signal microcontroller of the transmitting module on the ground, put the transmitting module into the well from the entrance, and make the transmitting module descend in the coiled tubing by its own gravity.

[0044] (3) After timing to the working time, the signal microcontroller of the transmitting module outputs a 6KHZ sine wave signal. After the current of this sine wave signal is increased by the drive amplification circuit, it drives the series resonance transmitting circuit to perform high-power electromagnetic propagation of the sine wave signal on the transmitting antenna.

[0045] (4) After the timing reaches the working time and the distance between the tubing and the transmitting module is less than the set value, the receiving antenna starts to receive the weak small signal propagated by the transmitting antenna;

[0046] (5) After the signal received by the receiving antenna passes through the parallel resonant receiving circuit, the small signal near the resonant frequency will be amplified from differential mode to single-ended by the instrumentation amplifier, and then amplified and filtered by the secondary of the amplification and filtering circuit. After being collected and digitally quantified by the analog-to-digital converter, it is input into the signal processor;

[0047] (6) The signal processor processes, analyzes, and solves the received signal after digital quantization. According to the frequency and amplitude of the extracted signal, it judges whether the digitally quantized signal is a sine wave signal propagated by the transmitting module. At the same time, combined with the real-time pressure and temperature information of the downhole environment detected by the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, it judges whether the perforation detonation condition is established. During this process, the clock source provides a clock for the signal processor, and the storage unit completes the reading, writing, and storage of the real-time time, pressure, and temperature, which is convenient for later data analysis;

[0048] (7) When the signal processor judges that the perforation detonation condition is established, it sends an instruction to the relay control circuit to turn on the detonation signal for detonation.

Claims

1. A detonating method using a wireless detonating device for perforation, comprising a transmitting module and a receiving unit; The transmitting module includes a signal microcontroller for generating a sine wave signal, a drive and amplification circuit electrically connected to the signal microcontroller, a series resonance transmitting circuit electrically connected to the drive and amplification circuit, and a transmitting antenna electrically connected to the series resonance transmitting circuit; The receiving unit includes a receiving antenna for receiving electromagnetic signals from the transmitting antenna, a parallel resonance receiving circuit electrically connected to the receiving antenna, an instrumentation amplifier electrically connected to the parallel resonance receiving circuit, an amplification and filtering circuit electrically connected to the instrumentation amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter electrically connected to the amplification and filtering circuit, a signal processor electrically connected to the analog-to-digital converter, a clock source, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a storage unit, and a relay control circuit. It is characterized by the following steps: (1) After configuring the start working time and end working time of the signal processor of the receiving unit on the ground, lower the receiving unit into the target layer first along with the coiled tubing; (2) After configuring the sine wave signal frequency, start working time, and end working time of the signal microcontroller of the transmitting module on the ground, put the transmitting module into the well from the entrance, and let the transmitting module descend in the coiled tubing by its own gravity; (3) After timing to the working time, the signal microcontroller of the transmitting module outputs a sine wave signal, which is boosted in current by the drive and amplification circuit and then drives the series resonance transmitting circuit to perform high-power electromagnetic propagation of the sine wave signal on the transmitting antenna; (4) After timing to the working time and when the distance between the inside of the tubing and the transmitting module is less than the set value, the receiving antenna starts to receive the weak small signal propagated by the transmitting antenna; (5) After the signal received by the receiving antenna passes through the parallel resonance receiving circuit, the small signal near the resonance frequency is amplified from differential mode to single-ended by the instrumentation amplifier, and then secondary amplified and filtered by the amplification and filtering circuit, and then collected by the analog-to-digital converter, digitally quantified, and input into the signal processor; (6) The signal processor determines whether the digitally quantified signal is the sine wave signal propagated by the transmitting module, and at the same time combines the real-time pressure and temperature information of the downhole environment detected by the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor to determine whether the perforation detonation condition is established. During this process, the clock source provides a clock for the signal processor, and the storage unit completes the reading, writing, and storage of the real-time time, pressure, and temperature; (7) When the signal processor determines that the perforation detonation condition is established, it sends an instruction to the relay control circuit to turn on the detonation signal for detonation.

2. The initiation method according to claim 1, wherein: The signal microcontroller includes a DAC module for generating a sine wave signal, a serial port for adjusting the sine wave signal frequency, and a timer for controlling the output duration of the sine wave signal.

3. The initiation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive and amplification circuit includes an operational amplifier and a triode.

4. The initiation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmitting antenna is a magnetic antenna composed of an N-turn toroidal coil wound around a manganese-zinc ferrite magnetic rod, and the toroidal coil is composed of single-strand enameled wire.

5. The initiation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The receiving antenna is a coil winding formed by winding single-strand enameled wire around a plastic circular tube column with a certain length and high temperature resistance.

6. The initiation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The series resonance transmitting circuit is an LC series resonance circuit, and the parallel resonance receiving circuit is composed of the receiving antenna coil winding connected in parallel with a capacitor.

7. The initiation method according to claim 1, wherein: The instrumentation amplifier is a low-noise precision instrumentation amplifier; the amplification and filtering circuit includes a secondary amplification circuit composed of multi-channel precision operational amplifiers and a second-order narrowband active band-pass filter.

8. The initiation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are integrated in the auxiliary measurement probe.

9. The initiating method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal processor is electrically connected to the relay control circuit through a power amplifier.

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