A medium-type triboelectric generator

Abstract

The present invention discloses a dielectric triboelectric generator, in which at least two triboelectric components are arranged between output electrodes, and dielectric components are arranged in a stacked manner between the triboelectric components; the thickness of the dielectric components is 1 to 200 mm. The stacked structure can be extended by alternately stacking the triboelectric components and the dielectric components. The output electrodes include a first electrode and a second electrode, which are respectively electrically connected to the triboelectric components, and electric energy is output between the first electrode and the second electrode. By utilizing the characteristics of high elasticity, high deformation ability and high energy storage density of the elastic dielectric layer, the scaling of the dielectric material is used to replace the opening and closing of the air gap between the charged surfaces of the traditional triboelectric generator, so as to obtain a larger capacitance change rate, and then output a large external voltage, realizing the energy collection of the triboelectric generator and obtaining an output with a high power density; at the same time, the mechanical properties of the dielectric material itself have better structural stability than the air gap structure design of the traditional triboelectric generator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of triboelectric power generation, and particularly to a dielectric triboelectric generator. Background Art

[0002] Under the background of global warming and energy crisis, reducing carbon emissions and finding renewable green energy are one of the most urgent challenges faced by the sustainable development of human civilization. Mechanical vibrations exist widely in various forms and scales in people's daily lives. In the past few decades, the collection of mechanical energy has been considered an extremely attractive goal. High-performance mechanical-electric energy conversion devices have become one of the important research topics in modern new energy development because they can collect the widely existing mechanical energy. Since the triboelectric generator was proposed by Academician Zhong Lin Wang of the Georgia Institute of Technology in 2012, it has received extensive attention and has now been proven to be an effective mechanical-electric energy conversion method.

[0003] The output power of the triboelectric generator is one of its important performance indicators. Therefore, people have been working hard to improve its output power by improving the triboelectrification efficiency or the generator structure. Many studies have improved the amount of triboelectric charges through surface modification, modification, and structural optimization of triboelectric materials. There are also reports of introducing dielectric material layers such as polystyrene between the friction layers to suppress the leakage of triboelectric charges to improve the output power of the device. However, most of the current improvement technologies are proposed based on the capacitance effect of the gas gap, and there are few reports on improving the capacitance effect of the dielectric layer, and the improvement amplitude of the output power is limited. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the defect that the output power of the existing triboelectric generator is not high, the present invention proposes a dielectric triboelectric generator, which utilizes the characteristics of high elasticity, high deformation ability, and high energy storage density of the elastic dielectric layer to replace the opening and closing of the air gap between the charged surfaces of the traditional triboelectric generator with the scaling of the dielectric material, obtaining a larger capacitance change rate, and then outputting a large external voltage to achieve the energy collection of the triboelectric generator and obtain a high power density output; at the same time, the mechanical properties of the dielectric material itself have better structural stability than the air gap structure design of the traditional triboelectric generator.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention includes:

[0006] A dielectric triboelectric generator, at least two triboelectric power generation components are arranged between the output electrodes, and dielectric components are stacked between the triboelectric power generation components; the thickness of the dielectric components is 1-200 mm.

[0007] A dielectric friction generator, in which a plurality of friction power generation components are arranged at intervals between output electrodes, and dielectric components are stacked between adjacent friction power generation components, and the output electrodes lead out the current generated by the friction power generation components; the thickness of the dielectric components is 1-200 mm.

[0008] A dielectric friction generator, in which a first electrode, a friction power generation component, a dielectric component, a friction power generation component and a second electrode are stacked; a plurality of friction power generation components and dielectric components are alternately stacked; the thickness of the dielectric components is 1-200 mm.

[0009] Optionally, the thickness of the dielectric component is greater than the thickness of the friction power generation component, and at least the thickness of the dielectric component is 10 times the thickness of the friction power generation component.

[0010] Optionally, the friction power generation component includes a first friction layer and a second friction layer stacked in sequence, and the first friction layer and the second friction layer are elastically supported and separated by an elastic support. For example, the elastic support is specifically a metal spring or a small-size elastic polymer support, and the arrangement method is placed between the first friction layer and the second friction layer, at the edge of the layer, and three or more are used to maintain the structural stability and achieve elastic support and separation.

[0011] Optionally, the material of the first friction layer is a negative friction material that is easy to gain electrons, and the material of the second friction layer is a positive friction material that is easy to lose electrons; the material of the first friction layer is a polymer material or a metal material, and the material of the second friction layer is a polymer material or a metal material.

[0012] Optionally, the output electrode includes a first electrode and a second electrode, and the first electrode and the second electrode are respectively electrically connected to at least one friction power generation component.

[0013] Optionally, the thickness of the first electrode is 10 μm-25 mm, and the thickness of the second electrode is 10 μm-25 mm.

[0014] Optionally, the thickness of the friction power generation component is 10 nm-5 mm.

[0015] Optionally, the material of the dielectric component is selected from cis-butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, polyurethane rubber, polyacrylate rubber, silicone rubber, fluororubber and polysulfide rubber.

[0016] The advantages of the dielectric friction generator proposed by the present invention are:

[0017] The deformation of the high-dielectric elastic dielectric layer is used to replace the opening and closing of the air gap in the traditional friction generator to provide a capacitance change rate. A higher capacitance change rate can be obtained within the same deformation range, so as to obtain a larger potential change rate. Compared with the traditional air-gap type friction generator, the structure of the dielectric friction generator proposed by the present invention is more stable. Description of the Drawings

[0018] The drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure, and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific embodiments, they are used to explain the present disclosure, but do not constitute a limitation to the present disclosure. In the drawings:

[0019] Figures 1-4 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the medium-type high-power triboelectric generator of the present invention with different stacking layers. The number of layers shown here is only used to illustrate the stacking expansion method, and does not limit the number of layers of the triboelectric generator described in the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1 It is the minimum layer combination structure of 2 sets of triboelectric components and 1 layer of dielectric components;

[0021] Figure 2 It is the expanded structure of 3 sets of triboelectric components and 2 layers of dielectric components;

[0022] Figure 3 It is the expanded structure of 4 sets of triboelectric components and 3 layers of dielectric components;

[0023] Figure 4 It is the expanded structure of 5 sets of triboelectric components and 4 layers of dielectric components;

[0024] Among them, a - triboelectric component, a1 - first friction layer, a2 - elastic support, a3 - second friction layer, b - dielectric component, c - output electrode, c1 - first electrode, c2 - second electrode;

[0025] Figure 5 It is the open-circuit voltage and vibration waveform output result of the first embodiment of the medium-type high-power triboelectric generator of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 It is the open-circuit voltage and vibration waveform output result of the second embodiment of the medium-type high-power triboelectric generator of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 It is the open-circuit voltage and vibration waveform output result of the third embodiment of the medium-type high-power triboelectric generator of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 It is a comparison diagram of the voltage peak and power output between the upper and lower electrodes of devices I, II, and III of the triboelectric generator in Example 4 under an external vibration excitation of 10 Hz. Specific Embodiments

[0029] The following will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present disclosure, and are not used to limit the present disclosure.

[0030] In the present disclosure, unless otherwise stated, the orientation terms such as "upper" and "lower" are generally defined based on the drawing plane of the corresponding drawings, and "inner" and "outer" refer to the inside and outside of the contour of the corresponding component.

[0031] In order to fully illustrate the purpose, features and effects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0032] The dielectric friction generator of the present invention overcomes the defect of low output power of the existing friction generator by introducing an elastic dielectric layer between two friction layers. Utilizing the characteristics of high elasticity, high deformation ability and high energy storage density of the elastic dielectric layer, the scaling of the dielectric material is used to replace the opening and closing of the air gap between the charged surfaces of the traditional friction generator, obtaining a larger capacitance change rate, and then outputting a large external voltage, realizing the energy collection of the friction generator and obtaining a high power density output; at the same time, the mechanical properties of the dielectric material itself have better structural stability than the air gap structure design of the traditional friction generator. It is applicable to the distributed mechanical energy collection of wearable devices and large devices prone to vibration, and is simultaneously converted into electrical energy for storage in the application scenario.

[0033] The present invention provides a technical solution for a medium-type high-power triboelectric generator, which includes at least two triboelectric components a, at least one dielectric component b, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The triboelectric component a includes a first friction layer a1 and a second friction layer a3, which are supported and separated by an elastic support a2. The dielectric component b is specifically a layer of high-elastic dielectric material layer, which is laminated between two triboelectric components a. The thickness of the dielectric component b is much larger than that of the triboelectric component a. The laminated structure of the dielectric component b and the triboelectric component a can be extended by alternately laminating them at intervals, and can be arbitrarily selected and combined according to different power generation requirements. The extended structure needs to ensure that the outermost two layers are always triboelectric components. The thickness of the dielectric component b is 1-200 mm, and the thickness is the key to distinguishing this patent from other triboelectric generator patents. When the thickness is too thin, the structure becomes an ordinary triboelectric generator, and the output voltage source is the two ends of the gap. As the thickness gradually increases, the output voltage source changes to the dielectric layer. As shown in the new embodiment 4, since the electric field directions of the dielectric and the air gap are opposite and cancel each other out, both when the dielectric thickness is very small or very large are effective structures. Among them, the one with a large dielectric thickness is the dielectric type proposed by the present invention, and its output power is much higher than that of an ordinary triboelectric generator with a small dielectric thickness; the materials used are high-molecular materials and their composites such as cis-butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, polyurethane rubber, polyacrylate rubber, silicone rubber, fluororubber, and polysulfide rubber, which have high elasticity, high deformation ability, and high dielectric constant (high elasticity: elastic modulus less than 500 MPa; high deformation ability: recoverable compression amount greater than 5%; high dielectric constant: relative dielectric constant greater than 2.5). The selection of materials will affect the performance of the generator. The high dielectric constant of the dielectric material is beneficial to the capacitance change rate; the high elastic deformation ability of the dielectric expands its compression amount, increases the capacitance change, and thus increases the output power.

[0034] In the same triboelectric generator, the thickness of the dielectric component b is much larger than that of the triboelectric component a, and the so-called much larger ensures that the thickness of the dielectric component b is at least 10 times that of the triboelectric component a.

[0035] At least ensure that the first electrode c1 and the second electrode c2 are respectively arranged above the first friction layer a1 of the uppermost triboelectric component a and below the second friction layer a3 of the lowermost triboelectric component a. Voltage and current are output between the first electrode c1 and the second electrode c2. The thickness range of the triboelectric component is 10 nm - 5 mm, and the thickness requirement is at least capable of generating a potential difference through friction.

[0036] The material of the first friction layer a1 in the triboelectric component a is a negative friction material that is easy to gain electrons, including high-molecular materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, and polyacrylonitrile, as well as metal materials such as gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, and iron.

[0037] The material of the second friction layer a3 in the triboelectric power generation component a is a positive friction material that is prone to losing electrons, including polymer materials such as polyvinyl alcohol, nylon, polymethyl methacrylate, silk, ABS, and metal materials such as magnesium, gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, iron, etc. The materials of the first friction layer a1 and the second friction layer a2 in the triboelectric power generation component a can be interchanged.

[0038] The elastic support a2 of the triboelectric power generation component a is a small-sized elastic support. For example, the elastic support a2 is specifically a metal spring or a small-sized elastic polymer support, and is arranged between the first friction layer a1 and the second friction layer a3. At the edge of the layer, three or more are provided to maintain the structural stability and achieve elastic support separation.

[0039] The thicknesses of the first electrode c1 and the second electrode c2 are respectively 10 μm to 50 mm. The materials of the first electrode c1 and the second electrode c2 are conductive metal materials (gold, silver, platinum, palladium, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium, selenium, iron, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, or vanadium), alloys (aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, beryllium alloy, copper alloy, zinc alloy, manganese alloy, nickel alloy, lead alloy, tin alloy, cadmium alloy, bismuth alloy, indium alloy, gallium alloy, tungsten alloy, molybdenum alloy, niobium alloy, or tantalum alloy), conductive polymer materials (polyacetylene, polyphenylacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyquinoline, phthalocyanine and its metal chelates), and their composite materials, graphene, silver nanowire film, or indium tin oxide. The materials of the first electrode c1 and the second electrode c2 can be the same or different. The dielectric component b is laminated between two groups of triboelectric power generation components a, and the combination with the least number of layers includes 2 groups of triboelectric power generation components a and 1 layer of dielectric component b.

[0040] Specifically, as Figure 1 shown, the dielectric triboelectric generator of the present invention includes a first electrode c1 and a second electrode c2. Between the two layers of electrodes, multiple groups of triboelectric power generation components a (including a first friction layer a1, an elastic support component a2 of the triboelectric power generation component, and a second friction layer a3) and a dielectric component b are laminated. An external output device (such as an ammeter) is connected between the first electrode c1 and the second electrode c2 to realize the current and voltage output of the triboelectric generator. The dielectric component b is laminated between two groups of triboelectric power generation components a, and the combination with the least number of layers includes 2 layers of triboelectric power generation components a and 1 layer of dielectric component b. This laminated structure can be extended by alternately laminating the triboelectric power generation components a and the dielectric component b, as Figure 2 、 3As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The maximum number of layer combinations includes 5 friction electricity generation components a and 4 dielectric components b. For the dielectric friction generator provided by the present invention, when the friction generator is compressed under an external force, the first friction layer a1 and the second friction layer a3 of the friction electricity generation component a rub against each other or come into contact to generate charges, and an electric field is formed on both sides of the dielectric component b. As the external force is released, the thickness of the dielectric component b changes greatly to form a variable capacitance, so that a variable potential difference is formed between the first electrode c1 and the second electrode c2. Through repeated compression and release, a periodic current signal can be formed in the external circuit to achieve friction electricity generation.

[0041] The following are examples for further describing the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0042] Example 1:

[0043] In this example, for the structure of the friction generator, refer to Figure 4 , a four-layer dielectric component repeating unit structure, including five friction electricity generation components a, four dielectric components b, a first electrode c1, and a second electrode c2. The friction electricity generation component includes a first friction layer a1 and a second friction layer a3, which are supported and separated by an elastic support component a2. The dielectric component b is a layer of high-elastic dielectric material layer, laminated between two friction electricity generation components a. The thickness of the dielectric component b is much larger than that of the friction electricity generation component a. The first electrode c1 and the second electrode c2 are respectively arranged above the first friction layer a1 of the uppermost friction electricity generation component a and below the second friction layer a3 of the lowermost friction electricity generation component a, and a voltage and current are output between the first electrode c1 and the second electrode c2.

[0044] For the friction generator in this example, it is required that the materials of the surfaces where the first friction layer a1 and the second friction layer a3 contact each other have a difference in the ability to gain and lose electrons generated by friction, which makes the friction layer surfaces carry equal amounts of opposite charges after the two surfaces contact and separate. At the same time, by applying and releasing the extrusion stress on both sides of the friction generator, the high-elastic dielectric layer is compressed and released, changing its equivalent capacitance, thereby changing the output voltage waveform between the first electrode c1 and the second electrode c2, and thus outputting power externally.

[0045] In this example, a cylindrical (Φ7 cm × 3 cm) polyurethane material (relative dielectric constant: 6.5) is used as the single-layer structure b1 of the polymer high-elastic dielectric material.

[0046] The medium component b is provided with a concavo-convex friction layer structure of micron-scale aluminum metal material with a protrusion height of 15 μm on one of its side surfaces (by artificially constructing a microscopically uneven surface to increase the friction efficiency, improve the friction charge amount, and thus improve the efficiency), that is, the first friction layer a1. The other side maintains the polyurethane silicone material body polished with sandpaper after machining as the second friction layer a3. Elastic medium in the form of silicone small cylinders (Φ3mm×2mm) poured at the four corners of the structure is used as the elastic support a2 between the two friction layers. In this embodiment, the friction component a1 is an aluminum metal layer with a height of 15 μm, and a3 is a polyurethane silicone body polished with sandpaper to increase the contact efficiency, and the effective thickness is about 100 μm.

[0047] Copper foil with a thickness of 0.1 mm is used as the first electrode c1 and the second electrode c2 for the output of the triboelectric generator.

[0048] Figure 5 This is the voltage waveform output between the upper and lower electrodes and the spectral line of the compression displacement of the corresponding high-elastic medium triboelectric generator under the vibration excitation of 10 Hz from the outside for this triboelectric generator. Figure 5 There are two spectral lines, one is the compression displacement curve and the other is the output voltage curve. The compression displacement is used to assist in explaining that the effective electrification of the medium-type triboelectric generator in this embodiment occurs in the compression and release process. The output voltage curve can be combined with an external circuit load of 1 MΩ to calculate approximately 5.4 W / m 2 .

[0049] Embodiment 2:

[0050] In this embodiment, the structure of the triboelectric generator refers to Figure 4 a three-layer dielectric repeating unit structure, including five triboelectric components a and four medium components b, a first electrode c1 and a second electrode c2. The triboelectric component includes a first friction layer a1 and a second friction layer a3, which are supported and separated by an elastic support component a2. The medium component includes a layer of high-elastic medium material layer b1, which is laminated between two triboelectric components. The thickness of the medium component is much larger than that of the triboelectric component. The first electrode c1 and the second electrode c2 are respectively arranged above the first friction layer of the uppermost triboelectric component and below the second friction layer of the lowermost triboelectric component, and voltage and current are output between the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0051] For the triboelectric generator in this embodiment, it is required that the materials on the surfaces where the first friction layer and the second friction layer are in contact with each other have a difference in the ability to gain and lose electrons during friction, which causes the surfaces of the friction layers to carry equal amounts of opposite charges after the two surfaces come into contact and separate. At the same time, by applying and releasing the extrusion stress on both sides of the triboelectric generator, the high-elastic medium layer is compressed and released, changing its equivalent capacitance, thereby changing the output voltage waveform between the first electrode and the second electrode, and thus outputting power.

[0052] In this embodiment, a cylindrical (Φ6.5 cm × 8 cm) silicone material (relative dielectric constant: 2.2) is used as the single-layer structure b1 of the polymer highly elastic dielectric material.

[0053] On one side surface of the polymer highly elastic dielectric layer, an uneven friction layer structure a1 made of micron-scale aluminum metal material with a protrusion height of 15 μm is provided. On the other side, the polyurethane silicone material body after mechanical processing and sandpaper polishing is maintained as another friction layer a3. Between the two friction layers, silicone small cylinders (Φ3 mm × 2 mm) poured at the four corners of the structure are used as elastic support components a2. In this embodiment, the friction component a1 is an aluminum metal layer with a height of 15 μm, and a3 is a polyurethane silicone body polished with sandpaper to increase the contact efficiency, and the effective thickness is about 100 μm.

[0054] Copper foils with a thickness of 0.1 mm are used as the output electrodes c1 and c2 of the triboelectric generator.

[0055] Figure 6 This is the voltage waveform output between the upper and lower electrodes and the spectral line of the compression displacement of the corresponding highly elastic dielectric triboelectric generator under the vibration excitation of 10 Hz in the external environment. Figure 6 There are two spectral lines, one is the curve of the change in compression displacement, and the other is the output voltage curve. The compression displacement is used to assist in explaining that the effective electrification of the dielectric triboelectric generator in this embodiment occurs in the compression and release process. The output voltage curve can be combined with an external circuit load of 1 MΩ to calculate approximately 6 W / m 2 . In this case, due to the change of the material from polyurethane to silicone rubber, the elastic compression deformation amount is greatly increased, resulting in a significant increase in the capacitance change rate under compression. Therefore, although its dielectric constant of 2.2 is much lower than that of polyurethane of 6.5, due to the increase in the elastic expansion amount, the output power is still not lower than that of the first embodiment.

[0056] Embodiment Three:

[0057] In this embodiment, the structure of the triboelectric generator is shown in Figure 4 a three-layer dielectric repeating unit structure, including five triboelectric components a and four dielectric components b, a first electrode c1, and a second electrode c2. The triboelectric component includes a first friction layer a1 and a second friction layer a3, which are supported and separated by an elastic support component a2. The dielectric component includes a layer of highly elastic dielectric material layer b1, which is laminated between two triboelectric components. The thickness of the dielectric component is much larger than that of the triboelectric component. The first electrode c1 and the second electrode c2 are respectively arranged above the first friction layer of the topmost triboelectric component and below the second friction layer of the lowermost triboelectric component, and voltage and current are output between the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0058] For the friction generator in this embodiment, the materials of the surfaces where the first friction layer and the second friction layer contact each other need to have a difference in the ability to gain and lose electrons caused by friction, so that after the two surfaces contact and separate from each other, the surfaces of the friction layers carry equal amounts of heterogeneous charges. At the same time, through the application and release of the extrusion stress on both sides of the friction generator, the high elastic medium layer is compressed and released, changing its equivalent capacitance, thereby changing the output voltage waveform between the first electrode and the second electrode, thereby outputting power to the outside.

[0059] This embodiment uses a cylindrical (Φ6.5 cm×8 cm) carbon nanowire silicone rubber composite material (relative dielectric constant: 34.6) with a mass fraction of 3% as the high molecular high elastic dielectric material single layer structure b1.

[0060] The high-molecular high-elastic medium layer has a concave-convex friction layer structure a1 of a micron metal aluminum material with a protrusion height of 15μm on one side, and the other side maintains a polyurethane silicone material body that is sandpapered after mechanical processing as another friction layer a3, and between the two friction layers, a small silicone cylinder (Φ3mm×2mm) elastic medium cast at the four corners of the structure is used as an elastic support component a2. In this embodiment, the friction component a1 is an aluminum metal layer with a height of 15μm, and a3 is a polyurethane silicone body that is sandpapered to increase contact efficiency, and the effective thickness is about 100μm.

[0061] Copper foil with a thickness of 0.1 mm is used as the output electrodes c1 and c2 of the friction generator.

[0062] Figure 7 This is the voltage waveform output between the upper and lower electrodes of the friction generator under external 10Hz vibration excitation and the corresponding spectrum of the compression displacement of the high elastic medium friction generator. Figure 7 There are two spectral lines in the graph, one is the compression displacement change curve, and the other is the output voltage curve. The compression displacement is used to assist in explaining that the effective electrification of the dielectric friction generator in this embodiment occurs in the compression release link. The output voltage curve can be combined with the external circuit load of 1MΩ, which can be calculated to be approximately 26W / m 2 .In this case, compared with Example 2, since the elastic modulus of the carbon nanowire silicone rubber composite material is similar to its polymer matrix silicone rubber, but its dielectric constant is greatly improved from 2.2 to 34.6, its capacitance change rate under compression is greatly improved, resulting in a significant increase in output power.

[0063] Embodiment 4:

[0064] This implementation compares the output characteristics of devices with different dielectric / air gap ratios, including three triboelectric generators, the structures of which are shown in Figure 4Three-layer dielectric repeating unit structure, including five triboelectric components a, four dielectric components b, a first electrode c1 and a second electrode c2. The triboelectric component includes a first friction layer a1 and a second friction layer a3, which are supported and separated by an elastic support component a2. The dielectric component includes a layer of highly elastic dielectric material layer b1, which is laminated between two triboelectric components. The thickness of the dielectric component is much greater than that of the triboelectric component. The first electrode c1 and the second electrode c2 are respectively arranged above the first friction layer of the uppermost triboelectric component and below the second friction layer of the lowermost triboelectric component, and voltage and current are output between the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0065] For the tribogenerator in this embodiment, it is required that the materials of the surfaces where the first friction layer a1 and the second friction layer a2 are in contact with each other have a difference in the ability to gain and lose electrons generated by friction, which makes the surfaces of the friction layers carry equal amounts of opposite charges after the two surfaces are in contact and separated. At the same time, through the application and release of the extrusion stress on both sides of the tribogenerator, the highly elastic dielectric layer is compressed and released, changing its equivalent capacitance, thereby changing the output voltage waveform between the first electrode c1 and the second electrode c2, and thus outputting power externally.

[0066] In this embodiment, cylindrical mass fraction 3% carbon nanotube silicone rubber composites (relative dielectric constant: 34.6) with different thicknesses are used as the single-layer structure b1 of the polymer highly elastic dielectric material, and their sizes are respectively I: Φ6.5 cm × 8 cm; II: Φ6.5 cm × 4 cm; III: Φ6.5 cm × 0.5 cm.

[0067] On one side surface of the polymer highly elastic dielectric layer, a concavo-convex friction layer structure a1 of micron metal aluminum material with a protrusion height of 15 μm is arranged, and the other side maintains the polyurethane silicone material body polished by sandpaper after machining as another friction layer a3. Springs with different heights are used as elastic support components a2 to support between the two friction layers (I: 2 mm; II: 3 cm; III: 6 cm). In this embodiment, in the I, II, and III tribogenerators, the friction component a1 is an aluminum metal layer with a height of 15 μm, and a3 is a polyurethane silicone body polished by sandpaper to increase the contact efficiency, and the effective thickness is about 100 μm.

[0068] Copper foils with a thickness of 0.1 mm are used as the first electrode c1 and the second electrode c2 for the output of the tribogenerator.

[0069] Figure 8 This is a comparison of the voltage peaks and powers output between the upper and lower electrodes of the I, II, and III devices of this tribogenerator under an external vibration excitation of 10 Hz. The output power and voltage peak of the dielectric tribogenerator are significantly improved.

[0070] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0071] In addition, it should be noted that, in the above specific embodiments, the various specific technical features described can be combined in any suitable manner without conflict. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the present disclosure will not separately describe various possible combination manners.

[0072] Furthermore, any combination can be made among the various different embodiments of the present disclosure as long as it does not violate the idea of the present disclosure, and it should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A dielectric friction generator, characterized in that, At least two triboelectric components (a) are arranged between the output electrodes (c), and a dielectric component (b) is arranged in a stacked manner between the triboelectric components (a); the output electrodes (c) lead out the current generated by the triboelectric components (a). The thickness of the dielectric component (b) is 1 to 200 mm. The triboelectric component (a) includes a first friction layer (a1) and a second friction layer (a3) stacked in sequence, and the first friction layer (a1) and the second friction layer (a3) are elastically supported and separated by an elastic support (a2). The material of the first friction layer (a1) is a negative friction material that is easy to gain electrons, and the material of the second friction layer (a3) is a positive friction material that is easy to lose electrons; the material of the first friction layer (a1) is a polymer material or a metal material, and the material of the second friction layer (a3) is a polymer material or a metal material. The output electrode (c) includes a first electrode (c1) and a second electrode (c2), and the first electrode (c1) and the second electrode (c2) are respectively electrically connected to at least one triboelectric component (a). The thickness of the first electrode (c1) is 10 μm to 25 mm, and the thickness of the second electrode (c2) is 10 μm to 25 mm. The thickness of the triboelectric component (a) is 10 nm to 5 mm. The material of the dielectric component (b) is selected from cis-butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, polyurethane rubber, polyacrylate rubber, silicone rubber, fluororubber and polysulfide rubber. When the triboelectric generator is compressed under an external force, the first friction layer (a1) and the second friction layer (a3) of the triboelectric component (a) rub against each other or come into contact to generate charges, and an electric field is formed on both sides of the dielectric component (b). As the external force is released, the thickness of the dielectric component (b) changes greatly to form a changing capacitance, thereby forming a changing potential difference between the first electrode (c1) and the second electrode (c2). Through repeated compression and release, a periodic current signal is formed in the external circuit to achieve triboelectric power generation.

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