A troubleshooting hammer for the sinking operation of a long casing and its usage method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of pile foundation construction in building engineering, and particularly relates to an obstacle-removing hammer for long casing sinking operation and its using method. The obstacle-removing hammer includes a hammer body, a hammer cap arranged above the hammer body, and a hammer bottom arranged below the hammer body. Hammer teeth assemblies are evenly arranged in a circumferential direction around the hammer bottom. A connecting ring is arranged on the hammer cap. When obstacles are encountered during the long casing sinking operation and the long casing cannot continue to sink, after using a grab bucket to remove the soil and rock above the obstacles in the long casing, the long casing is lifted upward, and then the steel wire rope of the hoisting machine is connected to the connecting ring of the obstacle-removing hammer. The obstacle-removing hammer is placed into the long casing. By using the fast release function of the hoisting machine, under the action of gravity, the obstacle-removing hammer quickly impacts the obstacles below the long casing to break and crush the obstacles. In this way, the obstacle-removing hammer is repeatedly lifted and lowered until the obstacles below the long casing are shattered. The present invention has good adaptability and a wide application range, providing a better solution for the situation where the long casing sinking operation encounters resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of pile foundation construction of building engineering, and specifically relates to a long casing sinking operation troubleshooting hammer and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In foundation engineering construction, due to environmental protection requirements and geological conditions of the formation, the application of traditional mud wall protection technology is increasingly restricted. In recent years, the long casing wall protection technology has emerged. It is a construction method that connects multiple casing sections of a certain length together, presses the long casing throughout the entire pile depth range, and uses manual, grab, rotary drilling, impact drilling and other methods to take soil and form holes. After the hole is formed, the steel cage is suspended and concrete is poured, and then the long casing is pulled out. Due to the support and sealing effect of the long casing on the formation, the collapse, necking, difficulty in cleaning the hole, leakage and other problems of the pile hole are avoided.

[0003] The common methods of pressing long casings include the casing driver built into the drilling rig, the pipe rolling machine, the full rotary drilling rig, and the vibration. The above pressing methods all have the problem that when the bottom of the long casing passes through the backfill stratum containing hard blocks, dense sand and gravel strata, and other harder strata, the long casing will not be able to continue to sink. According to the design, the borehole must pass through these obstacles and reach the set bearing layer to meet the needs.

[0004] When encountering obstacles during the long casing pressing process, the following methods are currently commonly used:

[0005] The first method, when the obstacle is backfilled rocks, uses a conventional grab bucket to repeatedly grab and gradually grab the rocks one by one. This method fails when encountering rocks with a diameter larger than the diameter of the long casing. It is also ineffective for dense sand and gravel formations and other harder formations.

[0006] The second method is to use a hole-forming machine to continue drilling down in the long casing, so that a cylindrical space smaller than the diameter of the long casing is formed at the bottom of the bottom of the long casing, which is equivalent to forming an "air-facing surface" to reduce the resistance to the subsequent pressing operation. However, the problem with this method is that when the part of the long casing exposed to the ground is higher than the maximum lifting height of the drilling machine drill, the drilling rig drill cannot enter the interior of the long casing. In actual construction, due to the uncertainty of the buried depth of obstacles, the height at which the long casing may be exposed to the ground is also uncertain. Therefore, the second method is sometimes not applicable. In addition, this method forms a hole with a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the long casing at the bottom of the long casing, and the bottom of the long casing is still above the harder rock layer. When the layer density is good and the hardness is high, the resistance to the pressing operation is still relatively large. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention aims to solve the defects and deficiencies in the prior art and provides an obstacle-removing hammer for the sinking operation of a long casing and its usage method.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is an obstacle-removing hammer for the sinking operation of a long casing, which includes a hammer body, a hammer cap arranged above the hammer body, and a hammer bottom arranged below the hammer body. The hammer teeth assembly is evenly arranged in a circumferential direction around the hammer bottom, and a connecting ring is arranged on the hammer cap.

[0009] The hammer body is a cylindrical steel member, and centering wheels are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the hammer body.

[0010] The hammer bottom is an arc-shaped steel member, and the diameter of the hammer bottom is smaller than that of the hammer body.

[0011] An exhaust passage for penetrating through the hammer cap, the hammer body, and the hammer bottom is further arranged on the obstacle-removing hammer.

[0012] Impact edges are arranged on the hammer bottom. The impact edges are evenly distributed radially from the center of the hammer bottom surface, and impact-resistant alloys are welded on the impact edges.

[0013] The hammer teeth assembly includes a hammer tooth body, a front baffle, a rear baffle, a hammer tooth pin, and two support plates. A pin hole for installing the hammer tooth pin is arranged on the hammer tooth body. The support plates are installed at the bottom of the hammer body, and jacks corresponding to the pin holes are arranged on the support plates. The hammer tooth pin passes through the jacks and the pin holes to install the hammer tooth body between the two support plates. The front baffle and the rear baffle are respectively arranged at both ends of the two support plates to form a rectangular limiting cavity.

[0014] The hammer tooth body is provided with a cutting inclined surface facing the hammer bottom.

[0015] A usage method of the obstacle-removing hammer for the sinking operation of a long casing. When obstacles are encountered during the sinking operation of the long casing in the pile hole and the long casing cannot continue to sink, the rock and soil above the obstacles in the long casing are taken out. Then, the steel wire rope of the hoisting machine is connected to the connecting ring of the obstacle-removing hammer, and the obstacle-removing hammer is put into the long casing and lowered to impact the obstacles in the pile hole. The obstacle-removing hammer is repeatedly lifted and lowered by the hoisting machine until the obstacles in the pile hole are broken.

[0016] The steps of the method are as follows:

[0017] Step 1): Use earth-taking equipment to dig out the rock and soil in the long casing.

[0018] Step 2): Use the long casing pressing-in machine to lift the long casing by 30 - 50 cm and set the working surface of the hoisting machine outside the long casing.

[0019] Step 3): Connect the steel wire rope of the lifting machine to the obstacle removing hammer.

[0020] Step 4): Use the lifting machine to place the obstacle removing hammer into the long casing, and form a height difference of 3 - 5 m between the obstacle removing hammer and the top of the obstacle.

[0021] Step 5): Use the fast - release function of the lifting machine to make the obstacle removing hammer fall freely towards the bottom of the pile hole.

[0022] Step 6): Use the lifting machine to lift the obstacle removing hammer in the long casing to form a height difference of 3 - 5 m between the obstacle removing hammer and the top of the obstacle, and use the fast - release function of the lifting machine to make the obstacle removing hammer fall freely towards the bottom of the pile hole, so that the potential energy of the obstacle removing hammer is converted into the energy for impacting the obstacle.

[0023] Step 7): Repeat Step 6) until the obstacle in the pile hole is broken, then stop further impact, and use the lifting machine to remove the obstacle removing hammer from the long casing.

[0024] Step 8): Use the soil - taking equipment to dig out the rock and soil in the pile hole, and form a cylindrical space with a diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the long casing below the long casing.

[0025] Step 9): Lower the long casing to continue its sinking operation.

[0026] The steps of the method further include Step 10) after Step 9). Step 10) is that during the process of the long casing continuing to complete the sinking operation, if an obstacle is encountered and the long casing cannot continue to sink and complete, repeat Steps 4) to 9).

[0027] Advantages of the present invention:

[0028] The present invention provides an obstacle removing hammer for the sinking operation of a long casing and its using method. The present invention is applicable to the situation where, after the long casing is pressed into a certain depth by various different methods, when encountering hard backfilled boulders, dense sandy pebble strata, and one or several combined situations of other harder strata, and the long casing cannot continue to sink. After using the obstacle removing hammer to break the obstacle directly below the long casing, use a grab bucket to take out the broken materials and form a cylindrical space with a certain depth and a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the long casing below the long casing, so that the long casing can pass through the stratum with obstacles under the action of the pressing equipment. The present invention has good adaptability and a wide application range, and provides a better solution for the situation where the sinking operation of the long casing encounters obstacles. Description of the drawings

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the obstacle removing hammer of an obstacle removing hammer for the sinking operation of a long casing and its using method according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a long casing sinking operation troubleshooting hammer and a method of using the troubleshooting hammer of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the hammer bottom of a long casing sinking operation troubleshooting hammer and a method of using the troubleshooting hammer of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a hammer tooth assembly of a troubleshooting hammer for long casing sinking operation and a method for using the troubleshooting hammer of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the raised part of the hammer tooth body of the troubleshooting hammer for long casing sinking operation and the use method of the troubleshooting hammer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, which only illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner. The direction of this specific implementation is to Figure 1 Direction is standard.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, a long casing sinking operation troubleshooting hammer includes a hammer body 1, a hammer cap 2 arranged above the hammer body 1, and a hammer bottom 3 arranged below the hammer body 1. The hammer bottom 3 is evenly ringed with a hammer tooth assembly 4 in the circumferential direction, and the hammer cap 2 is provided with a connecting ring 5.

[0036] The present invention is suitable for the situation that after the long casing is pressed to a certain depth by various different methods, one or several situations are combined when hard backfill block stones, dense sand and gravel strata, and other harder strata are encountered, and the long casing cannot be further sunk. After the obstacle directly below the long casing is destroyed by an obstacle clearing hammer, the broken objects are taken out by a grab bucket to form a cylindrical space with a certain depth and a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the long casing below the long casing, so that the long casing can pass through the stratum with obstacles under the action of the pressing equipment. The present invention has good adaptability and a wide range of applications, and provides a better solution to the obstacles encountered in the long casing sinking operation.

[0037] The connecting ring 5 is a circular ring-shaped structure, and its function is to be connected with a button at one end of a steel wire rope 7 of a lifting machine 6 to transmit the lifting force of the lifting machine 6 to the obstacle clearing hammer.

[0038] The hammer cap 2 is a conical component whose lower bottom surface is consistent with the upper surface of the hammer body 1. Its function is to provide a fulcrum and connection point for the connecting ring 5, and to evenly distribute the upward lifting force of the connecting ring 5 to the hammer body 1 of the obstacle clearing hammer.

[0039] The hammer body 1 is a cylindrical steel component, and the outer side of the hammer body 1 is symmetrically provided with straightening wheels 11.

[0040] On the outer side of the hammer body 1, two groups of 4 universal bull's-eye alignment wheels 11 are installed. One group of the two groups of alignment wheels 11 is located on the outer side of the upper half of the hammer body 1, and the other group is located on the outer side of the lower half of the hammer body 1. Each group has four alignment wheels 11 and each group of alignment wheels 11 is installed at the same height of the hammer body 1. The 4 alignment wheels 11 are symmetrically paired. Under the restraint of the two groups of alignment wheels 11, when the hammer body 1 moves up and down, its center of gravity always remains on the central axis of the long casing, realizing that the hammer body 1 moves straight up and down without tilting.

[0041] The hammer bottom 3 is an arc-shaped steel member, and the diameter of the hammer bottom 3 is smaller than the diameter of the hammer body 1. This can leave a position for installing the hammer tooth assembly 4.

[0042] An exhaust passage 12 for penetrating the hammer cap 2, the hammer body 1 and the hammer bottom 3 is also provided on the obstacle-removing hammer. The exhaust passage 12 is used to discharge or suck in air and mud when the obstacle-removing hammer moves up and down to reduce the resistance of air and mud.

[0043] As Figure 3 shown, impact ridges 31 are provided on the hammer bottom 3. The impact ridges 31 are radially and evenly distributed on the hammer bottom 3 starting from the center of the surface of the hammer bottom 3, and impact-resistant alloys are welded on the impact ridges 31.

[0044] The hammer bottom 3 is a solid steel structure in the shape of a pot bottom. The flat side is tightly welded to the bottom of the hammer body 1. Impact-resistant alloys are welded on the surface of the convex side of the hammer bottom 3. When the bottom of the obstacle-removing hammer impacts the rock at the bottom of the hole, these impact-resistant alloys act on the rock mass to break it. Since the hammer bottom 3 is an arc structure, after the vertically downward impact force of the obstacle-removing hammer hits the rock at the bottom of the hole, a component force pointing to the side of the pile hole wall will also be generated, pushing the drill cuttings to the hole side, and then under the action of the hammer tooth assembly 4, the drill cuttings are squeezed against the pile hole wall to make the hole wall more dense.

[0045] As Figure 4 shown, the hammer tooth assembly 4 includes a hammer tooth body 41, a front baffle 42, a rear baffle 44, a hammer tooth pin 45 and two support plates 43. A pin hole for installing the hammer tooth pin 45 is provided on the hammer tooth body 41. The support plates 43 are installed at the bottom of the hammer body 1, and the support plates 43 are provided with insertion holes corresponding to the pin holes. The hammer tooth pin 45 passes through the insertion holes and the pin holes to install the hammer tooth body 41 between the two support plates 43. The front baffle 42 and the rear baffle 44 are respectively arranged at both ends of the two support plates 43 to form a rectangular limiting cavity. The number of hammer tooth assemblies 4 on each obstacle-removing hammer is determined by the diameter of the hammer body 1 of the obstacle-removing hammer. These hammer tooth assemblies 4 are evenly distributed within the outer edge of the bottom of the hammer body 1 and outside the outer edge of the hammer bottom 3 and are annularly distributed at the bottom of the obstacle-removing hammer.

[0046] The hammer tooth body 41 is provided with a cutting inclined surface facing the hammer bottom 3.

[0047] The support plate 43 is a relatively thick rectangular steel plate, and a jacking hole with a diameter consistent with the outer diameter of the hammer tooth pin 45 is opened at the center of the steel plate for passing through the hammer tooth pin 45. Each hammer tooth assembly 4 has two support plates 43 welded and fixed perpendicular to the bottom of the hammer body 1 at an interval equal to the diameter of the hammer tooth body 41. After the two support plates 43 are welded and fixed, a rear baffle 44 is welded on the side facing the inside of the hammer body 1 to limit the rotation of the hammer tooth body 41 in the direction of the pile, and a front baffle 42 is welded on the side facing the outside of the hammer body 1 to limit the rotation angle of the hammer tooth body 41 in the direction outside the pile.

[0048] As Figure 5 shown, the hammer tooth body 41 is a convex-shaped cast steel body. A pin hole is provided on the protruding part of the hammer tooth body 41. The diameter of the pin hole is consistent with that of the jacking hole of the support plate 43. When the hammer tooth body 41 is sleeved into the gap between the two support plates 43, the jacking hole and the pin hole are connected to form a through hole. The hammer tooth pin 45 can be inserted into this hole. The hammer tooth body 41 constrained by the hammer tooth pin 45 can rotate within the constraint range of the front and rear baffles. As Figure 4 shown, the part below the protrusion of the hammer tooth body 41 is a trapezoid body with a cutting inclined surface. An impact-resistant alloy material is welded on the cutting inclined surface of the trapezoid body. During the operation of the obstacle-removing hammer, the cutting inclined surface directly acts on the rock at the bottom of the hole to break the rock blocks. Since there is a cutting inclined surface at the lower part of the hammer tooth body 41, when it acts vertically on the rock at the bottom of the hole, a component force pointing to the pile hole wall will be generated while breaking the rock, and this component force causes the hammer tooth body 41 to rotate in the direction of the pile hole wall and at the same time squeezes the drill cuttings towards the hole wall.

[0049] Since the hammer tooth body 41 is rotatable, when the hammer tooth body 41 is perpendicular to the bottom of the hole, its projected diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the long casing, so the obstacle-removing hammer equipped with this hammer tooth body 41 can move up and down freely in the long casing.

[0050] Since the hammer tooth body 41 is rotatable, when the hammer tooth body 41 impacts the rock at the bottom of the hole vertically, the hammer tooth body 41 rotates in the direction of the pile hole wall. Under the impact of the obstacle-removing hammer, a hole with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the long casing is gradually formed at the bottom of the hole. This enables the long casing to sink easily under the action of the casing pressing machine.

[0051] As Figure 2As shown in the figure, a method for using a troubleshooting hammer for the sinking operation of a long casing. When the long casing encounters an obstacle during the sinking operation in the pile hole and cannot continue to sink, the rock and soil above the obstacle in the long casing are removed. Then, the steel wire rope 7 of the hoisting machine 6 is connected to the connecting ring 5 of the troubleshooting hammer. The troubleshooting hammer is placed into the long casing and lowered to impact the obstacle in the pile hole. The hoisting machine 6 is used to repeatedly lift and lower the troubleshooting hammer until the obstacle in the pile hole is broken. The hoisting machine 6 includes a winch with pulling and releasing functions, and the winch is connected to the steel wire rope 7 to enable the steel wire rope 7 to move back and forth quickly. The troubleshooting hammer connected to the steel wire rope 7 can be quickly lifted and lowered through the boom alignment wheel on the boom.

[0052] The steps of the method are as follows:

[0053] Step 1): Use earth-taking equipment to dig out the rock and soil in the long casing.

[0054] Step 2): Use the long casing pressing machine to lift the long casing by 30 - 50 cm, and set up the working surface of the hoisting machine 6 outside the long casing. The long casing pressing machine can be a pipe ramming machine or a vibrating hammer.

[0055] Step 3): Connect the steel wire rope 7 of the hoisting machine 6 to the troubleshooting hammer.

[0056] Step 4): Use the hoisting machine 6 to place the troubleshooting hammer into the long casing, and form a height difference of 3 - 5 m between the troubleshooting hammer and the top of the obstacle.

[0057] Step 5): Utilize the fast release function of the hoisting machine to make the troubleshooting hammer fall freely towards the bottom of the pile hole.

[0058] Step 6): Use the hoisting machine 6 to lift the troubleshooting hammer in the long casing until a height difference of 3 - 5 m is formed between the troubleshooting hammer and the top of the obstacle, and utilize the fast release function of the hoisting machine to make the troubleshooting hammer fall freely towards the bottom of the pile hole, converting the potential energy of the troubleshooting hammer into the energy for impacting the obstacle.

[0059] Step 7): Repeat Step 6) until the obstacle in the pile hole is broken, then stop the continuous impact, and use the hoisting machine 6 to remove the troubleshooting hammer from the long casing.

[0060] Step 8): Use earth-taking equipment to dig out the rock and soil in the pile hole to form a cylindrical space with a diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the long casing below the long casing.

[0061] Step 9): Lower the long casing to continue with the sinking operation.

[0062] The steps of the method also include Step 10) after Step 9). Step 10) is that during the process of the long casing continuing to complete the sinking operation, if an obstacle is encountered and the long casing cannot continue to sink, then repeat Steps 4) to 9).

[0063] Steps 2) and 4) can prevent the hammer tooth assembly 4 of the troubleshooting hammer from scraping the inner wall of the long casing.

[0064] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A troubleshooting hammer for the sinking operation of a long casing, characterized in that: It includes a hammer body (1), a hammer cap (2) arranged above the hammer body (1), and a hammer base (3) arranged below the hammer body (1). The hammer teeth assembly (4) is evenly arranged in a circumferential ring on the hammer base (3), and a connecting ring (5) is arranged on the hammer cap (2); The hammer body (1) is a cylindrical steel member, and centering wheels (11) are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the hammer body (1); The hammer base (3) is an arc-shaped steel member, and the diameter of the hammer base (3) is smaller than that of the hammer body (1); An exhaust passage (12) for penetrating the hammer cap (2), the hammer body (1) and the hammer base (3) is also arranged on the obstacle-removing hammer; Impact edges (31) are arranged on the hammer base (3), and the impact edges (31) are evenly distributed radially on the hammer base (3) starting from the center of the surface of the hammer base (3), and impact-resistant alloys are welded on the impact edges (31); The hammer teeth assembly (4) includes a hammer tooth body (41), a front baffle (42), a rear baffle (44), a hammer tooth pin (45) and two support plates (43). A pin hole for installing the hammer tooth pin (45) is arranged on the hammer tooth body (41). The support plates (43) are installed at the bottom of the hammer body (1), and the support plates (43) are provided with jacks corresponding to the pin holes. The hammer tooth pin (45) passes through the jacks and the pin holes to install the hammer tooth body (41) between the two support plates (43). The front baffle (42) and the rear baffle (44) are respectively arranged at both ends of the two support plates (43) to form a rectangular limiting cavity; The hammer tooth body (41) is provided with a cutting inclined surface facing the hammer base (3); Two groups of 4 centering wheels (11) are installed on the outer side of the hammer body (1). One group of the two groups of centering wheels (11) is located on the outer side of the upper half of the hammer body (1), and the other group is located on the outer side of the lower half of the hammer body (1). Each group has four centering wheels (11) and each group of centering wheels (11) is installed at the same height of the hammer body (1).

2. A method for using a troubleshooting hammer for the sinking operation of a long casing, which is recited in claim 1, characterized in that: When the long casing encounters an obstacle during the sinking operation in the pile hole and the long casing cannot continue to sink, the soil and rock above the obstacle in the long casing are taken out, and then the steel wire rope (7) of the hoisting machine (6) is connected to the connecting ring (5) of the obstacle-removing hammer. The obstacle-removing hammer is put into the long casing and the obstacle-removing hammer is lowered to impact the obstacle in the pile hole. The obstacle-removing hammer is repeatedly lifted and lowered by the hoisting machine (6) until the obstacle in the pile hole is broken.

3. The method for using the obstacle-removing hammer for sinking long casing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps of the method are as follows: Step 1): Dig out the soil and rock in the long casing with a soil-taking device; Step 2): Lift the long casing by 30 - 50 cm with a long casing pressing-in machine to set the working surface of the hoisting machine (6) outside the long casing; Step 3): Connect the steel wire rope (7) of the hoisting machine (6) to the obstacle-removing hammer; Step 4): Put the obstacle-removing hammer into the long casing with the hoisting machine (6) and form a height difference of 3 - 5 m between the obstacle-removing hammer and the top of the obstacle; Step 5), use the quick release function of the hoisting machine to make the obstacle removal hammer fall freely towards the bottom of the pile hole; Step 6), use the hoisting machine (6) to lift the obstacle removal hammer in the long casing until a height difference of 3 - 5 m is formed between the obstacle removal hammer and the top of the obstacle, and use the quick release function of the hoisting machine to make the obstacle removal hammer fall freely towards the bottom of the pile hole, so that the potential energy of the obstacle removal hammer is converted into the energy for impacting the obstacle; Step 7), repeat Step 6) until the obstacle in the pile hole is broken, then stop further impact, and use the hoisting machine (6) to remove the obstacle removal hammer from the long casing; Step 8), use the soil extraction equipment to dig out the rock and soil in the pile hole to form a cylindrical space with a diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the long casing below the long casing; Step 9), lower the long casing to continue its sinking operation.

4. The method for using the obstacle-removing hammer for the sinking operation of the long casing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The steps of the method further include Step 10) after Step 9), and Step 10) is that during the process of the long casing continuing to complete the sinking operation, if an obstacle is encountered and the long casing cannot continue to sink, then repeat Steps 4) to 9).

Images