A control facility and method for reducing siltation and preventing displacement of sediment in front of a flood discharge power generation dam
By setting up a structure of sand blocking gantry, sand guide wall and sand collection basket in front of the flood discharge power dam, using the sand-holding force and gravity of the water flow to screen and transfer the quality, the problems of river blockage and hydrocarbon buildings are solved, and the reservoir is realized The reduction of silt and the effective treatment of transfer quality protect the generator set and flow path.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202011140628.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2020-10-22
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-13
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
The existence of silt and sand in rivers has caused the river channel to be blocked, the flood control standards are lowered, and the hydrocarbon buildings are damaged. The existing technology is insufficient in the operation of reservoirs and river siltation.
A sand blocking gantry, a sand guide wall and a sand collecting basket are installed before the flood discharge power dam. The sand blocking gantry is an arc-shaped reinforced concrete structure, the sand guide wall is an hourglass and triangle-shaped sand trapping runner, and the sand trapping basket is grid-shaped The frame structure uses sand-bearing force and gravity of the water flow to screen different sizes of the transfer mass to prevent it from entering the flood discharge channel.
Effectively prevent the damage of sludge to hydraulic buildings by sludge, reduce the sludge range of reservoirs, protect the generator set, improve the anti-absorbing ability of the water flow state, and achieve economic benefits by collecting sludge.
Smart Images
Figure CN112127330B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and in particular to a control facility and method for reducing siltation and preventing displacement of material in front of a flood discharge power generation dam. Background Art
[0002] There are a lot of bedload and suspended sediment in rivers with a lot of sediment, including large-grained sand and gravel and coarse-grained sediment, etc. These gravel and gravel and coarse-grained sediment are easy to cause river blockage, reduce flood control standards, cause damage to both banks, and increase the cost of river blockage control.
[0003] In years with abundant water inflow, the flood discharge is carried out with "large flow, high sand content and long duration". The high-velocity water flow continuously erodes the original sand and gravel riverbed, generating a large amount of bedload, which damages hydraulic structures such as the sand discharge bottom holes, sand discharge tunnel flow channels, and energy dissipation pools in the concrete dam section, increasing the maintenance cost of the hydraulic structures.
[0004] Domestically, the engineering application of anti-flooding is mainly concentrated in water diversion and water intake projects, and there is not much research and application in reservoir operation and river dredging. Summary of the invention
[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a control facility and method for reducing siltation and preventing displacement of sediment in front of a flood discharge power generation dam involved in reservoir operation.
[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
[0007] A control facility for reducing siltation and preventing displacement of sediment in front of a flood discharge power generation dam, which is arranged in front of the flood discharge power generation dam section, and includes a sand retaining bank, a sand guide wall and a sand collection basket arranged in sequence according to the flow direction of the flood discharge. The sand retaining bank is composed of a number of sand retaining bank units made of cast-in-place reinforced concrete arranged at intervals. The sand retaining bank is an arc-shaped structure as a whole, with the middle part in the horizontal direction being a horizontal section, and the two side parts rising in a slope shape; the sand retaining bank unit is trapezoidal in longitudinal section, rectangular in lower part, with a guide angle provided on the top water-facing surface, and anti-slip piles provided on the bottom, which are inserted into the riverbed backfill concrete for connection and fixation; the sand guide wall is arranged close to the back water surface of the sand retaining bank, and the sand guide wall is made of reinforced concrete, and consists of a first hourglass-shaped sand guide wall located in the middle and two second sand guide walls symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first sand guide wall, the cross-section of the second sand guide wall is triangular, and the sand guide wall faces the first sand guide wall. The inner side surfaces are all arc-shaped. The main flow area of the bed load is between the two second sand guide walls and the first sand guide wall, that is, the sand guide flow channel. The front end face of the first sand guide wall is connected to the middle unit of the sand barrier and is at the same horizontal height. The front end face of the second sand guide wall is connected to the sand barrier units that rise in a slope at both ends of the sand barrier, and the height of the sand barrier connected to them is the same. The height of the first sand guide wall is consistent from top to bottom, and changes in a wave-like manner from the middle to both sides in the horizontal direction; the height of the second sand guide wall gradually decreases from the upstream direction to the downstream direction, and the horizontal height is the same; anti-slip piles are provided at the bottom of the first sand guide wall and the two second sand guide walls, and the anti-slip piles are fixedly connected to the riverbed; the two sand collection baskets are arranged at the rear end of the sand guide wall, respectively arranged at the corresponding positions on the inner rear ends of the first sand guide wall and the second sand guide wall, and located at the front end of the sand discharge bottom hole or the entrance of the sand discharge hole.
[0008] Furthermore, the spacing between the adjacent sand barrier units is 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the height of the sand barrier units.
[0009] Furthermore, the slope of the above-mentioned sand barrier from the middle to the two ends is 10° to 30°.
[0010] Furthermore, the above-mentioned sand collection basket is a grid-like steel frame structure, which is welded by three vertical side grid plates and a bottom plate, and the four corners of the top of the side grid frame are provided with lifting rings.
[0011] Furthermore, the bottom plate of the sand collecting basket is replaced by a steel plate, and a grid-shaped lateral cover is provided at the upstream side of the sand collecting basket near the bottom plate. The lateral cover is rotated by hinges to bring the bed load in front of the sand collecting basket into the sand collecting basket and hoist it out.
[0012] A method for controlling silt reduction and displacement prevention in front of a flood discharge power generation dam, which is realized by the above-mentioned control facility for controlling silt reduction and displacement prevention in front of a flood discharge power generation dam, is used as follows:
[0013] Case 1: The bed load that moves in a "rolling and sliding" manner along the riverbed at the bottom of the water flow is blocked by the sand barrier and will gather along the arc-shaped upstream edge of the sand barrier to the middle sand barrier unit. During the movement, it passes through the reserved gaps between the sand barrier units and enters the sand guide channel between the first sand guide wall and the second sand guide wall. Because the cross-sectional water flow area between the sand barriers suddenly decreases, the water flow velocity in this area increases significantly, which improves the sand-carrying force of the water flow and is beneficial to the transportation and scouring of suspended load in the area in front of the sand barrier;
[0014] Case 2: When the above case 1 occurs, due to the accumulation of a large amount of bed load, the bed load in a "jumping" motion state jumps over the sand barrier and reaches the top of the sand guide wall. Since the first sand guide wall is high in the middle and low on both sides, the bed load of different sizes and weights can be classified and screened into different sand guide channels under the action of hydraulic power and gravity; the coarser bed load moves along the edge of the sand guide channel to the sand collection basket, and the finer bed load flows directly downstream in the concave sand guide channel at the top of the first sand guide wall without passing through the sand collection basket; this structure of the sand guide wall is conducive to the introduction of surface flow with relatively small sand content at the inlet of the power generation hole, thereby protecting the generator set;
[0015] The sand collection basket is arranged at the end of the sand guide channel to collect sand, gravel and coarse sand. During the water flow, the frame structure of the sand collection basket can effectively prevent the bed load from entering the flood discharge channel, which can not only protect the channel from the erosion and impact damage of large volume bed load, but also prevent the bed load from silting up under the dam. After the sand collection basket is full of bed load, it is lifted to the dam surface through the lifting ring for transportation and treatment.
[0016] Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages:
[0017] The silt reduction and bed load control facility in front of the flood discharge power generation dam can solve the damage of bed load to the flow channel of hydraulic structures, and can also effectively solve the siltation of the reservoir in front of the flood discharge power generation dam section, and also effectively extend and reduce the siltation range of the reservoir; the edges of the sand retaining bank and the sand guide wall are rounded to minimize the scouring and abrasion effects of the water flow state on the silt reduction and bed load control facility in front of the power generation dam; the bottom surface of the sand guide flow channel can be hardened to improve the resistance to abrasion and scouring, and optimize the water flow state; the bed load in the sand collection basket can be comprehensively utilized after being collected, which has high economic benefits, a wide range of applications, and good promotion and application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the silt reduction and displacement control facility in front of the flood discharge power generation dam of the present invention;
[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of Part I;
[0020] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The structural diagram of the sand collecting basket in FIG.
[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the silt reduction and displacement control facility in front of the flood discharge power generation dam of the present invention;
[0022] Figure 5 It is a side view structural schematic diagram of the silt reduction and displacement control facility in front of the flood discharge power generation dam of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the silt reduction and displacement control facility in front of the flood discharge power generation dam of the present invention;
[0024] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the upward structure of the silt reduction and displacement control facility in front of the flood discharge power generation dam of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the cross section along the A-A direction;
[0026] Fig. 9 yes Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the cross section along the B-B direction;
[0027] Fig.10 yes Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the C-C section;
[0028] Fig.11 yes Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the D-D section;
[0029] Fig.12 yes Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the E-E section;
[0030] In the figure: 1-anti-slide piles; 2-first sand guide wall; 3-sand barrier unit; 4 (a, b)-sand guide channel; 5 (a, b)-second sand guide wall; 6-flood discharge power generation dam section; 7-sand discharge tunnel channel; 8 (a, b)-sand collection basket; 8.1-side grid plate; 8.2-bottom grid plate; 8.3-lifting ring; 9-generator set. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0032] like Figures 1 to 12As shown, the silt reduction and displacement control facility in front of the flood discharge power generation dam is arranged in front of the flood discharge power generation dam section, and includes a sand barrier, a sand guide wall and a sand collection basket arranged in sequence according to the flow direction of the flood discharge. The sand barrier is composed of a number of sand barrier units 3 made of cast-in-place reinforced concrete arranged at intervals. The sand barrier is an arc-shaped structure as a whole, with the middle part in the horizontal direction being a horizontal section and the two side parts rising in a slope shape; the longitudinal section of the sand barrier unit 3 is a trapezoid, the lower part is a rectangle, the top water-facing surface is provided with a guide angle, and the bottom is provided with an anti-slip pile 1, the anti-slip The piles are inserted into the riverbed backfill concrete for connection and fixation, and have anti-scouring function, which can keep the position of the sand barrier stable; the sand guide wall is arranged close to the backwater surface of the sand barrier, and the sand guide wall is made of reinforced concrete, and is composed of an hourglass-shaped first sand guide wall 2 located in the middle, and a second sand guide wall 5a and a second sand guide wall 5b symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first sand guide wall. The cross section of the second sand guide wall is triangular, and the inner side facing the first sand guide wall is arc-shaped. The area between the two second sand guide walls and the first sand guide wall is the main flow area of the bedload, that is, the sand guide wall. The front end face of the first sand guide wall 2 is connected to the middle unit of the sand barrier and has the same horizontal height as the sand barrier. The front end face of the second sand guide wall is connected to the sand barrier units at both ends of the sand barrier, and has the same height as the sand barrier connected to them. The height of the first sand guide wall is consistent from top to bottom, and the horizontal direction changes in a wave-like manner from the middle to both sides. According to the requirements of control and hydraulic mechanics, a smooth transition is made, so that coarser and larger bedload is pushed along the bottom wall of the first sand guide wall under the action of hydraulic force, and general conventional sediment is in the concave position in the middle of the first sand guide wall. flow, the height of the second sand guide wall gradually decreases from the upstream direction to the downstream direction, and the horizontal height is equal; the first sand guide wall and the two second sand guide walls are provided with anti-slip piles 1 at the bottom, and the anti-slip piles are fixedly connected to the riverbed; the sand collecting basket 8a and the sand collecting basket 8b are arranged at the rear end of the sand guide wall, the sand collecting basket 8a is arranged at the inner rear end corresponding to the first sand guide wall 2 and the second sand guide wall 5a, and the sand collecting basket 8b is arranged at the inner rear end corresponding to the first sand guide wall 2 and the second sand guide wall 5b, and is located at the front end of the sand discharge bottom hole or the entrance of the sand discharge hole.
[0033] The distance between the adjacent sand barrier units is 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the height of the sand barrier units.
[0034] The slope of the above-mentioned sand barrier from the middle to the two ends is 10° to 30°.
[0035] The sand collecting basket is a grid-like steel frame structure, which is welded by three vertical side grid plates 8.1 and a grid bottom plate 8.2, and the four corners of the top of the lateral grid frame are provided with hanging rings 8.3.
[0036] The bottom plate of the above-mentioned sand collecting basket is replaced by a steel plate. At the same time, a grid-shaped lateral cover is arranged at the upstream side of the sand collecting basket close to the bottom plate. The lateral cover is rotated by hinges to bring the bed load in front of the sand collecting basket into the sand collecting basket and lift it out.
[0037] The method for controlling silt reduction and preventing displacement in front of a flood discharge power generation dam of the present invention is realized by the above-mentioned control facility for controlling silt reduction and preventing displacement in front of a flood discharge power generation dam, and the application conditions are as follows:
[0038] Case 1: The bed load at the bottom of the water flow moves in a "rolling and sliding" manner along the riverbed. Blocked by the sand barrier, it will gather along the arc-shaped upstream edge to the middle sand barrier unit. During the movement, it passes through the reserved gaps between the sand barrier units and enters the sand guide channel 4a between the first sand guide wall 2 and the second sand guide wall 5a, and the sand guide channel 4b between the first sand guide wall 2 and the second sand guide wall 5b. Because the cross-sectional water flow area between the sand barriers suddenly decreases, the water flow velocity in this area increases significantly, which improves the sand entrainment force of the water flow, which is beneficial to the transportation and scouring of suspended load in the area in front of the sand barrier.
[0039] Case 2: When the above case 1 occurs, due to the accumulation of a large amount of bed load, the bed load in a "jumping" motion state will jump over the sand barrier and reach the top of the sand guide wall. Since the first sand guide wall is high in the middle and low on both sides, the bed load of different sizes and weights can be classified and screened into different sand guide channels under the action of hydraulic power and gravity. The coarser bed load moves along the edge of the sand guide channel to the sand collection basket, and the finer bed load flows directly downstream in the concave sand guide channel at the top of the first sand guide wall without passing through the sand collection basket. This structure of the sand guide wall is conducive to introducing surface flow with relatively small sand content into the inlet of the power generation hole, which can protect the generator set.
[0040] The sand collection basket is arranged at the end of the sand guide channel to collect sand, gravel and coarse sand. During the water flow, the frame structure of the sand collection basket can effectively prevent the bed load from entering the flood discharge channel, which can not only protect the channel from the erosion and impact damage of large volume bed load, but also prevent the bed load from silting up under the dam. After the sand collection basket is full of bed load, it is lifted to the dam surface through the lifting ring for transportation and treatment.
[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the patent application of the present invention shall fall within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A flood discharge power generation dam front silt reduction and displacement control facility, characterized by: The dam is provided in front of the flood discharge power generation dam section, and includes a sand retaining bank, a sand guiding wall and a sand collecting basket which are arranged in sequence according to the flood discharge direction. The sand retaining bank is composed of a number of sand retaining bank units made of cast-in-place reinforced concrete arranged at intervals. The sand retaining bank is an arc-shaped structure as a whole, with the middle part in the horizontal direction being a horizontal section, and the two side parts rising in an inclined manner; the longitudinal section of the sand retaining bank unit is trapezoidal, the lower part is rectangular, the top water-facing surface is provided with a guide angle, and the bottom is provided with anti-slip piles, which are inserted into the riverbed backfill concrete for connection and fixation; the sand guiding wall is arranged close to the back water surface of the sand retaining bank, and the sand guiding wall is made of reinforced concrete, and consists of a first hourglass-shaped sand guiding wall in the middle and two second sand guiding walls symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first sand guiding wall. The cross-section of the second sand guiding wall is triangular, and the inner side surfaces facing the first sand guiding wall are arc-shaped. The main flow area of the bed load is between the two second sand guiding walls and the first sand guiding wall, that is, the sand guiding flow channel. The first sand guide wall is connected to the middle unit of the sand bank and has the same horizontal height as the sand bank. The front end face of the second sand guide wall is connected to the sand bank units that rise in a slope at both ends of the sand bank, and the height of the sand bank connected to them is equal. The height of the first sand guide wall is consistent from top to bottom, and changes in a wave-like manner from the middle to both sides in the horizontal direction; the height of the second sand guide wall gradually decreases from the upstream direction to the downstream direction, and the horizontal height is equal; the first sand guide wall and the two second sand guide walls are provided with anti-slip piles at the bottom, and the anti-slip piles are fixedly connected to the riverbed; the two sand collecting baskets are arranged at the rear end of the sand guide wall, respectively arranged at the corresponding positions on the inner rear ends of the first sand guide wall and the second sand guide wall, and located at the front end of the sand discharge bottom hole or the entrance of the sand discharge hole; the sand collecting basket is a grid-like steel frame structure, which is welded by three vertical side grid plates and a bottom plate, and the four corners of the top of the lateral grid frame are provided with hanging rings; the spacing between the adjacent sand bank units is 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the height of the sand bank unit.
2. The flood discharge power generation dam front silt reduction and displacement control facility according to claim 1 is characterized by: The slope of the sand barrier from the middle to the two ends is 10° to 30°.
3. The flood discharge power generation dam front silt reduction and displacement control facility according to claim 1 is characterized by: The bottom plate of the sand collecting basket is replaced by a steel plate. At the same time, a grid-shaped lateral cover is arranged at the upstream side of the sand collecting basket close to the bottom plate. The lateral cover is rotated by hinges to bring the bed load in front of the sand collecting basket into the sand collecting basket and lift it out.
4. A method for controlling silt reduction and displacement prevention in front of a flood discharge power generation dam, which is implemented based on the control facility for controlling silt reduction and displacement prevention in front of a flood discharge power generation dam as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, and is characterized by: Its application is: Case 1: The bedload at the bottom of the water flow moves in a "rolling and sliding" manner along the riverbed. Blocked by the sand barrier, it will gather along the arc-shaped upstream edge of the sand barrier to the middle sand barrier unit. During the movement, it passes through the reserved gaps between the sand barrier units and enters the sand guide channel between the first sand guide wall and the second sand guide wall. Because the cross-sectional water flow area between the sand barriers suddenly decreases, the water flow velocity in this area increases significantly, which improves the sand-carrying force of the water flow and is conducive to the transportation and scouring of suspended sediment in the area in front of the sand barrier. Case 2: When the above case 1 occurs, due to the accumulation of a large amount of bed load, the bed load in a "jumping" motion state jumps over the sand barrier and reaches the top of the sand guide wall. Since the first sand guide wall is high in the middle and low on both sides, the bed load of different sizes and weights can be classified and screened into different sand guide channels under the action of hydraulic power and gravity; the coarser bed load moves along the edge of the sand guide channel to the sand collection basket, and the finer bed load flows directly downstream in the concave sand guide channel at the top of the first sand guide wall without passing through the sand collection basket; this structure of the sand guide wall is conducive to the introduction of surface flow with relatively small sand content at the inlet of the power generation hole, thereby protecting the generator set; The sand collection basket is arranged at the end of the sand guide channel to collect sand, gravel and coarse sand. During the water flow, the frame structure of the sand collection basket can effectively prevent the bed load from entering the flood discharge channel, which can not only protect the channel from the erosion and impact damage of large volume bed load, but also prevent the bed load from silting up under the dam. After the sand collection basket is full of bed load, it is lifted to the dam surface through the lifting ring for transportation and treatment.