A small, lightweight, deep-cold, high-pressure hydrogen storage device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a small and micro light deep cold high pressure hydrogen storage device, comprising: an inner liner and an outer cylinder, the inner liner is located in the outer cylinder, the inner liner is fully wrapped with carbon fiber, and a reflective insulation layer is also wrapped on the outside of the carbon fiber layer, a hydrogen pipe is provided in the interlayer between the inner liner and the outer cylinder, one end of the hydrogen pipe is connected with the inner liner from the head of the inner liner, and then the hydrogen pipe is arranged around the inner liner from the head of the inner liner to the tail of the inner liner and then to the direction of the head of the inner liner, and then the other end of the hydrogen pipe passes through the head of the outer cylinder and is connected with one end of the hydrogen supply pipe outside the head of the outer cylinder, a first stop valve is provided on the hydrogen supply pipe, a filling pipe is connected to the hydrogen supply pipe between the first stop valve and the outer cylinder, a second stop valve is provided on the filling pipe, and aerogel is also filled in the interlayer between the inner liner and the outer cylinder and evacuated. The above device can improve the endurance of small machines, and is light in weight, low in cost, safe and reliable, and has a long hydrogen storage time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen storage, and in particular to a small, micro and lightweight deep-cold and high-pressure hydrogen storage device based on deep-cold and high-pressure hydrogen storage. Background Art

[0002] At present, small machines in China, such as small drones and unmanned ships, are all developing towards the direction of being powered by hydrogen energy. Therefore, a hydrogen storage power supply system is usually installed on small machines. The hydrogen storage power supply system consists of a hydrogen fuel cell that can provide electrical energy for the machine and a hydrogen storage device that can store hydrogen and supply hydrogen to the hydrogen fuel cell. Existing hydrogen storage devices usually include high-pressure hydrogen storage devices, liquid hydrogen storage devices, and medium-sized deep-cold high-pressure hydrogen storage devices.

[0003] Due to the limitation of hydrogen storage density, the endurance of high-pressure hydrogen storage devices is relatively insufficient, and the quality requirements of hydrogen storage containers are very high under the high pressure of 70MP.

[0004] Although the hydrogen storage density of liquid hydrogen storage devices has been greatly improved, after the liquid hydrogen storage devices are miniaturized, the surface-to-body ratio of the hydrogen storage container increases, making it easier for heat to be transferred to the hydrogen storage container, thereby accelerating the evaporation rate of liquid hydrogen and generating more flash steam. If additional equipment is added to utilize flash steam for power supply, the overall weight of the liquid hydrogen storage device will increase, which will not take advantage of the lightweight of the small machine. If the flash steam generated by evaporation is discharged into the air, it is easy to cause greater risks and safety hazards due to the uncertainty of the external environment. In addition, since liquid hydrogen is a liquid and is subject to greater gravity constraints, during the movement and use of the small machine, the liquid hydrogen may move away from the outlet of the hydrogen storage container under the action of gravity, resulting in the inability of the liquid hydrogen to flow out. Adding a pressurizing device to ensure that the liquid hydrogen can flow out will increase the cost and weight of the equipment.

[0005] A medium-sized cryogenic and high-pressure hydrogen storage device requires an air intake heat exchanger to be added to the inner liner of the cryogenic and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle used for hydrogen storage in the device, and multi-layer insulation (MLI insulation) is required on the outer cylinder. A coolant heat exchanger, a secondary vacuum module, a shut-off valve, a safety valve, a suspension, an auxiliary system and other devices need to be integrated outside the cryogenic and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle, making the structure of the device very complex and the overall mass relatively heavy. Due to its heavy weight and complexity, it cannot be directly reduced in size and transplanted to a small machine. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a small, lightweight, deep-cold, high-pressure hydrogen storage device for small machines that can improve the machine's endurance, is light in weight, low in cost, safe and reliable, and can maintain hydrogen for a long time.

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a small, light, deep-cold, high-pressure hydrogen storage device, comprising: an inner liner and an outer cylinder, the inner liner is located in the outer cylinder, the inner liner is fully wrapped with carbon fiber, and a reflective insulation layer is also wrapped on the outside of the carbon fiber layer, and a hydrogen pipe is arranged in the interlayer between the inner liner and the outer cylinder, characterized in that: one end of the hydrogen pipe is connected to the inner liner from the head of the inner liner, and then the hydrogen pipe is arranged around the inner liner from the head of the inner liner to the tail of the inner liner and then to the head of the inner liner, and then the other end of the hydrogen pipe passes through the head of the outer cylinder and is connected to one end of the hydrogen supply pipe outside the head of the outer cylinder, a first stop valve is arranged on the hydrogen supply pipe, and a filling pipe for filling hydrogen is connected to the hydrogen supply pipe between the first stop valve and the outer cylinder, and a second stop valve is arranged on the filling pipe, and the interlayer between the inner liner and the outer cylinder is also filled with aerogel and evacuated.

[0008] Furthermore, the aforementioned small, micro, lightweight, deep-cold, and high-pressure hydrogen storage device, wherein: an outer shell wrapped around the outer shell is provided on the outside of the outer shell, the hydrogen supply pipe passes through the outer shell outward, and a sandwich tube wrapped around the outside of the outer shell is provided in the interlayer between the outer shell and the outer shell, one end of the sandwich tube is connected to the hydrogen supply pipe between the outer shell and the outer shell, an output pipe is provided on the outside of the outer shell, the other end of the sandwich tube passes through the outer shell and is connected to one end of the output pipe, a third stop valve is provided on the sandwich tube, a fourth stop valve is provided on the output pipe, and the other end of the output pipe is connected to the hydrogen supply pipe located on the outside of the first stop valve.

[0009] Furthermore, in the aforementioned small, light, deep-cold, high-pressure hydrogen storage device, helium is introduced into the interlayer between the outer cylinder and the outer shell.

[0010] Furthermore, in the aforementioned small, light, deep-cold, high-pressure hydrogen storage device, a pressure detector and a first temperature sensor for detecting the hydrogen pressure and hydrogen temperature in the inner cylinder are provided on the hydrogen supply pipe between the first shut-off valve and the outer cylinder.

[0011] Furthermore, in the aforementioned small, light and deep-cold high-pressure hydrogen storage device, a second temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the supplied hydrogen is provided on the hydrogen supply pipe outside the first shut-off valve.

[0012] Furthermore, in the aforementioned small, light, deep-cold, high-pressure hydrogen storage device, the first and third stop valves are automatic valves that can automatically adjust the switch flow.

[0013] Furthermore, in the aforementioned small, light, deep-cold, high-pressure hydrogen storage device, the inner tank, outer cylinder, hydrogen pipe, hydrogen supply pipe, interlayer pipe, output pipe, and filling pipe are all made of the same material and are all austenitic stainless steel.

[0014] The advantages of the present invention are as follows: the small and light-weight deep-cold high-pressure hydrogen storage device described in the present invention has few equipment and simple structure, thereby greatly reducing the weight and cost of the device; in addition, since hydrogen is stored in a deep-cold and high-pressure manner, the hydrogen storage density is greatly improved, and there is no liquid hydrogen evaporation emission, which can greatly improve the endurance of small machines and enable the efficient and safe use of hydrogen energy; after the high-pressure liquid hydrogen pump extracts liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage tank and pressurizes it and injects it into the deep-cold high-pressure hydrogen storage device, the deep-cold high-pressure hydrogen storage device can keep the hydrogen in a high-pressure state, so that the subsequent hydrogen supply process all maintains a pressure condition of 40MPa~45MPa, thereby eliminating the need for additional pressurizing equipment; the hydrogen in the deep-cold high-pressure hydrogen storage device is in a supercritical state, The boundary hydrogen has the characteristics of uniform distribution, moderate pressure, and high hydrogen storage density, so that the supercritical hydrogen in the deep cold and high pressure hydrogen storage device can also be stably supplied during the operation of small machines; the deep cold and high pressure hydrogen storage device has greater heat resistance, and the emission-free storage time can be increased from 3-5 days to 10-15 days, which greatly improves the maintenance time of hydrogen storage and enables the machine to be on standby for a longer time; in addition, the deep cold and high pressure hydrogen storage device can also make hydrogen flow through the interlayer between the outer shell and the outer cylinder to preheat the hydrogen. The preheating of hydrogen can, on the one hand, reduce the surface temperature of the deep cold and high pressure hydrogen storage device, making the deep cold and high pressure hydrogen storage device suitable for use in extremely hot environments, and on the other hand, it can save electrical energy for subsequent heating of gaseous hydrogen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a small, lightweight, deep-cold, high-pressure hydrogen storage device described in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and drawings.

[0017] like Figure 1As shown, a small and light cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage device includes: an inner liner 21 and an outer cylinder 22, the inner liner 21 is located in the outer cylinder 22, the inner liner 21 is fully wrapped with carbon fiber, and a reflective insulation layer is also wrapped on the outside of the carbon fiber layer, a hydrogen tube 23 is arranged in the interlayer between the inner liner 21 and the outer cylinder 22, one end of the hydrogen tube 23 is connected with the inner liner 21 from the head of the inner liner 21, and then the hydrogen tube 23 is arranged around the inner liner 21 from the head of the inner liner 21 to the tail of the inner liner 21 and then to the head of the inner liner 21, and then the other end of the hydrogen tube 23 passes through the head of the outer cylinder 22 and is connected to one end of the hydrogen supply tube 9 outside the head of the outer cylinder 22, and the hydrogen tube 23 can be extended in length after being arranged in this way, thereby improving the temperature gradient, so that the influence of the external temperature on the inner tank 21 can be reduced to a minimum, and after being arranged in this way, the inner tank 21 can also be buffered and supported. A first stop valve 91 is arranged on the hydrogen supply pipe 9, and a filling pipe 72 for filling hydrogen is connected to the hydrogen supply pipe 9 between the first stop valve 91 and the outer cylinder 22, and a second stop valve 92 is arranged on the filling pipe 72. The interlayer between the inner tank 21 and the outer cylinder 22 is also filled with aerogel 24 and evacuated. The aerogel 24 has the characteristics of extremely low density, good thermal insulation effect, low temperature resistance, high strength, etc., and is very suitable for filling small, micro, light, deep-cold and high-pressure containers. An outer shell 2 is also provided on the outside of the outer cylinder 22 to wrap the outer cylinder 22, a hydrogen supply pipe 9 passes through the outer cylinder 2 outward, a sandwich pipe 7 is provided in the interlayer between the outer cylinder 2 and the outer cylinder 22, one end of the sandwich pipe 7 is connected to the hydrogen supply pipe 9 between the outer cylinder 2 and the outer cylinder 22, an output pipe 71 is provided on the outside of the outer cylinder 2, the other end of the sandwich pipe 7 passes through the outer cylinder 2 and is connected to one end of the output pipe 71, a third stop valve 93 is provided on the sandwich pipe 7, a fourth stop valve 94 is provided on the output pipe 71, and the other end of the output pipe 71 is connected to the hydrogen supply pipe 9 located outside the first stop valve 91. Helium is also introduced into the interlayer between the outer cylinder 2 and the outer cylinder 2, and helium has good thermal conductivity and is an inert gas, which is safer. The second, third and fourth stop valves 92, 93, 94 are all arranged close to the hydrogen supply pipe 9, so as to avoid a large amount of gaseous hydrogen remaining in the branch.

[0018] There are two hydrogen supply modes for the small and micro light deep-cold high-pressure hydrogen storage device described in the present invention; the hydrogen supply mode under normal conditions is: the second, third, and fourth stop valves 92, 93, and 94 are closed, and the first stop valve 91 is opened, so that the discharged gaseous hydrogen is directly supplied through the hydrogen supply pipe 9; the hydrogen supply mode under extreme conditions such as extreme heat or insufficient battery storage is: the first and second stop valves 91 and 92 are closed, and the third and fourth stop valves 93 and 94 are opened, so that the discharged gaseous hydrogen will enter the sandwich tube 7, so that the gaseous hydrogen absorbs heat in the interlayer between the outer cylinder 22 and the outer shell 2, so as to reduce the temperature of the surface of the deep-cold high-pressure hydrogen storage device, and the gaseous hydrogen will be preheated after absorbing heat, so that the electric energy for subsequent heating of the gaseous hydrogen can be saved. After coming out of the sandwich tube 7, the gaseous hydrogen will enter the output pipe 71, and then be supplied to the outside from the outer end of the hydrogen supply pipe 9.

[0019] In this embodiment, the inner liner 21, the outer cylinder 22, the hydrogen pipe 23, the hydrogen supply pipe 9, the interlayer tube 7, the output pipe 71, and the filling pipe 72 are all made of the same material and are all made of austenitic stainless steel. In practical applications, the outer shell 2 can also be made of austenitic stainless steel; austenitic stainless steel has strong resistance to low temperature and hydrogen embrittlement, and has high strength. In addition, the same material can make the structural equipment more stable to use, the heat transfer, expansion and contraction are more uniform, it is not easy to crack, and the welding difficulty is reduced, thereby increasing the service life.

[0020] In this embodiment, a pressure detector 8 and a first temperature sensor 81 for detecting the hydrogen pressure and hydrogen temperature in the inner cylinder 21 are provided on the hydrogen supply pipe 9 between the first stop valve 91 and the outer cylinder 22. A second temperature sensor 82 for detecting the temperature of the supplied hydrogen is provided on the hydrogen supply pipe 9 outside the first stop valve 91. The first and third stop valves 91 and 93 are automatic valves that can automatically adjust the switch flow. In actual use, the pressure detector 8, the first temperature sensor 81, the second temperature sensor 82, the first stop valve 91, and the third stop valve 93 are all connected to the central controller for communication; after the pressure detector 8 detects the pressure of hydrogen in the deep cold high pressure hydrogen storage device, a data signal is generated and sent to the central controller. When the hydrogen pressure is too high, the central controller will make the deep cold high pressure hydrogen storage device release hydrogen to reduce the pressure; after the first temperature sensor 81 and the second temperature sensor 82 detect the temperature of hydrogen, a data signal is generated and sent to the central controller. The central controller will adjust the heating power of the subsequent gas hydrogen according to the hydrogen temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 82, so that the temperature of the hydrogen leading to the hydrogen fuel cell remains stable.

[0021] During operation, a high-pressure cryogenic pump is used to extract liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen container, and then the liquid hydrogen is filled into the deep-cold high-pressure hydrogen storage device through the filling pipe 72. Due to the special thermophysical properties of hydrogen, liquid hydrogen will form supercritical hydrogen under the simultaneous action of ultra-low temperature (below -230°C) and high pressure (above 20MPa) of the deep-cold high-pressure hydrogen storage device. In addition to having a higher hydrogen storage density than cryogenic liquid hydrogen, supercritical hydrogen can also extend the maintenance time of the hydrogen storage container to several times that of traditional liquid hydrogen storage technology. Due to its high-pressure characteristics, it does not need to be pressurized after gasification.

Claims

1. A small, lightweight, deep-cold, high-pressure hydrogen storage device, comprising: The inner liner and the outer cylinder body, the inner liner is located in the outer cylinder body, the inner liner is fully wrapped with carbon fiber, and a reflective insulation layer is also wrapped on the outside of the carbon fiber layer, a hydrogen pipe is arranged in the interlayer between the inner liner and the outer cylinder body, characterized in that one end of the hydrogen pipe is connected with the inner liner from the head of the inner liner, and then the hydrogen pipe is arranged around the inner liner from the head of the inner liner to the tail of the inner liner and then to the head of the inner liner, and then the other end of the hydrogen pipe passes through the head of the outer cylinder body and is connected with one end of the hydrogen supply pipe outside the head of the outer cylinder body, a first stop valve is arranged on the hydrogen supply pipe, a filling pipe for filling hydrogen is connected on the hydrogen supply pipe between the first stop valve and the outer cylinder body, a second stop valve is arranged on the filling pipe, and aerogel is also filled in the interlayer between the inner liner and the outer cylinder body and and evacuate; an outer shell wrapped around the outer shell is also arranged on the outside of the outer shell, the hydrogen supply pipe passes through the outer shell outward, a sandwich pipe wrapped around the outside of the outer shell is arranged in the interlayer between the outer shell and the outer shell, one end of the sandwich pipe is connected with the hydrogen supply pipe between the outer shell and the outer shell, an output pipe is arranged on the outside of the outer shell, the other end of the sandwich pipe passes through the outer shell and is connected with one end of the output pipe, a third stop valve is arranged on the sandwich pipe, a fourth stop valve is arranged on the output pipe, the other end of the output pipe is connected with the hydrogen supply pipe located outside the first stop valve; helium is introduced into the interlayer between the outer shell and the outer shell; the inner liner, the outer shell, the hydrogen pipe, the hydrogen supply pipe, the sandwich pipe, the output pipe, and the filling pipe are all made of the same material.

2. A small, lightweight, deep-cold, high-pressure hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure detector and a first temperature sensor for detecting the hydrogen pressure and hydrogen temperature in the inner cylinder are arranged on the hydrogen supply pipe between the first stop valve and the outer cylinder.

3. A small, light, deep-cold, high-pressure hydrogen storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A second temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of supplied hydrogen is arranged on the hydrogen supply pipe outside the first stop valve.

4. A small, light, deep-cold, high-pressure hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first and third stop valves are automatic valves that can automatically adjust the on-off flow.

5. A small, light, deep-cold, high-pressure hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner tank, outer cylinder, hydrogen pipe, hydrogen supply pipe, sandwich pipe, output pipe and filling pipe are all made of austenitic stainless steel.

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