Experimental device and method for realizing oblique impact

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of material impact test, and in particular to an experimental device and method for realizing oblique impact. The experimental device for realizing oblique impact is characterized in that it comprises a rigid force transmission device arranged at an upper part, and a test piece arranged at a lower part. The rigid force transmission device is a solid steel column. One end of the solid steel column is an inclined surface I, and the other end is a horizontal surface. The inclined surface I has an inclination angle of α , the specimen is a cylinder, one end of the cylinder is an inclined plane II, and the other end is a horizontal plane, the inclination angle of inclined plane II is α , the inclined surface I is attached to the upper part of the inclined surface II. The present invention effectively solves the problem that the traditional impact test cannot simulate the oblique impact; and can effectively solve the problem that the traditional impact test cannot change the impact angle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of material impact, and in particular relates to an experimental device and method for realizing oblique impact. Background Art

[0002] Impact test is one of the important means to study the dynamic mechanical properties of materials under external dynamic loads. The damage, crushing characteristics and mechanism of rock and concrete materials under impact loads are basic research in the fields of mining and geotechnical engineering. Rock and concrete materials show four types of failure under impact loads: compression shear failure, tensile stress failure, tensile strain failure and unloading failure. In laboratory impact load experiments, experimental instruments such as Hopkinson pressure bar, drop hammer impact tester, light gas gun and flat plate impact are usually used. The above experimental methods for studying the dynamic characteristics of rocks are all positive impact modes, that is, the impact force is perpendicular to the force surface, but oblique impact phenomena are also common in nature or actual engineering. For example, after the mine chute is unloaded, due to the influence of the initial movement direction, the ore rock presents an oblique throwing motion. When the ore rock collides with the shaft wall, there is a certain angle between the impact direction of the ore rock and the chute wall, so the way the ore rock impacts the shaft wall is an oblique impact. In this case, the use of positive impact experiments to simulate the material damage after oblique impact will be quite different from the actual situation.

[0003] Traditional impact tests have the following problems:

[0004] (1) Traditional impact tests can only measure the impact of the specimen when the force direction is perpendicular to the force surface, that is, they can only simulate the situation where the specimen is subjected to a positive impact, and cannot test the impact force of the specimen during an oblique impact;

[0005] (2) Under the traditional normal impact condition, when there is a certain angle between the direction of force applied and the force-bearing surface, the force loaded on the inclined surface will form a force along the inclined surface and a force perpendicular to the inclined surface. The actual force acting on the specimen and causing damage to the specimen is smaller than the loaded force. The actual situation after the impact is quite different, and the damage state of the specimen after the oblique impact cannot be well simulated. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an experimental device and method capable of realizing oblique impact, by transmitting the impact force through a rigid force transmission device, so that the test piece can be subjected to uniform force, simulating the situation that the material test piece is subjected to oblique impact.

[0007] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] The experimental device for realizing oblique impact of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises a rigid force transmission device arranged at the upper part and a test piece arranged at the lower part, wherein the rigid force transmission device is a solid steel column, one end of the solid steel column is an inclined surface I and the other end is a horizontal surface, and the inclination angle of the inclined surface I is α ,

[0009] The test piece is a cylinder, one end of which is an inclined plane II and the other end is a horizontal plane. The inclination angle of the inclined plane II is α ,

[0010] The inclined surface I is fitted on the upper side of the inclined surface II.

[0011] The rigid force transmission device has a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm.

[0012] The test piece has a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm.

[0013] The inclination angle of the inclined plane I α and the inclination angle of slope II α The value range is 0°< α <90°.

[0014] An experimental method using an experimental device for realizing oblique impact, characterized in that the impact force F is transmitted by a rigid force transmission device so that the force Fʹ perpendicular to the inclined plane is equal to the magnitude of the applied impact force F, that is, Fʹ=F, and the steps are as follows:

[0015] (1) Make a rigid force transmission device with a diameter of 50 mm, a height of 100 mm, and an inclined surface angle of α , 0°< α <90°, the specific angle shall be determined according to the experimental requirements;

[0016] (2) Cut one end of the specimen with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm into an inclined plane with the angle required for the experiment, which is the same as the inclination angle of one end of the inclined plane of the rigid force transmission device;

[0017] (3) Place the rigid force transmission device on top of the impacted specimen, with the inclined surface of the rigid force transmission device in close contact with the inclined surface of the specimen. The two are combined to form a cylinder, and the inclined surfaces of the two are bonded together to a degree that the rigid force transmission device does not slide when no external force is applied;

[0018] (4) Place the assembly after the rigid force transmission device and the specimen are bonded on the support table of the drop weight impact tester, adhere the strain gauge on the side wall of the specimen part of the assembly and connect it to the data collector;

[0019] (5) After setting the experimental parameters, the experiment can be carried out. During loading, the hammer head of the drop hammer vertically impacts the upper bottom surface of the rigid force transmission device through free fall, and the stress-strain curve of the specimen below after impact is obtained;

[0020] (6) When one experiment is completed, when the next experiment is carried out, a set of rigid force transmission devices and test pieces with different angles are used to repeat the operations (3) to (5) and then the experiment is carried out again;

[0021] (7) The relevant data collected after the experiment are used to calculate the damage of the specimen and analyze the failure form and damage characteristics of the specimen under oblique impact.

[0022] Advantages of the present invention:

[0023] (1) The experimental device and method for realizing oblique impact of the present invention effectively solve the problem that the traditional impact experiment cannot simulate oblique impact;

[0024] (2) The experimental device and method for realizing oblique impact of the present invention can effectively solve the problem that the impact angle cannot be changed in traditional impact experiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a front view of the rigid force transmission device of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Left view of .

[0028] Figure 4 It is the force diagram of the test piece of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0030] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the experimental device for realizing oblique impact of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises a rigid force transmission device 1 arranged at the upper part and a test piece 2 arranged at the lower part. The rigid force transmission device 1 is a solid steel column, one end of which is an inclined surface I and the other end is a horizontal surface. The inclined surface I has an inclination angle of α ,

[0031] The test piece 2 is a column, one end of which is an inclined plane II and the other end is a horizontal plane. The inclination angle of the inclined plane II is α ,

[0032] The inclined surface I is fitted on the upper side of the inclined surface II.

[0033] The rigid force transmission device 1 has a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm.

[0034] The test piece 2 has a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm.

[0035] The inclination angle of the inclined plane I α and the inclination angle of slope II α The value range is 0°< α <90°.

[0036] An experimental method using an experimental device for realizing oblique impact, characterized in that the impact force F is transmitted by a rigid force transmission device 1 so that the force Fʹ perpendicular to the inclined plane is equal to the magnitude of the applied impact force F, that is, Fʹ=F, and the steps are as follows:

[0037] (1) Make a rigid force transmission device 1 with a diameter of 50 mm, a height of 100 mm, and an inclined surface angle of α , 0°< α <90°, the specific angle shall be determined according to the experimental requirements;

[0038] (2) Cut one end of the test piece 2 with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm into an inclined plane with the angle required for the experiment, which is the same as the inclination angle of one end of the inclined plane of the rigid force transmission device 1;

[0039] (3) The rigid force transmission device 1 is placed above the impacted specimen 2, with the inclined surface of the rigid force transmission device 1 in close contact with the inclined surface of the specimen 2. The two are combined to form a cylinder, and the inclined surfaces of the two are bonded together to a degree that the rigid force transmission device 1 does not slide when no external force is applied;

[0040] (4) The assembly after the rigid force transmission device 1 and the test piece 2 are bonded is placed on the support table 3 of the drop weight impact tester, and a strain gauge is attached to the side wall of the test piece 2 of the assembly and then connected to the data collector;

[0041] (5) After setting the experimental parameters, the experiment can be carried out. During loading, the drop hammer head 4 vertically impacts the upper bottom surface of the rigid force transmission device 1 through free fall, and the stress-strain curve of the lower specimen 2 after impact is obtained;

[0042] (6) When one experiment is completed, when the next experiment is carried out, a set of rigid force transmission devices 1 and test pieces 2 with different angles are used to repeat the operations (3) to (5) and then the experiment is carried out again;

[0043] (7) The relevant data collected after the experiment are used to calculate the damage of the specimen and analyze the failure form and damage characteristics of the specimen under oblique impact.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] An experimental device for realizing oblique impact, comprising a rigid force transmission device 1 and a test piece 2, as shown in the attached Figure 1 ;

[0046] The rigid force transmission device 1 is a solid steel column with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm. One end of the solid steel column is an inclined surface and the other end is horizontal. The angle of the inclined surface is α =45°; the specimen is a common cylindrical specimen (rock or concrete, etc.), with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm, one end of which is an inclined surface and the other end is horizontal, and the angle of the inclined surface is α =45°, the same as the inclined angle of the steel column.

[0047] A method for achieving oblique impact, the principle of which is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the impacted body is composed of a rigid force transmission device 1 and a specimen 2. The rigid force transmission device 1 is responsible for transmitting the impact force to the specimen 2. The geometric relationship between the interface between the rigid force transmission device 1 and the specimen 2 and the impact force F reflects the mechanical characteristics and impact state of the inclined impact. According to the geometric relationship and the principle of force action, it can be known that when the impact force F acts on the upper plane of the rigid force transmission device 1, the rigid force transmission device 1 transmits the impact force F to the lower inclined surface of the rigid force transmission device 1, and transmits the impact force F to the upper inclined surface of the specimen 2 through its lower plane, realizing the transformation of the normal impact to the oblique impact. After the impact force F acts on the rigid force transmission device 1 and is transmitted to the specimen 2 through the rigid force transmission device 1, it pops outward under the reaction force of the specimen 2, realizing separation from the specimen, simulating the rebound effect of the oblique impact.

[0048] In the positive impact mode, the force of the impact force on the force-bearing surface is F. When there is an angle between the impact force and the force-bearing surface α When the impact force is divided into the force F1 perpendicular to the inclined plane and the force F2 along the inclined plane. The force perpendicular to the inclined plane is: F1 = F·cos α , the force along the inclined plane is: F2=F·sin α , as attached Figure 4 .

[0049] After adopting an experimental device for realizing oblique impact, the impact force F is transmitted by the rigid force transmission device 1, so that the force Fʹ perpendicular to the inclined plane is equal to the magnitude of the applied impact force F, that is, Fʹ=F. The steps of this method are:

[0050] The first step is to make a rigid force transmission device 1 with a diameter of 50 mm, a height of 100 mm, and an angle of the inclined surface of α =45°;

[0051] In the second step, a cylindrical rock specimen with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm was cut into specimen 2 with a 45° slope at one end;

[0052] The third step is to place the rigid force transmission device 1 on the impacted specimen 2, so that the inclined surface of the rigid force transmission device 1 is in close contact with the inclined surface of the specimen 2, and the two are still a cylinder after being combined. The inclined surfaces of the two are bonded together, and the degree of bonding is such that the force transmission device does not slide when there is no external force acting on it;

[0053] The fourth step is to place the bonded assembly on the support table 3 of the drop weight impact tester, and to attach strain gauges to the side walls of the test piece 2 of the assembly and connect them to the data collector;

[0054] Step 5: After setting the experimental parameters, the experiment can be carried out. When loading, the drop hammer 4 vertically impacts the upper bottom surface of the rigid force transmission device 1 through free fall, and the stress-strain curve of the lower specimen 2 after impact is obtained;

[0055] The sixth step is to use the relevant data collected after the experiment to calculate the damage of specimen 2 and analyze the failure form and damage characteristics of specimen 2 under oblique impact.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] An experimental device for realizing oblique impact, comprising a rigid force transmission device 1 and a test piece 2, as shown in the attached Figure 1 ;

[0058] The rigid force transmission device 1 is a solid steel column with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm. One end of the solid steel column is an inclined surface and the other end is horizontal. The angle of the inclined surface is α =50°; the specimen is a common cylindrical specimen (rock or concrete, etc.), with a diameter of 50 mm, a height of 100 mm, an inclined surface at one end and a horizontal surface at the other end. α =50°, the same as the inclined angle of the steel column.

[0059] A method for achieving oblique impact, the principle of which is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the impacted body is composed of a rigid force transmission device 1 and a specimen 2. The rigid force transmission device 1 is responsible for transmitting the impact force to the specimen 2. The geometric relationship between the interface between the rigid force transmission device 1 and the specimen 2 and the impact force F reflects the mechanical characteristics and impact state of the inclined impact. According to the geometric relationship and the principle of force action, it can be known that when the impact force F acts on the upper plane of the rigid force transmission device 1, the rigid force transmission device 1 transmits the impact force F to the lower inclined surface of the rigid force transmission device 1, and transmits the impact force F to the upper inclined surface of the specimen 2 through its lower plane, realizing the transformation of the normal impact to the oblique impact. After the impact force F acts on the rigid force transmission device 1 and is transmitted to the specimen 2 through the rigid force transmission device 1, it pops outward under the reaction force of the specimen 2, realizing separation from the specimen, simulating the rebound effect of the oblique impact.

[0060] In the positive impact mode, the force of the impact force on the force-bearing surface is F. When there is an angle between the impact force and the force-bearing surface α When the impact force is divided into the force F1 perpendicular to the inclined plane and the force F2 along the inclined plane. The force perpendicular to the inclined plane is: F1 = F·cos α , the force along the inclined plane is: F2=F·sin α , as attached Figure 4 .

[0061] After adopting an experimental device for realizing oblique impact, the impact force F is transmitted by the rigid force transmission device 1, so that the force Fʹ perpendicular to the inclined plane is equal to the magnitude of the applied impact force F, that is, Fʹ=F. The steps of this method are as follows:

[0062] The first step is to make a rigid force transmission device 1 with a diameter of 50 mm, a height of 100 mm, and an angle of the inclined surface of α =50°;

[0063] In the second step, a cylindrical rock specimen with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm was cut into specimen 2 with a 50° slope at one end;

[0064] The third step is to place the rigid force transmission device 1 on the impacted specimen 2, so that the inclined surface of the rigid force transmission device 1 is in close contact with the inclined surface of the specimen 2, and the two are still a cylinder after being combined. The inclined surfaces of the two are bonded together, and the degree of bonding is such that the force transmission device does not slide when there is no external force acting on it;

[0065] The fourth step is to place the bonded assembly on the support table 3 of the drop weight impact tester, and to attach strain gauges to the side walls of the test piece 2 of the assembly and connect them to the data collector;

[0066] Step 5: After setting the experimental parameters, the experiment can be carried out. When loading, the drop hammer 4 vertically impacts the upper bottom surface of the rigid force transmission device 1 through free fall, and the stress-strain curve of the lower specimen 2 after impact is obtained;

[0067] The sixth step is to use the relevant data collected after the experiment to calculate the damage of specimen 2 and analyze the failure form and damage characteristics of specimen 2 under oblique impact.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] An experimental device for realizing oblique impact, comprising a rigid force transmission device 1 and a test piece 2, as shown in the attached Figure 1 ;

[0070] The rigid force transmission device 1 is a solid steel column with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm. One end of the solid steel column is an inclined surface and the other end is horizontal. The angle of the inclined surface is α=60°; the specimen is a common cylindrical specimen (rock or concrete, etc.), with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm, one end of which is an inclined surface and the other end is horizontal, and the angle of the inclined surface is α =60°, the same as the inclined angle of the steel column.

[0071] A method for achieving oblique impact, the principle of which is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the impacted body is composed of a rigid force transmission device 1 and a specimen 2. The rigid force transmission device 1 is responsible for transmitting the impact force to the specimen 2. The geometric relationship between the interface between the rigid force transmission device 1 and the specimen 2 and the impact force F reflects the mechanical characteristics and impact state of the inclined impact. According to the geometric relationship and the principle of force action, it can be known that when the impact force F acts on the upper plane of the rigid force transmission device 1, the rigid force transmission device 1 transmits the impact force F to the lower inclined surface of the rigid force transmission device 1, and transmits the impact force F to the upper inclined surface of the specimen 2 through its lower plane, realizing the transformation of the normal impact to the oblique impact. After the impact force F acts on the rigid force transmission device 1 and is transmitted to the specimen 2 through the rigid force transmission device 1, it pops outward under the reaction force of the specimen 2, realizing separation from the specimen, simulating the rebound effect of the oblique impact.

[0072] In the positive impact mode, the force of the impact force on the force-bearing surface is F. When there is an angle between the impact force and the force-bearing surface α When the impact force is divided into the force F1 perpendicular to the inclined plane and the force F2 along the inclined plane. The force perpendicular to the inclined plane is: F1 = F·cos α , the force along the inclined plane is: F2=F·sin α , as attached Figure 4 .

[0073] After adopting an experimental device for realizing oblique impact, the impact force F is transmitted by the rigid force transmission device 1, so that the force Fʹ perpendicular to the inclined plane is equal to the magnitude of the applied impact force F, that is, Fʹ=F. The steps of this method are:

[0074] The first step is to make a rigid force transmission device 1 with a diameter of 50 mm, a height of 100 mm, and an angle of the inclined surface of α =60°;

[0075] In the second step, a cylindrical rock specimen with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm was cut into specimen 2 with a 60° slope at one end;

[0076] The third step is to place the rigid force transmission device 1 on the impacted specimen 2, so that the inclined surface of the rigid force transmission device 1 is in close contact with the inclined surface of the specimen 2, and the two are still a cylinder after being combined. The inclined surfaces of the two are bonded together, and the degree of bonding is such that the force transmission device does not slide when there is no external force acting on it;

[0077] The fourth step is to place the bonded assembly on the support table 3 of the drop weight impact tester, and to attach strain gauges to the side walls of the test piece 2 of the assembly and connect them to the data collector;

[0078] Step 5: After setting the experimental parameters, the experiment can be carried out. When loading, the drop hammer 4 vertically impacts the upper bottom surface of the rigid force transmission device 1 through free fall, and the stress-strain curve of the lower specimen 2 after impact is obtained;

[0079] The sixth step is to use the relevant data collected after the experiment to calculate the damage of specimen 2 and analyze the failure form and damage characteristics of specimen 2 under oblique impact.

[0080] The experimental device and method for realizing oblique impact of the present invention effectively solve the problem that traditional impact experiments cannot simulate oblique impact; the experimental device and method for realizing oblique impact of the present invention can effectively solve the problem that traditional impact experiments cannot change the impact angle.

Claims

1. An experimental device for realizing oblique impact, characterized in that It includes a rigid force transmission device arranged at the upper part and a test piece arranged at the lower part, wherein the rigid force transmission device is a solid steel column, one end of the solid steel column is an inclined surface I and the other end is a horizontal surface, and the inclined surface I has an inclination angle of α , The test piece is a cylinder, one end of which is an inclined plane II and the other end is a horizontal plane. The inclination angle of the inclined plane II is α , The inclined surface I is fitted on the upper side of the inclined surface II.

2. The experimental device for realizing oblique impact according to claim 1, characterized in that The rigid force transmission device has a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm.

3. The experimental device for realizing oblique impact according to claim 1, characterized in that The test piece has a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm.

4. The experimental device for realizing oblique impact according to claim 1, characterized in that The inclination angle of the inclined plane I α and the inclination angle of slope II α The value range is 0°< α <90°.

5. An experimental method using an experimental device for achieving oblique impact, characterized in that The impact force F is transmitted by a rigid force transmission device so that the force Fʹ perpendicular to the inclined plane is equal to the magnitude of the applied impact force F, that is, Fʹ=F. The steps are as follows: (1) Make a rigid force transmission device with a diameter of 50 mm, a height of 100 mm, and an inclined surface angle of α , 0°< α <90°, the specific angle shall be determined according to the experimental requirements; (2) Cut one end of the specimen with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm into an inclined plane with the angle required for the experiment, which is the same as the inclination angle of one end of the inclined plane of the rigid force transmission device; (3) Place the rigid force transmission device on top of the impacted specimen, with the inclined surface of the rigid force transmission device in close contact with the inclined surface of the specimen. The two are combined to form a cylinder, and the inclined surfaces of the two are bonded together to a degree that the rigid force transmission device does not slide when no external force is applied; (4) Place the assembly after the rigid force transmission device and the specimen are bonded on the support table of the drop weight impact tester, adhere the strain gauge to the side wall of the specimen part of the assembly and connect it to the data collector; (5) After setting the experimental parameters, the experiment can be carried out. During loading, the hammer head of the drop hammer vertically impacts the upper bottom surface of the rigid force transmission device through free fall, and the stress-strain curve of the specimen below after impact is obtained; (6) When one experiment is completed, when the next experiment is carried out, a set of rigid force transmission devices and test pieces with different angles are used to repeat the operations (3) to (5) and then the experiment is carried out again; (7) The relevant data collected after the experiment are used to calculate the damage of the specimen and analyze the failure form and damage characteristics of the specimen under oblique impact.

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